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WORKMEN'S ,TOPICS.
WORKMEN'S TOPICS. ——-—► (BY MABON, M.P.). SOCIAL REFORMS. This question of social reforms, notwith- standing all that has been listened to and all that has been raid on public platforms and otherwise, still bulks largely in the public mind. And when we have paid due attention to what has been the original and inherent condition of things in America., Great Britain aad the Continent, especially Germany, we will. I think, find that the different conditions of the working people in oach. in addition to the advantage or disad- vantage arising from their different physical condition, arises lar cly a1.,0 from the senti- each as well, In Germany, which is largely typical of European countries, th sentiment of the masse?, as "ell as that of the classes, was, and is largely, that the St-t,, thill provide for meeting the national require- ments of the people, and care for the welfare of the labouring classes, by the methods of a widespread organisation to insure them against the misfortune that they arc toostly exposed when in and out cf employment and only when they have been ro bed of the fruits of their provident provisions by unscrupulous employers, has it been possible for their leaders and political sympathisers, to arouse them to war against the system as being inadequate for their professed purposes, as well as having largely robbed them of the more effective mode of seli-reliance and thrift. They have ultimately been aroused to the need of better wages nocesssary to enable them to better provide for themselves, to demand better conditions of labour all round, and better protection for life and limb, and to raise the social standard of working men altogether. And they have found rait that to do this they must rely more on themscives and less upon the State and their txnployers to do it for them. And they have, by the aid of the workers' international move- ment, to seriously and intelligently tackle the matter. The sentiment of the past, as well as the statement with them, was—we are the children of the State, and oithe State we demand that. principle of justice and good sense whi h compels her to take on herself all the ordinary risks of our health and occu- pations The State, having accepted its obligation, and the very sparing provisions made by the employers, as well as the workers themselves, have been triced for the purpose the employers, under such a formal system—having no more interest in the welfare of their own employees than in those o their neighbours, all being children of the State—deducts largely the value of his portion of the provisions to be matle tor workmen during illness or incapa- bility to work, from any cause whatsoever, from the w ges paid when the worker is at work and under the workman's position, in conse- qhence, very little better when in good health and at work than when in ill-health and out 'lr work- This is what we have to guard Against in Great Brita> that while we claim to have rartfaar cons Jerfctipn from the Eitat- •j^fch a- position vill 4ot be allowed to sap cur m^eriendorice as individual. Mot of our aboutthirty years of age, know G!4t the claim made on the State on our behalf j, present because we are the children of the State, is as a new one not too well understood yefc. And more than that, the sentiment ranght in this country, as well as in Ame- rica. was that workmen should not seek that the State should do for them what they could do, and do it better, for themselves that the strife should be for wages adequate to enable people to provide for themselves that senti- ment, though changing very materially in this country, has yet a. strong hold on the American labour leaders as well as upon the workmen. Mr Samuel Gompers, the President of the American Federation of Labour, has just given *». very strong opinion of the kind with regard to old age pensions. After condemning employers severely for sending men to Lobbying Con- gress and Senate, with the view of defeating the simplest legislation for the prevention of fatal acci lenfs and reasonable compensation to their victims, and who continually protest that it is the Trade Unions that are unrea- sonable, extreme, and selfish," and that they, the employers, are ready to do justice. While I he accuses some of the employers as opponents o publicity in cases of death and other acci- dents in mines and factories, and fo opposing measures being enacted for prompt notification by the authorities, and immediate investiga- tion in cases of fatal accidents—and which some of those responsible for industrial slaugh- ter resent as impertinent the demand ofthe State, on behalf o the people, for informa- tion and light-- c at the same time announced to the world that. Labour in the United States asks for no old age pensions and the like from the Government, Federal, or State. but it insists that effete decisions of courts, coined centuries ago. under comparatively primitive conditions, should have no application in ur modern industrial area. Titat in our times a higher, better, and more humane conception of labour-life, men must must find its expres- sion in law and in practice." Very good,; but one- cannot help- thinking that even Mr Rompers will have to modify his opinion vei-v soon respecting the necessity of old age pen- sions for the old and infirm workers of even America—especially when the American Congress will have. succeeded to prevent decisions of courts, based upon laws made cen. furies ago and when the financial burden of nccidents to workmen arising from their daily occupations arc placed, as in this country, on the shoulders of the employers who already have no regard whatever for old and infirm workmen, bu send them adrift the moment they fail to follow "the inachin, and will not scruple to cast those old men away, as they now cast their old and effete machinery on Fcr&p tins tho moment. they are compelled by law to compensate them for injuries met. with whiles following their avocatinns and arising therefrom. I am almost certain that lie, with his enormous experience of employers, will soon find, as we in this country have dooe. Mint eld age pensions are the only log cal con- clusion to a Workmen's Compensation Act., as day follows night, that as those responsible for industrial slaughter, as be puts i- now retent the pasting into the statute books of -be State lawk for compensating injured workmen, as soon ac; they, by law, will have to provide that compensation. ITnlefes there will be some, provision made in the meantime, the old and infirm American work- rieli will .be out oi existence in no time.
.. -_.......----.,.----Not…
Not His Fault. At the persuasion of a travelling agent, a farmer hud two lightning rods "fitted to a., costly new'barn. But only a week or two later during a-violent thunderstorm the barn was Struck, and i a few hours all that remained of it was to heap of charred black refuse. Koxt day the farmer sought. out the lightning rod Pient. Fine lightning rods you sold me he shouted. Here's my barn been struck and burned to the, oun(!- What ?" said the agent. "Struck by lij-rhtpir;^ "S os, by lightning." "In tho day time "Sc .at night. Last nicht." The Scent's puzzled f. own relaxed a little. Ah, he saitl. It was Ii, dark night, vasn't we-? the lanterns bum* What lanterns ? The agent stared in pretended amazement. '\Vhy: iit, 11 you don't Inean to tell me that you didn t run up lanterns on the rods os-. dark nights i, never beard of such n thing," shouted the Tu], ul, Why Well," said t'te ar4(iit, 1, if you don't kis-rVw-enough f ) Make" your lightning rods aoticinbio you Cll t me."
¡MUSIC IN WALES.
¡ MUSIC IN WALES. I I ————1 -■ 1 By D. EMLYN EVANS. II A LONDON CRITIC AND THE LLANELLY CHOIR. We have already expressed our opinion in regard to the wise discretion displayed upon the whole in the selection of the music performed by the Llanelly Choir before the King and Queen and other Royal and Imperial persons at Windsor Castle. Bnt we confess that to practically repeat the same programme, after- wards at the Horticultural Hall, albeit with the powerful help of Mr Ffrangcon Davics, seemed to be hardly good policy. The con: ditions, and what may be termed the. require- ments, were, so entirely different. And to the ill-informed the repetition suggested either a limited outlook and poverty of resources or a lack of effort and adequate preparation for such an important occasion. Of course, those who are acquainted with the choir's past his- tory and capabilities know better neverthe- less, the policy pursued laid the choir open to some criticism that may not be altogether complimentary, and this is what has occurred. One of the ablest musical critics of the present connected with the. London daily Press, viz., Mr E. A. Baughan. of the" Daily- News." is the gentleman who acts the part. of candid friend. He bears witness to the national love of music- prevailing in Wales saying that, even in a semi-English town such as Cardiff you can find traces of this and that a crowd waiting for a train to take it to a football match will burst into song not the raucous shouting of the latest music hall inanity, which would be a London crowd's idea of music, but actual singing, musical expression, and well-balanced." Those Welsh choirs who have visited London occasionally have surprised the critic by the beauty of their voices and it must be confcsscd," he adds. "have de- pressed me by the character of the compositions which form the test pieces for the choral com- petitions." The last remark seems to rather con fuse the question for a choir is free to exercise its own taste-subject- to the presumed taste of its audience—when select- ing music for a concert performance, whereas competitive test pieces are, broadly spea,king, selected by Eisteddfod committees. However, to follow the writer, Mr Baughan refers to the evil of pot-hunting touches upon the assumed low education of the Welsh singer gives his impressions of a weary evening passed by him in the Queen s Hall lis- tening to choir after choir singing a poor chorus on the destruction of Pompeii and the "hymn" and Welsh songs given outside by the singers while waiting for the verdict, to the surprise of the stolid English policemen. but. which, as he thought, displayed the real Welsh spirit," and impressed him more tha.n anything he had heard hi the concert room. He does not wish to convey the idea, that he was not impressed by the Llanelly Choir. On the contrary, it reflected great credit on the training of Mr John Thomas, its conductor. The singing was precise and full of expression, and the quality of voices remarkably good." in order to show" how good the voices were," special mention is made of the solo and quar. tette sing rs, and of Mrs John Thomas's "charming soprano voice"—who, as we believe, is (contrary to Mr Banghan's surmise) a bona-tide member of the choir these many years. But our not unfriendly critic was sorry to see that the choir's fine qualities enthu- siasm and voice were evidently not matctied by its musical tas te a nd accomplishments and it could not be said that the programme of the LlaneHy Choral Society showed that (tha defciwd) proereaa had u it bcinJS_ made up* with the exception of acborus from Mendelssohn's St. Paul, 1 and Schubert s God in a Thunderstorm," of such flimsy material of Finsuti's arrangement of Jenny Jones," &c., &e. Be ends up by saying that, h it, is really tune Wales looked to its laurels, for the typical Welsh choirs are not to be com- pared with the Blackpool Madrigal Society which visitedLcndonsomemonths ago—a choir hy no means without its compeer in Lanca shire." And if the Llanelly Choir can sing Schubert's great song, why should they not study more music oi the same type The chorus from St- Paul also, though the performance was a trifle rough in detail, was extremely well done in point of exprea- sion." But Wales is not without its champion, that even in the City of London itself. Mr Spencer Curwen, president of the Tonic Sol-fa College, has a much more intimate knowledge of Wales than the large majority of English musicians, having attended its Eisteddfodau, its singing festivals, and music conference?, mixing freely, and exchanging opinions with Welsh singers and Welsh musicians generally. A day or twoaftr the appearance of the above criticism, he writes to the" Daily News." as follows — May I suggest tha.t your able musical critic, Mr E. A- Baughan. scarcely catches the spirit of the Welsh nation in relation to music Here is a people almost entirely industrial, and keenly commercial in everyday life, yet a people of ideals, of religious and national emotion, full of visions of the unseen and the subjective. "I admit that to the man in the street it is wearisome to hear a chorus or a song sung fifteen, twenty, thirty times; but those who are keen upon points of choir trahing and vocalisation never tire of repetitions, which arc constantly bringing out new points. Notice how the Welsh throw open their com- petitions to all comers. Notice how they en- gage Englishmen to adjudicate, and with what patiencf they listen to criticism. "When I think wha.t few opportunities the Welsh working-men conductors have of hear- ing other music than their own, I marvel at the results they produce. "Take Welsh musical culture as a whole, and I hold it to be the most remarka hIe of any country in Europe." As is known, Mr Curwen recognises the fact that the competitive system is overdone among us. limiting the outlook of both choirs and composers. In a subsequent issue of the Daily News," Mr Baughan states that he agrees with Mr Curwen in regard to the re- markable musical culture of the Welsh, al- though the fact remains," as he says, that their musical taste and knowledge are not equal to their enthusiasm and natural talent." He also thinks that too much may be made of the adverse circumstances under which Welsh singers labour. The choirs of Stafford- shire and the North have had to fight against much the same difficulties, although tbeir pre- sent musical standard is much higher." Perhaps so. but it is largely a question of time and of circumstances. The present awak- ening in Wales in connection with high-class music is of comparatively recent date the country was, and is, still morc or 1es poor 3<5 compared to England it is remote, with a scattered population, and distant from large cities and musical centres that diffuse light and knowledge; and our singers have to master what is to them a foreign tongue when attempt- ing the work of the great composers. Never- theless, they are fairly adept interpreters of many of the chief choral compositions of Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. Mendels- sohn, Spohr, Schubert, and others. that is in respect to competition. That Welsh singers are not better acquainted with more modern works is due, at least in part, to the fact that such works do not lend them- selves so well to purely choral effects, and are not so available trom a publisbing point of view. But concert performances have been given of complete works by Dvorak. Hubert Parry. Mackenzie, Coleridge-Taylor, Ei¿>;ar, ami others—i.e., by various choral bodies, and irrespective of the Cardiff festival programmes. Another writer, who comes out in defence of the Llanelly Choir, points to the fact that they have given performances of Handel's siah," Israel," "Samson," .Tunas Ma-cc-a. bcus," and Acis and Galatea Haydn's Creation Mendels ohns Elijah," St. Paul," Hymn of Praise": and Dvorak's Spectre's Bride." Therefore, Mr Baughan's I query," Why should they not study moic music of the same type (as the Schubert I chorus ?) is a little wide of the mark. It seems necessary to remind some of our English tnends. too, that Llanelly is not the only repre- sentative choir, nor y a. good few. that, Wales j possesses—or even the county of Glamorgan, and adjacent portions of Carmarthen, Brecon, I' and Momnouthshire. In regard to Blackpool, whilst not in any way desiring to disparage the singers of that musical place, the record re- I mains that they have not hitherto succeeded in making a. high mark at the Eisteddfod, al- I though the old institution has had the pleasure of welcoming and providing them with a. fair ¡' field and no favour" upon more than one occasion,
-_.___------Welsh Tit-Bits.…
Welsh Tit-Bits. I' Neil Wrcichion Oddiar yr Eingion By CADRAWD. THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF THESE ISLES, When Cff'sar first visited Britain. The Men of Kent (Caint) he says. were by far the most hums. 10, and their customs differed but little from the Gaulish. Most of the 1 people in the interior, he goes on to say, sowed no grain, but iived on flesh, and I miJk, and wore skins. The former were a society of the Galisb, or Galatic, while the latter were but a degree better than absolute Celts. There arc, some etymologists who derive the word Wales from Gal, or Gwal. signifying the cultivated land—the land cleared of woods. Gwal" means an enclosure—enclosed agri- cultural district-a. field cultivated, in contra- diction to woodland-" cejydd," hence comes gwala "—enough. Digon i wala (quite enough). Enough is supplied by a. tir gwal "—cultivated land. But this word Waies has caused a world of dispute as to its origin. 'Tis said by some to have come from Guala, daughter of Cadwal- adr, the last King of Britain, and wife of Ina, King of the Saxons. Others say it comes from the Dutch or German W alish—said to mean foreigner. Others derive it from Anglo-Saxon Wealth—a. stranger. But the truth seems to be that Wales comes from the Welsh word 0, gal," or gwal "—cultivated, in contra- distinction to Celt. The advent of the Romans—the mighty Romans-here on the 26th and 27th of the month now called August, 55 B.C., when they arrived by a quick passage near Dover, and found the hills and cliffs covered with armed men to meet them they dreaded to land. In this situation Caesar floated at anchor till 3 o'clock p.m., waiting his transport from Calais, and at night pro- ceeded on to the present town of Deal. But the Britons were ready for him there he could not get a quiet landing there. His ships of war were too large to come near shore and the Britons drove the Roman troops into the sea. In the start The Standard Bearer of the 10th Legion threw himself into the sea and made towards the shore. To prevent the disgrace of losing the standard, they made an effort to gain the land, which, through great difficulty, they did. The Roman general then caused his ships of war to he drawn on land, a.nd formed into a naval camp. On the 4th da.y after this invasion, the transports, with the cavalry, came in sight, but the transports were wrecked, the provision ships broke loose, and to make short of a long tale, Iolo Vod" had to quit Britain at 12 o'clock at night without accomplishing anything. He was allowed unmolested embarkation through the good office of the King of Cortois. How- ever, Iojo returned alive to his disgrace of being Obliged to fly ft oaa arrd ftoaHy -'about one hundred ycare after the visit by loto Voel," whom the old Welsh historians understand as Julius Ca?sar, this historians understand as Julius Ca?sar, this island wa<s subjected to the Roman yoke; but not without severe and desperot struggles. The Romans held this country for j about four hundred years and instilled amongst the people their arts, sciences, and language. Many portions of The Old Welsh Poetry are half Latin, half Welsh, and we who speak the Welsh of the present day use numerous I words, according to our greatest scholars, very similar to the Latin. But this is easily ac- counted for as the Romans themselves were first cousins to the Celts. Do we need speak of £ ? a pound, in weight, as all things went by weight-a. shilling— "swilt," "dimai." ceiniog," aur," "arian," "esgryn," '• dlsgyn," "cam," cantor," and a thousand and more of other words. These Romans left the impress of their mighty hands on ainost every corner of our Isle. The remains they left are evidences of their greatness, ior turn we almost where we will we find some traces of them—their arts, or their civilisation. But. after their I occupation of this Island for 400 years, their legions were called home, and this land was abandoned to its own resources. And this is II the darkest period in its history. This island became unknown-it. was lost to the world. I and it continued so almost till the arrival of I the Saxons and Heuglst. who came here as hired allies at first, to keep off from the civi- liscd portion of tin late Roman Empire the I invasions of the Northern hordes. I Mark that these people were hired—" ar leg y daethant yma "-to fight, a,nd they sought for their pay but I suspect, had it not to the full e-tent; so their leader Hecgist stipulated as part payment as much laud as a bull's hide would surround. This was granted, but he. with Saxon cunning, so runs the tale, I cut up the bull's hide into thongs, as thin as possible, and thus surrounded a largo tract- of I land in The Isle of Thanet. This put the hired Saxon's foot first on this land and this story has passed into a kind of proverb for such persons as by obtaining peaceably a. small station wherein to fix their residences, do afterwards avail themselves of it to get a mastery over the country. We have an aceouut of another who established himself in England, except that he used a horse's hide, and it is now gravely related in the East, that the English first obtained their factory in Cal- cutta by the thong of a bull's hide. If this were true. a bul) s hide has served the English to get into some very good places, and to re- gain more than they ever lost by the hide and seek practice. The Saxons, somehow or an- other. got a footing here, and soon amalga- mated with t be eiYililSeù portion of the Romano- Celtic portion of the inhabitants, and finally were comprehended under the title, or term, Llaegrwys." The meaning and derivation given by Dr Pugh of this word is. having a tendency to open or break out, and that again from llo "—what is thr wn out and "eg" —what is open. plain, or clear. The Hon. and Rev Wm Herbert says it is derived from Ho" —a alf, and ehegr "staggoring. i.e.. stag- gering calf. What, a term for the English But he says that it was given in ridicule to thembv the Welsh, because the Welsh were the Bulls of Battle." i.e.. teirw true." We cannot follow the etymology of Llae- grwys further this week, we shall reserve it for the next article. Hockey Day. We are asked the question by a "Faithful Reader." when is Hockey Day. This is the second Tuesday after Easter week. being the day on which the English mastered the Danes. Hockey Day was a term when freeholders re- ceived their rents, etc. (Vide Cardiff Records, Vol. II., page 60.)
[No title]
Indignant Mother: And so lie kissed you three times ? Now, what did you siy to him ?—Artless Daughter: Why. I said "Don't! Htop !"—She did: only it sounded like Don't stop There is a great deal of egotism in the pro- fession," said the leading man. There is," answered Mr Stor:mington Barnes, with a touch of sorrow in his tone. I am astonished o see how many actors appear to think they play Hamlet as well as I do." Row to you sell your eggs, mister said fl lad to a grocer. "Seven for sixpence, my lad." ".Seven for sixpence ?" said the lad "that's six for live pence, ihe for faurppnce. four for threepence, three for twopence, two for a penny, and one for nowt. Aw think I'll I tak' one."
Illustrated Humour, .
Illustrated Humour, His Dilemma, Oh. Tommy, youre to old to cry." "Yes an' I'm too y-y-young tor have w-wot I'm crying fcr." Not Faith But Works. The. Professor in charge of a Princet-own 15,u«s room had been annoyed bv the tardy en- trance of a student. He pointedly ceased talk- ing until the man took his seat. After the ieoture the student apologised. Professor," said he; I- iny watch was* 15 min- utes out of the way. It's bothered me a good deal lately, but after this 1 shall put no more faith in it." It's not faith you want in it." replied the professor, it's works." Over the Table. The Girl Please teU me just where and when a kiss takes place in a game of billiards." The Man Well — er—you see, it depends mostly on circumstaneces and surroundings, and is repeated as often as possible. Force of Habit. What are you in such a great hurry for ?" "I am going to the funeral of my chief, and there is nothing Ite hM like unpunctualily." Absoute Frankness. "I believe in being absolutely frank with everybody," said the aggressive man. v' Well," answered the peaceable, citizen, "I suppose that sort of thing is largely a matter of temperament. If I were as good a hand in a fight as you are maybe I'd be that way too." W Qnt. loax Marriage is ji street car. Hoax How so ? -5 Joax: Some peoplq af-ejust as anxious to get out as others are to got tn. All in a Month. Before marriage I used to dream of life in a fine house with 16 servants." Dreams never come true." "They do partially. We live in a flat in- stead of a house, but we've had the 16 ser- vants." Current Topics. Does your wHo. take any interest in cur- rent, politics ?" asked the earnest woman. No," replied Mr Farmou, she don't. But if it's currant jelly or currant pie, why, I be- lieve she could tell you more things about 'em than you ever dreamt of." He Knew, Little Millie Grand-dad, what, makes a man atwa-vs give a woman a diamond engagement ring? Grandfather: The woman. The Lion and His Tamer. Hewitt I hear that they made a lion of you at the banquet the other night ? Jowitt: Yes, and when I got home I found the lion tamer. Precise Degree of Intimacy; Xal: Young Mr Ke-tel-tlev is away on his vacation, isn't he ? Are you and he on cor- responding terms >an-- Not quite—but we're on picture post- card terms. Distinction--Yet Destruction. Distinction--Yet Destruction. Phrenologist Your bump of destructivenesj is very large. Are you a soldier or a pugilist 'i Subject Neither. I am a furniture re- mover. Subject Neither. I am a furniture re. mover. An Awkward Slip. "You've made a mistake in your papei "said an indignant man entering the editorial sanc- turn of a daily journal. I was one of the competitors at that athletic match yester- day, and you've called me the well-known light-weight champion.' Well. aren't you ?" inquired the editor. Xo, I'm nothing of the kind, and it's con- foundedly awkward, because I'm a coal mer- chant Medical Man Jobson hats done the meanest thing eve;1 I heard of. He came to my house the other night, ate a big dinner, got indiges- tion, and then went to another doctor to be i ion, and then went to another doctor to be cured. Nurse Come indoors at once, Mastci Rich- ard, and be a gbpd boy. You won't go to heaven if you're naughty.—Master Richard I don't want to go to heaven I want to go with pa.
¡TALKS ON HEALTH.
TALKS ON HEALTH. I By DR. ANDREW WILSON. j Disturbed Sleep. The question of disturbed sleep is an iIn. portant one, not merely because of its con- stant occurrence, but because it essentially differs in its nature from the question of sleeplessness itself. One often hears, as a reader of this column recently wrote to me, of people, who. while they know that they sleep the night through, complain nevertheless that their rest has not been of a satisfying and refreshing character. They are apt to waken in the morning tired and wearied, impressed with the feeling as if they had indeed satup half the night. Such nutate of matters, proceeding it may be for weeks or months, is apt to throw the subject thereof into an unsatisfactory state of health. He becomes more or less irritable. and with the nervous irritability engendered by its disturbed rest, there follow other symptoms of ill health consisting of a diges- tive disturbance, and in some cases marked I irritability of the heart, manifested for the most part by recurring an frequent- palpi. tation. Disturbed rest is certainly a condition I which quite as much deserves examination and treatment as sleeplessness itself. I therefore propose in the present article to say something concerning this condition, and to point out likely means for its improvement and relief. Some Causes. As is our usual rule, and following in this way thç dieb,t,s of common -sense, it is necessary first of all to inquire into the pro- bable causes whereby our nightly rest is liable to be disturbed. In the first place the condition itself may be a. result of some other and previous bodily disturbance, Thus. indigestion may be said to be a fre- quent cause of bad nights, and the consum- ing of heavy suppers is another and very frequent cause of our rest being disturbed in the night watches. It is easy to under- stand how food taken too late at night dis- turbs the equilibrium of the brain. Diges- tion. wj should remember, is a process in- volving the passage of a considerable amount of blood to the digestive organs. The stomach in particular is excited to a considerable amount of activity and movement in the act of mixing the food thoroughly as a preparatory step to as much of the digestive process as is effected in that organ. It is obvious, therefore, that the man who goes to bed immediately after a heavy supper is in the position of an individual ODe part of whose economy, the brain, desires complete and satisiying rest, whilst another part of his anatomy, the stomach, is forced, through the foolish habit of supping late, to commence work when it also should be preparing for its nightly rest. It may be said in healthy men the amount' of disturbance of the circula- tion which digestion involves is more than sufficient to cause an erratic action of the hrain. W hat probably occurs is that certain brain centres which are dormant in natural sleep and are so to speak thrown out of gear, are excited to unnusual action, with the result tht sleep disturbance raegiug from fitful periods of repose onwards to bad dreams and nightmare are produced. Yet another cause of disturbed rest may be found in a condition only too frequently represented in the lives of some of us, I allude to the condition of over- fatigue. An over-tired person is much loM likely to enjoy a. good night's rest than a person who has become naturiUly tired after a fair day's work. Injurious Habits. One may also tind an explanation of dis- turbed rest in the abuse of tobacco. A person may smoke to excess for a certain time, but sooner or later, especially if he indulges in a heavy bout of smoking in the latter part of the day, he may find his sleep disturbed through the cumulative effect which tobacco exerts upon the nervous system. Also, out- ward conditions may disturb our rest. Sleep- ing in a strange bed is very frequently a cause of sleeplessness, but cne which as time passes is exchanged for one of perfect repose. The ventilation of the bedroom is another point which should receive attention. Tt is susceptible of scientific proof that air which is impure, and which is loaded with carbonic acid and other waste products from lungs-and skin, affects the brain very directly, seeing that such waste products are apt to be carried by the blood to the brain, thus effect. ing what one might term a species of mild poisoning- Just as certain drags have the effect of producing upon the brain cells cer- tam remarkable mental effects, so waste products contained in impure air appear to exert, a somewhat similar action, and must be included amongst the causes of disturbed rest. Hints Regarding Cure. In stating the causes of disturbed rest, I have practically indicated the cure of this trouble. All the conditions I have men- tioned as likely to produce disturbed rest may. of course, be avoided, and if any case persist despite attention being paid to the points I have indicated, the case then be- comes one for the consideration of the doctor. The probability is that m long standing and stubborn cases some brain condition exists such as demands medical supervision. Such a brain condition does not necessarily imply that anything seriously wrong affects the organ of the mind. Probably, however, some functional trouble exist, such as the doctor alone is qualified to detect and to adjust. Drugs have been used in the case we are dis- cussing, but they mostly partake of the nature of soothers or sleep producers. I have repeat- edly remarked in these articles that such drugs fchould be taken only under the advice of a doctor, but a simple remedy, and one which may certainly be tried in case-, where a sooth- ing influence is required, is represented by 20 grains of bromide of potash, or the same amount of bromide of sodium, dissolved in water and taken at bed time on an empty, stomach. Sometimes young children are affec- i fed with disturbed sleep. In such a case, it I may be added, mothers should be very careful first to ascertain whether or not worms are present, these parasites being a frequent cause I of twitchings during sleep and other signs of disordered rest. About Palpitation. Two communications from readers ask me 'I to devote a paragraph to the subject of pal- pitation by way of enabling them to discover I whether or not this symptom arises from serious disease of the heart or merely from some disturbance of the working of that orga.n. It is a somewhat difficullznatter to ¡ make such a point clear, but it may be said that if palpitation arises directly from heart trouble it will be found to come on slowly and gradually, and bo be of more or less cor.- stant character, whilst alteration of the colour of the skin, and especially of the lips, in the direction of paleness may be found, and in certain cases dropsy of the fe?t and legs will be noted. Furthermore, palpitation of this kind is relieved by rest in bed. and as regards I the sexes we may say that it is more common- ly found in men than in women. On the other ¡' hand. if palpitation arises from other than heart trouble, we may find that it is, in the. first place, inconstant, but very often associ- ated with digestive disturbance. Also, it usu- ally comes on suddenly, and there is an absence I of pallor and palenc-ss of the lips and cheeks, whilst dropsy is not present. While these I general distinctions may be borne in mind, I need hardly point out that it is of great impor- I, tance where any symptoms of this kind per- sist at intervals for any period medical advice should be obtained.
--------_._---Considerate.
Considerate. The Nancy Lee had just arrived in port, when a somewhat youthful-looking Cusroms officer stepped aboard. He did not know that a brother official had been there a few minutes before, and had made a fairly good haul. "Anything to declare?" he asked the bearded skipper. The old salt stared at his visitor for a. mo- ment before replying. Then he laid his hand in a fatherly sort of way on the young man's shoulder, and said,- Yes. my lad, a good deal to declare, but I'd be ashamed o' myself to say it afore a I boy. You ain't old enough to hear just 11 i d like to declare Fare, Please." I The conductor of the tram car approached two well-dressed yonng ladies and remarked, politely Fare, please." First Young Lady (hastily): Let me pay it. First Young Lady (hastily): Let me pay it. Second Young Lady (openinc handbag and I beginning to take out handkerchief, small parcel, ekives and keys): Not for worlds I have some change. And you paid it last, you know. I'm sure I didn't. It was you, don t you remember ? The reason I know is because we were going to Lottie's tea-partv." "011, yes, and 1 wore mv pink frock. But that the last we went out. together. We were going to the matinee, and I am sure you paid the fare." it doesn't make any difference. I'll just pay it again." Conductor (wearily): Fare, ladies. Second Young Lady (indignantly) It doe- make a difference. Do you think I am to let you pay mv fare (>ycl-ywhere ,e go > First Young Lady Don't be silly. Here, I I ha-, e it. Agnes. I shall b downright angry with von in a moment. I shall pay the fare." Conductor I don't care who ays it, bn I don't want to stand here all day. First Young Lady (with dignit y): You are very rude. My uncle is one of the directors of the company, and I shall report your behaviour to him. Here, take this money.* I'm sure you only had to wait a second or two. Second Young Lady Isn't it awful, the impertinence of these people t
! Fashion and Things I Feminine.…
Fashion and Things I Feminine. — By MISS IDA MELLER. A Winter Coat and Skirt Cestume. One of the smartest and cosiest. of modes for the winter is the long coat, which forms, as it j*ere. a double skirt to the costume—thus ren- dered very warm and particularly suitable for travellilij, and for those who are obliged to be about in all weathers. The long costume coat disti et kinds, showing respectively Empire a,nd ordinary waists. Tall women carry off either fn-pe to advantage. partrubrly the long-waisted, tight-fitting coat, which looks very well both in cloth and velveteen, the skirt, of the coat nicely fluted from the waist down- wards. and the upper part arranged with a simple roll-collar that descends in an unbroken line to the bust. Costumes, f:)r instance- aft. the fashion 01 our full-length illustration, the original coat and skirt being pf a navy blue cloth, trimmed with black braid, and n Prus- sian collar of ast-rachan. Regarding hets. thosp (If binckedii-it with bowed brims and trimmings of feathers of the new lmshy kind, arc prime favourites, and others tll-it share honours are those with brims rolled Vwk slightly in front-, and trimmed, perhaps, witb quills and big bows of velvet. A binding of velvet is a great improvement to a feit hat, and gives importance to the millinery. A Velveteen Blouse. With Christmas so near upon us a question that concerns a great many is what to wear fo" coming family gatherings and other friendlv meetings A dress of taffetas Silk or velveteen will assuredlv prove of the utmost service— china -blue taffetas, checked or otherwise, and green or golden brown velveteen, suggesting themselves as eminently desirable for the pur- pose, The bodices might advisedlv be of the pinafore or kimono type, or of the blouse order, and «s regards the latter, a velveteen mode! worth copying is skekhed herewith. i he blouse is cut low at the neck, and fille-i in with a vest of spotted net. of which, also, the tight-fitting cuffs or undersleeves are com- posed a band of guipure trims the neck. and is finished with a tie or scarf of Trpp d" ehine, and the sleeves terminate at the elbows with j bands of guipure. The blouse might, of course, I be worn with a cloth or cashmere skirt, or, again, it might be made of taffetas silk or soft satin. It is. however extremely oretty carried out in nil turquoise-blue velvet or j velveteen with guipure lace of anold"mei- j low" tone. Another blouse, also of velvet, worth mentioning is pleated on the shoulders. the fronts falling in almost straight lines I thence to the waist, and opening over a waist- j coat of embroidered lace, the sleeves in this instance being puffed to the elbows, and con- cluding with bands of lace matching the waist- coat, which, I should add, is cut out at, the neck I to a small point and filled in with plain net ( attached to a high collar band of the ate. j A Simple Evening Bodice. j For evening festivities, when a decollete bodice ib required, our remaining ak teh may prove of service, as offering a suggestion on bow to make up soft silk or satin in a simple, i effective fashion. The bodice ie cut. in the first instance, with extra wide and these are turned back to form natural deep lapels, faced with their own material, Pl_r,. j broidert d in pearls or tiny paillettes. A j charming scheme is pale pink Oriental satiii. embroidered lightly with golden paillettes. Af I the bust is a chou df satin, and above it- a small chemisette of pink or white chiffon headed by a ev banti of lace, while the puffed sleeves are ar- I ranged with bracelets of lace or paiiletted satin. Should there not be sufficient of the dress material to make the sleeves, these latter might be made of pink or white chiffon, agree- ing with the chemisette. The bodice shoull, of course, be 01 the skirt material. Mincemeat. The season has come round again when j minccment-making i& being discussed and j recipes for the same are hunted up. The I I- 1 lowing is recommended as excellent, end I the young housekeeper with au eye to Chtristmas fare may care to jot it down in her notebook. Take one pound each of suet, currants, stone! rais*ns, I and sugar, two largo apples, one lemon, a quar- ter of a pound of candied peel, haif a nutmeg, a quarter of a pound of bread crumbs, a pinch of salt, and one gill of cooking brandy or rum. Peel, core, and chop the apples, grate the rind j of the lemon ta'so the nutmeg), suueeze cut the juice, and chop up the suet, and raisin*, Mix all together with a wooden \spoon. and | siueexe the whole with the hand until thoroughly incorporated. Put up the mince- meat in pots and tic down with brandy paper, j
i WELSH GLEANINGS. I1\;'
i WELSH GLEANINGS. 1\ News and Views in Lighter Vein. Canon Camber- Williams, who has beej appointed to teie living of the collegiate town j of Lampeter, was a feiiow pupil of Mr D. Lioyd George at the Llanysiumdwy National School. Two orphan children. inmates of ths Carnarvon Workhouse, 11; won f-cholarship" for entrance in county school in zbM town. Tii-re is no calamity cut a compensat- ing accompaniment. A Penarrh lady, whec ondolcd with after a motor accident, sard that, After ail, motor accidents are eulv ia.oh.iQn- j able." i Such progress is being made- with the con- struction of the King's Dock at Swansea that the lock is expccted to be finished next week. There arc now 1,(0) men engaged on the wor^. A sad and weary v.omar, at ergavenny who has a hushaxid with a will cf his own told by a neighbour that shi- hoped cr ^stronger half would seek divine guidance bE" fore eiXibariipg CD.3. ccrtain venture. You do not know our was th reply. He viil not be (iictaied to by enrjody. j Merthyr hold; the unenviable position of being at th top of t b list of the Itegistrar- Geueral's last return 01 death-rates, viz., 2&'& per 1,000, the average for England and Wales being Here is a prooiem that j zealous new members of the newest Corpora- tion may tackl. with all 111- energy they possess. The Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society and Field Club, of which Sir John WiLua s, Bart., is the president, are arranging or a conversazione and exhibition ot antiquities, let be held at the Assembly Room, Carmarthen, in December. In addition an address oa Earth works in Carns ar: iienshire will be Ea.rtl1 works in Carns ar: iienshire will be given by Mr D. Clediyn Evan-, F.G.S., to be t lollowed by music and short spoeches. I At the annual dinner o the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, t o be hold a rort- I wght hence at the Hotel oletropoie, Principal Sir John Rhys, the chairman of the Council, is to preside. The guests of the socicty thh> year will be Dr. Douglas Hyde (the author 01 A Literary History of Ireland," The Love Sor-g? and the Religious Song* of Connacht," etc. and ourdistinguished teiiow countryman, Mr W. Goscombe Jobn. A.R.A. Dyicd. the Archdruid, is very anxious that the Llangollen Eistedaiod should be a financial success. Having been consulted by the local committee a.- to the best methods to adopt, he has strongly advised them not k attempt a great pepeant. and to make the Eisteddfod a thoroughly Welsh festival. They should, lie thinks, follow the example of Fosiriniog and provide a suitable In-t not a huge pavilion. In 150. when the lat e Sir Ai-timr Kekewich —he was not a High Court judge then—sought to enter Parliament, he contested Coventry i- ■ the Conservative interest. H is interestisag to. recall that one of his opponents on that occa- sion was 'he late- Sir Henry blather Ja-cksoa.. the father of the present baronet. 5.r Henry as a Liberal was returned at tue head of hso poll, Sir Arthur taking fourth position. A has been thrown on an illtn. esting Biblical subject. Pharaoh, who ruled r Egypt when the Israelites departed from sujftVed from too-thaenc. Aft t'gyvtoj who minutely A&amlned the mumr-iy enh, JCr Tbaf' hid f thst when Phasec>le's teeth i b«si thev ere very hfi. Feu remain, and are aye-i. Tbey are full of cavities in which espesad ne-tes must Lav* Throbbed throwing Fgrp'-i ruler into savage temper, just tha. of mind in despot would order his slaves to make brick? withcut straw or to build a pyramid. Mr H. G. C. AFgood Cardiff's Liberal sgaot,. finds relaxation from politics in literature and history. As a lecturer, his reputation is established, and now his incursions into thF realms of historical research have brought liins distinction. Last week, on. the nomination oi Mr Hilton Price, cf Coutt's Bank. Mr A!Jg,)o&" was elected a member of the Royal A?-eha?.o- log'.eal Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, which concerns itself with matters historical and issues a quarterly magazine and othpf publications. It is understood-that this dis- tinction has been conferred upoa Mr APgooc principally in recognition of his al history of Bethnal Green, and his historical notes on Llantarnam Abbey.. Mr Lloyd George seems to gain in popularity each day. Llanybyther Station has -Ions suffered from the want of proper loading accommodation, and petitions to the railway company had been futile. The other dav, bo."er,a. well-known dealer became annorea whilst loading some live stock, ant hixrryinj home wrote a letter to the Prtsidentof the Board of Trade calling attention to the reo quired improvement Within a space d" three clear days there appeared on the platform at LJanyhythep an inspector from the Board o4 Agriculture, aud it, is stated that the insnectior will result in the desirpd improvements being carried out without further delay. The Rev. Mardy Rces, üf Chelsea., who h-x been lecturing 011 the subject 01. Fbene^er Jones, the n c glee ted poet." has now published an interesting littie pamphlet ginngthe result of his researches. for Jones lived in Chelsea ctied at- 40 in 1850. and at Shenfield, Mr describes him as a Web^hman, and as k his claims to fame. Watts Duntem h is written thatamong men who have expressed them- selves in English I great ly doubt whethei a more robust personality has appeared since Bvron," Dante Gabriel Rosetti. knew Jone-s well, once said. This remarkable poet affords nearly the most striking instance ot neglected genius in our modern school ot poetry." Some very beautiful specimens of Jones's verse arc included in the pamphlet,bnt» unfortunately many of the pocts maIluscrinU were consignto the flame* by the poet him- self shortly belore his death Ebenezer Jone- was the thirl child and son oi Robert Jonea. and was born at :anonbury-square. Islington in 18G. But how does Mr Mardy Rets con. ucct him with Wala- ? Father Ignatius. Rev. J. Leicester Lyric, better known at Father Ignatius, was 70 years of age on hG,tu1" day. He was ordained in I860, and held severai ceracies. In 1S70 lie fouiHte-i Llanthoil;, Abbey, and, in 1898 was ordained to the priest- in the Abbey Churclu The Rev. Father abhors the spirit of rationalism v,hich i> spread- ing in England, but in his own word* "h> remains in loyal, though hy communicates with the English Cinrch." Influence of Pulpit and Press. A corresp'>ndeut writes :—' 1. w as in Aber- dare on Friday evening, a wet. miserable night: and drifted out, of the rain into a coffee tavern, where a cosy fire and a cup of tea provee welcome. Put wA-5 astonished at tht different conditions of thp times since tht eighties, when young collieqfe would perambu- late the streets afte" a up.' in thr humour to make merry, and indulge heavily it. drink. Here was a contrast; in came decently- clad .collier, who was in his seeoad best, aad calling lor a eup of ten took out a eig-ire*sc. indulged himself rationally, chatting tho while a id then made for the free library. I fcnvt known days in A herd arc when a certain medica,' student would go into a place frequented bv colliers, treat them freely, and then be dehghteo with a free in which he would tnf ar, active part. The medical student fell Delhi. -Colliers now abound more than eve; but the pulpit, and the Press nnd bitter ex- perienee hav<- d.n^ thei* pa-t. and the leisvLTv hour of t-ne colli- is "1()\\ happy one
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--T-+- Conceited Actor What do you ihirk « cinematograph man has taken a series views of me on the .,t ngc. and now I can s-* myself act. < Vi- >e Ah, now you understand wktt wv have to put up Willi.