The Cardiff Times

SUNCLAD TOBACCO IS the Best. I Try It.

MUSIC IN WALES. By D. EMLYN EVANS. RAGGED WELSH. Sorce correspondence has recently appeared in a Welsh paper regarding the unnecessary use of English words and words crudely coined out of English by ministers of religion, and who, it is pointed out, are expected to set an example of good taste and purity in language, as in other matt el's. One gentleman hailing from South Wales, and he a college graduate, is rPDorted to have introduced scores of these in the course of an address delivered lately, a-nongst them Iwin such concoctions as shario," hoot,io." registro," and others for which any ordinarily educated Welshman could produce quite satisfactory equivalents, e.g. "facts." wrong," "crowd," &c.. &c. But it must not be supposed that they of South AVales are the sole sinners in this matter, for an instance is given of a sermon preached b little while ago in the Vale of Conway—the classic lancl of leuan Glan Geirionydd, Trebor Mai, Scorpion, Gwilyra Cowlyd, and others, when the speaker apparently revelled in his knowledge of Saxon, from which he evolved mch terms as sproutio," leicio." landio." and so forth, almost ad infinitum, and phrases like to be blessed yn dragywydd," and J. gwneud soil ein natur yn rich igjnyrchu rr)piai-i o teddyliau." The introduction of I foreign expressions is again purely gratuitous in these eases, as Welsh synonyms under- Vfcanded of the people arc available for each and all. We are not immediately concerned here with the 1 mguage of the pulpit. except in so far as It helps us in pointing a moral in connection with the general subject matter discussed in this column. And Welsh musicians, as a body, are not by any means without reproach in re- gard to the question of cultured speech of purity of language. Of course there are words and terms in connection with music, as with theology, that. if not untranslatable. are best used in their. practically speaking. original form. Indeed, it may be more Especially so in the art and science of music, because of the many Latin or Italian terms hich are in use from olden times, and which are understood generally in that guise by the musicians of all civilised nations. But in the quite needless and frequent employment, of English terms, faulty spelling, when writing, and pronunciation when speaking, and in their diction generally, many of our younger musicians have much to learn and unlearn. We have already fallen off greatly from the high literary standard attained by leuan Gwyllt and others of his time, as well as some of those who became their immediate successors. Thus, with but a limited and an imperfect knowledge of English, we are in danger of pro- ducing a school of musicians who can neither ppeak nor write correctly in either Welsh or English. We have probably qtioted from the late Marquis of But<qmemorable speech at the Rational Eisteddfod, Cardiff, 1883, on previous occasions. But the quotation will bear re- peating again and again. I would urge you," said the departed nobleman, to cling to the language of your fathers, and to seek through it the development of literary power and in- tellectual culture. For a man to speak Welsh, and willingly not to be able to read 1tnd write it, is to confess himself a boor." And nut little better, as we would fain add. is the man who remains content to be unable to read and write and speak it properly. The Death of Grieg. By the passing away of Edward Grieg the musical world has lost one of its most gifted -'lerabers and interesting personalities. This ;,Teat Norwegian < omposer—but. who was of Scottish descent—and who is recognised as the tnost eminent Sea ndinavian musician that hao existed, has demonstrated what wealth there is hidden in folk-song when treated by the inspired hand of genius and that a large canvass is not by any means necessary to establish the superiority and greatness of the production. "Grieg." says one writer, has enshrined the characteristics of Scandinavian rnusic in works of undying beauty, though for the most part of somewhat small calibre and his songs may be said to be always the more spontaneous the more closely they conform to the simple modet of the Volkslied." Perhaps Grieg is best known to the ordinary concert.. goer in this country by his incidental music to Ibsen's play, Peer Gynt." He breathed his last at Bergen, the place where he was born 64 years ago, and where he had spent the greater part of his life although the cold climate of his native land compelled him to reside in warmer countries during certain seasons of the year. The folk-songs of Wales arc also awaiting the time of their further en- franchisement They have been pretty liber- ally treated for the piano, the harp, and the voice—simple and concerted—but have been scarcely touched in the direction of the higher orchestra,1 forms. They lie in readiness for the roming of the Welsh Grieg for here, as in the case of Welsh musical literary work, what re- mains to be accomplished must be done, if done at all, by those who have sprung from the soil, and are in full accord with the national aspirations. An Eminent Flute-Player. The death is also announced of Henry Nic- holson, one of the ablest flautists of his day, a day. however, that takes us far back for whereas in 1846 Grieg was but an infant, in that year Henry Nicholson took part in the first performance of Mendelssohn's Elijah at Birmingham, the master himself conducting. Henry's brother Alfred, a fine oboe player, was also a member of the band upon that historic occasion both being members of the Birming- ham Festival Orchestra for many years, and generally found among the different festival orchestras of note. Like Grieg, Henry Nichol- son too died in his native place, where he was born 83 years ago. He was a personal friend of Sims Reeves, Irving, Toole, and Mr Santlev and was conductor of the late Duke of Rut- tend's private orchestra. The flute is not one of the Welsh national instruments neverthe- less. some of the most eminent flautists of our own times hail from the Principality.

Unrewarded. The old man looked in silence for a moment at his visitor. Then he said' So you want my daughter ?" That's so," replied the young man. I imagine you haven t much to offer her except love," suggested the old man. And not much of that" was the careless reply- The old man looked startled. '• I was quite prepared to look upon you as an avowed fortune-hunter," he said. Oh, I'm not to blame," answered the young man. I don't care anything for money myself. I'm not what you tfould call a mer- cenary man." But in this case you admit I'm simply trying to do the proper thing," interrupted the young man. Father says he has supported me long enough, and that it's time for me tu do something for myself, and I myself think he's right about it." And you dare say that to me," exclaimed the old man angrily. "Why, my dear sir, there's nothing to get excited about," responded the other coolly. co Would you have me continue to be a burden t. him when he has requested me to do some- thing for myself ? Then there is another fea- ture to be considered, too." What is that asked the old man, com- pletely overcome by his visitor's impudence. Why, something is due to my creditors. They ha-ve really been very considerate, and have waited so patiently, that I feel I ought to try to do something for them. That-is why-" But his frankness was unrewarded. Have you congratulated our hostess on he birthday ?" No," answered Mis.s Cayenne I have condoled with her." Why is the crew of the Lusitania like a per. son conversing with -t deaf person ?—Because both hear a lot of Watt's (whats). I have come, madam, to tp 'ke your gas- ^leter out." I am glad to hear it. for it's done nothing since it's been here but take me n." My luck's dead out," soliloquised the gentleman who had just been arrested for Packet-picking. On'v yesterday I 'ad me air cut, a sheer waste of thrippence." frs Ath Lete I'll have to get some new golf eostumes. I'm very short on golf skirts this Bprmg.-llcr Husband Last year the golf skirts were very short on you. t V -'vi

Welsh Tit-Bits. Neu Wreichien Oddiar yr Eingion By CADRAWD. DUTIES ON WINDOWS. Eighty years ago, every dwelling-house, cottage, or tenement of whatever description occupied at the time of making the assess- ment, if containing more than seven windows. were assessed, and the occupier charged ac- cording to a prepared table, with numbers of windows, from 8 up to 180, and the duty per house according to the number of windows it contained per year. As the number of windows rose, the duty per additional window in- creased. The window tax on a house with eight windows was 16s 6d., but the occupier of a house containing double that number had to pay JE3 18s 6d but again if that number were doubled, the duty on 32 windows came to £10 4s 9d. When I was a lad I remember hearing the old people speaking of the Gnoll, near Neath, as a great wonder to be seen, and having-as many windows as there were days in the year. That being so, Mr Grant, who was living at Gnoll at the time I am speaking of, paid 159 18s 6d window tax. No window or light in any dwelling-house was exempt, from duty by reason of its being stopped up. unless it was effectually done by stone or brick, or with some kind of materials whereof that part of the outside wall chiefly consist on the other hand, the law guarded against any window or lights being opened o made after the assessment without due notice be given to the surveyor of the district. This law will account for so many windows in respectable old dwel- lings all over the country having been wall-id up. The inhabited house duty at this time was much heavier than it is at present, and charged on houses with rent from ilO to jE39 at Is 6d in the iE, and houses with rents from X40 and upwards at 2s lOd. The duty on male servants employed as grooms, stewards, cooks, gardeners, huntsmen, &c., was to a bachelor almost double that charged to married people. Another duty which was imposed in the reign of the Georges, was that on hair powder. Any person who used or wore any hair-powder about his dress, by whatever name it was dis- tinguished. was liable to a tax of f.1 3s 6d. Unmarried daughters of a person having more than two, and returning the whole number, and paying twice the above duty, were not charged. These matters sound to our ears very strange, and to be a gentleman and live up to such calling in days gone by, cost money. The poor people at that time went free, but for the reason that they had nothing to their name but their poverty. Mountain Ash. The berries of the mountain ash dried and re- duced to powder yield a spirit. Infused in water, they make an acid drink, something not unlike perry. Evelyn tells us that ale and beer brewed with these berries, being ripe, is an incomparable drink (familiar in Wales at one time, and where the mountain ash was repu- ted so sacred), that there was no church- yard without one of these trees growing in it. On a certain day in the year in olden times, everybody religiously wore a cross made of this wood, and the tree is reputed to be a pre- servative against fascination and evil spirits, whence, perhaps, it is called by the English witchen "the bows being stuck about the house, or the wood used for walking-staves. The wood of the mountain ash was considered next to that of the yew for making bows. There are ma.ny place-names in Wales called after ttvp .i, October Yd-i^ref"—Harvest Home. Some of the grea4;est battles in history have taken place in this month—Neville Cross, 17th, 1346 Agincourt, 25th, 1415 second battle of Newbury, 27th, 1644 Yorktown, 19th. 1781 Trafalgar, 21st, 1805 Camperdown, 11th, 1797 bombardment of Sebastopol, battle of Bala- clava., 17th to 25th. of 1854. Ffeirad, Coeh yr Ystrad. Our readers will remember that we have on more than one occasion called attention to the above notable c haracter, and have recorded some of his idiosyncrasies. I am sure the fol- lowing, which I picked up the other day, will be appreciated; One Sunday night. v hen returning home on horseback after serving at the church of Glvncorrwg, for lie held both the livings of Glyncorrwg and V stradyfodwg, there came on a fearful storm of wind, lightning, rain and thunder. A sudden gust of wind. sweeping up the valley, blew off. his hat and wig. He stopped his horse, and in searching for his hat, there appeared a sudden flash of lightning, making all clear as noonday, and he found his hat in a pool of water by the roadside. Stand- ing with his head uncovered in the wind, and holding his hat in his hand, though the rain was pouring, he shouted out in Welsh with a loud voice- "0 Dduwfflachid vto, i ga,l gafal yn y wig." (0 God another flash, to get hold of the wig). Item. The Pai-leof Llantarna-m, Monmouthshire, is called in Welsh "Ton y Groes." In collo- quial Welsh, the old people call the parish, Llanfihangel-Fynachlog," from there once having been a monastery there—founded in 1175 by Hywel ap lorwert.b. Lord of Caerlleon- ar-W ysg. Welsh Waterfalls. r have only been able to ascertain the location of one waterfall in the county of Monmouth- shire, which is called Clvdach Falls." rtbout three miles from Abergavenny. Glamorgan- shire has a good many of them, called in differ- ent localities by different suggestive names, such as Sewd.' Berw," and" PistvlI." There are two brooks, one in the neighbour- hood of Tondu called Nant-pwll-is-bwll," and the other a tributary of the Thaw, called Nant-y-Stepsa," both of which, as their IJamCS imply, have several falls. There is both in Monmouthshire and Glam- organshire a "Nant-mwth." which means rapid. The old Welsh word mwth for j swift, rapid, nimble, quick, or speedy, is now obsolete. We only meet with it in dictionaries and in old Welsh, such as "marchog tuwth," —a nimble horseman meirch mythion fleet horses. There are very many brooks, some in almost every county in W ales, called nant-v-moch," which must be a corruption of nant moch," which means the same thing as nant mwth." as the word in the following old proverb will show, Moch dysg nawf mab hwyad." (Swift will the young of a duck learn to swim). The right meaning of the word much" can only be distinguished by the symbol over the o," the short sound of o in moch (swift), and the long in moch," which signi- fies swine—pigs.

A Story tf Raphael. Raphael, the great Italian painter, whose celebrated Biblical pictures are worth fabu- lous sums of money, WAS not a rich man when young. He encountered some of the vicissi- tudes of life, like many another genius. Once when travelling he put up at an inn, and re- mained there unable to get away through lack of funds to settle his bill. The landlord grew suspicious that such was the case, and his re- quests for a-settlement grew more and more pressing Finally young Raphael m despera- tion resorted to the following design He carefully painted upon a table top in his room a number of gold coins, and, placing the table in a certain light that gave a start- ling effect, he packed his few belongings and summoned his host. There," he exclaimed with a lordly wave of his hand towards the table, is enough to settle my bill and more. Now kindly show the way to the door." The innkeeper, with many smiles and bows. ushered his guest out, and then hastened back to gather up his gold. His rage and conster- nation when he discovered the fraud knew no bounds until a wealthy English traveller, re- cognising the value of the art put in the work, gladly paid him £50 for the table. Boy (reading) She threw herself into the river. Her husband, horror-stricken, rushed to the bank-Teacher (cutting in) Why did the husband rush to the bank ?-Boys Please, sir, to get the insurance money,

Fashion and Things Feminine. By MISS IDA MELLER. I An Autumn Costume. Remnants are synonymous with bargains, and a weekly attraction at certain drapery houses is remnant day—a small edition of the bi-annual sale. But remnants and other bar- bains prove dear in the end if they are bought haphazard, for, to turn them to account, it often means that a considerable sum of money must be spent on trimmings or materials to eke out stuff, and it is better, therefore, to consider beforehand for what purpose you want the remnants rather than buy them, however cheap they may I JO, with a- view to putting them by and findmg out later on for whr-t. pur- pose they 111-1, be utilised. A skirt-length o cloth or tweed is a1 ways useful provided the colour is quiet, and a length of phid home- spun, sufficient for a skirt, though not for. a coat as well. may, while prevailing fashions last, prove very smart and useful, for cs mode that receives encouragement is the plaid skirt accompanied by a short coat of pIn in cloth in the prevailing colour of the tartan, which should be dark blue or green. CP. for instance, the castume sketched, which illustrates the vogue alluded to. The skirt is kilted, and the coat is made in the plainest manner, and finished with a single line of stitching down the fronts, which are rounded at the corners, and velvet facings to the collar and cuffs. Coat and skirt present a contrast not- only by reason of difference of material, but also from the point of style, the skirt having an abundance of pleats, while the coat is devoid of even the sma nest tuck, and is absolutely plain and tight-fitting. A Smart Plaid Coat. Another fashionable type of mixed cos- tume reverses the order of things ns shown in the full length sketch, and is made wit,h a skirt of plain cloth and smart little coat of plaid material--cloth or velvet, preferably. Consi- dering the season., on which we have entered," plaid velvet may be recommended for the coat, which, if made after the fashion of the model sketched, etits into very little material. The fronts are cut up in a rather novel manner at the waist, and are short, and the revers are added to the coat —not cut in one with it— wherefore the pattern i? an economical one, more especially as the fronts are very narrow, failing to meet in the centre, and, again, tie sleeves arc of the most modest design, if mad of velvet the collar, cuffs, and h:gli belt should be of cloth matching the skirt; but if the coat is of cloth, the little etceteras should be of plain velvet. White or tan-coloured cloth is suitable for the waistcoat. With plaids, black astrachan invariably looks well, and, for the winter, the coat-collar and cuffs might advisedly be ot this handsome curly fur, or of astrachan cloth, which is inexpensive and looks very well made up as short coats. A fur coat of one sort or another is one of the most useful of winter wraps, wearing well, if the fur is of good quality, present ing a handsome appearance, and proving cheap in the end, adapting itself to all skirts, and, in the case of brown and black furs, resisting weather. Stains on Finger Nails. To remove stains and decolourations of the finger-nails, a little lemon-juice, or vinegar and water, is recommended. Should this fail, a pinch of salt should be applied. Occasionally, pumice-stone or powdered cuttle-fish, may be used together with waver and a piece of wash- leather or flannel. The practice of scraping the surface, of the nail with a penknife is highly injurious. » Blows on the nails, or violence to them in any form. will distort and mark them. To Strengthen the Eyes. To strengthen the eyes and relieve them when fatigued, nothing excels the simple plan of bathing them with water, at first tepid and afterwards gradually lowered in temperature to absolute coldness. The common habit of rubbing the eyes with the fingers when drowsy is a bad one, and is said to hasten the arrival of the time when spectacles bocomc necessary. Home Hints. To mend torn window blinds, take a piece uf the same materiaL and dip it into very stiff st,arch; place it over the bole or worn part. and press it immediately with a very hot iron.' This is more effectual than sewing, as needle and thread are apt to tear the material. Paraffin is an excellent cleaner. A few drops on flannel will off the marks left by hot water in a bath, and will also clean white paint. If the sink he lined with zinc, par-affin. will be found the best and easier cleanser. Paraffin rags, if kept for a while, are excellent fire- lighters, but they should not on any account he used wet. Fiannelette for blouses or children's frocks looks nicer and keeps clean longer if starched before being ironed. Haddock Souffle. An inexpensive and tasty dish can be made as follows :—Take a good-sized fresh haddock, remove the skin and bones, and make some stock from them. Make a thick sauce with loz of butter. 2ozs of flour, half pint of ftsh stock and milk mixed (or of milk only, if preferred) melting the butter and flour to. gether, adding the liquid, and boiling all well. Chop llh of the fish finely, and pound it in a mortar then add the sauce by degrees, and pound well, together till reduced to a, pulp which pass through a clean wire sieve. Season highly with pepper, salt and cayenne, and stir in the well-whipped yolks of three eggs. Whip the whites of the eggs very stiffly and stir them lightly into the mixture. Butter a fire- proof (1sh and turn in the mixture and bake it in a moderate oven for 20 or 30 minutes. Serve at once when well risen and slighlty browned.

Miss Passe You ask me to marry you. Can't you see my answer, in my face ? The Hon. Algernon (absently) Ye.s,'its very plain. The smallest inhabited island in the world is that on which the Eddystone Lighthouse stands. At low water it is 50 feet in diameter. Marks Say, old man, did I ever tell you about the awful fright I got on my wedding day ? Parks S-Il No man should speak like that aboutlus wife. -f'P

Lawn Renovation. Bare places in Lawns may be advantageously patched with turfs wjiere suitable ones can be obtained free from weedy growths. This is not easy to ensure, as many Lawn makers and re- pairers know to thclcr sorrow. Most of the weeds which give so jpmeh trouble on Lawns tiller out and spread from their roots, propa- gating and multiplying more in this way even than by seeding. To introduce a patch of weedy turf is, tnerefore, to introduce future trouble. In using seeds it is possible to avoid this danger. Of recent yer,rs the production of pure G-vass seeds hafetbeen carried very closely near perfection. he villagers of South Germany, who make q, profession of seed grow ing, form themselves into corporations or guilds, and confine a community to the pro- duction of a single kid of seed. In this way they can keep their lds and patches very clean and free from inoculation of mixed seeds. Machinery of remarkable character is used to remove accidental impurities after the seeds are harvested. Finally the German and Swiss Governments have established local stations for seed-testing under the control of highly- skilled experts..By this combination of ad- vantages the British seed merchant of to-day has an opportunity which was not available to his predecessors. He can make sure of ob- taining reliable Grass seeds for his clients, who are wise enough to be willing to pav a fair price for pure quality. Winctew Boxes. In gardens where a duplicate set of boxes are maintained, those intended for use during the winter should nowbe planted. As in the case of the boxes used for a summer display, the soil employed should be of good quality. Where brightness is desired it is not wise to rely too much on the various flowering plants which are used for spring bedding, for even under the most favourable' conditions there is always a considerable period before their flowering commences. Greater use should he made of shrubs which have golden and silver variegated foliage, such as well-grown dwarf plants of Hollies, Euonymus, Conifers, Vincas, and h-ies. Spring-flowering bulbs may be interspersed with these, and, after they have flowered, be removed without greatly disar- ranging the box. There will also be room for a few plants of Wall-flower and Primrose. A small plot in the rejerve garden should lie planted with various, successional plants, so that as the earlier subjects finish flowering they may be at once re-placed. These winter win- dow-boxes should not be placed in position until, through frost or other cause, the plants in the summer boxes are injured and need re- moval. Propagating Shrubs. Most of the hardier species of shrubs may be readily propagated from cuttings, inFerted out of doors at any time from the present "ate until the end of the autumn. A bed of suitable size should be prepaid for their reception; the soil should have incorporated with it suffi- cient leaf-soil and gnLjto form a suitable root- ing medium. Aftei'^fc £ 'ng the ground firm, sftathnr' -trenches; 4iisrer Sin. d<xtp,-«houi^ be made with the keeping one side pexpeo- i dicular, so that the cuttings may be easily kept erect. A common mistake is that the cuttings are made ton short from Tin. to 9in. is A suitable length. Even in the case of shrubs which have small leaves, the cuttings should be allowed plenty of room between them, and sufficient space shouid be left between the rows to allow the hoe to be freely worked. Trea.d. the soil about the cuttings to make it firm a. layer of fine soil spread over the bed will assist in keeping the cuttings firm, nd prevent the frost from penetrating to the base of the cuttings. Deciduous subjects, inctading CataJpa, Paulownia, and EoeJreuteria root rfiadily if cuttings are taken in Januarv or February, inserted deeply in soil of an open texture, in 6-inch pots, and plunged over-a brisk bottom heat. Violets for Market. Many growers have plants of these in the open which are intended for winter flowering, says a writer in the Fruit Grower." These must all be gone over at once and have the runners, which are now being pushed out in great numbers, removed. Where the stock of any variety is large enough, these may, of course, be thrown away, but in the case of any variety such as Kaiser Wilhelm, ,very runner may be made to produce stock. These should be cut off in the usual way under a joint and have the point also taken off and be pricked into boxes in light soil firmly. These boxes when full may be put into a cold frame and be kept close in warm situations, or be put into frames which are stood on a 12in. hot-bed for a little bottom heat. Where this course is taken the plants should be kept as hard as possible as soon as rooting has been accom- plished. They will winter well in well-ven- tila.ted cold frames, or in empty tomato houses, or peach houses that are at rest. Such stuff, planted out in April, will be very good for stock purposes, but will not flower quite so early as spring-the propagated stuff. Apples. The Apple crop generally is small, and extra care should be taken in harvesting and storing this fruit, for Apples will be very valuable during the coming winter and early spring months. Birds are persistent in their attacks on tliii fruit, especially early ripening varieties and those that have a soft flesh, such as Eck- linville Seedling, Pott's Seedling, Wealthy, Emperor Alexander, &e. The soun 1 fruits should be placed in the fruit room, and those not likely to keep well should be consumed first. Any fallen fruits that are infested with maggots should be collected, smashed, and buried in a deep trench, or be burnt on the garden fire. This will destroy many of the grubs of this pest. Devonshire Quarrenden, Wor- cester Pearmain, Colonel Vaughan, Lady Sude- ley. September Beauty, and King Harry are suitable varieties for dessert purposes at this date. Apples intended for keeping will require to be sufficiently matured, and should not be gathered until they will part easily from the tree. French Beans. Plants which are nicely in bearing should be protected with covering material each night, says the Gardeners' Chronicle," for there can no longer be any certainty that frost will not occur. Therefore, it is imperative to make the necessary provision for affording protection in order that the crop, which might other- wise be lost in a single night, may be preserved for some considerable time to come. Cold frames containing licans should now be kept closed, except in the hottest part of the day, when, sufficient air may be admitted to keep the Beans from damping. If a little heat can be applied, this would now prove a great bene- fit. Where it is intended to maintain a supply of French and Butter Beans throughout the winter, sowings in pots must be made at fre- quent intervals. Forthe present the pots may be placed outside or in a cold frame but they will require to be removed to a warm house as the season advances and the days get shorter. Parsley. Where it is necessary to afford shelter to Parsley throughout the winter, it will be well to lift some of the plants raised from sowings made in July, and plant them out in unheated frames, keeping the lights off until severe weather sets in. and protection becomes neces- sary. The plants will then grow strong and hardv, and if air be afterwards admitted "freely on every favourable opportunity, the plants will be less likely to s-tiffer from damping. Cabbages. The main batch wiil now be ready for plant- ing, and, provided the ground has already been well prepared, and it has received a good dress. ing of lime and a little potash or wood-ashes. the work of planting should be carried out at the first opportunity, and during showery weather, it this is possible. C, round that has produced a crop of Peas would be very suit- able for the Cabbages. Should the soil be dry, let the drills be given a good soaking with water, the day before the planting is com- menced, rather than apply water afterwards. The drills should be drawn at distances of from 15in. to 18in. apart, according to the different varieties grown, and the plants may he put out at distance-! of from 1ft. to 15in. in the rows. Previous to making the main plantation select a good proportion of the forward plants for planting on a warm border, that they mav come in a little in advance of the bulk this little attention is well worth the trouble, as a few small early Cabbages are greatly appre- ciated when thev first afgeab

Illustrated Humour. Proof Positive. Effie But. papa. how do you know that it was a stork that brought us the new baby ? Papa Eeeause. mv dear, I just saw his bill." Supplied. I want some don't-know-what-vou-may- call-it," said the facetious man in the erocer's shop. il Here you are. sir." replied the grocer handing him a sample of American tinned beef. Too Many Friends. A good-natured fellow.ho was nearly ('¡¡I en out. of his house and home by the constant visits of his friends, was complaining bitterly one day of his numerous visitors. Shure, and I'll tell you how to get rid of them," said an Irishman. Pray, how ? Lend money to the poor ones. and borrow money of the rich ones. and nayther sort will ever trouble you agin." Caustic Criticism. Bystander Should you say that picture was taken from life. Critic 1 don't know but the world wouldn't suffer if the artist was. Very Dangerous Things. The teacher had been telling the class ahout the rhinoceros family. Now. name some tbidgs," she said." that it is very dangerous to get near to. and that have horns." "Motor cars," replied a little boy. tpromptlv- On the Curbstone. First Man Great Heavens, man, do i find you after all these years reduced to playing a cornet for a living ? Second Man I'm not doing it for a living my wife won't let me practise in the house so I have to come outside." An Unfortunate Beginning. Chrate (addressing congregation at a social meeting) My dear iriends. I will not call you Ladies and Gentlemen," since I know you too well. A Secret. Fa.ther (to married son) You are living very nicely, I see but are you saving any money ? Son (in a whisper) Yes, but don't tell my wife. Not Like Other Men. John is so ahsent-minded." Is be ?" Yes, whenever I give him a letter to post he goes and posts it. Before the Pageant. ) 'Ere, ver are, Sir Knight, polish yer up with emery ier a penny." The Recruit's Complaint. A week after enlisting, .Tim returned to his parents' abode stealthily and at dead of right. "Have you deserted. Jim?" gasped his liorrified parents. .1 I couldn't help it." snivelled the recreant soldier "Thev treated me sonllllUt. shamehll." Wot did they do to you ?" indignantly de- manded the ba-d bargains mother. It was the drill sargint," sobbed Jim. "In order to'arden our faces.as 'e c illed it. 'e made is recruits stand iii the bar- racks kids, an' 'e bribed the kids to sing, Oh. litem pritty pansy faces and made us mark time to it." Not Easily Daunted. Country Resident (to pedlar) Get away out of here, now, or if you don't I'll whistle for the dog. Pedlar: All right, sir; but first won't vou allow me to sell you a good whistle ? Easing his Conscience. The Rev. Mr Goodman (inspecting himself in mirror) Caroline, J really don't believe I ought to wear this wig. It looks like a living lie. "Bless your heart, John," said his better half don't let that trouble you. That wig will never deceive anybody for one moment."

Softly Love makes the world go round.— Shortly: Yes there's no crank equal to a lover. Sir Hiram 'Maxim, the great inventor, was no infant prodigy. He has confessed that he believes he was the dullest and also the best- behaved boy at school. Teacher Yes, Freddie, the tail of the comet is 3,000,000 miles long.-Freddie: Great Scott There wouldn't be much fun tying a tin-can on the end of that I .r. t:

TALKS ON HEALTH. By DR. ANDREW WILSON. About the Breath. A hint has been aftorded to me in the shape of a letter from a correspondent suggesting tnat some remarks regarding the subject ot oflensive breath and its treatment would prove of general interest to readers of these articles. I gladly agree to this suggestion, lor the reason that, altough offensive brea.th may itself not prove to be.a symptom of any serious disease, yet, socially, it happens to be an extremely annoying condition, not merely where the patient himself is concerned, but to those who are around hinl. The verv consciousness that a person suffers from some affection of this kind, which renders him an annoyance to his neighbours, tends to increase his sensitiveness, and in some cases to cause him to become infested with morbid ideas connected with the source of his trouble. This condition may arise from a variety of causes. In the first place, it is not wonderful to find persons suffering from offensive breath who pay little or no attention to the condition or state of the mouth. Let me impress upon my readers the fact that the condition of the mouth has increased in im- portance very largely of late years in the eyes of physicians in relation to the health of the body to the treatment of disease. The mouth, it must be remembered, is literally a hothouse in which germs of many species grow and nourish with the greatest ease. Not merely is the temperature or heat of the mouth favourable to such germ growths, but the secretions oi the mouth tuemselves favour such multiplication of microbes. We have also to take into consideration another very important fact, namely, that of the particles of food we leave after each meal in the mouth and in the interstices of the teeth. These matters constitute exactly the kind of material in which germs grow and multiply. Hence if the mouth and teeth be neglected-that. is, if no attempt at regular cleansing of the mouth be made. we can readily understand that as time passes the mouth will become a verita-ble source of danger to the rest of the body through infection by means of microbes. Some Causes, I do not mean to suggest that all the germs which may be lound in the human mouth are necessarily of disease prrducin g nature. On the contrary, we know that even in a healthy mouth a large number of different germs can be iound, but these being of utterly harmless character. It is, however, easy to conceive that a neglected mouth will, on the other band, present a very different relationship to the germs which, inhaled from the ofcter air, find in food debris allowed to accumulate a breeding and growing ground wherein they multiply, and by producing poisons or toxins of various kinds come seriously to affect the body..Such a septic condition of the mouth that is to say. a poisonous condition, cannot fail to have its products carried to the stomach and other parts of the body, and thus to set up various forms of illness, ranging. it may be, from indigestion to blood poisoning itself. Again, because of the neglect of the mouth, this part of our body may itself ex- hibit symptoms of disease. Cases, for ex- ample, of decayed teeth, and. still more, those in which the gums are. affected, and in which suppuration of the gums taken place, consti- tute a frequent source of offensive breath. The mouth has, to put the matter plainlvi in such cases become a laboratory for the growing of germs such as we have seen mav produce disease if carried to other-pacts of the body, and which also, as part of their life history, give rise to offensive odours. The Part of the Stomach. It happens, however, that want of attention to the cleanliness of the mouth is not the onlv cause of offensive breath. A person with the mouth in a perfectly healthy state may suffer Ironi this condition owing to the pre- sence of indigestion and the upset of the stomach and liver. Breath of disagreeable odour is, in fact, a very sign and symptom accompanying indigest ion in all its phases. Yet, another cause must be mentioned, such as contributes to the disagreeable alteration of the breath. This Ule is constipation, which I have before described in this column as constituting of all ailments perhaps the most common with which the physician has to deal. In the 'T,e "1 C "p"f í pa LJ0H, e again come face t.. fare with a literal case in. which the body is poisoning Matter absorbed from ■ ime>un? causing t-bJ sallow complexion uf the constipated max1 >>■ woman, and literally ftffedirg the wboie frame, the influence of the disorripp# 1,i; I membrane of the digestive system a id toe stomach particularly being prooagated up- wards to the mouth itseJf Treatment. It is perfectly clear that' to cure cases oj offensive breath we must arrive at some con- clusion regarding the source of the ailment. ¡I Common sense should teach us to begin with the mouth itself. The state of the teeth should be rigidly attended to. They should be brushed morning and right with the utmost regularity and I may add that in respect to our duty to the teeth, the night brushing is probably the more important of the two, seeing that we get rid by this simple process of the particles of food which have accumulated between the teeth during the day, and we thus ensure the purity of the mouth during the hours of sleep—a period, I may remark, which dentists tell us is that- during which fermentation of food particles mostly takes place, with the consequent pro- duction of the acids which destroy the enamel of the teeth, and thus produce tooth decay. A powder such as carbolic tooth powder, or precipitated chalk, should always be used to brush Ow teeth. Lotions are of no use in cleaning the teeth themselves, and they should be brushed not merely across, but in the up and down direction so as to remove any food particles lying between them. Mouth washes are extremely useful where any condi- tion of the gums exists requiring attention. The familiar combination of myrrh, honey and borax, which every chemist supplies, is in its way an admirable application. An excellent tooth wash is composed of six drachms of tinctue of myrrh, ten drops of the oil of winter- green, two drachms of tincture of quillaia, and two ounces of the tincture of krameria Half a teaspoonful may be added to a wineglassful of water, and used for rinsing t' -> mouth. Some Other h-3les. It may be noted that in certain diseases the breath gives off a characteristic odour. In persons afflicted with dia-hetes the breath, as an odour, has been compared to that of new mown hay, or to the smell of a room in which apples have been kept. In Bright's disease the odour of the breath sometimes resembles that of a medicine known as sal volatile. The offensive breath due to indi- gestion must, of course, be corrected bv atten tion being paid to the cure of that trouble." Certain special means are sometIme ¡ adopted for the alleviation of the breat troubles in the case 0. dyspepsia. Thus, a charcoal biscuit taken about an hour after food is said frequently to effect a cure, or a I combination of bismuth and charcoal may be found to assist the cure of indigestion, and also to improve the state of the breath. Thus a powder composed of ten grains of carbonate of bismuth, ten grains of wool charcoal and five grains of bi-carbonate of soda may be taken thrice a day before meals. Where any condi- tion of the throat parts may be suspected to be the cause of foul breath, a tabloid of chlo- rate of potash and borax should be allowed to dissolve in the mouth occasionally, or a for- mamint tabloid may be used in th1- same way.

Settled. 'r In every 1: uuse, Miss Shame," said young Mr Hamshaw. with some agitation, there is a spare room. It is kept for the use of some honoured guest. In every heart, too "—and he laid his hand impulsively on his chest— there is a spare room-" And we find one, too, in so many heads murmured the young lady. Miss Sharpe—Irene the man exclaimed. I in my heart there is a spare room sacredly set apart for you-" Only one, Mr Hamshaw ?" she asked, dreamily. Do not mock me. Irene! It shall be a whole suite if you like. More than that You shall have the entire premises if you'll only say so and if that isn't enough, well tear down and build bigger." This spare room-this suite of rooms, Arthur," said the lady, softly, that you are speaking of-how-how are they furnished ?" In first-class, modern style. Irene," replied the young man. with a businesslike ring in his voice. '• My rich uncle Jaye died last week." Say no more, Arthur," whispered the girl softly, "I'll take them all." Ah, your language Eet ees so difficult What's the matter, count ?" Fiist zis novel eetsav ze man was unhorsed." Yes ?" Zen it say he was cowed T" December is the most deadly month in the year in London, with March a good second but January is the most unhealthy in France, f and March in Germany. Mr Meanly It's your birthday to-morrow- my dear, and here s half a crown for you. You'd better, p'r'aps. keep it by you. because its my birthday next month. Adolphus (taking the last piece): This is vrey good bread, Mrs Thomson.—Mrs Thom- son (the landlady): Yes. I think it is better bred than some of my boarders. My husband," said the conceited lady, is a Shakespearean actor." Indeed. Does he play in Hamlet ?" No," said the actor's wife; h9 oaiy$lays in the lajtgex cities. _1-

¡ ¡ WELSH GLEANINGS. ¡ News and Views m Lighter Vein. There is at last iwrjt Disgusted to be I a meeting of the governor; of the new Welsh National Museum. Someone has blundered, or I the whole of the Welsh M.P.'s were too lacka- daisical with the Treasury when the present; barebones charter was being di-afted. Even vet. I there is no news of the first, meeting of the governors of the Welsh National Librarv at Aberystwyth. Have they also a distaste for theduties they are called upon t.o perform ? I A Geidei-Cambrian. 1 ne liev. Father Hayde, Car.i. has retUTQpd to his earlier love lor ilie Welsh language. Years ago he was the most omnivorous reader of Welsh in the Welsh Metropolis. Since then he has studied effectively Cornish. Breton, and Irish Gaelic Now his cheery dyad da and Nos da are the favourite greetings to his friends. This renewal of affection for the Ian. guage of the land of his adoption is, no doubt, partly due to the week lie spent a.t the recent Swansea Eisteddfod. Cardiff's Welsh Schools. rp to last Thursday evening the number of scholars on the register of the new evening W elsh schools, just formed under the Cardiff Welsh Sunday School Union, were 216 in the elementary classes, and 152 in th" advanced classes. In addition, there will be juvenile evening classes for children under 14 :n the majority of the Welsh Nonconformist school- rooms. and it is hoped that these r 1 asse_- -vnU become efficient and sell-supporting. Anvhody may join th" classes, whether he belongs to a Welsh Sunday school or not. Strathclyde Welsh. In the recently-published work of Scotland of To-day," by T. F. Henderson and Francis Watt (Methuen and there is an interest- ing reference to the Strathclyde Welsh and their characteristics. The Covenanting Scot," say the writers. was essentially of the same religious type as Welsh TIn- douhtedly the long occupation ot South- estern Scotland by the Cymro has left strong traces to tbi. day. but the great clearance of 870 must have changed the dominant race (or M allace and Ga'braith would never have been surnames!, aad we know from Dunbar thatthe language of the district was Gaelic in the fifteenth century. The Source of the Wye. Mr John Lloyd, of Brynhyfryd. Cwmaman, writing with reference to our note on The Wye in its Youth." at Pantydwr. shows an intimate and loving acquaintance with the whole course of the famous waterway. The little rivulet, at Pantydwr." he explains, "is practically the source of the Tylwch. a little brook that runs northwards And into the Severn at Llanidloes. The source of the Wye is on the south-eastern side of Plynlimon Mountain, at a place called Bla,en Wy (sourcc of the Wye). From there it runs south for about two miles, where it takes up the river Keef. one of its tributaries. After running another mile it takes up the river Tarenig,, The junction is at a place called Pontrhyd- galed. From the !ast place to Llangurig the distance is about five miles, and from Llan- gnng to Rhayader ten miles. The source or youth of the Wye is from fifteen to eighteen miles further north than where yonr corres. pondent puts it. Thf Wye -ç-ii1Í!"Y betweeir Pontrhydgaled and Llangurig cont,ams some of the best farms in Wales. The Londou County Council thought once of taking up th- "Yt and Tarcmg watersheds to supply the with water t -rfn-r t hov thsv "eU1¡(Jlfl tù the KrecoTishire hiUe. Schce! Inspecotrs Adventures. In his address or Saturday betor'- the DM)- bigh#hire Teaehc-s' Association, the Rishon of St. A-aph ieviewed Welsh education t-be last 200 years, and gave some interesting results of his researches among the historical documents in the diocesan archives. Here is an amusing anecdote worth reproducing :—In 1868 the Government inspector, entering a school in Carmarthenshire, said to the man he found in charge. Are you the master T" Xo, the master is away." But you can tell me what the children have been taught can they do sums" "'I don't know." •• Can they sing ?" Yes." This was done, and the íDr spector said. They did that very nicely." Do you really think so ? Well, I will ierl you the truth- I am the master." As showing the state of feeling in 1868, the bishop men- tionedwhat happened in a small town inWalet when the two Government inspectors, 0n-r tor the Church and the other for the Britislr schools, arrived on the same day. The friimd: and pupils of the British school booed and hooted the Church inspector on his arrival*: That evening the two inspectors, old college friends, stayed together at the one village inn f the Church inspector related his experiences? protestingly. The other rpplied, H Why yota. fellows did exactly the same for me." Whik; this friendly dialogue was going on inskle the inn a crowd of both partisans eagerly awaited outside for tidings of the fight which they lieved must be going on inside. After dmnes both inspectors, arm in arm, and smokiny cigars. took the evening air. Amazed aittm friendliness the crowd slowly dispersed, WODl dering after all if there was anything worth, fighting about.

Songs for the People Ac drew Fletcher, o* faltoaa, in a letter to t iiarqni* of O:ltr08¡¡, OG; ;1 know ;.verr wiati man th balliTsJ that -a aaawers peroittkel ti cask* aU the b&tud* he need not taxi wiia make tii» of the uation." A PAPER FROM HOME. When far away from all we love, With rolling oceans in between An alien, gem-starred sky above The earth-clod not the English green When all is strange and all is new, And friends are all across the foam— There's nothing thrills the wanderer througb Lik0 the weekly paper sent from home. We read the columns through and through, Omit no paragraph ór line, To know just what folk say and do, And how's the weather, wet or fine ? Who's dead ? who's married perhaps who'; born who ? who's what ? across the foam Until its dog-eared, soiled, and torn. The paper that came out from bome. Our t houghts. to those who've never èeen Sojourners in a foreign land. Who never saw England s uplands green, Are something they can't understand. At times, maybe, our eyes grow dim. Such moments come to those that roam We long and hist for kith and kjn. For England and our Home Sweet Home. Our Sunday school, the chapel, and Tbe places where we used tD go The streets, the ark, the Wednesday band. The people that we used to know. The sing-song round the kitchen fire On frosty nights too cold to roam We kindle with a keen desirr The paper brings these thoughts of home- Though friends may come and friends may g. Ideas change—-those DC" er climes May change our natures and our moods— YVe may forget those good old times. Yet, day by day, we^tiii shall wait, And count the days off as they Pome And murmur when the boat is late That brings the paper out from home. Sometimes we read somp misjudged one Has proved a hero after all. And those we often looked upon As saints have had a nasty fall. How Brown is major think of-that f And Johny Mac's come out on top. And Prudence Prim (who loved a cat) Now keeps a baby-linen shop, There's correspondents letters and A column full of missing friends, Last heard of in some foreign land. An anxious mother grepting sends," And perhaps it meets his wandering eye— His luck's heen bad across the foair— He ponders with a thoughtful sigh. And keeps the paper out from home. How proud we feel of townsmen who By daring exploits make a name; Or with some aim in constant view Have reached the pinnacle of fame. The deaths of princes," it is said, Are blazoned forth on Heaven's Our worthy townsman's deeds are read Of in the.Daper out from home.