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Labour in Mines. .

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Labour in Mines. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS. Progress of the Movement. (F-ROAKOUR SPECIALCORRESPONDENT) The British representatives to the Inter- national Miners' Congress arrived at Salzburg soon after midday on Sunday. The long rail- way journey through France, Switzerland, and Austria to Salzburg, with stops in Paris. Basle and Innsbruck was a unique and delightful experience to many of the delegates. Some members of our party are old campaigners who have attended many international congresses, and who know Europe almost as well as a Cook's guide. Others are visiting the Con- tinent for the first time, and have come direct from actual work in the pit. But all were %c charmed -with the journey. An act of courtesy on the part of the Austrian Government to the British representatives was much appreciated. On the arrival of the train at the frontier station on Saturday morn- ing, Herr Max Stockinger, a representative of the Austrian State Railways, was awaiting the party, and cordially welcomed the delegates to Austria. The Rev. F. A. Hurst, of the Free Church Touring Guild, who is conducting the party, introduced Mr E. Edwards, M.P., the president, Mr T. Ash ton, the secretary of the International Committee, Messrs A. Stanley, M.P., W. Johnson, M.P., F. Hale, M.P., J. Wadworth, M.P., T. Glover, M.P., and the Mayor of Walsall. Incidents of the Journey. Herr Max Stockinger said he had been deputed by the Government, through the State Railways department, to accompany the party onward to point out the different points of interest in the Tyrol. Mr Edwards, M.P., asked the representative of the State Railways to convey to his department the thanks of the British delegation for the courtesy and kind- ness extended to them by the Austrian Govern- ment. From Buchs a special train was placed at the disposal of the party to Innsbruck, where a halt was made for the day. The railway journey was not entirely with- out incident. At Zurich early on Saturday morning we ran against the British members of Parliament who had been investigating the national military system of Switzerland, and Mr W. Brace, M.P., who has been one of the five labour members attending the British delegation, joined our party. A well-known and popular member of Parliament, with that care which is a characteristic of the British legislator, at the halt in Paris carefully placed his railway ticket in a drawer in his room, and travelled on the following morning as far as Basle. Here he made an enforced stay while his errant tickets came along by post. Development at the Movement. Mr T. Ashton, secretary of the International Committee, has given me some interesting particulars of the development of the inter- national movement and of the completeness and thoroughness of its work. All the countries associated in the congress furnish a report each quarter of the condition of trade in their own country and any alterations in wages or hours of labour. These reports are edited by Mr Ashton, and published each quarter. The international reports arc all printed in three languages-English, French, and German—and a sufficient number of copies issued to all the organisations in Great Britain, the United States of America, and on the Continent for every branch organisation, so that the working miner employed can have thoroughly reliable information as to the condition of the trade in his own and other countries. Since the last international conference in London a year ago," said Mr Ashton, "we have been in communication with the miners in Spain, in Hungary, in Italy, and in Servia. The Spanish miners have written to me that they are not yet sufficiently organised to be in a position to appoint delegates to attend this year's congress, but they hope to be able to do so by next year. Delegates will be present for the first time at this congress from Hungary and Italy, and we are looking forward expec- tantly to the day when every Eoropeancountry will be represented. The next step will be to bring into our organisation the miners of Russia, and already there is talk of extending the sphere of our operations to Japan. It will probably not be long before the organised mine workersof Japan are represented in our congress. There has been a remarkable development in the work of the international movement since a beginning was made in 1890. For some years hardly a letter reached me from the Con- tinental organisations between one congress and another, but now letters come to hand every week. It is this regular communication with one another that smoothes away difficul- ties and removes any possibility of differences arising between the miners of different countries. The influence of this is particularly apparent at the conferences. There are no hitches to- day as in the earlier congresses, when scenes w< re frequent—scene caused by misunder- st .ndings arising h-o, < the confusion of tongues. Business runs almost as smoothly now in our in emational congress as in our own annual conference. Invaluable Reports. The International Committee also does its part to assist the Governments of the various countries on mining matters. The information which is gathered together puts the workmen's views in a more clear and concrete form than it would be possible for any Government depart- ment to prepare the information by its own officials. I furnish a copy of the quarterly re- port," said Mr Ashton, to the Home Office, and the secretary of each nationality forwards a copy to the department of the Government of his own country which has control of the mines. These reports show the Governments of the various countries the exact position of the mine workers in their own and other countries." An opportunity has been afforded me (says our special correspondent) of going through the most recently issued of the international quarterly reports. Their value may be judged by one or two long extracts. Mr W. B. Wilson, the secretary of the United Mine Workers of America, writes that the Immigra- tion Commissioner forWest Virginia is in Great Britain, and may possibly go to the Continent for the purpose of seenringminers, and he adds We desire to warn our brethren of Europe against coming to work in the mines of West Virginia. The conditions of mining there are the worst that can be found anywhere in the United States. There is no organisation among the miners with the exception of a small number along the Kanawha River, and consequently the few mining laws which have been passed by the State Legislature are not enforced, and the loss of life by explosion in recent years has been somewhat appalling." A pretty dark picture of industrial conditions in the Southern States. The report of the German secretary, Herr Otto Hue, gives details of the number of men employed, the average wages earned, and the number of serious and fatal accidents. The serious and fatal accidents in 1906 numbered 10,784. equal to 15.65 per thousand workmen employed, the highest average of the past decade- Sufficient has been quoted to how that these reports are of substantial value to the miners and to the Governments of the various countries.

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——__u " PRESBYTERIAN CONFERENCE.I

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