The Cardiff Times

Sedition in India. EDITOR'S ARREST ON GRAVE CHARGES. Inhere. Tuesday.—MY Pindi Doss. editor and proprietor of the 0 n at ive newspaper" India." published at (rujranwala. in the Punjab, was trreated at sunrise yesterday and brought into Lahore. He was taken immediately before the distrirt magistrate on the grave charges of exciting disaffection against, tue Government, and e- citing the Native Army to mutiny. The charges Ii:) not admit of ha.il being allowed.—-Renter. Lahore, Tuesday. — At a great Rajput, meet- ing held at Patiala a resolution was passed strongly condemning disaffected speeches and writings, and adjuring the Rajputs to keep Rloof from the odium of disloyalty. The resolution further thanked the Government for suppressing sedition" with one strong action." It adds :—"4 The Government saved many who would have put themselves in ianger. The whole nation owes a great debt to Sir Denzil Ibbetson, and prays continuously lor his speedy recovery."—Iieuter.

Dark Famine Picture. MILLIONS STARVING IN RUSSIA. The Press Association has received from the Russian Famine Relief Committee of the Society of Friends the following letter from Dr. Kennard, the society's agent in the {amine area: — The winter snows have vanished the grecii grass shows its welcome colour to 150,000,000 of people who for seven Jnug winter months have gazed on a monotonous white pall the sun beats with its warm rays upon the long-frozen earth, and reveals with its brilliant light—what One of the saddest pic- tures that man can witness: millions craving for bread; millions exhausted by seven months •of hunger, privation, and a life lived amidst Impossible surroundings millions relying for aid on what their Government seems incapable [If giving them, and forced to be content to exist on the charity of the Russian Zemstvos and other organisations. Twenty millions of oeople in the south-eastern provinces, chiefly hi the six big provinces of Samara, Cra. Oren- burg, Kazan, Perm, and Viatka- six provinces a.s large as half the United States-are relying on this support, and it is estimated that in the (Samara government only 10 per cent. are able to be aided effectively. Let us take this (iovernment as an example, not only because it is one of the largestGovern- ments aud one of the most severely hit by the famine, but also because I am intimately acquainted with the conditions obtaining, and have spent much time touring amidst the dis- tress, aiding medically and administratively and observing the methods of relief. In this ^yernment there are 3,000,000 inhabitants, 450,000 of whom are children. I have been up and down through these dis- tricts, and am sickened and disgusted with the sights it has been my unfortunate lot tQ have to witness. I deem it necessary to inform all that there has been no exaggeration, and is no exaggeration, in the reports of the terrible state ,Ki-ting here. Indeed, the half has not been told. What the next harvest is going to bring forth is a problem of vital, overwhelming im- portance to Russia for the peasantry -the great majority, that is to say, in these pro- vinces-are not only without sufficient susten- ance, but they are without belongings. Their cattle and horses have long since been sold, to bring in bread horses for which in prosperity they gave 50 to 75 i oubles, they have sold in countless instances for 8 roubles, for a hungry stomach makes a bad bargainer. In the last Russian village I visited, formerly a wealthy village, -as wealthy Russian villages go, over 2,000 horses had been sold by the peasants during the winter. In countless cases the isbas (cottages) in the villages are rootless, denuded :If straw to feed the cattle, and combine tions are the recognised custom—that is, four or five families club together, choose the best Isba to live in, and break up the remainder for !uel. in Samara alone there are 300,000 children who need milk and cannot get it: their con- stitutions are being weakened by eating black bread and raw salt cucumbers. I only speak of what 1 have seen, and I have only spoken of Samara Go vernment with its 750,000 starving people. Ufa we now hear is incomparably worse, as Prince Lvoff, the head of the Zemstvo Famine Relief Organisation in Moscow, says: — rfa suffers particularly; the authorities thought it had suffered less from bad crops, and the result. is that the population is stricken to the utmost. In this particular province the Zemstvo has no less than 2.000 soup kitchens, and has been reckoning on help from the Government, which has never come." Meanwhile the Zemstvo, I can sincerely attest, is cioiDg its work methodically. genuinely, economically, and as rapidly as possible. 1 can heartily and thoroughly rec(,mmend their system as heartily as I cannot recommend the system, or want of system, of the Russian Red f'ro.3. My countrymen and kin in Great Britain and America may have every con- fidence in funds for the use of the Zemstvo Famine Relief Organisation, headed by such men as Prince Lvoff, Mr Nicolas Shishkoff, Prince Orbeliani, and Dr. Grain. Finally I appeal to my countrymen, to America, and to the wide world for funds, and that at once. Subscriptions may be sent to Mr Isaac Sharp, 12, Bishopsgatc-street Without, London, E.C., treasurer of the Friends' Russian Famine Relief Committee, who will duly acknowledge them.

REPU'BLIC REBELS. Guatemala Traitors' Suicide. The Legation of Guatemala in London has received the following cable from the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the Republic :— A Gua temala. W-inesday.-Yest(-rd;Ly morning the authorities discovered several of the persons .implicated in the outrage of the 29th ult. on the President ot the Repuohc. As on account of the iif inousness of their crime no one would shelter them, they werc, driven to take refuge, in an old disused house in the suburbs of the city the Cerro lid Carmen." Seeing that the officers of justice were forcing an entrance by breaking down the doors, and that the place was surrounded by troops, the criniLnrJ.s opened fireon their would-be captors. -J'hprc being no way of escape opened to them after they bad treacherously killed a major and ■wounded a colonel and another officer, the viULtin. conimitted,,uicide. Their names arc Dr. Jorge Avila Echeverria. lirentiate Tvorlrfu-' Avila Echeverria this brother). Dr. Julio Va-ldez Blanco, and Baltasar Rodil. The cowardice of these men in refusing to appear before justice and state the motives of their attempt is the subject of general comment.

CHILDREN AND SCHOOLWORK, Tfcouehtful people are protesting earnestly a^aiaatthe amount of school work required from children nowadays- If a child shows intelligence, it is forced through class after class. j.* Ii in addition crams at home by psk?iight$a>U} into the night, at a ruinous expen- diture of nervous energy. The boy or girl bt,comes anxious or sleepless in his or her effort to gain scholastic surpemacv. and as a conse- quence is prematurely eidiauated. Many con- scientious teachers strongly condemn such a waste of youthful energy, and we would point oat that if parents cannot?check this drain on the nervous svstem, they can. at least, enable- their children to withstand its effects by administering to them occasionally a. course of Phosterine. The famous tonic restores and reinforces the entire Nervous System, and is Invaluable in calming and resting the nerves of sensitive and excitable children.

Hucu Stabl, the sixteen-year-old son of a policeman at Washington, D.C., has estab- lished a wireless telegraph system between his residence and that of a friend two miles away. xj 3 has been able to intercept official messages sent from the naval station at A nnopoiis and warships in Ham.pton Roads. The Navy De- partment appealed to the Federal Court for an I injtmctioa against the boy, but the Court re- fused. declaring thero was no law to prevent lit.t experiments.

Army of White Tramps. +- SOUTH AFRICAN CRISIS. Labour Trouble Reaching a Climax Cape Town, Tuesday.—The industrial situa- tion in Cape Colony is rapidly becoming serious. 0 .Ml sectionsof labour reflect the position on the Rand. The success which so far ha3 attended the strike movement in the mining districts is fomenting discontent. Thcsituation is accord- ingly being eagerly seized upon by Socialist and Democratic agitators. There can he no doubt that throughout South Africa the unrest and insecurity in commercial circles is approaching a climax. The large number of unemployed is becoming an increasing menace, inasmuch as there is now a veritable army of white tramps, w'iojc existence must be reckoned with.— Central News. The Rand Ferment. Johannesburg. Tuesday. --The strikers are verv active, and are everywhere posting up notices summoning a general strike to begin to-night. The men in seven mines in the Roodepoort. district are showing disaffection, and the managers have notified those who intend to strike to vacate their rooms, as they are wanted for others. About, 200 Dutchmen to-day visited the offices of the various mines to tnake inquiries regarding the terms offered. Subsequently, however, the Labour party official persuaded them to refrain from accept- ing work pending an assurance from thestrikers that they would afterwards be put on an equality with the British miners. Active re- cruiting i proceeding in the country districts, and the Dutch are readily accepting the terms offered. --Reuter. Johannesburg, Wednesday—The strike has become general. At present the white miners at 37 mines are out, embracing all the East Rand proprietors' mines. The Wit Deep, City Jumpers, and Ginsberg men have decided against a strike. It is most probable, however, that they will eventually be drawn into the movement. So far no disturbances have taken place. Some of the managers have, warned the strikers that they will not be rcin- sta ted—Renter. Johannesburg, Wednesday.—At present, as the result of a declaration of a, general strike, ten additional mines are affected, including the Robinson Mine, where strikers invaded the shaft heads at daybreak- Other mines affected are Meyer and Charlton, Heriot, Primrose, Geldiohais, Glencairn, Wit- watersrand, Cason, Roodepcort United and Central Deep. The managements were for the most part prepared tor the strike, and the effects are con- senuently discounted.—Router. Johannesburg, Wednesday Evening.—The men of 43 mines are now on strike. The latest mines affected include the Goch and the City and Suburban.—Reutcr.

Cannibalism in China. STARVING PEOPLE EAT CLAY. A most terrible state of affairs now exists in the famine area in Central China. A Tri. bune telegram says it is computed by workers who have this week returned from the infected districts that quite 3,000 persons are dying daily. We were told montlis ago that there were over 400,000 people to whom this famine spelt death, and it would appear that. cruel as it may seem, it \Voulri have been better to have concentrated the efforts for relief more than has been the case. and stubbornly faced the fact that large districts must be left untouched. The supplies have been long delayed on their way inland from Shanghai, and .in some cases where food was on the spot in small boats the people had not the necessary cash with which to purchase life. Free tickets have been carefully distributed to the most necessitous persons in some cases, but the wholesale free distribution of food would have only ended in riot. With millions of starving, the difficulties of transport, limited funds, and foreign workers, and the too frequent apathy of the Chinese officials, it is the inevitable that is happening. No one who has not travelled in China .can have any idea of the country affected, of the terrible plight of multitudes of starving people, and their general resignation to the most terrible of deaths when the missionaries cannot give them sufficient food to keep them alive. America is sending large funds, shiploads of flour for immediate consumption, and wheat for planting all the local supplies have been hurried to the interior, and in a few days cargoes of wheat will arrive from Australia. But it is "a drop in the ocean." Cannibalism is rife in some counties, and at Chinkiang the refugees are digging for a kind of wliite clay to be found near that port, which they mix with food and vegetables, as it is said to give a "satisfying" feeling to the hungry consumer. The eating of this clay is having fatal results, as may be ex- pected, but the Vicoroy, Tuan Fang, evidently thinks this clay is particularly harmful, as he has sent to have it tested, meanwhile contri- buting 500 dollars towards the purchase of fiour to distribute to the clay eaters. The people call this clay the flour of the Goddess of Mercy China as a nation has done little to allay this terrible suffering, and but for the self- sacrificing efforts of the missionaries the death- roll would have been the most terrible in his- tory.

Riotous Women Strikers. CAVALRY CHARGES. Workers Waylaid and Attacked. Rome, Wednesday Night.—Telegrams from Terni state that the town has been in a state of uproar since this morning owing to rioting by women strikers. Pickets of females persuaded large numbers of male workers to stay away from their em- ployment, and as a consequence many business establishments had to close for the day. So much disorder prevailed that detachments of cavalry were called out and made several charges on the women, though without much effect. In view of the serious aspect of affairs the garrison was reinforced by 1,800 men, but the troops were chiefly used to safeguard the banks and other like premises. In many cases women boarded the trams and viotentty assaulted the workmen riding thereon who declined to associate themselves with their mo,ement.-Ce-,ltrid News.

KING AND RAGGED SCHOOLS. The King's reception of Mr John Kirk, secretary of the Ragged School Union, at Buckingham Palace, is due to His Majesty's desire personally to congratulate Mr Kirk upon the completion of 40 years' work for the Ragged School Union. His Majesty, it will be remem- bered, has had interviews with General Booth, of the Salvation Army, and with Pre- I Mr John Kirk. bendary Carlile, of the Church Army. This reception of Mr Kirk will recognise the great and varied work of the Ragged School Union among the poor children of London, and en. courage those who work on their behalf. The testimonial to Mr Kirk will be presented by the Alarquess of Northampton, at a meeting at the Mansion House, presided over by the Lord Mayor.

TRADE UNION PROBLEM. Restriction of Organisations. On Tuesday a circular was issued to Trade Unions affiliated to the Trade Union Congress, the Trades Federation, and the Labour Party in connection with the recent agitation for restricting the number of Unions formed for similar objects dealing with general (or un- skilled) labourers. The circular is signed by Mr W. C. Steadman, M.P., Mr J. Ramsay Mac- donald, M.P., and Mr Mitchell, secretaries of the joint board of the three organisations named, and points out that since the decision of the board on January 9th last attempts have been nuide to form another Union, catering more particularly for municipal workers, and calls upon all Trade Union organisations to support the board by refusing in any way to countenance any new Trade Union unless its formation has been endorsed by the joint board.

PICKPOCKET'S PATENT. One of three men charged at Woolwich under the Prevention of Crimes Act handed a written document to the magistrate. After perusing it, Mr Baggallay said he noticed prisoner claimed to have a device for preventing pocket, picking, which he was trying when he was ar- rested, and of which he said I have thought out a little patent which will benefit the public." The Magistrate observed I won't disclose the nature of it. because I take it you have not protected it, and T will give you an opportunity to patent it after you come out of prison. But ou are a verv dangerous person to have about, whether your intentions are to pick pockets or not. The others arc no better. You will each go to prison for twelve months.

EIGHT HOURS DAY FOR MINERS. Report of the Committee PROBABLE EFFECTS ON OUT- PUT AND MARKETS. The final report of the Miners' Eight Hours' Committee which was appointed to inquire into the probable economic c/Tect of a legal limit of eight hours to the working day of coal miners was issued on Wednesday evening as ;L Blue Book. The members of the Committee were :-LN[r ptisscl i itei, M.P. (chairman), Sir Andrew N. Agnew, Bart.. Mr S H. Cox, Pro- fessor of Mining, Royal College of Science Mr John W. Crornbie, M P., Sir Robert Giffin, K.C.F5., F.RJS., Lord Glantawe, and Mr R. A. 8. Redmayne, Professor of Mining, Birming- ham University whilst Mr John Joseph Wills, of the Commercial, Labour, and Statistical Department ot the Board of Trade, was secre- tary of the Committee. In t.), i,- course of the inquiry the Committee held 27 meetings in public, at which they ex- amined 74 witnesses, including 35 coal owners or their representatives, eight witnesses represent- ing the coal miners of Northumberland, Dur- ham, and the Forest of Dean, the ironstone miners Df Cleveland and the Scottish shale miners, and three independent witnesses of the under manager class. who gave evidence on the special difficulties of the North of England and on the mining of the Staffordshire thick seam. They also heard an official representative of the Office of Woods and Forests, who dealt with the ease of the Forest of Dean. The Committee summarise their conclu- sions as follow I (1) We found that the average time from bank to bank of the underground worker in the coal mines of Great Britain on a day of full work is 9 hours 3 minutes, Len for hewers, 8 hours 36 minutes. and for other underground workers. 9 hours 28 minutes. (2) That these hours vary greatly in the different colliery districts from 6 hours 49 minutes in Durham for hewers, to an average of 9 hours 57 minutes in Monmouthshire for all underground workers. (3) That, making allowance for customary or fortnightly total stop days and short days, the average theoretical luil week's work amounts to 49 hours 53 minutes. (4) That the institution of an eight hour day would reduce this time by 10*27 per cent., assuming the customary short and idle days to remain as at present. (5) That if this loss of time be accepted as a basis oi a proportionate reduction of output, as it was contended by most. witnesses engaged in colliery management would be the case, the loss of production would be 25,783,000 tons, calculated on the output of 190&. (6) That, we do not accept this conclusion, for we have found that by reason of the stoppage of work at collieries for various reasons, and by voluntary absenteeism of work- men on days when the collierie3 are open to them for work, the hours actually worked by the men are 13*36 per cent. Less than their theoretical full time—that is to say,the average week at present worked is a week of 43 hours 13 minutes, which, spread over six days, gives an average of 7l hours per day for each day of 4 the week. And, after analysis and inquiry, we believe a certain portion of the time now lost would be utilised under a legally restricted day. (7) The other causes would be more or less operative in mitigating the effects of a reduc- tion of hours of the tuU working day among others (a) some improvement in the efficiencv of labour, especially in certain districts (b) improvements in the mechanical equipment of collieries (e) an extension of the use of labour-saving machinery (coal cutting machines and conveyors) (d) an extension of the multiple shift system (e) some increase in the existing flow of outside labour to the collieries. (8) That, nevertheless, some diminution of production would follow a statutory reduction of hours, whether introduced gradually or sud- denly. (9) That the exent of this reduction would vary greatly in the different colliery districts, and be most serious in those districts such as Lancashire and South Wales—in which at pre- sent the longest hours are worked. (10) That the deficiency we have anticipated would be increased beyond the amount we have calculated unless certain relaxations of a rigid rule were made for certain classes of workers, numerically small. (11) That similar temporary and permanent relaxations might be found to be necessary in the interest of the safe working of the mine. (12) That in certain classes ot mines, such as the house coal mines of the Forest of Dean, and the thick seam mines of South Staffordshire, the difficulty of adapting the work to the reduced hours would be so great that it might be necessary to make special regulations for such cases. (13) That the health and physique of coal miner. at the present time compares favour- ably with thatofany other class of workpeople, and, while we have found in the districts in which the longest hours are worked that the same standard is not maintained, we believe that a legal limitation of hours underground to eight per day cannot be expected to produce any marked change. (14) That the permanent result of a legally restricted day for workers in coal mines upon wages and employment is impossible to fore. see, and would be imprudent to forecast. An immediate advance of prices, wages, and demand for labour would appear to be the inevitable consequence of a legal limitation of hours which involved an immediate reduction of output: the extent and duration or possible permanence of the equally inevitable reaction it is impossible to foretell, but it may be assumed that, both will greatl y depend upon the disposition of employers and workmen to co-operate to minimise any inconveniences that may arise in the initiation of a new system to the general public, and especially to the manufacturers of heavy goods for export. (15) That the export trade in coal is a trade founded on a complex economic basis-that it would be erroneous to assume, as some wit- nesses who gave evidence before us did assume, that any reduction in production would curtail to a corresponding extent the export trade alone—that, on the contrary, the majority of the foreign buyers would necessarily con- tinue to be effective competitors for a reduced supply of British coal, even at a greatly advanced price, but that for a certain and a considerable portion of our export trade which we have defined. foreign coal is in acute com- petition with British coal-that in these markets the effect of any special handicap to the British export, such as the late coal tax, is immediately effective in reducing British exports. (16) That the force of foreign competition, both in the export of coal, and of articles into the price of which the cost of fuel largely enters, is subject to the same influences which modify our exports of these articles, and that the legislative and the customary regulation of the hours of work in coal mines in foreign countries is such an influence in active opera- tion. (17) That certain countries. Austria, France, and Holland, have already restricted by law the hours of work of coal miners, but that these countries are not our most effective competitors in the export either of coal or of heavy goods into the price of which coal enters as a prin- cipal element. (18) That Germany and America, the countries which are the most effective competi- tors of Great Britain in these respects, have not uniformly limited by law the hours of coal miners, although in the case of the former the regulations respecting hours of labour which regulations respecting hours of labour which must be made at each mine must receive the sanction of the Mining Administrative Authority. (19) That in both Germany and America the present hours of labour underground in mines are shorter than they are in Great Britain, but longer than they would be under an eight hours law. (20) That in all foreign countries which have enacted laws to restrict the hours of coal miners the operation of those laws has been subject to certain permanent and temporary limitations and exceptions in the interests of the coal trade itself as well as in the public interest. (21) That although the interest of those en- gaged in other British industries in the ques- tion which is the subject of our inquiry is in- direct and confined to the questions whether a legally restricted working day for coal miners would be followed by a temporary deficiency in the supply of coal, accompanied by a probably disproportionate increase in the price, and whether it would be followed by a permanent increase in the cost of production, it is never- theless an interest of greater national import- ance than any immediate effects on the owners or workers in collieries. (22) That when a special statutory protection is afforded to the workers in a special trade. and more especially a trade of so great national importance, it may be considered advisable in this country, as it has been considered advig. able in all other countries which have enacted such laws. to reserve in the hands of the Department of the Government controlling mines certain powers of suspension and of ex-. ception in the public i nterest. We have not been able in the time at our disposal to make anv snecial inauirv reeardinsr the hours of labour in metalliferous mines, but such evidence as we have received on this subject appears to show that a day of approxi- mately eight hours is largely prevalent in such mines. Statistics of Working Hours. Preliminary investigations, which involved the collation of statistics obtained from over 3,000 collieries, enabled the Committee to fix the average working day in the United King- dom from bank to Lank at; 9 hours, 3 minutes. To reduce to 8 hours the time occupied under- ground productively or unproductively by all workers would make a reduction of 11*60 per cent. (hewers 7 per cent., other underground workers nearly 151 per cent.). In the East of Scotland the average time spent by the hewers underground does not exceed eight hours by more than about ten minutes, and the other workers' time averages a little longer than that of the hewers. In West Lancashire, on the other hand, hewers remain in the pits for 9 hours, and other men for 10A hours and in the Cardiff steam coal collieries both hewers and day men remain for 10 hours in the pits on the days of full work. i.e., four days in the week. Thess are the extreme cases. The time for meals and rest underground averaged 39 minut/ss for all classes. If the time occupied by traveling and meals be regarded. as many witnasses contended it should be regarded, as au irreducible minimum, and the whole reduce tion of hours is to he taken from the produc- tive time of the underground workers, the hours of the hewers would be curtailed, not by 7 per cent., but by 8*63 per cent., and those of the other men and boys, not by 151 per cont but by 17'64 per cent. The figures above given apply only to the days of full work. in most 's districts on one or two days of the week the hours ate by custom rcduced, and in some dis- tricts Saturday is recognised as a total" stop day for all collieries. In the Cardiff district the custom is four short and eight full days (a. considerable number of collieries work two short, and ten full days) in Swansea, district two short and ten full days, or four short and eight, full days are equally prevalent in Ilon- mouthshire four short and eight full days is the rule in Dean Fore.-t twelve full days are worked and in Bristol and Somersetshire two short and ten full days. The net result is an average of 49 hours 53 minutes per person per week, of which 5 hours 43 minutes is worked on short days and 44 hours 10 minutes on full days. It follows therefore that. 1146 per cent, of the aggregate time underground is accounted for by the cus- tomary short days, which an eight hours iaw would leave practically unaffected, and 88'54 percent, is accounted for i,v the full days Taking into cons deration that the latter por- bon only is affected by the percentage reduc- tion for the full day. the Committee's calcula- tions may be restated as follow Heductions in Aggregate Hours Underground. per cent. All classes underground..11 *6 x *8854- 10 27 7*0,< 6*20 Hewers orl,- Underground other than hewers .15*5 v •8554 — 13*72 Or if the net time productively spent under- gr-iir-(i (i.e,. ill-xvinz for deductions for tra- velling and meals) bo taken ;;3 the basis of calculation, the resuifc becomes Reduction in Aggregate Hours Spent Productively Underground. per cent. Hewers only 8*63 x -8854- 7-64 Underground other than 17 Ad v "I Stoppages of collierics for want of orders and other unusual causes, as shown in the tables of the Labour Department of the Board of Trade for the ton years ended 1906, left the mean work- ing week of all the collieries at 5'21 days (South Wales and. Monmouthshire at 5 55 being the highest, and Nottingham and Derby at 4'53 the lowest). The loss thereby of present lull working time is 7 24 per cent., and the effect is to reduce the average time underground in normal weeks from 49 hours 5.3 mins to 46 hours 16 mins Voluntary absenteeism caused a loss of 6'12 per cent. of full working time (49 hours 53 mins), or 3 hours 3 mins per week. Thus from the stoppage of pits and absen- teeism. the average hours are reduced from the theoretical Jull working time of 49 hours 53 mins to 43 hours 13 mins., which may therefore be taken as the actual average number of hours, bank to bank, for all classes in normal weeks 43 hours 13 mins per week, spread over six days, gives an a verage of 7} hours per day each day of the week all the year round except on general public and local holidays. Or assuming a Saturday equal to the present customary short day of 6 hours 13 mins, we have an average of 7 hours 24 mins for each of the other !ive days of the week. It must of course be borne in mind that the figures stated are not hours of work, but hours bank to bank, which include time spent underground in travelling to and from place of work and in meals. Reserve of Productive Power. The Committee point to the possibility of utilising the hours now lost to production by the above-mentioned causes, and add, for ex- ample, the shoit Mondays of seven and a half hours now worked in the steam coal collieries of Glamorganshire, as shown by Afr E. M. IIann-, manager of the Powell Duffryn Col- lieries, might conceivably be extended to eight hours. Mr Hann stated his helief that.. if hn (the miner) has s-uoh short hours in which to earn a living, he has got to be there every day, and it will influence his working pretty con- siderably." It appears (says the Committee) the more probable that a shorter day would result in more regular habits of work, from the fact they have ascertained, that the practice of absenteeism prevails chiefly among the hewers, a class who arc invariably paid by the piece. They were told by Mr Morgan W. Davies, of Swansea, that they impose what, if I may call it so, is a stint.' That is, a man is not allowed to do more than a certain amount of work, and very often it happens in some col- lieries that the men finish their work for the week by Wednesday evening or Thursday morning, and then they have Thursday, Friday and Saturday idle." This (the Committee add) we found to be an extreme example of a cus- tom or habit not unknown in other districts, and it appears tons to bo probable that the men of the hewer class especially will, in some districts to a considerable extent, endeavour to maintain their production with a short- ended day by more regular work. They found the historic evidence, which might be expected to throw light upon this branch of the inquiry, so scanty and complicated as to be of little value as a basis for a judgment of a. further reduction and regulation of hours. They were therefore disposed to pbice greater reliance upon the judgment of those witnesses who are best acquainted with the mining popu- lation to-day, and most experienced in colliery management. The report adds :—Mr E. M. Hann, a witfiess of the greatest experience, who, impartial consideration of the whole question under investigation impressed the Committee, stated, in relation to the hewers, I have had that question under considera- tion for some time, and I have come to the conclusion that these men can do more per hour than they are doing at the present time," and I am of the opinion that the men at the fa.ce could do 10 per cent. more than they do at present." Mr Bcamwell, also, a witness of very great experience, from South Wales, con- firmed Mr Hann's opinion as to the possibility and likelihood of an increase of efficiency in the South Wales hewer, but he estimated the incree of hh rate of production at 7! per cent. Mr Bramwell, however, gave to the Committee figures showing that the output of one of his collieries per hour during two short Saturdays of 7 j hours bank to bank exceeded the average output per hour of that colliery for the whole fortnight, consisting of two Mondays of 9A hours, eight long days of 10 hours, and two short Saturdays of 71 hours, by 10 per cent. The Coal Export Trade. The proposition maintained by more than one witness that the whole of the diminution in volume (of production) would fall upon tho export trade, because the home trade must have its coal no matter what the price may be. the Committee are not able to accept as being a sound economic forecast. The consumer of coai, whether at home or abroad, must have his coal no matter what the price may be if he is to continue his business. Of the 251,067,000 tons of coal raised in the United Kingdom in the year 1906 at mines and quarries, no lesrs than 58,198,000 were exported, to which must be added 18,590,000 tons shipped for the use of steamers engaged in the foreign trade, a total of 76,788,000 tons. In ten years our output has increased by 55,706,000 tons, and the greater part of this increase has been absorbed by the export, trade, which has in- creased in the same period by 32,210,000 tons thus, while the total output has increased 2S £ per cent., the export ha,s increased 72 per cent. It would appear, therefore, at first view, that the abounding prosperity of our coal export, trade is a proof of its vitality, but, it would be unsafe to come to this rapid and simple conclu- sion without further analysis, for the last 10 years h as been a period of unexampled growth in the consumption of coal throughout the world. Having a more direct bearing on the present inquiry, and affording a closer parallel to the condition that would arise in a time of scarcity artificially produced were the years in which such a scarcity was created by a direct limita- tion of the supply due to strikes. Such years were 189;, the year of the great strike of three months in the federated districts of England, and the year 1898. when the South Wales field was laid idle for five months. In the first of these years the total output of the United Kingdom was reduced by 17,460,000 tons, but the exporters took their full proportionate share of the diminished product at the high prices then current, and the total export was reduced only to the extent of 1,900,000. In the year 1898, the production of South Wales, the principal field for export coals, was reduced by some 9,000,000 tons, and the other districts, in spite of their utmost efforts and the stimulus of high prices, were not able fully to maintain the total national output. Yet the foreign buyers, driven from Cardiff, managed to secure their British coal. and the export was main- tained. and even slightly increased. From this survey alone, it mignt be concluded that the foreign buyer is our most tenacious customer, and "that so far from the whole of the diminution falling upon the export trade in a time of scarcity, he would secure his coal no matter what the price may be." But the historical examination of the effects of former periods of scarcity on the British exports of coal does not appear to the Com- mittee to afford conclusive evidence of what the effect of a. period of scarcity, whiyh might be followed by some permanent increase in the cost of production might be in view of the rapid extension of production in foreign coun- tries and the growth of the area of competi- tion. And on taking a wider, and at the same time a more detaiied. survey ot the export I trade, they cannot accept the reaasuring con- clusion, which might be deduced from past ex- perience, in any unqualified form. Particular j markets have been in great part lost, and others are being in part lost to this country by the development of new coalfields in all parts of the world. The large trade with Continen- tal India has shrunk to one-fifth of its former dimensions; the trade with British South Africa is following that of India; in fact, although British coal is shipped to all parts of the world, the British command of all distant markets has disappeared. Illustrative of the widespread nature of the foreign competition, the Committee here quote the figures given to them by Mr T. E. Watson as the contract prices current for this year to steamship owners for their bunker coal at various ports :-Cardiff 16s 6d, Newport 15s 6d, Rotterdam and Hamburg (Westphalian coal) 15s, Stettin (Silesian) 17s 6d, Mariupol (Rus- sian) 18s 6d, Norfolk, Virginia (American) 3.25 dollars or 13s5d. Pensacola (American) 3 dollars or 12s 4.1d, Calcutta (Indian) 9 rupees or 12s 4td, Durban (Natal) 17s—a list illustrative, but not exhaustive. Nevertheless, it, is obvious that British, and especially Welsh, ■ o&l does continue to go to all parts of the world in com- petition with coals produced far more cheaply at places much nearer at ha.nd. And this brings the Committee to the examina- tion of a remarkable phenomenon which accounts for the retention of a large export trade in successful competition with foreign coal with greater advantages both in cost of production and geographical situa- tion. The report proceeds A large part of our export coal trade cannot be considered in isolation, but must be considered in connection with our general import trade. The well-known and careful calculations made for a, long series of years by Mr John Williamson, of Liverpool. show that our imports consist of bulky and hcavv pro- duce, our exports, exclusive of coal, of valuable goods of small bulk and little total weight, amounting in weight and measurement to less than 25 per cent, of our exports. These valu- able exports are shipped almost exclusively by the liners, and the tramp steamers, which bring our timber and corn and other bulky articles of consumption, almost invari- ably load coal for their outward cargoes. This coal they must have or sail In ballast; there- fore, although the cost of coal from India, Australia, or Natal may determine the price in an Eastern market, it is more profitable for a British shipowner whose ship is chartered to load a homeward cargo at a ricc. port, for ex- ample, to carry D, cargo of coal to the Cape or Singapore to be sold at the price established by the cost of the Eastern coal rather than go out in ballast. The price of the coal f.o. b. at 0, Cardiff is onlv one factor in a composite busi- ness, one link in a chain. If this price rises disproportionately, the shipowner must and uces arcepi, a >ower ireigm, lor urie coal, aud he i3 generally compensated by the action of econormc law in the chartering market, by a increase in homeward freights. It is thus found that the British exporter re- tains a firm hold of a certain portion of the most distant markets; this portion is a quan- tity which cannot be increased except by a general increase of British or northern European imports, but it may be considered one of the most secure portions of our export trade, to that extent. There is a second and I arger portion of our exports which goes to ports in which British coal finds a natural and growing market, and in which it is sold on a sound economic basis, that is, a market in which the consumer Days the real cost f.o.b. at the British port, plus a living freight. Of this class the Mediter- ranean ports may be taken as typical. The more distant markets are not dependent upon British coal for their fuel supply: they take some of it as an economic convenience. These middle markets are principally. if not entirely, dependent upon the British supplies of fuel. The hold of the British exporter on this trade is at present, very firm. although some small encroachments have been made by German coal at Marseilles, and some other ports, and competition from America has been threat- ened, though not established. "An advance in the price of British coal. and of British coal only, would probably he mitigated to the consumer in these markets by the operation of the compensatory law which governs this intemations) trade. i.e., by a reduction in the outward freights on coal (caused by the increased foreign coal competi- tion preventing the fidl British advance in price operating in the foreign port), and by an advance in the return freights of goods to this and neighbouring countries. The British general consumer would thus bear part of tho loss. The Committee think the conclusion may be adopted that while Great Britain maintains her shipping supremacy, and her great import trade it would require a great disturbance in i he basis of prices of coal at British ports to dislodge her from the position of the principal exporter of coal to ports of this class. But there is a third class of exports, those to the nearer ports, from Hamburg to Nantes inclusive, which is in an ODtirely different cate- gory from those which have been mentioned. The coal is carried to these ports in collier steamers employed solely in this trade, which discharge their cargoes and return in water ballast to this country to reload. These steamers are t.o a, considerable and an increas- ing extent foreign owned. In this branch of the export trade, which amounts to about, 14 million tons, the problem of the effects of a rise in price is not complicated, and those effects themselves are not mitigated, by any considerations connected with return freights and an import trade. The foreign producer is on an exact level for competition with the British producer. If equal Westphalian coal can be shipped at Rotterdam at a cheaper rale than British coal at a British port, the collier steamers are equally available, and the French buyer will transfer his purchases to the cheaper seller- It, is in this branch of the export trade only that any perceptible encroachment upon the British markets during the period of the coal tax was proved to us. The. Com- mittee would he disposed to consider this the mal ginal trade, and the Com- mittee cannot resist the conclusion that any considerable advance in the price of British coal which did not equally apply to foreign coal, would at once injuriously affect our ex- ports to these ports, and that to a considerable extent. "In some respects, though not completely, the Scandinavian and Russian export coal trade, amounting to about 10 million tons. re- sembles that of the ports last considered, and may to some extent be classed as a marginal trade. The Committee's co-isideration of the question of the economic effect of the institution of an eight hour day for coal miners on the export trade, we must repeat, has been entirely based upon the assumed case of a reduced output, and consequently a considerable temporary increase in the price, to be followed by a possiblv smaller, but permanent increase in the cost of production of British coal and of British coal only."

Exciting Incident. WOULD-BE RESCUERS RESCUED. Cardiff Fireman's Plucky Header." DETECTIVES' TIMELY ARRIVAL. An exciting incident was witnessed by a number of people in Bute-road, Cardiff, on Wednesday evening, and but for the timely appearance of two detective officers and the plucky conduct of a young marine fireman named John Moggridge, 111 would, likely enough, have terminated in a tragedy. Mogg- ridge was talking to Violet Maynard(21) on the bridge which eroses the Glamorganshire Canal, when the young woman became very excited, and, muttering something inaudible, ran down the steps leading from Bute-road to the canal side. The next moment she was struggling and shouting in the canal, where- upon two men—William Emery and Harry Helps, who live at 60. Adeline-street, Fast Moors. Cardiff—without divesting themselves of any clothing, jumped into the water after her. The girl's struggles resulted in the two would- be reSCllel themselves getting into serious peril, and their cries for help brought Detec- tive-Inspector Davey and Detective-Sergeant Grctton on the scene. While the two officers devoted their attention to limery and Helps—who were pulled out, of t.be water in an exhausted condition—Moggridge took a header into the water and struck out for Violet, Mavnard. The girl's struggles had become weaker, and the gallant young fireman was able to pilot her to the side of the canal, where Detective- Inspector Davey and Detective-Sergeant Gret- ton were ready to receive her. Maynard was carried in a semi-conscious condition to Bute- street police station and detained there. She will be brought up at the police court this morning charged with attempting to commit suicide. Helps and Emery behaved pluckily, yet but for Moggridge the girl might have been drowned.

DOWN THE INCLINE. A Gloomy Epic on Russia's Condition. The St. Petersburg correspondent of the "Telegraph" takes a more gloomy view of the position of affairs in Russia than any other correspondent in that country. He says General social dissolution and general political decomposition are progressing cease- lessly onward towards the unimagined issues prescribed by Fate. The cement not only of the political, but of the social and religious fabrics is fast crumbling away, the joists arc creaking, and every girder is strained to the, breaking point. The newspapers are daily filled with grue- some narratives of murders, raids, conflagra- tions, robberies, plots, and crimes committed with the cruelties of medieval refinement. The people, losing their sense of obligation, are growing more and more addicted to drunkenness. The Premier is entangled in the meshes of a pseudo-constitution, and environed by official elements that are hostile or impotent. The nation is living in the death element, and the regime is verging towards a tragic end.

SUICIDE BY FIRE. '1 GIRL'S TERRIBLE FATE. An inquest was held at Belfast on Tuesday on the body of a 19 year-old girl named Anne Hughes, who committed suicide by setting herself on fire. She had left home to seek refuge at the Union, whence she was removed to the home of an aunt. During the night she saturated her hair with paraffin, which flowed over her clothing, and then applied a match. In her agony she screamed for her uncle, who, with assistance, was eventually able to ex- tinguish the flames. The half-cremated girl was conveyed to the hospital, where she died immediately. She admitted setting herself on fire, and said, I am tired of life, and thought T should suffer no pain." It was stated on Tuesday that the girl's home life had been pitiable, and the jury added to their verdict a rider censuring the father.

WORTH THINKING OVER. C',nrrint Bread," said the King's doctor about a year ago, is a most wholesome food." Such an opinion, coming from so high an authority, s«t psople thinking, and, as a, result ot British deliberation, there has arisen a steady demand for this bread. Tha currant loaf is exceedingly thrifty in daily tis-, for the fnut both cntriches the bread and keeps it from getting dry, &0 that Ui ueeds vatv Uttle bufxo-

11 EL IAP pinLIA •r- ? v. v SOAP B H! i # 9 s No Advance 0 V in Price for the present I t' Sold everywhere D. 23_E>. «» a bar i Heave's Food I Assists Teething: consequently promotes the healthful sleep, so essential to the well-being of the infant. U' I Quickly and easily prepared. P Purveyors by Special Appointment to H.I.M. the | Empress of Russia. Gold Medals, London, t900 _1-6

A NEW CHURCH AT FOCHRIW. Lord Tredegar & the New Theology The ceremony of laying the foundation stone of a new church at Fochriw was performed by Viscount Tredegar on Wednesday. His Lordship was met at (lie railway station by the clergy of the district, Rev.T. Jesse Jones. rector of Gelligaer, who represented the Bishop Rev. T. Theophilus, R.D., Tredegar; Rev. T. Hees. vicar of Pontlottyn Rev. J. J. Llewellyn, vicar of Beaufort Rev. D. Mathias, vicar of CaJdicot, Hev. J. J. Llewelyn Thomas, vicar of Aberpergwm; Rev. E. (J. T. Theophilus, vicar of St. James', Tredegar Rev. J. A. Rees, curate of Fochriw Rev. B. Glover, curate of Pont- lottyn Rev. Isaac Williams, curate of Rhymncy: and Hev. R. Morgan, curate of Brithdir. Outside the station the K. Company of the S.W.B. Volunteers lined, up under the command of Captain W. R. Jackson. A pro- cession was formed, headed by the Fochriw Brass Band, under the leadership of Mr Wil- liam Powell, followed by the Church Lads' Brigade, ambulance sections, the church choir in surplices, and others, amongst the memhers of the general public being Colonel 31. Lindsay, Ystrad Mynach County Councillor D. W. Evans, Councillors J. V.dwards. Deri; J. Llewellyn, L. Evrms. Dr. Eleazer Davies, Fochriw; Dr. 3. Jones, Pontlottyn; Messrs Stuart Martin, Dow'.ais: Morgan H. Sims, Deri; E. iivans, Fochriw J. W. Jones, manager, J. E. Jones, Tirphil and W. D. Phillips, Pontlottyn. The usual church service was held on the site of the new building, and the deed of consecra- tion having been signed, his Lordship was pre- sented with a silver trowel, with which the stone was laid. Subsequently the party marched back to the Council's shools, where a cold luncheon was served. Rev. T. Rees, J.P., vicar of Pontlottyn, presided. Dr. Davies, in proposing the toast of The forces spiritual and temporal," stated that the spiritual forces at Fochriw all combined for the common good. The Rev. T. Theophilus, R.D., responded,! and referred to the great, uphill work which the late Canon Barris achieved when the eccle- siastical parish extended from Hengoed to Dowlais Top. in establishing churches in all the villager!. The building at Pentwyn, which will now be substituted by the new structure nearer the village, was the only means of educa- tion in the parish in those days., Be com- plimented Sir Alfred Thomas, M.P., upon his broad-minded vitws in regard, to the Church of England and her clergy, and paid a tribute to the Rev. J. A. Rees, the curate, for the energy shown in collecting funds for the new church. Rev. T. Roderick acknowledged the toast on behalf of the TSoDConformist and Capt. Jackson for the temporal forces. Rev. J. A. Rees, in an excellent speech, pro- posed the health of Lord Tredegar. In responding, Lord Tredegar said he had the greatest sympathy with all denominations. The clergy and ministers were hard-working men, who were poorly paid for their labours. Mr Spurgeon on one occasion, when reading of a vacancy for a curate where the salary offered was very small. said the position was one which would suit the archangelgabriel,because I he would want no clothes and no cash, and he could come down from Heaven on Sunday morning and go back on Sunday night. (Laugh- ter. ) There were to-day amateur theologians who wrote sermons upon creeds. One man who wrote a book and afterwards read it was ter. ) There were to-day amateur theologians who wrote sermons upon creeds. One man who wrote a book and afterwards read it was seen to be crying. Asked what he was crying about, he said it was because he could not understand his own book (Laughter.) These were the sort of gentlemen who wrote now about science and religion. Some people thought that they understood it when they read books on the New Theology. He hoped that the church at Fochriw when completed would he filled, and that the real and true Gospel would he preached there. Mr G. H. Randall proposed the toast of the architect, builders, and Buuding Committee, which was acknowledged by Mr R. E. Douglas Hoyland. the architect, and Mr C. Payne. Air T. H. Jones, M.E., proposed the toast of "The Subscribers," which was acknowledged by Mr Thomas Roberts and the Rev. T. Jesse Jones, M.A., R.D., Gelligaer. The toast of The Visitors was proposed by Mr Joseph P?yne, and responded to by Colonel Lindsay and Dr. R. T. E. Davies, New Tredegar. Mr J. Griffiths, the secretary of the church, read out a statemcr. '-bowing that EI.IL) had been collected by a; and L34 received that day. Description of the Building. The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, will have seating accommodation in the main building for 300 persons. There will be a baptistry, choir, chancel, transept, sacristy and an organ chamber. The buuding will be heated throughout by hot air chambers. The walls will be lined with terra cptta. The total cost will be about ZI,610 Messrs Williams and Sons. New Tredegar, are carrying out the work from plans prepared by Mr R. E Douglas Hoyland, London.

NEW CHAPEL AT HEOLYCYW. The Opening Ceremony. The new Bethel Congregational Chapel, which has been built to meet the needs of the growing district of Heolycyw, near Pencoed, was opened on Tuesday by Dr. E. J. Parry, J.P., Pontycymmer, who was introduced to a large gathering by the Rev. H. Eynon Lewis. pastor of the church. Dr. Parry opened the church door with a silver key presented to him by Mr Ward David, of Llanharran, the con- tractor. Afterwards a service was held in the new chapel, when addresses were delivered by Dr. Parry, the Rev. H. Eynon Lewis, and a number of ministers and laymen from the dis- trict.

The King concluded his visit, at Reigate Priory on Wednesday, leaving by uiotor tor Buckingham Palace about U.,po.

WAITING WITH AN AXE P A ROUGH RECEPTION AT CARDIFF With his left arm in splints and bis forehead swathed in a lint bandage Henry Brown, a fisherman, attended Cardiff Court on Wednes. day to charge Richard Morgan with violently assaulting and inflicting grievous bodily harm on him by breaking his left arm and cutting his head at a house in Eldon-street on Vi hit- Tuesday evening. Prosecutor described how he went to the house where Morgan lived —and where he him- self had recently lodged-with the intention of looking for a woman, and went upstairs to the room. Failing in hi3 quest he was coming downstairs. when he saw the prisoner waiting at the bottom with n pick-axe handle in his hand. Brown at once turned and ran up again, but when ventur. ing down again found the prisoner still waiting. When prosecutor reached the passage, prisoner struck at him with the handle, and Brown seek- ing to protect his head received the blow on his arm, which was broken. Further blows were struck, cutting Brown's head open, and he was also scratched about the face by Mrs Lowell, who lives in the bouse. Cross-examined by prisoner, Brown admitted butting his opponent with his tii ad, but denied that, the injuries were caused hv fail- Elvira Samuel, who lives cl-7?- iy, described how she saw Brown rush :õf the house covered with blood." He s- !1;red and fell against the railings. The prisoner following smashed a front window with the pick, and jumping through struck at Brown again, but was prevented by the witness, who seized his arm. Brown was afterwards conveyed to Dr. Pittard's surgery, where his injuries vvere-at- tended to. P.C. Franklin said that when charged the prisoner replied, It is wrong. What I did I did with my hands. Dr. Pittard said the inside of the lip was cut, and on the left side of the head was a wound two inches long, extending down to the bone, such as might have been caused by a blunt in. strument. The left forearm was considerably bruised, and one of the bones broken in more than one place. Prisoner was committed to take his trial at the Dext Assizes.

CRIED FOR "MAMMA." A PATHETIC SCENE AT CARDIFF. Frances Llewellyn or Blanche (33) was sentenced to four months' imprisonment at Cardiff on Wednesday for assisting in the management of a disorderly houfe in Sophia- street between May 7th and 22nd. Prisoner pleaded guilty, and asked that the penalty be made light, so that I can pay it." Court?Sergeant Price proved a number of pre. vious convictions for similar offences, and the Bench said they must now impose the maxi- mum penalty. A girl of some three or four years was afterwards brought up in charge of a female warder, and it was stated that the little-one was in the house at the time oi the arrest. The guardian of the child was in court. and said that she left the baby at the prisoner's house whilst she went out to work. The Bench ordered the child to be sent to the Workhouse for a week, in order that the father (who had disappeared) might be found, and a statement as to the little one received from him. As the girl was carried out, of court she cried piteously for Mamma," and for some time afterwards her lamentation resounded through the court and corridors, the efforts of the woman warder being fruitless to console her.

TOBACCO AND A LICENCE. Rival Tradesman's Complaint. Before the Pontypridd Stipendiary on Wed- nesday, Griffith Davies, grocer, was summoned at the instance of the Inland Revenue for hawk- ing and selling tobacco without a licence. Mr Finnicane, supervisor, prosecuted, and Mr W. P. Nicholas defended. Mr J. Edward Brooks, tobacconist, Ponty- pridd, stated that when he was soliciting orders on the 8th April at Cilfynydd he saw the de- fendant's servant in Mr Rabbaiotti's shop. An order was given, and defendant's servant de. livered there and then two boxes of cigarettes. When be spoke to the defendant, who came on the scena, be (Mr Davies), so witness alleged, told him to mind his business and go home. Cross-examined by Mr Nicholas He did not know the quantity of the order. Mr Rabbaiotti said that he gave an order for various things that morning, and being short of cigarettes, he asked defendant's servant to spar3 him two boxes, which were handed to him. Mr W. P. Nicholas emphasised that an order had been given .and his cl ient only accom- modated his customer by sparing hun two boxs of cigarettes. The order was not received and executed at the same time. The informant was a ri v-al tradesman, and had laid information out of prejudice. The Bench dismissed the case.

COMMITTEE'S EFFICIENCY. Pontypridd Guardian's Indictment. At a meeting of Pontypridd Guardians on Wednesday, Alderman E. H. Davies, J-P- pre- siding, Mr Roderick Morgan (Treorky) moved that the Lunacy Committee be dissolved, and that te work be delegated to the Relief Com- mittee, as he was satisfied that the latter were more competent to deal with the cases. The Chairman remarked that since the. appoint- ment of the Lunacy Committee the collections towards the maintenance of the inmates had gone up 100 per cent. ~Nx"Morgaai said he was mclined to believe that they were collecting too much. One person earning 24s a week wa3 contributing 8s 2d for maintenance. ("No, no." "Name.") He could not give the name, as it was not in his district, but it was on the hooks. The Chairman All persons having a. I grievance are asked to appear before the com- mittee. It was eventually decided to adjourn I the question for the production of figures as to payments made.

NEATH YOUTH'S SAD DEATH Notabls Juvenile Footballer. Samuel David Daymond, son of Mr Day- mond. landloid of the White Lion public-houset I Cattle-street, Neath, died at his father s house on Wednesday from infbries received whilst at his work at the Ortti try-n Colliery on. Thursday last, when bi.; bead was severely crushed. Deceased, who was 17, was the brilliant, half- back of the Welsh boys' tnternational Rugby football team, and he wa^ the player who ao distinguished himself in the match at Leiceste*