The Cardiff Times

THE GROWING DEMAND for Paastable and Nutritious BROWN BREAD, in which all NATURAL WHEAT properties art preserved, as also the true WheatmeaJ flavour, if met by REYNOLDS GOLD MEDAL DIGESTIVE WHEATMEAL BROWN BREAD. Supplied by all Bakers and Stores. J. REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., MILLERS, GLOUCESTER. REYNOLDS1 BROWN BREAD has been favourably referred to by The Lancet." 3705

By D. EMLYN EVANS. MUSICAL SCHOLARSHIPS AND THE EISTEDDFOD, Thoughtful musicians have long recognised **< fact that tbe awarding of mere money prizes n the solo classes at tba National Eis- Jeddfod and other leading competitions, awever considerable in amount those prizes Irllgbt be, is not tbe eight and cer- tain way to advance us musically as a people a°e of benefiting the prize-winners themselves, IUld to assist tbem in their artistic efforta, jtaticularly if following the arc as a profession e the ultimate aim. The material, the voice, be there—and what wte have now mainly in v'ew ia tbe vocalist. Ita owner may well merit, that score, all the compliments which adju- a,cators occasionally liberally pay bim or her, to the wealth of natnral vocal talent found In the Principality. Bnt if no measures be taken for forLber improvement by means of a sys- tetnatlc and continuous course of training under O&pable and experienced guidance, then. indeed, the winning of prizes is of very doubtful benefit. It does not, and can not, evolve the accom- plished artist and it makes the winner less diaPosed and titted to follow his or her ordinary location in life—in commerce, labour, or Whatever direction it may lie. What we produce under the present system, or lack of system, is a class of what **•7 be termed semi-professionals, who are really competitors with the profes- artist, proper in a market which 'every direction is universally acknowledged to greatly overdone already. Of course, it is an oPen door, and the amateur, semi-professional, Or Whatever he may be called, baa full right to en'er bft the question, nevertheless, is one *hieb affects, not the individual alone, bnt the naticn as a whole, the present wastage being Obly too evident. It is not often that An Eisteddfod Presidential Address bOYiadaYI possesses any interest beyond that of the moment, but the president's speech-at Mount 'in Ash National Eisteddfod, appropos of thia CJlle-tion, was a welcome and valuable exception, one which not only attracted attention at lue time of delivery, bat demands further coo- '•deration at t ho bands of all lowers of Welab JfcQaic. To gaote Mr Owen's remarks as reported 0 the daily issue of this journal, It appeared 'o hitn to be a defect in tbe Eisteddfod system ao many brilliant and promising singers from time to time be allowed to disappear sink Into ohtivion. An exceptionally bri!- aDt soloist came into prominence at one meet- IIlR, and might continue to shine with great JWendour for two or three years, bat Or. the lack of proper training and *°'ce cultivation he or she was eclipsed 7 others, and, meteor-like, theee beau- **01 singers disappeared from view." Accord- "g to theepeaker, Immediately the Eisteddfod -.s o\er, the yoaug man or young woman framed to their respective avocations, and thay bad no facilities for training they "ete beaten by others, and their talents lost to That may be true of some, bot in be opinion of musicians who .have observed the ÐtOeellø rather closely for a nnmber of yeara, the ?*jority, either of their own choice, or from tbe Oref of circumstances, go to form tbe class of 'bi-professionals already spoken of, who keep competing at multifarious contests, from JJ'oaa of tbe National Eisteddfod down to tbe 'ballenge and champion eolo events, ^^aiODally securing some concert engagement!, who nltimately ^Disappear and Sink Into Oblivion." w,M»w exceptional oases where the person .& Dcsaessed of sufficient ability, backed by |.e°aoeasaiy amount of ambition and plnok, y have been IIbl. to foige their way ahead, Monrs^ respectable position a.s artists, artistry is out of tbe question if one is con- to live in tbe world of competition. Real *stlc progress is impossible under such condi- tloDa; and one of the fatal mistakes, which not ")tal, the singers make in considering— or appear "l! to consider— tba$;the simple winning of prizes, or many, brings them to the end of all need- B afforts, but also our concert committees, who to think that the successful singer of a *ad, song, or solo, is made thereby a fullv- 8:JQ.ippe¡i artiat, capable of interpreting a solo in any complete work, such as a cantata oratorio. To a Singer Possession of a good voice in essential, but It j. not the aole thing essential and it is not ^htil we shall be able to free ourselves from voice-worship that we shall, as a people, 0,,y realise our duty in the matter of ade- quately training oar young artists. fiow tbis may be accomplished is tbe problem. Owen proposes scholarships aa a means to- that end. and suggests "That the National Eisteddfod committees, conjointly with the Rational Eisteddfod Association, tbe University Alleges, and other ednaational bodies, ahould ton.ider tbe expediency of modifying the pre- sent method of offering substantial prizes for '^oists. with tbe view of providing a scholarship **ery year for a singer of exceptional brilliancy 'bd Promise adding that Tbij, in the past, produced Edith Wynne, Ben DavieB, David and Ivor Foster, besides others, and "ould in the future prodace many more of the calibre." We do not remember—and we ^Ve to trust to memory at present-"that either Wynne, Mr Ben Davies, or Mr David were the holders of any scholarships, b11t simply "Children of the Eisteddfod," which arena they first proved thtir talent. others there were, in addition to Mr Ivor ^oater, and notably Mrs Mary Davies, whose "^tar-success goes to prove the soundness of the Speaker's argument, although it must be con- ceded that there are also failures to bo recorded. boMever, is inevitable, and bat supports I "hat has been already observed in regard to the n'teøeity of a vocalist possessing other qualitiea *han those of the voice only. An examiner or an ^jadioator cannot prophecy he can bat !I¡.eak O[ breaent performance and future poaaibilitiM father the singer can develop and reach into things ia another qaestion. That is the '"•at question, too, io regard to the advisability, °* otherwise, of the selection of singinft as a ^'ofeseion. Altboagh the market i" already and always more than fall, itS presiOnsly stated, 8b f Ire is also, as alw-tya, ample room and demand Or the male or female vocalist that can really «*cel, not in tbe matter of voice only, but in I Intellectual Power and Soul. I?roper training can bring this to the test in ^'t, at least. That, in the caaB of a large per- c«ntsge of yonng Welsh aingers: would bo a Qtlenion chiefly of ways and means. We fear that the resources of the institutions named in tbe above address are none too great for their I needs but that difficulty should not be '°3tinij0untable if the matter were taken in hand Variously by the National Eisteddfod Rod edoca- t'otial authorities of the country. Even the hsoney prizes of the National Eisteddfod may be pranged aud awarded to a more effective purpose. the awards and competitors conld b# ^ded and systematised; there should be a 'out to the continual competing and winning of tnl) same individuals and the absurdity of the •aWe parson competing and winning ia two •tinct and different classes of voiMB ,!hould be rendered impossible, both for tb, sake cf tho person, the institution, "ud the mnaical art. These, and other c°H«iderationa which could be advanced, ^ot>ld not militate ngaiust the masleal scholar- ship idea, but wonld rather help in facilitating being adopted and canied oat with eatii- Uctory teaults.

Degrees of Obstinacy. t, Richard Brinsley Sheridan always maintained the Dake of WrellinKton would succeed in ^ortugal, while his friend, General Tarleton, wad the opinion that be would fail. The matter one of constant dispute between tha two. p Tarleton, who had been nrou?,grcw obstinate. ~^o»equently. when the news of the retreat of French at Torres Vedrae arrived in this Sheridan, by way of a taunt, said,— Well, Tarleton, are yon on your high borse •tui ? • Ob, higher than ever," was the reply. II *vas on a bi^h horse before I am on au elephant Sow." No, no, my dear fellow," eaid the wit, you »0(^0Q *° *M '}efore> accl yon aro 00 aia^

Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Ejngion By CADRAWD. CARADOG AP BRAN. (Continued.) Upon the«neces»ion of Gwydyr to the throne of his father—Cynfelin—for causes not now dis- coverable, he declined to pay any further tribute to Rome, or to exchange hostages. Tho Roman legions were too busily occupied at the time—a fact no donbt well known to Gwydyr, to take immediate cognisance of his defalcation but tbe incident was not overlooked at Rome—the notice of it was only postponed to a more favour- able seison. Caligula, in his short reign, did threaten invasion, and joined the Roman army in Gaul with the intention of crossing over into Britain and bringing Gwydyr back to snbmiseion. He came as far as Boulogne, but found the Channel occupied by a Beet-the first British navy mentioned in bistory-nnder the command of Gweirydd. Thinking the r'sk too great. be, after holding a grand review of his troops on the sanda at Boulogne, returned to Rome to his pleasures and bis vices, got himself worshipped as a Rod, and waa eventually murdered. His uncle and aooceeaor, Claudius, a man whose moral character w&s not much better than his own, and who has had the misfortune of being linked in history with ttvo of the most infamous women known, Valeria Mcssalina andAgrip- pina, the mother of tbe monster Nero, deter- mined to bring the Britons to their knees. A time of profound peace had arrived, when every coiner of tbe huge Roman Empire excepting Britain bad become humble and obedient to the central power. The time was therefore highly propitious, and it vas essential that tbe Roman army should have employment, the preat-Dce of so many legions in the city of Rome being dangerous to the peace of the city. Ciandios therefore decided in the 43rd year of the Christian era to send the General AUHUB Plautua with a large army to invade and occupy Britain. It ia certain that the refnsal of Gwydyr to pay tribote had destroyed the intimate and fiiendly relations which bad existed in Cpnfeiin'e time between Britain and Rome. No Romans now visited the British Court, and Britisb youth no longer resorted to Rome for education or foi pleasure. News from Rome, in spite of tbis, did fenatrate into Britain, for the decision of Clandiue to invade was known at Colchester. In a few weeks after it waa decided. Whereapon Gwvdyr sent out the flasr of the Red Dragon to all the tribes, calling upon tbe obiets to send their contingents to join the forces of Gwydyr on the Kentish coast to meet the invasion, and we have now arrived at the period wben Caradog ap Bran enters upon the scene. Gwydyr with bia small army marched into Kent to the place of rendezvous, and the contin- gents from a few of the tribes joinei him tbere but tbeip does not seem to have been any marked promptitude or willingness displaced generally to obey his call to arms. During Cynfelin's Ion. and splendid reigu Britain had. enjoyed such profound internal and external peace and such marked prosperity, that the feeling of danger from invasion had become weak, and Gwydyr himself, though a brave and able man, did not enjoy tbe popularity bis father bad enjoyed, nor was there tbe same oonfidenoe reposed in him. He had not succeeded in continuing and cultivating the friendly feeling which had prevailed amongst the various tribes for a lengthened period. Many of the tribes were not. after such a long peace, ready to obey promptly Gwydyr's sum- mons. The consequence was there ft as mach delay. While Gwydyr was anxiously awaiting the arrival of affa levies and watching tbe opposite coast, oww* arrived in his camp that tbe Hoinan legions at Bonlogbe bad mutisie.i, and bad r'efnaed toprooeed toBritaiu, and, in fact, hung ap their arms, pleading that though they were prepared to go anywhere in the world after their general, Britain was out of the world, and they would not trust themselves on unknown waters." The receipt of this newa yielded immense joy to the British, and under its influence the amall force surrounding Gwydyr rapidly melted away. That Buoh mutiny had occurred wat> perfectly true, but was of short duration. Aulius Plautus, though an able general, waa not a second Julias CMaar, and his legions had not bad much experi- ence of his abilities, and therefore bad not mach faith in bis capacity. In a few weeks, through the intercession of a Romaneanich named Narcissus, who was endowed witL remarkable powers of per- suasion, the troops by means of argument and expostulation were induced to eopsent to embark, and they crosied over in tbreo divisions. There landing was not disputed in the least, Gwydyr himself having returned to bis capital with his amaH army. The Romans, after resting and making every necessary preparation undisturbed, marched to the north towards London. They hod proceeded as far as Rochester, where they were quite uo- peetedly set upon with immense impetuosity by a body of abpat 5,000 Britons under tbe command of Caradog-a small number, indeed, to bave tbe I termerity to attack a huge body such as the Roman armv was, consisting of, at the lowest computation. 50,000 men. For a short time the Romans were struck withsuch astonishment that they exhibited a disposition to yield and retire, but being aroused to a sense of shame by the amallneas of the nnmber confronting tbom. they rallied, and caused the Britons to fly, which tbe latter seemed to do with the same impetuosity and rapidity which had characterised their attack. Tbe Romans bad now, for the first time in Britain, met a foe destined to give them more trouble and to slay more of their soldiers than all the other tribes united ever succeeded in doing. Roman historians have been obilged to confess this, and they bave done full jnstice to the patriotism and the indomitable valour displayed by the Silures on this occasion, aHd on all otbera when confronted by them and led by Caradog ap Bran.

Hard Work in Being a Doctor. A woman asked Conan Doyle one day why he had given op the practice of medicine Because the work was too bard," Doyle answered. Ob, it can't be hard to be a doctor." It ;11 both hard and unpleasant. And to prove it,-1 said tbe novelist, I'll tell you about mv first case. My first case came to ma in the middle of the night. It waa January, and R cold rain was falling. Tba jungle of the door-bell awoke me from a sound sleep, andj shivering and yawning, I put my head out of the window and said, Who's there ?' Doctor, said a voice. can you come to Peter Smith's house at Once 7' What's the trouble ?' I asked. 'Smith's youngest girl has taken a dORe of laudanum in mistake for paregoric, and we're afraid she'll die.' All light. I'll come,' I said. I dressed, &DdH tramped three miles through the cold and the rain to Smith's. Twice on tbe way I fell on the icy pavement, and once my bat blew off, and in the darkness I was nearly balf an hour in finding tt. Finally, tbough, I reached Smith's. But the house was dark-shutters all clOBed-noli a light. I rang the bell. No answer. But at last a head stuck itself gingedyoutof a third storey window. I.. Be you 0,. Doyle ?' it said. Ses,' said 1.. Let me in.' Ob. no need to come in doctor,' said the head. 1 The child's all right now. Sleeping very quiet.' But how muoh lannannm did yon g"e it 2' said I. Only two drops, doctor. Not enough to hurt a cat. I guess T'd better take my bead in now. Tha night air is cold. Good night. Sorry to have troubled von.' I buttoned up my coat and turned home- ward, trying aa beat I could to stifle my mortifi- cation and anger. But suddenly tbe window was raised again, and the same voice cried- Doctor I say, doctor 1' "I hurried back. I thought tbe child had f suddenly taken a turn for the worse. Well, what do you want V I said. The voice made answer— Ye won't charge nothin' foi this visit, will ye?' Mr Grey He a sorry now that he quarrelled witb her. •> Mrs Grey She'd gone borne to bar mother, I suppose *—' No she's got her mother to come home to her. Graft is surprisingly common," said the apprehensive citizen. '0 Tbat is where you are wrong," answered Senator Sorghum. A real good graft is getting to be one of the scarcest things in one once proud and luxurious civilisa- tion." J

Illustrated Humour. What Did He Mean ? Raoley (the minor poet): I usually earry a notebook to jot down my ideas, but I forgot it '°Friend Wonld a visiting card be too large? Chip Of The Old Block. What a fine head your boy bILl," said the admiring friend. les," replied the fond father, be's a chip of the old block, ain't yoa, my boy?" Yet, father, I think so. At any rate the maetor said yesterday that I was a young block- bead." Where Ignorance Is Bliss, Old Mr Brownson (reading the paper) I see that in the recent srorm at sea a ship loaded with passengers rent ashore, Old Mrs Brownson (placidly): How fortunate 1 I can imagine haw glad those passengers were to get on dry land. Brief And To The Point. Messenger Boy (pointing to name-J. Umen- eskbeeten Laustpul-on door): Pleasa aut, are you it ? If It Didn't. Old Gentleman (anxiously) Does this train stop at London? Porter: Well, I reckon if it don't, sir, you will see the biggest smash tip yon have evet seen. One For Tbe Maid. In the early morn the fresh city boarder met the rustic dairymaid carrying a coupla of foam- ing milk pniJR. I:la. good morning, my dear," !ha aaid, pa- tronlalngiy. "Howls the milkmaid r" Taiat made at all, kind air," she aaid, We take it from th' cows. Hardly Surprising. The telephone, it is said, makes slow progress in Russia, and small wondet! Fancy a man going to an instrument and sbontinR- Hullo, is that yon, Dvisastkivcbsmart- voiczski ?" No. it is Zoliemschocskaffirnoeknstiffsgrow- off. Who is tbat speaking ?" 11 Seximocrockrerbyerakamakiechchokemofl. I want to know if Xliferomanskefflakillmajuwchz- vaBtowskawcibieraki is still stopping with Drvisa- etkivchsmartvoiczski ?" Taking Advantage. There's a new yoang man calling on MIlS Maade this evening," aaid the fox-terrier, and he seema real nice." Yes, I beard her say be was nice enough to eat," replied the bulldog on tbe lawn "thats what I'm waiting for." Pat's Opinion Of His Children. Ye paya no more attention to me," said Pat- rick to his children, than if I was a drunk baste talking to yez." One Word Needed. Editor: Tuat noem of vours, "I saw myself in a Dreary Waste," is splendid. IL juat neads one word to complete it. Poet (delighted) What is it I'll be glad of any suegeation. Editor: "Basket." No Wonder. An old lady waa admiring tbe picture "Saved," Well," she said at laat, "no wonder the poor child fainted after polling that great dog ont of the water I" Have Yon Experienced That ? It is not pntting things in the right place that bothers one to much as finding the right place after one has put things in it. In a Harry. O'Roavke Phat's come over yoa, O'Toole ? Yez seem to be painting that house aa if yez were doincit for a wager. • O'Tcole: Whitt. Stan' oot 0' the way and don't ahtop me. Oi'm sbtriving to git through before me paint gives oat. Grandfather When I was a little boy like you, I used to go down in the kitchen and watch the cook mash potatoes.—Grandson YCB, grandpa, but r love to go down and watch her mash the policeman.

SCIENCE AND HEALTH — 1 By Dr. ANDREW WILSON, F.R.8.E., Sc. Smallpox Infection. Reference has been made to this subject on more than one occasion in this eolnmn. The sub ject is an all-important one in view of the protec- tion of tbe people from infection. Since the daya when Mr Power investigated the case of the London Smallpox Hoiipital at Folbamwith refer- ence to infection, and since the publication of his report, in which he showed tbat cases of smallpox diminiahed practically the further removed houses were from the hospital, it has generally been assumed bv medical officera of health that, despite all the care and attention which may be Paid in hospitals to disinfecting questions, a liability d008 aixist to the diffusion of the germs of tbis disu^go by means of the air. We can readily tbat tbe microbes here, being, of courae of infinitesimally minute size, are extremely difficult of repression by ordmary modes of dhsir.ection. Every care is taken in hospitals m ocdor to prevent the diffu- sion of gorms, Dutit is beyond the power of the greatest human akill al.4(t care to ensore that the. spread of germs from a great centre barbonring manyamaHpoxcaaei sbould be efficiently pre- vented. Recently » Kepoit was issued by the Local Government Board of England tegarding DiQn9 .n^*iQnz s™allPO* in Liverpool in the years J902 and 1903. jQthreat in this publi- cation arose from tto»fact tjjat tj,e investigation was undertaken wntf tofeience to tbe infection occurring from three hospitals devoted to the recaption of smallpox persons. The concluaions of.the experts are of a.u extremely interesting kina, and lead us towards some confirmation of the old notion that ibfectjon is more liable to occur in the Dear vicinity of emallpux bospi- tals than at a greater aiatance. Some Details. It may be well in tbo interests of public life to note the concisions at which the investigator ar- mifhln 6X*mPle' that in '"lectild areas within a each of tbe thjee L; pool hoapitsls suffered mor« .eversly from email- pox than the whole city. I?J tbe B3cond nlmCB< exceptional occurrences of smallpox within-tbese areas correspond xn poJnt oft)eie with the use of these hospitals for aQQta 8malipox cases. A thjrd conclusion finds tbat, broadly #Pfaking, within theie hospital aroaa the dwellings nearer ths hospital bave sustained a far heavior inci- dence of .m*llpox than those situated fortber away. The opinion ja expressed that, re- gardine ail the circum^ the experts are compelled to consider that the influence of these hospitals has been responsible in material degree for the considerate and snstainod pre- valence of ,m^Pox m m the mentioned. The Medic*! Officar of Heatlb of Liverpool, it sbonld be a.d.\ttö, ba. traversed cer- tain of these conclrmons. He regards the pre. nJeneeof smallpox as dae to cases an connected with at least two of tbe hospitals. With refer- t°/he third hospital, tbe medial officer sa* that the facta lend no colour to tbe conciu- aions sought to be drawn fcem them. For more f CMa ,°f Priory-road Hospi tal in Liverpool, the medical officer asserts that the the whole pjpubtioQ whhia a quai»et0fa i lt ^tije security during the whole of that time. When doctors differ pro- l lhonld #,and and allow the differences to be adjudicated upon by independent expert op,njon. At the same time it appears to me that the Local Government ^w«fahuP#imonnVat f6**1" "*n bis 6,cie a very con- aiderable amount of sSpgt>#t derived from pre- V.ous experience of sanity aathorities, but *t?rT^hn Z ° B, qae"t3on i8 one "hich re- qairas careftil consideration, and it is also a matter which n ia hoped, will receive due atten tion from sanitary authontsee bv wav at least that tbr«« wh^h wa by previous researches, appn in the near !rB!fri-LPo* *3 being treated suffer n!foh^n, lh I'abUrty to affection than tbeir neighbours who reside: farther off. Reeding in Bed. A medical journal recent^ pablisbed in inter- esting article entitled '< Bedside Books." The subject naturally dealt witb the olaae of liter- ature adapted for the uha of invalids. It ia extremely doubtful whether any hard and fast rules can be laid down far invalid reading or for the purposes more upr.isly dealt with in the article of securing a lount niRD". rest. Read- ing in bed is adopted br many persons. a» an easy method of inducing sleep. The question as to which efM* "St, literature sbou'ld be employed appear tome to be one likely to be settled on the uommonsense ground of con- sulting the taste of the reader. The old joke regarding the sleep-producing properties of a volume of sermons may, to a certain extent, be justed This is more especially tbeca*e, I should imagine, when the discourses are read to a person in a monotonous tone of voice. The medioal journal in question a.fS that poetty of the sublime order is tbe beet for the pnrpose of wooing aleeo. It entirely rejects the idea that auything exciting should ba read on goicg to wlsep. The chances are that the individual extremely interested in a bock will naturally demand to know the outcome of the novelist's plot and ideas. No doubt^&s in other things '•yarding life, if people will read before going to bed, they will csrtainly choosu the literature that appeal-j to them most strongly apart from all other considerations. A point, however, to which attenl ion does not seem to have been specially directed is the effect on the night's rest of reading in bed. There in no donbt that the night watch of the brain is apt to colour our dreama to a certain extent, at least, by the ideas which have been floating over our braiu ipace juat before sleep has ensued. On this ground, perhaps, it might be justifiable to advise persons who are light sleepers, and who may withdim- culty enjoy IIIonodeleep, to,avoJd(Works containing descriptions of incidents of an extremoly excit- ing character. There are worse things in the way of wooiDg sleQp, however, than reading for a few minutes just before phasing off to sleep. Ibe only grave daDger which, it appears to me has to be encountered in connestioo with this practice is the person forgetting to put out the light. Flannelette Accidents. Flannelette i:aa obtained an unenviable, notoriety on aceounL of ita eaeiJy combullti ble qualities. Coroners nave remarked upon the Ire- queucy witb wbicb thev bave to exercise their duties on the bodies of parfonawho bave perished by barDiDIiC accidants owing to the ignitIon of this material. It haJ bet.1f hequeolly pointed out that flannelette, as wtdl as other fabrics, can be easily rendered uninflammable by the nse of certain ehemicsl salts. My attention has been directed to a. powder called boi-am," I under- amndthttt thia powder I. now sold in packets eaoh packet dissolved in a gallon of water can be made to render uninflammable at least 12 tqnara yards of canvas or 20 square yards of muslin. The only disadvantage I can see with raferanee to this product ia that washing the fabric tends to do away with the effect of the powder, hence a fresh dipping ia required after eacn cleansing. Chemists are familiar enough with substances which tend to render fabrics fiie-proof. Oue of the best known of theso ill, tuugstate of eoda. This compound is soluble, and largely used in some cases to add to the starch employed in the dressing of light fabrics. Tbe tuugstate a.cta in rendering it uninflammable at tho moat it does not burst into flame, but merelv ..bare, Sleep for the Young. An important Uiaeasiio i Las taken place of late days regarding tbe amount of sleep required for growing boys and girls. This topic has been made the subject of a \ery considarable amount of dissuasion, undertaken by medieai officers of health of our great pnblic schools. There is a large consensus of opinion tbat the hours af Bleep are of too limited a description. Ono may easily agree withtbia opinion wben one reflscta upon the important part played by aleep in the earlier months of life, especially all through the period of growth. Also we have to consider that aleep i. to use a familiar expres- sion, much more than fooi or raiment. Sleep can, in many cases, replace food, just as in the uaacaahire cotton famine wine wives placed their male folks in bed to keep them warm, thus diminishing to a certain extent the necexaity far food, which in thore days was extremely hard to procure. On the other bund, food can never, by any means, replace want of Bleep. Tired brain celln and tired muscles and the other organs of tbe body can only recruit themselves in and through rest. It ia interesting to note that aa a result of copious inquuies and investigations, tba hoars of sleep, it is contended, for young people, should be materially extended. Thna the opin- ions of some twenty-seven medieal officers of schools and other experta have advocated a. number of boura, the minimum being niae botira for growing boys. Some of theseexperts advocate ten hours, others advise nine-and-a haif to ten but, as I have baid, nine is the minimam. It would be well if beadmastera of schools aad others interested in the welfare of the yonng would duly note this fact. Another point which must appeal to UB, not merely to the ease of the young, but likewise to tbat of adnJts, and a point which is also frequently forgotten is that, us « medical expert remarks, the quality of sleep baa to be taken into consideration, as well as the quantity or amount. Disturbed sleep ia, of courae, not refreshing hence, *1 though it is not always possible to ensure that our sleep should bodreamfeaa, dr, at least, of the properly refresh- ing quality, we should bear in mind the import- ance of endeavouring to seenre a repose which is of a thoroughly quiet and refreshing character.

A Different Spell. Marmaduke Before we were married she used to say by-by" so sweetly when I went down the steps. ? IVfontmorency And what does she say nXw ? Marmadnka Ob. just the samo thing, *>Bny, buy. Montmorency: Ah, I see.. She eztreUea a diffecent spell over yoa.

Fashion and Things Feminine. BY MffiS IDA MELLOR. Early Autumn Modes. The change of a season natnrally brings with it a change of drees, and jost now we are moeh concerned with modes for the early autumn. Prominent among these is the tunic coat, which is to be a leading feature of the new season's modes. It appeared during the summer in linen, and is likely to be worn a great deal in cloth, tweeiland serge throughout the autumn and winter, it being an understood thing that the coat matches the ikirt. The length of the garment varies slightly, but is usually knee- deep. In constrnction the coat is open to varieties of aspect, in that tailors are making it princesse fashion, the seams smartly strapoed. and the cloth moulded to the flgore to display every carve, and also with poached cross-over fronts, the tunic being added find either cat on the cross, and falling in natural flatas, or arranged in small box-pleats from the waist. A simple model of tbe new autumn coat-oostnme is sketched here. In this instance the bodice is pouched and the tunic added, both being atitcbed to a belt, and the edge of the coat is soalloped and whipped with thread, the flat, embroidered collar that borden the neck being treated in a similar way, and the enffs finished an suite. If the costume wero carried out in navy-blue serge, the shipping thread might be white, pale blue, or red. The skirt is quite simple, as it should he with a tunic coat, other- wise were pleats, folds or flounces added,'the weight of the costnme would be inconvenient. With a abort cnt greater license is allowed to the skirt, which may be knife-pleated'from waist to foot, box-pleated or arranged with inverted pleats, which latter is a favoured fashion stmong tailors, who are making some very neat skirts in this way, the union of the pleats being Dartially concealed in nnmerous instances by strappings of cloth or serge, mitred at the tips. The middle of a season not infrequently displays modes from which may be rightly gathered fashions for the coming season. The summer linens heralded the tweed coat for the autumn, and in the same way crinoline and chip bats, with their smart nptarned brims, gave promise of bat-sbapes in felt for the season on which we hare entered. Altogether the modes for the autumn, as shown at present, are dialnetly charming. Fashions for Girls. Concerning tweed costumes for girl*, the abort bolero coat and sac coat, and box-pleated skirt prevail, the most decorative having some braid or galon aboat them, and possibly revara faced with plain cloth, decorated at the edges. A navy aerge coat and skirt for the autumn, vely useful for achool wear. hasi nothing more than white Btitching for its embellishment, the stitches taking the form of garlands. The inlet- ting of yoke panels of face to frocks of cashmere, silk, and eveu seiga, is a pretty fashion of the moment. A smart little frock, representative of the whim, ia of poppy-red serge, with a collar- band and atole-fiout, or amall centre-yoka. of gaipure framed in inasrtion, tba aerge on either aide of the yoke beiug laid in three pleats, and the groups pointing respectively to right and left, and procoieding from the shoulier saams to the waist, where.the bodice pouches over a belt. The sleeves are puffed to the elbows and the cuffs are strapped with la:e insertion. As for the skirt, it is qaite simple-merely pleated into the waistband and finished with a few folds below. Another froolr with stole-yoke is of pastel-blue frieze, the inserted piece of lace framed in a band of embroidery through which ia ran a white ribbon tied in a bow in front, For quite young children there ia nothing prettier for dainty Rear than the long-waistsid French frock of white silk or muslin and lace. with a frilled skirt and a sash. This is worn winter and summer, regardless of season, virn underclothing making np for the thinness of the material. Very pretty are the white and cream Jap silk frocks falling straight from squareyokas covered by loose, deep collars (stitched to the neck of the frock only), of similar silk, profusely inlet with Valleucienne* insertion joined by thorn-stitching in floss silk, or trimmad with alternate bands of lace insertion and tneked pilk, leather-stitched at the edge. A simple biouse of white Jap silk for a girl of fourteen or fifteen is sketched here, the large round collar of lace insertion and thorn-stitcbing having a frill of silk at the edge. A few tine tucks trim the blouse, and the sleeves are finished with cuffs matching the collar. The skirt, if of Jap eilk, should have a few amall tacks ranniug from waist downwards, and these might be met ly a round lfounce, pot on with a natural frill-i eading, or a band of lace insertion. Dress and Health. Capricious fashion apparently deals out laws of dress witb a view to tba decorative influence of clothing ratber than its relation to hygiene vet now and then, by chance possibly, some mode is decreed that is directly beneficial to health. Take the case of the unlined yoke and collar- band, for instance. Though denounced at first as likely to lead to all sorts of ills, they seem to have had quite the conttary effect, and instead of weakening to have improved health. The faet is that the high collar-band, lined and stiffened aod entirely covering the throat, was far more injurious than the IIRbt little band of lace or net that is now worn, :\ud greatly encouraged delicacy of the throat. In the same way, the fashion of wearing furs thrown back from the throat is-SO aaya a physician—far more healthy than the former juode of wearing them close up to the neck. The cunons prescription, given not long ago, of a. celebrated doctor to a patient suffering from tbroat trouble, lay in the words Take away oil that nonsense that is wrapping up your throat, and substitute a string of pearls." Coddling in the last thing likely to strengthen. A more abundant supply of fresh ir is what most people require. Wflar as few wraps as passible." aaid a doctor to a deJieate patient, aiter recommending her to try tbe sea- breezes as » restorative, ao tbat tba sea air blows tbrougbl you, and i. not" rapped up in youc woollens." Another doctor advised 'a fashionable client to forfeit the prettiness of Dbteh froeks for her little girl, aged four, and shorten ber skirts, so that the air aould play about the ankle bones and strengthen them.

Lion Tamer There's one kind of an animal that can't be tamed by the power of mind over matter.—Psychic Inquirer 5 What's that ?—Lion Tamer A mule. Do yoa tbink we're doin' right to advertise all the comforts of home asked Mrs Corn- tosseL Course we are," answered Farmer Corn- toafeL It's true enough, there ain't any com forts worth naeatienin* anywhere when the weatber gets good and hot/'

WELSH GLEANINGS. News and Views in Lighter Vein. It is proposed to erect a nwnorial stone to mark the bonse where Ienan Grian Gwionydd was bom at Trefrrw. The Llanally Hannanicacd Choral Societies (conducted by Mr John Thomas) have reaolved to compete at the Carnarvon National Eisteddfod oxt year. As III sample of the competitors' names in the military tournament at Rhayader Sports last Thursday the following is worth giving ;— Regimental Sergeant-Major David Thomas Millard Hope-Edwards." The Bisbop of Bangor on Saturday dedicated a stained-?lass window which has been erected by an anonymous admirer of Trefdxaeth Pariah Church in memory of the late Dean Price, who was at one time rector of the parish. A surprisingly large nnmber of Welsh teachers are-to be found on tbe staffs of the best elemen- tary schools in London. The reason for this, thinks Mr O. M. Edwards, is that the Welsh teacher had superior sympathy with the scholars." The headmaster of a Cardifl school after fail- ing to obtain from a prospective scholar the Christian name of his father, asked the youngater what his mother called him, aud elicited tbe following reply: Sometimes she calls bite Bill and sometimes Fathead 'I" According to The Torch," the organ of the Weish forward movement, it is hoped that a Woman's Institute will Boon be established for. tMintcgtha Christian womanhood ot Wales to do effective work among tbeir leas privileged sisters throughout the length aod breadth of the land.. Principal Rhys proposes to spend a prolonged archaological tour in France, chiefly in order toexamjne Celtic inscriptions with the view of obtaining farther support of his thaory of the origin of the Welsh englyn and kindred metres which he elaborated a short time ago in the' pages oft he Cymmrodor." A Welshman who recently visited Rome attended a concert, which was suatained by a band of lady harpists. With one exception the musical pieces performed were from tbe collec- tion of Mr John Thomas (Penoerdd Gwajta). and, the conductor made the remark that the com- positions of thee.mineot Welshman are tbe only musical worKa of merit suitable for harpists the world over. Mr D. George, M.P.. and Mr Evan Roberts in a motor-oar t Such is the subject of a series of photographs now having a good run at Llandrindod. This time tbe Dhotographer beat the Pressman. The latter knew cf ths coactry stroll and the prayer meeting, bat the photo- grapher snapped the great pair before they were aware of it, and then Evan Roberta held op his hands io amacament I Mountain Ash is selected for the South Wales and Monmouthshire Tonic Sol-fa Conference on October 27th and 28th. Mr D. W. Lewis, as president, *ill speak on Onr Nation's Masieal Taste" Mr J. T. Rees, Mus. Bac., oty Scor- ing" Mr W. T Samuel on Mental Effects and Mr W. H. Griffiths on Top notes and how to produce them." A children's concert, 600 to 800 voices, will close the conference. Mr W. Howell, Portb, is hon. secretary. Mr Hamphreys-Owen is now repotted to be steadily recovering his strength, after the acci- dent ho met with some time ago in London. The too of blood on that occasion has left the hon. membttr very weak, and on this account he has bad to abstain from public work for some time. He is, however, daily regaining strength, and hopes before long to be able to resume tbe bulk of bis public duties. Brutus," who once edited Tr Haul f. was asked to write an inscription on a memorial pro- posed to be erected at a spot where a mail coach fell over an embankment near Llandovery, The passengers ""bo happened to be af the time on the coach were said to be of a notorious char- acter, the elect of the Wicked One," aDd Brutus wrote as follows Beware, ye coachmen, passengers and all For here the mail bad a tremendous fall; O'er hedges it rolled, tumbling together And rested not till it reached tbe river. Tbe devil g&ped, with watery mouth asunder, Bitt heaven declared he should have no thunder. Then wait, Old Nick, havepatienee if yon csn. And you shall surely gulp tbem one by one, The lines were never inserted, of coarse, bat a tfig stone on tbe side of the road waa erected to commemorate the incident. Welsh Herring Fisheries. It is said tbat herring fishing in Cardigan Bay is sadly neglected by local men. Twenty years ago Aberystwyth possessed a body of men who followed tIMe vocation pretty closely, and it it re- corded that catches worth JE50 have been made in a night by one boat. Latterly barring fishing has dwindled almost to vaniibing ipoint. Instead of going out with 40 or 50 nets, tbe men only go oat m an open boat with five or six nets, and the catches as a rule are small and unprofitable. Wetsh Horses for America- Last week Mr Morris Evans, of Wernlwyd, Welshpool, sent off a consignment of 15 horses by special train to Tilbury Dook, where they will be shipped for the United States. The animals were all entires of the Montgomeryshire breed, and Tanged in age from ten months to four years. Mr Evans acted in tbe Dtirchaae as agent for an Illinois farm, and the local breeders bave been paid good prices. Most of the horses are drawn from the Montgomeryshire Horse Association's district, and tbe shipment com- pletes ]00 animals sect out in the last five years Changes in the Iron Trade. On the retirement a short time ago of one of the former managers of a large iron works in Wales, be stated that from the time of his becoming a sub-manager to the period of bis re- tirement, no less tban 30 works bad been abandoned. These included prominent ones in the career of Crawabay Bailev. William Craw- shay, Francis Crawshay, at Treforest Henry Crawsbay in Gloucestershire; the Hirwain Works, Afceraman; Gadlys, Abernant; and Llwydcoed, and several in the Neath Valley. It speaks volnmea for the resources of Wales, that notwithstanding such decline in one form of the trade, that of iron, the output of steel will com- pare favourably now with any district in Eng- land. Welsh Novels at Cambridge. A Welsh dslegate who attended the Cambridge Library Association meetings had his heart gladdened by seeing the' best half of a large biokaeller's window filled with the works of a Welsh novelist. A queetion to tbe bookseller brought out the faet that tbere is a great demiind foctates of life in Wales just now, two of the aaid novels being marked as the 22nd and tbe 14th editions respectivety. The aaebor referred to is Allen Raine. Classical Cambridge is not aatisfied with patronising novels aboat Wales and the Welsh, for tbere is a demand in the town on the Cam for Welsh masio also, otherwise Too y Botef" should not have premier place among the stock of music of a Cambridge masic- saller. Indeed, the very river name is sugges- tive of a British origin, Cam being good Weleh for crooked," and the river Cam ia crooked enough to justify sacb a came. An Eisteddfod Critic. The Musical Herald" devotes many page's of its September number to a highly critical and yet keenly sympathetic article dealing with the National Eisteddfod gathering at Mountain Ash. Mr Graham, tbe writer, has now attended so maoy of these national festivals that he is able to write with knowledge gained front experi- ence. He never indulges in the cheap sneers and nonsensical claptrap that mark so many specials written by English joarnalists visit- ing the Eisteddfod. Tbe Musical Herald representative, describing the hymn singing of tbe audience, remarks tbat nowhere else could oue hear such a mighty, gushing outpouring of sgona (com heMM ttaiQftta. Nav<t eves io Wain baa such a flood of tone been heard, for these are revival ti-nes." As to the solo contests, tbe writer attended many of the preliminary testa,? andbia conclusion is that while" Nature hu: endowed men with voiees in all parts of the. world, she must have taken "Adam's apple" from. the top of tha barrel when abe came to Watee. Rich, fruity, large voiees tbey are." Dealing! with tbe chief choral contest, he aasigna last, place to Portsmouth, tbe only English choir competing, and declares that If if the eve* victorions Potteries singers had been competing' the chances are that they woald have beMt ateneb* One night last week a Carnarvon hotel pat up tbe following medley of nationalities :— Welsh, 9; English, 22; Irish, 3; Scotoh, 4g^ French, 3 Germans, 5 Italians. 3 ChineatyJ 1 Indian, 1 Americans, 4. .One of the posers of Yr Yaeot Qaf at; Cardiff was to find an English word f0r en-3 llyn." The promoters of these classes are aa^ zealous in imparting all good knowledge of thef English language to the students aaof Welsh. Mr Gascoyne Dalziel, the secretary of the Monmouthshire and South Wales OoalowQem8,; Association, who has been residing at Wain Yawr, Cross Kevs, for the last five years, wiDf shortly leave tbere to take up his residence at; Newport. Tbere ia in coarse of erection ia the village'af Salton, East Lothian, a beautiful memorial ha tbe shape of a fountain, to the late Me John) Fletcher, of Saltooball, father of Mr Andrew! Fletcher, beir to the Margam estates. The monument is 13; feet high, and is adorned witft^ appropriate carving and medallions. Mr Fletche*; was descended from Fletcher, the famooa Seot»< tish patriot. The footnote on p. xvi. of U The Text of HM Brats from the Red Book." wbioh reads, Frooa that time to this tbeeisteddfodic spirit has beeoi the bane of Welsh literature, the curse of tht Welsh tongue, and the enemy of all tbat ia! aanCt natarat, and progressive," seems to ham nettled Gwili, who, in a poem of four Bays r— Ond gwel'd yr ben, ben yegot, 'v Yn PWYBO ar y mur 'V ">'■ Oadd Binder yn wastadol. I'r gwr, a chwerw gar. Fei ciciodd ac fe i ciciodtT jf^ o ben y mur i lawr A'i hen gymwyuas regodd, v 'Nol arferdynion tnnwt. Ac eto rose yr ysgol Yn codi meib o fn Mae'r gwr sydd arni'n caumol Ei hir wasanaeth hi Ond wadi dal o iano v Nes delo i ben y twr, Rhaid iddo'n awr ai chioio, Nea fod yn ddim o wr. A Motoring Feat. Mr J. Edwards Vrtighan, of Neath, has recently completed a motor tour in the sunDy land of Francs." He ran 1,500 milA and killed only one chieken. Fowls live .0 upon: he roads in France that it is difficult to under- stand how MrVaugbar^got through witbao smrJIl a loss. A Welsh Word for Slippers." ( S.N.S. iu an interesting article in the ear* rent number of Yr Ymofynydd," tells a little tale about the extraordinary Welsh vocabulary of Dr. Heinrioh Zimmer, of Berlin. 11 Here," said • S.N.S. one evening to the jovial Teuton i- (who was Btaymg the nipht with him), >m j handed him a pair of slippers, I have no Welshi. word for these." Haven't you ?" said the doo-i tor in amazement: let me see your Mabhio-f gion." He was at once given the volume, and > after turning over a few leaves he soon pointed^ to the word yslopanrtaa." How many Welah-^ men could have dene the sarce thing? And let it be remembered that Dr. Zinamec always whil»- in Wales spoke in Welsh. John Gibson, the Welsh Sculptor. When John Gibson left his North Wales bone/ a yonng boy to go to Liverpool, he had but, olla: language—Weisb still, be bad a Quick ear and/ a good memory, and be soon picked up Engliafc from his play ma lea. A sojourn of 30 years ior Roma did not cause him to forget bis mother' tongue. On one ocsaslon, wben visiting Liver~j pool, be was unexpectedly accosted in the sculpture gallery with the words, Mr Gibson* a ellwch chwi siarad Cymraeg ar ol bod gymaint o flynyddau yw Rbufain ?" Siarad Cymraeg, aaid he, medraf yn dda :1di2on: ni cbollais mo', iaith fy mam." John Gibson was not idle whont be went to Liverpool. He foand a pictuco shop,t and would spend a long time at tbe window of the shop studying a particular pieture. Wheal it was deeply imprinted on hia mind, be woitd transfer the impression to paper, and retarn tc the window to compare his picture with the original. j The Vacant Bardic Chair. The bards around the Monntain Ash vacant chair looked very glum and seemed strack dcraab when Professor Morris Jones declared that there' woald be no chairing. But why nhouid tbey not' have made the beat of the incident as On precioM) occasions ? At tbe Ruthin Eisteddfod of wben tbe chair was vacant, the bards amusod tber disappointed competitors and audience bY" firing humorous englynion. Here are aomc of them :— Cadair na bu cadair cydwerth—y w hon Ei bannill sydd drafferth; Rbyw unfon gadair anfertfc, A obadair wag a'i choed ar worth. —Alltud Eifiott, Syth siomwyd y saitb 8" yma— gaal gwobr. Golwg erch arhosa Gwelir y myn gwyr Gwalia Godi row am gadair wag. —Ttttfoo; • Cadair wehv, salw. warthus o wrthun in' beunydd Rho er yn y gadair wair OR wydd, Hen geilrogair nea g'lagw>dd —Gwerfyl Jamea, Arferid y gadair firain— yn sedd, Ar swyddol feib Tydain Ond trodd yma, ttwy ddamwain, Yn gadair wellt a chawsellt cbwain. —Cynddel«t •• The Late Sir Geo. Elliot" Lord Brampton, better known as Sir Henry Hawkins, in his Reaaioisceooea ball a story of local interest. It has reference to the late Sic George Elliot ,M.P., ao long connected with the PoweH Duffryn Colliery Company il.nd the New- port Docks. In the petition against Sir George Elliot for Durham," says the genial writer, for whom I appeared, there was nothing of any importance in the case, except that SfJ: GeorKe gave a vary interesting history of his Iife.V He had been a poor boy who had worked in the catting of the pit, lying on his back and picking oat from tbe toof overhead the coal which waa shovelled into the tracks. From tbis humble position literally and socially he had pr;,eeeded.;7 first to his feet, and then step by step, until from one Rrade to another be had amassed a. vary large fortune, and sufficient income to incur/ not only the expenses of an election and a seat ia Parliament, but also those of a bitterly hos<. tile election petition, enormously extravagant: in every way. I succeeded in winning the caae,^ and never was more prond of a vietory. It had lasted many days." Those of oar readers who knew Sir George Elliot need not be reminded that bis dogged perseverance woold enable hitB to conquer most difficulties which came in bit way.

On and Off. The wit nes* was being goaded almost paaf endurance. Hon long have you been at yoa tradi of tia. roofing ? went on the pitiless cross-examining counsel. I have worked at it off and on. bat only worked at it steady for the past 12 year." I How long off and on have yon worked at it f Sixty-five years." How old are yoa f" Sirty-xfive." Then yon have been a tin-rooferfrom birth *"4 No, air, of course I haven't." Then why do yooaay that yon have worked at your trade 65 years ?" ashed the counsel with an air of triumph. Because you asked how long off and on 1 bad worked at i I have worked at it off and on 6& years—20 years on and 45 off." There was a roar in the oourt. bat not at the expense of the witness, and bia inquisitor bac* riedly finished hili examination in great COB* fusion. Canomer 3 Have yoa the Eooyclopadi* Britannic* ?—Clerk (with toothaohe); No(aic £ it's jMt plain mumps.