The Cardiff Times

OETZMANNfpllP 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77.. HAMPSTEAD-RCUtft i (Kear Tottenham Court-road and Go^rer-i|fcr#st LONDON, For -conditions upon whi"h goo«|| AJHJ sent Paid, please see Illustrated Gtnde to {ffojn-ffi. •» nishing." Contents:—Complete r—inmfri*~ft)r iTii) nishing at £ 120 and £ 250, with full-page {pastr&tioitft >.■ Articles on Artistic Furnishing, repria|pt fiwft Hi Lady." Nearly 600 pages and over 2,000 4M(ttfM$BiiSr with description and price of every it*m ntfcffwlbr Complete House Furnishing, Gratis ani FMI Jftefe. • All Carpets made up free of chirge. > l> ■ H

WORKMEN'S TOPICS.) ——.—— ) BY MABON. OONDITIONS OF MINING IN GERMANY. Aotual Wages. According to the report furnished by Mr Mutvary, her Majesty's Consul at Du-eldorf, to %e Royal Commission on Mining Royalties, Ie the greater part of the work, as in England, is Jone by contract, the prices varying according to kxsal circumstances, the capabilities of the men, md the state of trade.. There is no fixed general principles upon which the prices are determined, lor is there yet in force any mode of raising and •educing wages with a scale regulated by the /elUng price of coal." Mr Mulvary further States that the wages of miners working in the Government mines are somewhat .better paid than those working under arivate companies. He adds, however, that it fis to be doubted that the economic conditions on )he whole is better, and to judge from the strikes M late years the miners are just as discontented tad difficult to deal with under good manage- ment as under private firms." The general dis- tontent felt by the German miners as regards -their wages found expression in that important general strike of May, 1889, and in the Govern- ment mines especially in the strike of December, ?90 The subjoined table compiled in 1890 from official sources gives the average wages paid during the first quarter of that year, And repre- Jents, therefore, the increased rates obtained in ')1} the principal districtsafter the strike of 1889:- f « 06 Q M M £ iiB J2 B9 §&■§ §l§»if § lilting districts of .si g g g ||| §•§ 2 6a ss « •' Z M. M. » I. BKESLAU. M. M. M. r^'srr.1" 2-« •» ™ '"SLA* *« >« i u Halle. 2~17 1*28 1*26 {• Peat mining 2 65 g 1-45 -f Slate mining. 3 27 2 81 £ j.25 — •» Bock & salt mining 3 42 3 38 « .III. KLAUSTHAL. state ore mining in n.52 — the Upper Harz.. 2*29 2 49 IV. BONN. M7 2* '■« ,332 3« M» >'12 1* °Uh™ienin't.right.0f 2*80 2-64 213 1"21 Ml 1 °KhhfeninS 2-41 249 2"13 0*95 0*90 V. Portmund. 2-79 1-23 goal mining + "■»-»* ■c^d,S'—TJSZ Westphs^ian district, which is alsofoundto be by teSfSort productive district, and there also ire fifid the hours of labour to be more favourable to the men than in any of the other districts. This tttble does not exactly bear out the statement ihat the Government pay better wages than -private companies, still the State mines at Saar- brucken do not fall far behind those of Dortmund. JBnt Mr Mulvary probably bases his statement paore upon the average wage price to classes of workmen in and about the mines, than upon what Is paid to the miners only. In that case he appears to be right. On the other hand, we are reminded that food is much cheaper in Silesia iban in Dortmund and Saarbrucken, and that therefore the real wages are much nearer to those of the better organised districts than the nominal -wages appear to be. And we are also informed that the Silesian miners are remarkable for the lowness of their educational standard and their otter want of organisation. Among them are found a large number of Austrian Poles of an weremely low moral tone; and here, also, we find fihat female labour is employed. This is in W Sermanv, as with us at home, that whenever male labour is very cheap there your female labour is being employed as substitute. No women are employed in or aboub the Government mines of Germany. Method ef Fixing Wages. The evidence given before the Royal Com- mission to Inquire into the Condition of the Miners in the Coal Industry, appointed by the German Emperor in 1890, indicates widespread Sine of discontent with the method of fixing As a rule mining is carried on on the eontwot system, and payment is arranged by the piece. Thus, a body of miners agree with the mining offioials on the spot to do a particular piece of work, measured either by volume or weight, at a particular price. The amount of oontract prioe varies with the greater or lesser difficulty of working coal in any given district, with the ruling temperature, and also the general advantages and disadvantages of the working ?*The contracts are, as a rule, for one month, but before the strike of 1889 what were known as main contracts were often made for three months, and in the Saarbrucken district; sold by aa°tion to the body of miners offering to do the work at the lowest price. The result there, as in everywhere »1», .« .» undue lowering of w«e* »dImM IMS the «„»«.'°dt, »ere alsp made in the Dortmuna u. the smaller mines the agreemen often- verbal and invalid, and that the m times, if they appeared in any way Workmen, would alter them, so wages impossible for the workmen to know w they would be able to make or likely o a The commission referred to recommended that all tuch contracts should be made in writing and entered in a book, to which every miner would have easy access. Deductions. ha the Saarbrucken and Aix-le- Chapelle districts it is customary to make a deduction from the wages of the younger workers, which is distributed between the older workers in any given shift. This system is sorely condemned in most places, and the abolition thereof now demanded. Deduc- tiorie are also made for powder and light, *hioh are present supplied at ^ost price. These deductions amount from iy2d to 2d per dfty* Deductions are also ma.de for the subscriptions to the Miners' Friendly Societies in accordance with the Sick Insurance Fund of 1883, and the Old Age and Invalided Insurance La-,v of 1889. It does not appear thatthe finesinflicted have been veryexces. IJIV.e, about 3s, 011 an average, is the sum taken.; ■ihiefly for habitual absence from work. The amounts vary in various districts, but in t.11 cases the fines are paid over to the benefit funds. The gran": of coal given totheworkmenfortheirownuse i" nowhere taken into account in fixing the wages. In Lower Silesia the jpainers receive, as a rule, 3cwt. a month, but in other districts they have the coal supplied to them at a reduced price only. Other Conditions. fourteen days' notice is required for the ter- mination of the contract between workman and «ntployer, and failure to give such notice, in case of a strike, renders the miners liable to an action for damages. There is a general inspector of Alines, with subordinate mining boards in each of *he chief mining districts. The boards are com- posed of experts trained for this particular ■service, and reqmred to pasB graduated examina- tions. 1 he detailed supervision of the mines is done by sub-inspectors. Every serious or fatal lccidenc must be immediately reported to the Inspector, who investigates the case on the spot, »nd then reports to the mining board. This board has extenmve powers, and may issue -regulations prohibiting the use of explosives, prescribing safety-lamps, suspending the working of dangerous seams, or even closing a mine altogether. This board also decides the number and strength of the pillars which must bo left Standing, and many other practical details of the workings. These inspectors have to examine all iaechanical appliances and to make frequent investigations into the ventilation of the mines.

OLD GLAMORGAN FAMILIES. awbreyTof llantrithyd, Among the many ancient and noble families that in the past played a prominent part in the annals of the county of Glamorgan, may justly be placed the house of Awbrey, or Aubrey. Burke, in his "Peerage and Baionetage," pre- fers the latter mode of spelling the name, and says that "this family boasts an alliance with the ancient blood royal of England and of France, and its founder here, according to the chronicles at All Sonls' Coll., Oxford, afceom- panied William the Conqueror from Normandy." Mr Clark, in his elaborate and standard work on the Genealogies of Glamorgan, enters more fully into the subject, and says—"The family of Awbrey is of high antiquity in Brecknock, and branches of it settled in Carmarthen and Gla- morgan, and latterly in Oxford and Bucks. Alberic, Earl of Boulogne and Danmartin, and Earl Maresohal of France in 1066, is said to have been elder brother of a certain Saunders de Sancto Alberico, or de Alta Ripa, who was father of Sir Reginald de Sancto Alberico, a companion of Bernard Newmarch in the conquest of Brecknock, where he is reputed to have won Abercynfrig and SIvvch," and as to which matter the reader is more particularly referred to "Jones's History of Brecknockshire." His second son, William de Sto. Alberico or Awbrey, was Lord of the Manor of Abercynfrig, near Brecon, and his second son, Thomas A wbrey, allied himself with a dau. of Lord Carew. Their son Thomas was Ranger of Brecknock Forest and Custos of Brecknock Castle, and his son, another Thomas, who was sometimes called Thomas Awbrey-hen, and Y Constabl Coch, was also C onstabie or Ranger of Brecknock Forest, whiah well illustrates the high standing and position of the family at that remote date. John Awbrey, of Abercynfrig, grandson of John Aubrey, of Abercenfrig, a grandson of the Red Constable, served the office of high sheriff of Breconshire 1572 and 1586, and his descendant, Richard Aubifey. sold Abercynfrig to his kins- man, Dr. William Awbrey. By this time several branches of the family had established them- selves at different places, such as at Ystradgynlais, Yniscedwvn, Gunterscon, Cantreff, and Llanelien, in Breconshire. Richard Aubrey, of Llanelien, had a son William Awbrey, LL.D., who was had a son William Awbrey, LL.D., who was chancellor of St. David's, and M.P. Cardigan 1601. The Yniscedwyn branch became ancestors of the present family of Gough, of Yniscedwyn, and supplied several sheriffs of Breconshire; while Thomas Awbrey, of Cantreff, was father of the learned William Awbrey, D.C.L., who be- came a man of eminence in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and may now be looked upon as the head of the family, of which he was undoubtedly the second founder. Dr. Awbrey amassed a considerable fortune from his practice as a civilian, which must have been an extensive one, coupled with the emolu- ments of the many offices that he filled. Having won a Fellowship at Oxford, he was appointed Queen's Lecturer in Civil Law at that University at the age of 25, and having accompanied the Earl of Pembroke abroad, was made by that nobleman Judge-Advocate of the Army at St. Quentin. On his return home he found office after office conferred upon him. He was made one of the Council of the Marches of Wales, a Master in Chancery, Vicar-General of the Pro- vince of Canterbury, Chancellor to Archbishop Whitgift, Principal of New Inn Hall, Oxford, a Master of the Court of Requests, Joint and afterwards Sole Reader in Civil Law at Oxford, and a Commissioner for inquiring about Spanish ships. He must have been a very busy man, yet he found time to represent several constituencies in five Parlia- meats. He was chosen for Carmarthen 1554, Brecon 1553, Hindon 1559, Arundol lb63, and Taunton 1593, and yet tound time to discharge the dirties of a country gentleman at home for he served as high sheriff of his native county 1545, and being patron of the living of Cantreff, presented to that parish in 1571. With the profits derived from his lucrative profession, Dr. Awbrey was enabled to purchase the estates of Abercynfrig and Pallet from his cousins. He died in 1595 at his house in Doctor's Commons, London, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, where a monument was erected to his memory, but all traces of this were destroyed in the Great Fire of London 1666. IHis eldest son, Sir Edward Aubrey, Knt, was of Tredomen, having married one of the co-heiresses of that place, and served as Sheriff of the County 1583, 1589, and 1599. His son, Sir Wm. Awbrey, Knt, of Tredomen, allied himself with the dau. of Sir Thomas Johnes of Abermarlais, Co. Carmarthen (High Sheriff of Breconshire, 1580), but having earned for himself the title of "The Extravagant," was forced to sell the Abercynfrig estate. He was High Sheriff 1607, but died in very reduced circumstances in 1631, and his eldest son being like his father. extravagant," sold Tredomen; while the second son, Reginald, was slain at the Battle of Edgehill. The second son of Dr. Awbrey was Sir Thomas Awbrey, Knt. who settled at Llantrithyd, in the County of Glamorgan, about the year 1586, at which date he married Mary, dau. and co-heiress of Anthony Mansel, of Llantrithyd (who had derived this estate from his father-in-law, John Thomas Basset). His third son Thomas became Chancellor of the Diocese of St. David's, and of his daughters one married Sir Rice Rudd, Bart., of Aberglasney, Co. Carin. another married A nthony, of Gwyn, of Llansannor, and a third daughter was married to the celebrated Judge David Jenkins, of Hensol, while the second but eldest surviving son John became the bead of the family. Sir John Aubrey, Knt. and Bart., was born at Llanthrithyd, in the year 1604, and married a dau. of Sir Richard South, Kut., of London. He became in the unhappy days of the Civil Wars a devoted adherent of King Oharles I., and loyally upheld the royal cause in Glamorgan. For his loyal services, he was, on the Restoration in 1660, advanced to the dignity of a baronet, having many years before been honoured with knighthood. On his death in 1679, the title devolved upon his eldest son John. The second son Lewis became a clerk in holy orders, and was instituted rector of Llantrithyd, 1685, while the eldest daughter Mary became the wife of the Hon. and Right Hon. Sir William Montagu (second son of Lord Montagu, of Boughton), who, after a distinguished career at the bar, was in 1676, knighted, created a serjeant-at-law, sworn a member of the Privy Council, and raised to the bench as Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer, where he presided for 10 years. (To be continued, i

THE APPRECIATED PARTY. Mr BOUILLON: Yes, sir, I am a fashionable oook, and it gives me pleasure to think that I belong to a profession that is fully appreciated. When a particularly palatable dish is set before you, your gratitude goes out to the cook, does it not! Mr BINKS Well, to tell the truth, my grati- tnde generally goes out to the waiter.

Rural Ragges This idea of bein' perlite ter folks ain't what it's craoked up to be* -Tramping Tatters How so, Roory 1—Rural Ragges s I was workin' the deaf an' dumb racket the other day. an' pulled a woman on fer a rattlin' square meal. After I got through I forgot mesilf, and said, Thank yer, mum." An' she sio' the dog onter me. Wibbles That confounded assistanb makes me mad every time I go in that shop. I don't see why they keep such an impudent jackanapes.—. Wabbles Most probably for medioal purposes. Wibbles t For medical purposes ?—Wabbles t *Tes orort of counter-irritant. „v<»u know

I WELSH GLEANINGS. I By Llwydfryn. Mr Gladstone's Resignation. Most of the Welsh papers went to press before the rumours of Mr Gladstone's intended resigna- tion had been confirmed. The references to this fateful event are, therefore, cautious and marked by incredulity. One or two of the papers contain a bare announcement of the fact, but the editors, in many instances, live at a distance from the printing office, and comments on late news are therefore impossible. The Cymro, however, deals with the situation in a very significant lending article, which is even more significant for its suppressions than for its expressions. "If Mr Gladstone resigned," runs the article, it would be no light thing for Wales. He has always been a friend to Nationalism, as his work for Greece, for Ireland, for Scotland, and for Wales will prove. It is an advantage, especially to small nations such as the Greeks and Welsh, to have a friend in men of influence like Mr Gladstone. It would be a great loss to Wales because of his encouragement of her National- ism and his resignation would affect the whole of the Liberal party, even though he did not retire from public life, because it is almost impos- sible to got anyone to fill his place. The pros- pects of Wales, at the best, are doubtful, and if this took place, they would be still more doubtful. In another sense we would gain, because our representatives have been almost too G1ad. stonian, and the change of Prime Minister might concentrate their attention more on their country and intuse into them more of the essential characteristics of an independent party. We would not for the world say that it would be a gain to the party to lose Mr Gladstone from his post at the helm, but we say distinctly that it is now too late in the day for one great party to base its strength on the influence of its leader, instead of on the value of its political creed. Therefore, all that we shall do is to indicate where we would stand if Mr Gladstone resigned. We have not failed to consider what a difficult task it is to succeed a truly great man in any office but as long as there is vitality in our principles and justice in our demands, why need we fear ?" The Welsh Party and the Government. The feeling of uneasiness as to the fate of the Disestablishment Bill is still prominent, and, as may be gathered from the remarks of the Cymro, Mr Gladstone's resignation will not tend to make the Welsh people more patient. Mr D. A. Thomas, M.P., is looked upon more and more as the leader of the independent section of the Welsh party, and the confidence of the Welsh papers in him is increas- ing week by week. The Tytt and the Baner refer in terms of warm commendation to Mr Thomas's speech at Penrhiwceiber. "The loyalty of Wales to the Government," says the Tyst, has been proverbial, and we ought not to be robbed of our turn. We believe all the time that our measure will have its turn in the Session which will begin next week, but we fail to see a sufficient reason for keeping our members of Parliament in the dark upon such an important matter. Surely it is an unnecessary punishment." — The South Wales special correspondent of the Baner writes as follows :—"Mr D. A. Thomas, the senior member for Mertbyr, becomes a better politician (in our opinion) month after month.. We in the South believe Mr Thomas to be quite correct, and are prepared to back him to the utmost. I gather from the tone of Mr Thomas's remarks that be has not much faith that there is anything particular in view for Wales in the near future, and he takes care to give timely notice to the Government as to what the result will be if once more we are put on one side. Brave sons of Wales, stand your ground in Parliament; do not retreat for airyone, and you shall have proof that the country is with you to the utmost."— The Herald alludes to a statement made by the Daily Chronicle to the effect that Mr Gladstone was not prepared to go as far as was expected of him on the question of Disendowment. We trust," continues the Herald, "that this tale is without foundation. In any case, when the public will see the measure of the Government, we may be certain that there will be a great deal of debate and conflict." The Bishop of St Asaph. The Cymro and the Celt return to the Bishop of St. Asaph's addiev, on "Commonsense Patriotism." The Cymro makes one or two extracts from the address, which has now been published in pamphlet form, and says.- "The fact that the nation is Noncon- formist is not a sufficient excuse for the bishop in making these unjust insinuations and they cannot be justified even if they were the means of keeping afar the dark day of Disestab- lishment. It appears as if the Bishop of St. Asaph was a vessel chosen by Providence for the facilitating of Welsh Disestablishment." "No sense," says the Celt, is so valuable as common sense. The Bishop of St. Asaph the other night tried to enlighten the young men of Manchester but there are strong reasons for believing that the bishop went from home without oil in his lamp. At least a stronger sense than common sense is wanted to make two of his statements agree." The bishop, it appears, said that the University colleges had partially failed and he also said that we did not want Welsh teachers in Wales. The Celt gives tha bishop the choice of two horns of a dilemma. The colleges are almost entirely manned by English teachers. If they are un- successful, then Welsh teachers should be ap* pointed instead of English teachers. If they are successful, then the bishop's statement is not true. The Sliding-soale. The Goleuad, in its labour column, refers with approval to the action of the sliding-soale repre. sentatives at Cardiff in deciding not to give notice in April to terminate the present agree- ment.—Daronw^fci" the Tarian, takes a similar view, and claims for the scale an increasing influence and popularity among the miners of South Wales. During the last six weeks, he states, over £ 600 has been subscribed by the South Wales miners to the funds of the sliding- scale. He complains, however, of the want of union and concerted action on the part of the men. Our experience in the past has been that we must rely more on union and concerted action among ourselves, if we are to secure some amend- ments in the scale which will be the means of adding to the wages."—The Tarian, in one of its leading articles, condemns also Mr Allen Up- ward's opposition to Mabon in the Rhondda. The Late Mr John Roberts. All the papers contain references to the death of Mr John Roberts, late M.P. for the Flint Boroughs, author of the Sunday Closing Act, and father of Mr Her1 ert Roberts, M.P. The Cymro, Herald, and Oenedl publieh portraits of him, and the Tyst, Baxter, Celt, and Goleuad speak very • highly of his great services to Wales. Miscellaneous. The Herald, Genedl, and Tyst give Dr. Herber Evans's farewell sermon to his church at Carnar- von.-The Cynwo publishes an excellent series of articles on "The Heroes of Welsh Dissent," Pedrog this week writing an interesting account of "Williams, Pantycelyn.'—The Baner pub- lishes letters from Mr Bulkeley Price and Princi- pal Reichel, defending the appointment of Mr Winter to the Agricultural Chair at Bangor College.—The Herald and Baner refer cautiously to Mr Owen Jones's possible opposition to Mr Bryn Roberts, M.P. The Baner ridicules Mr Jones's intention to run as an Independent Liberal. Mr Roberts's only fault, it says, is that he is too independent. The same paper also has a thoughtful article on The Church of England and National Education." in which it deals in a trenohant manner with the policy pursued by the majority in the London School Board,—The Genedl rejoices to find that a commission of inquiry into the application of the Penmynydd Charities has been instituted.-The Tyst deals with the "missionary report," and regrets to find that the contributions from Welsh churches were less last year than theyear before.—Two pagesof theSeren qyntru are given up to Spinther and the Rev. B. Evans, Gadlys, and the latter promises that he has only just begun the attack.—The Celt publishes a. long letter from Mr D. Evans, of Cwmavon, dealing with the dispute between the Rio Tinto Company and Miss Talbot. The question, according to Mr EvanS| .Is one of national interest and importance*

FISH AND FISHING. II. SEA FISHING FOR AMATEURS. By John Bickerdyke, M.A. Fishing with a throw-out line from the shore, one of the earliest methods of amateur sea fishing, was first described, so far as I can discover, in a book published in 1724, entitled The Complete Fisherman." In 1801 appeared a work called "The Art of Angling, Rock, and Sea-Fishmg." But it ia only of late years that sea fishing, as a sport, has been followed to any great extent by others than dwellers on the coast. The popularity of angling of all kinds has made an extraordinary increase within the last decade, and one conse- quence has been that it has now become difficult to obtain good fishing in fresh water by those who are not in a position to rent or purchase fisheries. Many waters which were looked upon as public have been closed, while those which have been left open have suffered severely from over-fishing, pollution, and other causes. This perhaps is more the case in tl," Midlands and North of England than in the south but so devoted are the followers of Isaac Walton to their favourite pastime that we sometimes see a hundred or more anglers sitting on the banks of a canal, well knowing that the largest take of any of them at the end of the day will not exceed a pound or two of very small roach. Some will catch nothing, and others perhaps two or three ouncas of fish. In angling contests prizes are sometimes won with three-quarters of an ounce of fish. Leaving for the moment bass and mackerel out of the question, THE BEST SKA-FISHING is usually obtained in the months of September and October, when cod, whiting, and pollock are plentiful, feed well, and come in shore. Those two months are decidedly the best for catching big fish on the Yorkshire coast. I have a. very happy recollection of days passed in Yorkshire, sometimes in a coble, sometimes on the reef of rocks known as Filey Brigg. From the boat we used to pater- noster for codling, and as "paternoster" is a term which does not explain itself, I may perhaps with advantage describe the construction of that most useful piece of tackle. Take three yards of twisted gut, place a 2oz. lead at the end of it, and have three lengths of short stout gut projecting from it at intervals of a foot or eighteen inches on these short lengths tie three good-sized hooks. If very largo fish are expected twisted gut must be used for the horizontal hook lengths but the main perpendicular portion of the tackle should always be a little stronger than the hook length, so that if a break takes place only a hook is lost. The sea angler should never use more lead than necessary. If he can hold the bottom with %oz. so much the better, but if the tide runs strongly then as much as half a pound of lead may be required at the end of the line. To use such heavy leads it is desirable to have a short rod with, at the end, in lieu of the ordinary ring, a little block or sheave, over which the line runs freely. I once saw a man fishing in the sea with a salmon fly rod. He was not fly-fishing, but had a weight at the end of his line, and was angling for flat fish. His son, who was with him, had a hand line, bearing two pounds of lead. Neither of them could feel the bites, and between them THBY CAUGHT ONLY THREE OR FOUR FISH, which hooked themselves. In another boat, which was moored not half-a-dozen fathoms from them, over six dozen fish were pulled up by an angler using a fairly stiff bamboo rod, and light paternoster tackle. If the angler falls in with surface swimming fish, all he has to do is to remove the heavy lead from his paternoster, replace it with a light one fixed above the hooks, put a float on his line, and let his tackle drift out with the tide. He should, of course, be particular to use hooks of the right size, small ones for flat fish, large one? for cod, and very large and strong ones for conger and cod. There are several varieties of sea-fish which at times take the artificial "fly" right well. Thall they for a moment regard it as a winged insect is out of the question. The lure one uses is just as much or as little a fly as the arrangements of fur, feather, and tinsel which tempt to their death many lordly salmon. From the fly-fisher's point of view the king of British sea-fish is the bass. He is sometimes found on the north-eastern and north-western coasts, and is fairly plentiful at times on the south-east coast, but those who would fish for him should rather visit milder portions of the country, such as Devonshire, Cornwall, and Wales. The bass is, generally speaking, MORE DIFFICULT TO OATOH THAN THE SALMON, being extremely wary. He is somewhat nasty in his tastes, and when all other baits fail may occasionally be caught with a piece of dead fish which is strongly tainted. Skate's liver, a most difficult bait to keep 011 the hook, he is particularly fond of, and tainted ba'its, in which may be included the entrails of chickens and rabbits, are especially effective in the neighbourhood of harbours frequented by fishing boats, where a large amount of none too fresh refuse is thrown into the sea, and acts as ground bait. If the sea is excessively clear, se often the case on the rocky coast of Devon and Cornwall after a long &pell of fine weather, it seems almost impossible to catch bass except at night. I was talking over this subjeet with a very successful bass fisher in South Wales, who laid down so many conditions which ought to be satisfied before bass could be caught that if his views had been absolutely correct these fish would only find their way into the angler's oreel:1 bout once in a blue moon. In the first place, said he, the water must be a little thickened by wind from the south-west. Then it must be the period of spring tides, and in addi- tion the tide must be rising, not falling, an hour before daybreak. Moreover, nothing could be caught unless it so chanced that the trawlers were bringing some skate from which liver could be obtained for bait. Of course, these conditions were somewhat local, but generally speaking it may be said that the best bass fishing is during the period of sprmg tides, when the water is a little coloured, and the angler should be on the war-path at daybreak. BASS FISHING is itself a very large subject, and having regard to the limits of space, it is necessary to pass on to the consideration of some other of the fish which take a fly. Among these are included every fish that feeds on the fry of the herring or sprat, and more particularly the mackerel, pollack, coal-fish, and herrings. On the Eftst coast it is rare to hear of herrings being caught with a fly, but in Ireland and Scotland, where the coast line is in. dented with numerous inlets of the sea, the herrings sometimes swarm into these salt water lochs in the autumn, and there are several instances sf anglers having obtained really good sport by casting a white.wmged fly. There is no doubt whatever jthat the ordinary white-winged fly. so commonly used in the sea, is regarded by I the fish which seize it as a small herring or sprat. A piece of fish skin attached to the hook and worked like a fly often answers better than feathers and wool. THK BEST MACKEREL FISHING for amateurs is on the South and West coasts of England, particularly in the Bristol Channel. When the water itL. excessively clear ,«*jd calm, and the fish bite shyly, there is nothing for it but to fish at night, and this is particularly the case .wi.tfi conger fishing. Congers, however, bekig -of enormous strength, require a stronger tacike than can be used with the rod. I am speaking of eels weighing from 10 to 20 pounds, and not of the little things one catches on a sandy bottom and estuaries of only a pound or two. It is exciting sport sitting out some calm, moon- light night, just over the edge of some submerged reef of rocks, hauling up monster eels. Congers attain the weight of 801bs. or more, so where large ones may be expected the tackle must be enor- mously strong. I saw two fishermen row into the harbour at Ilfracombe, having in their boat half an immense eel. After vainly trying to get the whole of him into the boat, one of the men had taken out his knife and sliced the fish in half, losing the tail portion. I can quite believe the story of the lost tail, for an eighty 0" a hundred pound conger would be a fair match for any two men. I remember a Welsh boy catching a nine- teen pound conger amuDg the rocks at low water, by means of an iron hook. It was with the greatest difficulty that he seonred It. The fish spun and twisted round, and caught him a blow in the face with its tail that nearly knocked him over. ui.iL. In conolusion, let me say that the sport to be obtained in the sea is every bit as excitmg as tnat afforded by our rivers and lakes. But it is most necessary to have local knowledge, the right bait, and to fish at the right season of the year, and when the tides suit.

POLITICAL ITEM.—"The defeated candidate re. minds me of Johnny." How so "Johnny's father paid to him: Johnny, it would be a good thing for you to remember in life that we never get anything in this world if we don't ask for it.' To which Johnny replied I M That's where you're off, pa, for I got a licking from a big boy at sohool, and you bet your life I didn't ask foe iK'|

[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.] Profitable Rural Pursuits. ",J J' By "AN EXPERT." A COLUMN FOB FANCIERS, FARMERS, FRUIT GROWERS, AND ALL INTERESTED IN BUBAL Torres, Covent Garden Market. Our visit to Covent Garden, as promised to the readers of this column last week, was at a very happy and suitable time for getting the fullest information about prices and things most plenti. ful. On Friday morning last we took a good two hours after the morning market was over to get a few quiet words with some of the principal salesmen in fruit, flowers, and vegetables. On scanning the flower markat we soon saw that walls, violets, Lent lilies, arums, camellias, lily of the valley, roses, primroses, pelargoniums, and lilac were the flowers most in evidence. Of the hardier kinds of the foregoing the sweeb violets seem to be most plentiful. The large single light- blue violet Odoratissima was well represented. The deliriously fragrant pale lavender-coloured De Parme was easily recognisable. The two real beauties of the day in violets, however, were those we illusbrate The Brazzft or Swanley white is truly a magnifi- cent flower large, double, pure white, and deli- ciously perfumed it is county the fineab of all double white violets. Wallflowers appear to be just coming in, and will soon take the place of the violets. Among fruit we noticed some tine English apples, Alfrestons being very fine and large, and selling retail at about l%d each. The most plentiful was the Wellington, and the wholesale price of this kind was from 6s to 8* per bushel. Strawberries were jusb represented by a few baskets, but we were afraid to ask the price cf them. Pine apples are on sale at 2s 6d each up- wards. The most plentiful vegetable appeared to be brocoli chiefly from Penzance. Some English asparagus Was on show at 12s per bunch, and a fair arrival of Spanish asparagus at about the same figure had just come in. Early potatoes from the Canary Islands were plentiful; beans, a kind of dwarf runners, ap- parently, were in good supply, selling wholesale at 3s 6d per basket of about a peck. We also noticed some fine tomatoes at 19 to Is 6d per lb. retail; any quantity 0f forced rhubarb at all kinds of prices; a few cacmnber8, some fine mush looms, and every kind of satad vegetable almost as if it were July or August, instead of the first week in March. Pot plants seemed to be chiefly such as ciiiuerariagf genistas, cycla- men, azaleas, heaths, marguerites, hyacinths, evergreens, palms, and ferns. One flower we may mention that we never fail to notice when we visit Covent Garden, a lower that we should imagine there are salesmen in the market who are never a single day without, is the old crimson- red rose, General Jacquiminot. For this old favourite there appears to be an unfailing demand all the year round. Poultry.—-Uefc.sitters. r In our note last week on what our next topics would be a slip of the pen made us say" non- layers" instead of non-sitters, which we are intending to write about. The chief of the non. sitting breeds of fowls are the Hamburgs, Minorcas, Houdans, Leghorns, and Andalusians. It is hard to say which of the breeds is most popular. If we had to choose we should, we think, incline to the two first-named and then toss up, for we could be "haupy with either were 'tother away." The non-sitters are the peaceable town dwelling, poultry-loving fanciers' fowls for several good reasons. They lay well almost all the year. An average of 200 eggs per hen may be obtained from any of the breeds named if careful attention to housing and feeding is exercised. No crowing chanticleer to arise the morn" need be kept if only egg- producing is desired, and the hens will lay quite as well without a tyrant and master. There are features and peculiarities in each of the breeds. The Hamburgs should have a good sized run, as they like to stray about, and they bear close confinement worse than any breeds we know of. The Houdans are tender, they easily learn the trick of feather-eating, but they lay like the Andalusians, eggs of a very fine size, averaging about seven to a lb. Leghorns are very hardy they are small, and their flesh is rather yellow thoy mature early, bear confine- ment well in back yards and such dull places, and may be relied on for a good supply of eggs in winter. Leghorns are beautifully shaped birds, and the brown, white, black, buff, pale, and duckwing varieties of them are all attractive. We think the white is the best of tho whole, but the brown shows dirt least on the plumage, and that may be a recommendation. The small- bodied Andalusian is a wonderful layer of large sized eggs. Of the kinds of non- sitters these breed less true to colour, and it is not unusual to get both white and black ones from a sitting of eggs laid by hens of the true shade of slate or pale grey-their natural colour. It is said that the breed originated by crossing the black and white Minorcas, and that will account at once for the defects named. Anda- lusians are not hardy, and they lay much better in summer than in winter. It pays beat to hatch the chickens out rather late, say about May and June, and then if well wintered they will lay at about seven months old, and keep on for a long time. Mushroom Culture. The mushroom growers for market are now busy getting ready hotbeds for spawning with prepared mushroom spawn. It is one of the filst principles in this class of woik that a stsady bottom heat shall be maintained in the beds for a certain period-that is, till the spawn has run and growth of mushrooms has well commenced. Horse-dung is the best and most reliable material for getting the steady bottom heat. Beds are made up as solid as possible with fresh stable dung, without the straw. It requires heating through once or twice previous to making up the beds, so that the heat may be steadier and more lasting. The most failures to grow mushrooms are owing to this cause. Next to that, failures often occur through the spawn being stale and exhausted. Freshly- made spawn should be insisted on at the dealers by everyone who has to buy it. It is easy to tell, as it will be seen to be full of the fine threads of the mycelium in a growing state. If these are suffeted to get dry and cold they soon perish. We once saw a sight in the way of spawn developing in its own growth. It was like this :— I SPAWN AND MU$itltooMll. I That is not a hundredth part of what a cake of spawn can be made to do if ib is properly used. Each cake of spawn will make about, 15 pieces of the sice of an egg, and each spot in the mush- room bed, ab which one of the Pieces of spawn is pub in should produce at least a dozen mushrooms. We do not say thot mushroom growing may be learnt by reading books. We got our own first knowledge of agaries from a study of British fungi, and we have recently read a most practical little book on the subjsot, called Mushrooms for the Million." Open-air mushroom culture is not difficult. It is quite possible to get them to grow lID aood ijieadow land where they have never been known to grow. Tucking in pieces of fresh spawn under the tarf in May will do it. A Useful Hobby Bee-keeping. Thingstnay be pushed too far. Bee-keeping will not soon be overdone in this country because we have one great drawback—the uncertain season. It is possible that as a hobby there is not one sensible rural pursuit that can be made so easily profitable and so interesting as bee-keeping. Hitherto all the bee-fanciers have been men of culture, education, and intelligence, and most of them have become experts. But if every rural person turns bee- keeper two things will be sure to happen there will be a lot of lamentable failures, and the busi- ness will soon be overdone. This is not meant to be discouraging, but the reverse, and it is specially addressed to men and women who are on the IOJk out for a profitable hobby. There is something to be done for and with bees every month in the year. In January and February they need attention to protect them from the weather, and that is also the best season for making hives and appliances. In March favour. able weather allows of hives boing examined, floor-boards cleaned, food given where necessary, and towards the end of the month thin syrup to encourage breeding will be necessary as well. This is important, so early in the year, because it takes six or seven weeks to get up a colony in time for the first flow of honey. In April artificial pollen should be fed, supplying au increasing quantity daily in fine weather, and it must be remembered that a cheok at this time from low feeding, severe weather or Miy o her cause means starvation to the colony. When May comas the bees will begin to be busy, and their visits to willow, gorse, and other spring flowers (for poHtn chiefly) will be frequent and continuous in fine weather. In June swarming will commence, and then the beekeeper, too, will be busy. The old saying, "A swarm in May," etc., is a very true one; and every May and early June swarm should put a golden sovereign into the owner's pocket by winter, and still leave them enough of their golden store to subsist upon till the following year. June will also see superiug in full practice. July will see extracting begin, lUld crates being frequently filled and exchanged. August will be a repetition of Juiy. September will bring the end of the harvest and the commencement of syrup feeding, in order to keep up the work of the queens, who leave off breeding as soon as the supply of food from without ceases. October, we all know, is the month for mead and honey, for quilts and candy, ana for preparing to make all snug for the winter. In November and December the season is quieter, but there are such duties as wax-extraoting, cleaning of frames and supers, and of getting all ready for next year. Next week we intend to write about the man- agement of lawns cheaply grown annuals hack- neys (illustrated); and health exercises (illus. trated).

GARDENING NOTES. Flower Garden. The spring-like weather we have had lately haa hastened the growth of shrubs and flowers. The earliest flowers will be generally found on the warm rockery. Masses of the white-flowered arabis albida have been conspicuous for some time past. Shady spots are most suitable for the choice primulas, of which many are now m bloom, including rosea ciliata, cashmeriana, farinosa, and glaucesens. Wherever there is a rockery, a bed on the shady side should be specially made for the choice hardy primulas, working in plenty of leaf mould and fragments of stone, with a pro- portion of fine grit, But shade from the hot sun- shine in the summer is most important. Rockeries may be arranged or altered now. The position should be free from the drip of trees. One of the prettiest rock gardens I am acquainted with has been laid out on the site of an old quarry from which the principal part of the stones tor building the house had been taken many years ago. There was plenty of scope for bold masses of natural rock, with lofty cliffs overhung with creepers, the summits being clothed with suitable trees and shrubs. The advantage of the rock garden is that there is no finality about it. A wing may be added any time without interfering with the original design. I am acquainted with a very pretty rock garden which was commenced some years ago, and is still incomplete, as several families of plants which it is intended to intro- duce are still absent. It was begun by digging an immense hole, the earth from which was thrown up into irregular mounds. Rough stone stairs wound up and down the banks, and winding paths led to many of the choice groups of plants. It was a long and somewhat expensive job, as carting heavy masses of stones costs much money. And though there has been disappoint- ments with sume of the subjects planted, valuable experience has been gained, and a very interesting collection of alpine shrubs and flowers has been got together in a small space. There is no doubt, I think, that the most pleasurable phase of gar- dening is the hardy plant garden and though it may not be much cheaper than other forms of gardening, there is more, very much more, return for the money. There is no form of gardening which finds room for so many plants as the alpine garden, and it may be made in a comparatively small space. Hardy plants of all kinds may be divided and re-planted now in open weather. Fruit Garden. Apricots against warm buildings will now be opening their blossoms, and should be protected in some way. I have seen as good results obtained by simple means as by the adoption of more expensive and elaborate systems of protec- tion. What can be simpler or more easily applied than an old fishing-net, which may be bought very cheaply, and if doubled and suspended in front of the trees, and se- cured to stakes at the bottom, so that the wind cannot blow it against the blossoms, a crop can generally be relied upon. It is wonderful what an effect a covering of this kind has in keeping off cold storms of sleet and rain, and what shelter is afforded 011 frosty nights. Grafting may lie done as soon as the sap is fairly on the move. Young heads may easily be placed on old trees if these have not parted with all their vigour, and worthless varieties may in a couple of years be converted into bearing trees of the best quality fruit. Think of the difference in value of the crop if all those worth- less, or nearly worthless, apples could, almost by A flourish of the knife, be converted intc Blenheims or Orange Pippins. But we cannot bring the dead to life nor rejuvenate the worn- out tree. I have seen it tried, but the attempt was a failure. Cutting off the head of an old apple tree is a very drastic measure. If the stem is sound and the roots healthy all goes well, but not otherwise. Nearly everybody blessed with a greenhouse tries to grow a few early strawberries therein. Any plants which are in pots now may be taken into the house and placed on shelves near the glass. The roots must be kept moist, but not saturated, especially at first. The plants will bear a good deal of feeding after the blossoms are set, but not now. Vegetable Garden. Vegetable gardeners have a busy time. now. March is the month which calls up all the latent energies of the vegetable grower. Onions must be sown even in backward districts early in the month. Every day lost in March means a loss to the onion crop. On light soils, March is too late to sow to obtain a good crop. Those who are thinking of growing cucumbers in a hotbed may sately make preparations for making up the bed. It will take at least three loads of manure to make up a bed large enough for an ordinary two- light frame, 6 feet by 8 feet; but after the bed is exhausted in the autumn, the manure will be valuable for the garden and the cucum- bers, if carefully managed, should do something more than pay for the manure and a good deal of useful work may be done in the early stages of the cucmnbefrs in ramlng plants of various kinds from seeds and strikingcuttings. Vegetable mar- row?, ridge cucumbers, tomatoes, etc., may all be started in the cucumber frame. But if the manure is fresh from the stable, at least a fort- night must be spent in getting the afrftnure into condition. It is first shaken to pieces and thrown into a heap, and left till tho steam rising /rou^ denotes that it is getting warm. It is then turned over and intermixed, and left to get warm again, when it reoeives another turn over. At each turning the outsides of the heap are worked into the centre, eo that all the manure may under- go the purifying process by exposure to heat. Greenhouse. Where there is a grape vine in the greenhouse, the vine buds will now be breaking, and if more shoots than are required are present, remove the weakest promptly. And when the shoots left are a foot or so long, link them down towards the wires with a piece of soft matting. Thisisim. portant work, and requires careful handling. If the shoots are drawn down too much at first, they may splinter off, and a blank be left which will be difficult to fill up. Stop all shoots from one to two leaves beyond the bunch. I prefer two leaves where there is room, but rather than crowd the foliage, I should be content with one only. Cut off the top of early struck bedding geraniums, and, after trimming off the bottom leaves and reducing back to a joint, insert the outtings in pots of sandy soil, but do not plunge in a hotbed or keep in a very close place. Window Garden. Ferns are beginning to grow freely now, and as soon as the young fronds are fairly started, re-pot at once, if the plants require it. As a rule, most of of the ferns at this season will be benefited by being placed in fresh compost, shaking away as much of the old soil as possible. This ro-potting is necessary for many other plants besides ferns at this season. Keep a look-out for green-fly on Pelargoniums. Weak liquid manure will be use- ful when the blossom-buds appear* Gardening,

Andrew Fletcher, of Salteun, in a letter to the Marquis of Montrose, wrote :—"I knew a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to make all the ballads he need not care who should make the laws ef the nation."

TRUE NGBILITY. Let the lowliest task be mine, Grateful, GO the work be Thine; Let me find the humblest place In the shadow of Thy grace: Blest to me were any spot Where temptation whispers not. If there be eome weaker one, Give me strength to help him on; If a blinder soul there be, Let me guide him nearer Thee. Make my mortal di earns come tru* With the work I fain would do; Clothe with life the weak intent, Let me be the thing I meant; Let me find in Thy employ Peace that dearer is than joy Out of self to love be led And to heaven acclimated, Until all things sweet and good Seem my natural habitude, JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTHER,

A COMING POET. My Friend a. Poet must ere long arise, Aud with a rogal song sun-crown this age, As a saint's head is with a halo crown'd. One who sball hallow Poetry, to God, And to its own high uses, for Poetry is The grandest chariot wherein king-thoughts ride; One who shall fervent grasp the sword of song, As a stern swordsman grasps his keenest blade To find the quickest passage to the heart. A mighty Poet whom this age shall choose To be its spokesman to all coming t'mes. In the ripe full-blown season of his soul He shall go forward in his spirit's strength, And grapple with the questions of all times, And wring from them their meaning—as King Saul Called up the buried prophet from his grava To speak bis doom, so shall the Poet-King Call up the dead Past from its awful grave To tell him of our future. As the air Doth sphere the world, so shall his heart of love- Loving mankind, not peoples. As the lake Reflects the flower, man, rock, and bending heaven, Shall he reflect our great humanity; And as the young spring breathes with living breath On a dead branch, till it sprouts fragrantly Green leaves and sunny flowers, shall he breathe life Throngh every theme he touch, making all Beauty And Poetry for ever like the stars. ALEXANDER SMITH (CO Life Drama ").

The Household. How to Put on Gloves. The length of time a pair of kid gloves will wear depends very much on the way they are put on, especially the first time. Never put on a pair of new gloves in a hurry; take plenty of time and keen cool. It is of great importance that the hand should remain dry and cool, and be perfectly clean. It is well to dust it with a little plain rice powder to this end. Work the fingers well down before you put in the thumb, work the thumb in slowly, and then the rest of the hand begin at the second button and ascend, then return to the first button, which will now fasten easily without breaking or stretching the buttonhole. Your hand will frequently be moist with perspiration when about to remove the gloves'; in this case pull them off wrong side out, so that the moisture can evaporate. When quite dry, turn the fingers and smooth the gloves into shape, laying them in a box or other receptacle long enough to receive them, excepb in the case of evening gloves, which may be folded half-way up the arm. Another way to make gloves last is to buy them large enough. A glove that is too tight iireeses the band out of shape, makes it red, and is always in bad taste.—Tht Spinning WhteL The Baby. Don't neglect to have the baby's clothing light, warm, loose, and free from pins. Don't spoil the infant by walking or rocking it to sleep, and do not let anyone else do so; it will sleep best and most naturally when lying upon a comfortable bed. Don't strain the baby's eyes by allowing a strong light to shine directly into them, especially when he first wakes. Don't lay the child down with his ears bent away from his head; the result will be a deformity. Don't fail to feel baby's hands and feet during cold weather, both day and night. It they become cold, rub them gently till warm; if that does not have the desired result, wrap them in warm flannels. Don't forget tb%t small socks, tight clothing— anything which interferes with the circulation- will produce coldness of the hands and feet. Don't forget that baby's lungs need plenty of pure, fresh air; but that they are still delicate, and ought not to be exposed to raw winds or sudden changes. Don't let baby sit on the floor in cold weather it is there the most dangerous draughts are to be met. Don't let him sit or lie close to the windows, for a similar reason. Don't have the room too warm; 70deg, is about the right temperature, and there should be as little change as possible. Don't take the baby out in severely cold, in damp or unhealthy weather, with the supposition that it will be the means of toughen- ing" him it may do that—it may cost the little life. Warts. A well-known doctor, speaking of the conta- giousness of common warts, says that common warts appear to arise by implantation of some contagious material at one or more points on ex- posed parts of the skin. There is also some idiosyncrasy, for, while children especially are very liable to warts, others, though living under precisely the same conditions, never suffer from them. From the original wart or warts thus produced others may, by local inoculation, be sot up just in the immediate neighbourhood. At any period he believes that communication to another person is possible by ordinary contact, though a somewhat close contact appears to be necessary. As to the local treatment of warts, the commonest mistake is to attempt to destroy the wart at once by some powerful caustic, this process being often painful, and, if successful, apt to leave a scar. A better method is to apply several times daily some light caustic, as concen- trated or glacial acetic acid, and in this lies the main secret of successful treatment. Hints. CBLKRY SANDWICHES.—Whip up some nice sweet cream and add to it as much Parmesan cheese as will make It paste. Spread thin slices of bread sparingly with butter, then spread on the cheese and cream, and over it sprinkle celery chopped very line. These sandwiches are not so desirable if allowed to stand a white after being made, but if eaten at once they are very nice indeed. SippBT PUDDING.—Cut slices of bread very thin, butter them, and lay in a baking dish (butter the dish first), strew over them citron, raisins, and currants with sugar. Put in alternate layers of bread and fruit. Pour over the whole air unboiled custard of milk and eggs as sweet a)f you like it. Bake a liglit brown. TARTINSS.—Spread four slices cut from a new tin-loaf with bloater-paste and butter, previously mixed together on a plate, cut Mch jlKft.ot bread in half, then put alternate stripi of cold chicken on it, and red tongue, which cut into shape with a cutlet-shaped cutter and arrange them cutlet- fashion on the dish, iu close rows, round a nice handful of washed and dried mustard and cress. TAPIOCA CKEAH.—Oue quart of milk, four tablespoonfuis of tapioca soaked over night, the yolks of three eggs, sugar to suit taste. Let the milk come to a boil, first putting in the tapioca and a pinch of salt; then stir in the beaten yolks with sugar beat the whites to a stiff froth and add.XFIavour with vanilla.

FV, IJST MASHKR: Goodness gwacious, Archie! owe s a gwease*spot on yonr coat I" SECOND MASHKB: Yes, 1 told Arabella I could 2?v?r marry her, and she wept on my shoulder, awfully don'tjROUiknow! That's a

Welsh Tit-Bits, Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingitn, [BY CADBAWD.] The Old Church at Liswtrney, The arch from nave to tower is large and simple. pointed with rudimentary attempt at ornamenta- tion at the jambs. That from tower to chancel is smaller, the arch more acutely pointed, and with projecting jambs at the imposts. It stands a little north of the centre of the wall, and on the south side there is a hagiscope, or squint-hole for worshippers there to witness the ceremonies at the altar. There is a second arch, walled up. The windows are of slightly varied character; those in the nave are two-light and square headed there are five, viz., two north, two south, and one at some height at the west. A window of the same design lights the ground floor of the tower, while in the chancel there is on the south a rather elegant single light pointed window, of later date than the church, and at the east a window formed by three separate simple lancets of very simple design centre lights are formed into one window by a simple drip-stone head. In the south wall of chancel and within the altar rails is an exceedingly curious pillared piscina, the head of which stands 1U a portion of a square recess. There ara traces of a rood loft at the east end of nave. On the north wall of the nave the Creed and Lord's Prayer are faintly visible, done in distemper in the seventeenth century. There are several monuments on the walls and inscribed flat stones on the floor of both nave and chancel. The earliest is, perhaps, is the incised cross upon an oblong stone in the nave floor. It is much defaced, and the inscription is quite worn out. The oldest inscription bears date 1644. WILLIAM HOWABD, BURIED THII: 4 DAn: OF NOVEMBER, 1644. On the north wall 18 a marble monument to sundry members of the Came family, beginning with John Carne, who died Nov. 26th, 1762, aged 60. He was 20th in descent in an unbroken line from Iddyn, King of Gwent, whose son Thomas had the name of Carne from the place of his birth, which has continued the surname of this family from about the middle of the ninth century." [N.B. What exaggeration for a grave- stone.] The Carne burial place is within a railed en- closure in the confined space in the churchyard, south-west of the porch. How many generations of them may be lying there is not known, pro- bably none earlier than the JohnCarne mentioned above. Previously the Carnes had buried in Cowbridge Church, under their grand family pew, which was in existence up to the restoration of the church in 1849. Opposite the porch in the ohurohyard is a monumental stone cross erected since 1870 to certain members of the Carne family who are buried elsewhere. There is but one bell now at Lisworney. There were four up to a la.te period in the last century, but they all fell down one Sunday morning before service, and were too much damaged to be put up again. Antiquities of Lisworney. Our antiquities begin with those of the pre- historic period, and we shall go slightly outside the parish for the first examples. Pre-historic people, be it remembered, were not bound down by parochial limits, and there are sundry tokens that their minds, although less cultured than those of the menof this late age, were smgularlyfree from parochial narrowness. Opposite the "Breach "gate, within sight of Lisworney, and, indeed, as the crow flies, within half a mile of the vtllage, are three tumuli, arranged in a kind of triangle. Tradition has nothing to say of these mounds, except the vAtrue remark that they cover the re- mains of those who were slain in battles fought here, which tradition may or may not be we but burial places undoubtedly they are, and the mounds are still well defined, although under- going yearly diminution by constant ploughing and harrowing. It may also safely be said that the persons buried were of nearer kin to the then dwellers in Lisworney than to those of any neighbouring village; a nd thus, though the mounds stand just outside the present parish, they are entitled to be spoken of in connection with the early history of Lisworney. On the north side of the parish the ground rises to the hamlet of Pentre Meyrick. 'The hamlet is in the parish of Penlhne, but closely borders the parish of Lisworney. You have to pass through this hamlet to get by road to a little oommon- or what was once a common, for it is now enclosed—called Mynydd Bychan. We do not suppose that when it was open that it measured more than two-and-a-half acres. The road to Pwllywrach now skirts the wall of the enclosure. Upon the higher part of the common, from which the ground slopes pleasantly down southward to Lisworney, is a small, but perfectly-defined camp. This camp stands in a commanding position, and is said to have been Roman work. A little to the east was a tumulus, which was opened in the winter of 1863. and was found to contain a cinerary urn and other evidences of British burial. It was demolished in opening a roadside quarry, and no accurate observation was made of the formation of the mound nor of the position, character, and appearance of the articles found in it. Mr R. C. Nicholl Carne, the lord of the manor, collected afterwards all the evidence he could from those who committed this unauthorised destruction, and communicated the results to the Arch. Cambrensis." The Book of Bagian. ABERGAVENNY. Thoa. Herbert, of Abergeveney, base sone to Riclierd Herbert, of Ewias, had bye his iij. con- cupines divers ohildrene (viz.), byo Maid M-tthew, Wm. Herbert, who ma. Ane, the da. of John Nicholl Gilbert Margaret, who ma. W m. Ab Ievan Prees, 21y ma. Waller Lloyd, of Aberge. veney Jane, ma. Thos. Edward, of Abergeveney, and Sibill, ma. to Wm. Hopkin Dawkines, and bye Elizabeth Howell ap Hygin hee had Richard Herbert, Glof, who ma. da. to David Gruffydd Colie, of Hanwenarth. Ales ma. Wm, Jenkin ab Hopkin, of Raglan. Anne ma. George ab Richard and Phillip Herbert, of St. Andre's, and bye Maid verch Dafydd hee had Dido and Anne, which Dido ma. John Harrie, of Crindaye. PHILLIP HBRBBBT. Phe. Herbert, baso to Wm., Earle of Pem- broke, ma. Ladie Towyn, da. to Rees Meredith ab Owen. Dacye Herbert ma. to Morgan Mathew 2nd, she ma. Nicholas Williams; 3rd, she ma. to Watkin Vaughan. Wm. Herbert Stewart, base to the said Phe. Herbert, ma. da. to Walter Baskervilo, Knight, who had issue Jane, who ma. Wm. Dafydd Morgan, of Tryley, Esqr., and Anne, ma. to Hoiskin, of Llanfi- bangoll-y-Gofion. John Herbert, 2nd sone to Phe. Herbert, Pen- keysad, viz., liftenant, ma. cozen to the ladie Bergeveney, who had issue Phillip Herbert, who ma. Johan, da. to Richerd Lloyd, of Abergevoney, who had issue Thos. Herbert, ma. Jane, the da. of John Meredith, of Abergeveney, and Wm. Herbert, Margaret Herbert, Johan Herbert, Wm. Herbert, base sone to John Herbert bye Maud Lewis, Jane, a base da. to John Herbert, ma. Wm. Watkin, of Llanveire Gilgedyn; Weullian, base da. to John Herbert, ma. John ab David PoweU Mirick; Margaret, base da. to John Herbert bye Maud Lewis, ma. Lewis ab Hopkin, of Hanvapley. Thos. Herbert, heir, sone to Phe., sone to Wm. Eaile of Pembroke, xna. Maud, da. and heir to Richerd Hergeet, of Chanstow, Esqr. Richard' Herbert, base scne to Thos. Herbert, heire, ma. Bridget Cemes Maud Herbert, base bye the da. ofJenkm David Griffith, of Cefnbach, ma. to Morris Hughe, of Usfce. THOS. HJtRBERT, GLOS. 1 hos. Herbert. Gtos., sone to Wm. Earle of Pembroke, who had issue John Herbert, of Pont- cernys, ma. Alson, da. to Thos. Gwillim HowelL a3mu nntvnia" to Wm- Coxe, of Norton. ■thos. Herbert, of Pontcemes, Wm. Herbert, and Jane Herbert, children to John Herbert; James Herbert, sone to John Herbert, ma. L Margaret da. to Watkin ab Gwillim, IL ma. da. t-) Lewis Rosser. Margaret Herbert, da. to John Herbert, ma. John Wm. Phillip, of Cemes, Commander; another da. ma. to David Phillip Jenkin. COLBROCK. Sir Richard Herbert, Knight, ma. Margaret, da. to Thos. ab Grn. Nicholas bye Mabel, the da. of Meredith ab Henrye Downe, and had bye her throe sones, viz., Sir Will. Herbert, of Cotbrock, Knight, Sir Richard Herbert, of Mountgomery, Knight, and John Herbert, of Laoharn, Esq., and bye other women four base sones, viz. William Herbert, of Crickhowell, Thos. Herbert! of Moregrange, James Herbert, of Llantilio Crosseney.^ir John JJerter?' -QwiHWBgary, p.ssww W JSWwpl Ydjll»

■ I '.I ifl GOSSIPS' CORto^ Madame Patti is very proud of her DeBfeMit The Duke of York has a passion Dressmakers say stage-dresses inflae*ti^|N%Etak considerably. The Archbishop of York condemns in graveyards. France's oyster industry is-the 1" kind in Europe. The Wesleyans are the strongest reli in the Isle of Man. The restaurants of Paris sold in 1 dozen frogs' legs. Jw' Baldwin Brown happily described chjQpp^er Hi consolidated habit ¥ Some mahogany trees in Honduras from £ 1,000 to £ 1,200. The English fruit crop gives signs ceptionally good this year. *8? A large increase is reported in the BflKMf < pauper lunatics in Scotland. A Glasgow butler named John Hill MjrfaU* heir to a fortune of £32,000.> The Queen of Corea has a lady pby&frn gets a salary of £ 3,000 yearly. Diamonds are twenty times more ^fHneroik than they were thirty years ago. ■jfc.. Mr W. T. Steid is about to publish ^^CSucagC a book exposing its municipal corruption*. Trade between the United States and, increased 10 million dollars in 1893 over Sir Oliver Mowat, the Premier of Oijsaricv hf occupied that position for 22 consecutiveyears. In Siam, when a funeral is passing, the Irotutf take down their hair and unfasten their beads. One firm alone of London drapers sell and-a-quarter million pairs of gloves per For all Court ceremonials the Duchess has a great distaste. Her babies are her pleasure. A German electrician is said to have, miniature incandescent lamps to the polkls 4* skates. Shepherds in the United States get Emin U 40 dollars per mouth for looking after herds ofjQk to 400 head. 4 Mr Justice Romer is rapidly earning this tation of being one of the most expeditions Jadgq on the bench. Refuse hops, hitherto thrown away in are now converted into a good artiole of a foreign chemist. The 35th anniversary of the English Churol Union is now fixed to be held in London dB- June 13th and 14th. I( is found that the English are the taUe|( among the European professional classes, gaa^>,j ing, as they do, 5ft. 9%in. # It is stated that General Booth intends to visit America and Canada early in September next it the interests of the Salvation Army. If parents are tall the ohildren tend to be tall but the offspring of parents of unequal heigh), most frequently follow the shorter. At the dinner of the National Telephone Com- pany in London it was stated that the oomptay send 250,000,000 messages annually. It takes an artistic woman to hold up her drew skirt gracefully. Not one woman in ten catf hoK her.dress so that it hangs prettily round the The carrying capacity of the cables betweet Australia and Europe is from 72,000 to 104w, words » day. The actual traffic is abbot 5.00C words a day. Lady Frederick Cavendish, who is appointelf one of the members of the Commission oa Secondary Education, is admirably qualified U fulfil her duties. A Lubeck wine merchant has presented Princr Bismarck -with a dozen bottles of Madeira a cen tury old, in commemoration of the Ewpeto^i recent visit to Friedrichsruh. In the Lancet of the 3rd inst. a valuable papsi appears from the pen of Dr. J. T. Creswipk Williams, of Whitland, formerly house surgeon at the Carmarthenshire Infirmary. The biography and sermons of the late Rev. W. Prytherch, Carmarthenshire, is in the prew and will appear shortly. The book is written bJ. the Rev. T. E. Edwards, Cwmavon. The Mashonaland pioneers are fixed ■ in tbeii determination to re-christen tfSe country after their great leader. The Rhodesia Herald hfta made its appearance at Fort Salisbury. Of the clergymen whose names are mentioned as being officially connected with the diocese of St. David's, there are 75 of the name of Jones, fit of Davies, 46 of Williams, and 44 of EVans. Typhoid fever has been so prevalent in Mel- bourne lately that the health authoritiet have again called public attention to the import- ance of looking after milk and water supplies. In Holland women and persons of either sex under the age of of 16 are now forbidden to kmo work earlier than 5 a.m., or to continue at wS• after 7 p.m., nor can their work exceed U ho; a day in all. 'f. Proposals are before some of the largest o**« £ of lead royaities in the kingdom for the furti. V reduction of royalty rents, owing to the fact that the price of lead is about at the lowest known. Some concessions are being made. White, it is said, is to be very ikiuch woft during the season. It will appear in conjunction with black and grey and heliotrope in gowns, t! will be used alone for summer garb, and it wflf ake a prominent place in millinery. A lady-surveyor The county magistrates al Lifton, in Devonshire, at their meeting on Friday; appointed Mrs Lovell as surveyor of highways rpr the parish of Bratton Clovelly, in succession to her husband, who died a short time since. A new stone has just been introduced by thl fashionable jewellers. It is called the peridot.' and is a lustrous, dark-green stone of a deepei shade than the emerald. When set in a circle of brillants it is said to be remarkably beautiful and effective. Sir Henry Thompson the eminent surgeon, has offered a sum of £ 5,000 to the nation, through th' Astronomer Royal, for the purpose of buying; < telescope for Gloonwich Observatory. TIlt, telescope is to be expressly designed for photo graphic purposes. To the first babies of her grandchildren th* Queen always presents a bassinette, and she tatel the greatest personal interest in its preparation, The Queen is having a specially elaborate âQi beautiful cradle prepared for presentation to tht Duchess of York. x Cheap short cab-fares are being iuliwduMfl tt Paris. The authorities have been so long dig cussing the question that the cabbies have t:üc. the law into their own hands, and a small grouj have PbsW4 qp a tfofloe on thai* oah' ftitidqunfc "Petites courses, one franc.

A SATURDAY SERMON. The sky was dark, the heavens void. v peoples strangely agitated, or motioni, stupor. Whole nations disappeared. Others lifted their heads as if to view theif fall. Throu h the world was a dull sound of dissolufei0n trembled the heavens and the earth. hideous to behold. Placed between tWo j n he had no consciousness of either "nitiea, future, nor of his past. AU belief w 6r Man had no faith in his gods no Republic; society was no more', t-u in 3 Power stifling itself in blood or con ex'5!ied a debauchery; a iw of the past, that voted milli0lls Pe'u £ the majestj tyrant; pra»torians, who desni 6takues to slew the other; informers one slavish crowd who clapped th°Phisfcs' an4 th« principles were no more h»nds. Great existed still. The fatherland w., erio,) uteres*, solemn voice of BnnUs .J?*3 no more; tht death of virtue from j. "7 Proclaimed th« departed that they tnight totnb. Good IDe1 contact with the world, Tj not be defiled by to die of hunger, n™ erva allowed him&elt blood in libation to ,br Poured out hit soul of man had fled • m liberator. Tk« The multitude domanded^b^3 1Gi*ned of the circus. Philo^^u,^ the 6post, scepticism, then iafco had sunk first inW »bU«y Urn £ £ into satir*. Fo-try was transform^