The Cardiff Times

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WORKMEN'S TOPICS. THE EIGHT HOURS' BILL. Northumberland and Durham Contrasted with South Wales. BY MR W. ABRAHAM, M.P. (MABON). We feel very sorry indeed that in one feeble attempt of describing the recent debate in the House of Commons on the Miners' Eight Hours' any words of ours should give offence or even ambrageto some of our friends and colleagues. |f such has been the case, we beg inosb humbly to fender our sincere apologies. We find, however, at some of our friendly critics make certain statements occasionally that require to be taken Notice of. Our friend, Mr D. A. Thomas, M.P., makes it Point to state in each of his letters and inter- views that curtailing the output and raising Prices has been our main contention in favour ot %e Miners' Eight Hours Bill. In this he un- fittingly, we venture to think, does us an in- ilstice. True, we have often admitted that it Would have this effect, and that the Bill would be defensible from that standpoint. But it is not Afreet to say that such has been "our strong Point all along in contending for the Bill." No; tie have for some years now been contending for \bis Bill for other reasons than that; yea, very touch other, too. And, if we forget not, it was for one of those other reasons—and which at the 16rae was considered a most formidable one- lhat a Rhondda colliery proprietor, under the luise of a colhery manager, took ua up and con- Wded the statement, and which has again been discussed in Mr D. A. Thomas's last interview, 7iz., that the gleatestnumber of accidents occurred Jb the latter end of the day, &c., &c Again, some point has been made of the fact khat the miners' representatives of Durham and Northumberland voted against the Eight Hours' Bill. It was also said that we lacked frankness di not saying so. Well, if we have erred in that rlhectlon, our accusers surely cannot be guiltless )n similar grounds, for they ought to have eXplained that those gentlemen voted against the Bill for very different reasons to those of the Welsh members who voted against. The miners' representatives of Durham and Northumberland lave consistently voted against the Bill upon Principle. They object to legislative interference Vith the hours of adult labour, and voted against foe Bill on that account. They now hold exactly e same opinion with regard to the subject as 'hey did in 1890, and even in 1887. So far are fley from voting against the Bill because it pro- 4 poses to reduce the hours, that their only appre- hension with regard to it (should it ever become W) is that the maximum number of hours pre- ^tbed should be enforced as a minimum upon ÙteQJ, and so increase their time from an hour to "n hour and a half a day. Ob, no there is no "fcpport to be found for the opponents of the "eduction of hours of labour in mines in the fact Slat those gentlemen voted against the Bill. It is evident from the report of the interview Itith Mr D. A. Thomas in your issue of the 6th W, that aur friend has been putting up argu- ments like ninepins, for the sake of having the pleasure of bitting them down again. Who iWbfciifd of the argument that "if hours were shortened in our South Wales mines the output Would consequently increase?" We have often Jleard-and it is an uncontrovertiblefact-tlitt the Output per man is greater in those districts in "hich the hours of labour are shortest. This fact 3as been used by some friends of the Eight Hours' Movement as proving that, if the hours of labour Vvoulcl be shortened in these mines, a decreased Output would not necessarily follow but that under the new conditions itis quite possible for the .sarne output to be maintained. Who ever heard -Of me (Mabon) suggesting that the workman tets more coal in Northumberland (than he Would in Wales) because he works less hours," s is naturally inferred, from one of the special Puragraghs in this interview. But probably the most extraordinary state- iftent that has ever been made upon this subject is that a workman in North- umberland can get 50 per cent. more coal than a collier in South Wales in the same time. Here one cannot help seeing the value to oneself of the precautions asked from others, as in the case of our friend when he said, How careful people should be in drawing conclusions from statistics without knowing the circumstances Under which the statistics are obtained." Our friend quotes figures from the inspector's report to prove his contention. To be conclusive the one necessary condition is that the conditions of Retting coal m both districts are similar. If that III found not to be so, then the figure giving the time from bank to bank is neither a correct nor a fair division of the amount produced per man 'n each place. Still, for ths sake ef the conten- tion, the figures were given when it is well known that the condition of getting coal from the two districts are as removed as the poles. The Northumberland hewer gets coal, and that only. lie neither rips top, cuts bottom, or timbers his ^'orkmg-place. Nor does he even file the coal that he hews. All that is done for him by other luen whereas, on the other hand, the Welsh I eollier not only gets the coal, but, as a rule, he rips his top, he keeps his stall and road in repair, and be fills the coal into the tram as well. In addition to this, the coal produced by the Northumberland miner is through-and-through, and all that he gets is filled out; while, on the other hand, the vast majority of the Welsh colliers gob nearly one-third of the coal that they get. Moreover, unless the experience of all Welsh colliers that have been working in that district, > and the reports given by the Northumbrian miners themselves m our various conferences for he last 20 years, are not to be rehed upon, we Snd that the method and strain of working during the number of hours they (the men) do work, are Vastly different in the Northumberland mines han what they are in the Welsh mines. The Northumberland miners are accredited with working six hour?, or five and a half hours, at the (Ace, as the case may be, more like slaves and men devoid of feeling than like free and rational beings. There they have no short "whiff "or rest after arriving in the working face, nor any time for food; 75 pet cent, of them never take any food with them into the mine, and those who 1p must snap at it the best way they can, for there 13 i»o snap" time even recognised in the Northumbrian panes 4nripg the time pre are at the face, so they themselves report; while on the other hand those that say that it will take from the Welsh collier working time some two to two and a half hours per day if the eight hours from bank to bank become law, give him about '«ie-third of this time for eating and whiffing, so that the totally different conditions undfer which the miners work in Northumberland and in our 9Wn mines make any comparison as to the "nount of good that each man can get in a given Mine totally unreliable.

The Law Still Supreme. Crafty Client I'd like to get some legal advice Nini you. Learned Lawyer Certainly what is it ? Chent What's the best way to collect a bill fiat's been running for a long time ? Lawyer Well, the first thing, of course, is to .«Uiand the payment. Client Thanks. Then will you kindly settle his little matter of 15dols. that you've owed me tow for nearly four years ? Lawyer Fifteen dollars ? Client: Yes. Lawyer Oh, then we're just square. Client: How is that ? Lawyer My fee for the advice I just gave you "omes just to 15 dols.

A Pennsylvania man employed a young woman to collect bills from his swell customers. The scheme did not work. The young woman was so Rood looking and generally agreeable that the customers deliberately refrained from paytDg their. »U1B eo as to make her call again. V

Eight Hours Bill. -+-m_- fHE BANK-TO-BANK PROPOSAL Mr D. Morgan Replies to Mabon. TO THE EDITOR. SIR,—I am anxious, with your permission, to say something more on the above most important subject through your valuable columns. I have no objection whatever to my colleagues speaking or writing their views upon this matter but I have a complaint to make against them of their unfair way of debating the question. I lAve a complaint in this respect against Mr Abraham. He has stated that Mr D. A. Thomas, M.P., sacrificed his Radical principles in discussing this matter as he did in the House of Commons, where he put on the mantle of an employer and advo- cated his own interest." Now, it is well known in the South Wales collieries that Mr D. A. Thomas and myself happen to hold the same views on the question of eight hours in mines, and that Mr Thomas was only a mouthpiece to our constituency and myself in his utterances in the House of Commons. So Mr Abraham's charge against Mr Thomas is also a charge against our constituency and myself aud as I am myself in the position of a miners' agent, Mr Abraham might as well charge me with being a masters' man. I see that Mr Abraham in his letter of last Friday rather apologises for this, and states that he had no intention of abusing anyone," which I have no hesitation to believe; but I am sorry that Mr Abraham forgot the noble spirit of doing unto • others as he would that others should do to hun before printing ,bis article, for he said at the end (when dealing with the proposal of Mr Thomas, which involves a local option clause), The expectation of the supporters of this novel proposition in indus- trial legislation is that Northumberland and Durham counties would refuse to adopt the law, which is not altogether improbable, though they have not yet caused to be placed on the paper any suoh instruction or amendment. Then they (Mr Thomas and followers) believe that an out- cry would be raised in Monmouthshire and South Wales against the adoption of a measure that would reduce their chances in the competition with those districts; anything to defeat the Bill." The above proves that Mr Abraham returns to his abusive remarks before concluding his letter, although about the middle of his epistle he rather apologises or refutes any intention to damage any- one. I cannot charge Mr Abraham with endeavouring intentionally to insinuate dis- honesty to our side, but I must say that he for- gets his generosity, for the above, if true of us, means dishonesty. I shall now turn to the other parts of Mr Abraham's last article. He makes as strong a point as he can of the fact that "an eight hours' day from bank to bank is an old idea, and that I was with him and Mr Isaac Kvans, in 1887. in a conference at Scotland, and that we passed a resolution there in favour of eight hours from bank; to bank." This I may admit, but Mr Abraham state? only a. portion of the truth, and not the whole truth. He states the fact that we passed a resolution in favour of eight hours from bank to bank, but he does not say what we meant and understood by the eight hours from bank to bank. Mr. Abraham can't fail to re- member that all of us in South Wales were under the positive impression that we were working the axact nine hours from bank to bank then, which were the same hours as we are working now, but we must admit that this was an error, and it would be better for all of us to admit our errors rather than draw our men to destruction. So we supported the eight hours from bank to bank then with the understanding that it would only reduce an hour a day of our present hours. We were then under the distinct impression that the bank-to-bank phrase meant that every individual was to be down in the mine, practically com- mencing operations, at the first moment of tho eight hours, the same as we are now with the nine,and that no individual was to come up the pit (except in case of accident or by leave) until the end of the 6ight hours. But since then wo have been perfectly taught that the law of eight hours must apply to every individual, and not to a body of workmen as such, and that no person shall enter the pit before the commencement of the eight hours, and each person must be up before the end of the said eight hours. So the time of lowering the men and the time of raising them mu$t be within the eight hours, which is not less than 80 minutes on an average. Twill prove th*t this was Jlr Abraham's views ,^mu*fr\eemepli viz., that' eight hours from bank to bank meant teiglit hours pf winding doa], the same as we are working the nine hours at present. Mr Abraham at conferences used to advocate eight hours from bank to bank as a means to give employment to the unemployed, which he mentioned in his last letter and he said that the reduction from nine hours to the eight hours would mean employment to so many thousands that were then idle by reducing one hour per day. In the conference at Merthyr in 1890 fie advocated eight hours of work in the production of coal, eight hours of repairing, and eight hours for tho wo*\Jngs to cool. At this same conference he was instructed to get. a clause in the Bill to prohibit the introduc- tion of the double shift but when we met Mr Abraham in coun- cil afterwards he had been defeated by the English Labour M.P.'s, who were against giving us a clause to prohibit the double-shift system, but who advised us in South Wales to ask for an exorbitant price for the double-shift, and if it meant a strike for this high price that they would support us. When others and myself went to London and came to know definitely that we were not going to get t clause prohibiting the double-shift, and were given an explicit explana- tion showing that eight hours from bank to bank meant about 61h hours of work, I thenceforth deter- mined to put my foot down to do all I can to oppose the Bill until they alter the bank-to-bank phrase. Everybody will see that we were afraid of the introduction of the double-shift, even if we had the eight hours of winding coal. Mr Abraham ays in his letter that the con- stituency has not changed in their opinions in reference to the eight hours." I quite agree with him that they have not changed, and that their opinion at first was that the Bill meant eight hours of winding coal similar to what we profess to work the nine hours at present. We admit that the change is in us, who are humble enough to admit our former errors of the meaning of the eight or nine hours from bank to bank, and I am surprised to see Mr Abraham intimat- ing that it is a disgrace for any gentleman to change his opinion if he were convinced of a previous error. We yield to no man in adhering to practical principles, but not to dogma. I hope that Mr Abraham will not object to my asking a few questions of him, inasmuch as answering them would (in my opinion) clear much of the mist between us, for I would not object to answering questions that he may put, if I could. 1. Do eight hours from bank to bank mean that no man can enter the mine or pit before the first minute of the said eight hours, and must not every person in the pit be on the pit bank before, or at tne last minute of the eight hours ? 2. How many minutes will it take to lower down a pitTull of men, numbering 700, and how much to raise them again ? 3. How much time will it take for men to walk to and from the bottom of the shafts to their working places (on an average) in South Wales and Monmouthshire ? 4. After deducting the entire time out of the eight hours, how much time will the coal-hewers have to work in the place? 5. After reducing the time that the men are professing to work now—viz., the nine hoars' operation—is it possible for them to produce the same amount of work under the eight hours from bank to bank ? If not, how much advance in wages must they get in order to be in the same position as they are now in wages, and has Mr Abraham any hope of getting the said advance ? 6. Has Mr Abraham any hope of getting the same amount of wages per day to the day-wage men under the eight hours from bank to bank as they get at present If not, what will tio the difference,? v. 4 I »m reluotant, indeed, in putting the above questions to Mr Abraham but I feel so intensely on this matter as to its result that I am con- scientiously compelled to do st», and hope that Mr Abraham and others of the Labour members will reconsider their spirit of determination in the House of Commons. Whatever may be Mr Abraham's impression as to my attitude in this matter, I may state that I am animated by the best of motives.—I am, &c., D. MORGAN. Aberdare, June 13th.

PUTTING IT GENTLY. I say, old fellow, I'm broke. Now here's a conundrum. If you had ten pounds in your pocket and I asked you to lend me five, how much would remain ?" Ten, ot course," replied his companion. The subject wa* net pursued.

WELSH GLEANINGS. I _u_ By Lloffwr. The Birthday Honours. The Welsh papers do not seem to be satisfied with the share of the birthday honours which have fallen to Wales. It is, of course, impossible to satisfy everybody and the complaints made clearly show that, whatever selections have been made, all classes in Wales would not have been satisfied. Some object that South Wales has been honoured at the expense of the North; others that politicians only-as far as Wales is con- cerned—have been recognised others that the two fortunate ones are both rich men. The Gcncdl regrets that North Waleg: has been neglected. It would have been better to divide the honours between North nnd South. We should like to see other names in the list. How pleasant it would Lbe to write Sir Thomas Gee, Sir John Rhys. It is agreeable to find that so many journalists have been honoured." The Tyst devotes its lead- ing article to the subject, and is very querulous. It is hardly to be expected, it says, that all Wales will rejoice m the promotion of Sir Hussey Vivian and it fails to recognise what pre- eminent claims Mr William Davies had to a knighthood. Democrat in the Celt says :— Sir Hu-sey Vivian has had the honour of going from the House of Commons to the House of Lords. We here fail to shed tears on losing him as our member of Parliament. There are already too many capitalists in Parliament, and let us be wise in our generation by selecting one who is, in reality, a working man." The South Wales correspondent of the Bcmtr regrets that Sir Hussey Vivian has adopted the title of Lord Swansea, instead of Lord Abertawe, as Welsh- men hoped he would. "Lord Swansea is not a Welshman, but an Englishman residiug in Wales, and one of the best of the strangers who d well within our gates." Mr Wiliiam Davies's knight- hood will give joy," says the same correspondent, "tothousands outside Pembrokeshire." The Cymro speaks also of the services which Sir William has done to the Liberal cause in Pembrokeshire, and proceeds, It will be seen that the Press has been specially favoured this time and thousands of Welshmen will feel glad of the honour paid to Mr Russell, the able editor of the Liverpool Daily Post. Eynon," in the Celt, says that "the Press received much attention from the Prime Minister when it rained titles lately. Some fine day a slice will fall to the lot of the CeU." Welsh M.P.'s and their Denominations. A little breeze has arisen among the Calvimstic Methodists which seems not unlikely to develop into a storm. At the Liverpool Cymanfa Dr. Cynddylan Jones made caustic remarks, ex- plicitly saying that young men belonging to the Corph" when once they had succeeded in entering Parliament, perhaps by riding on the Corph," were too ready afterwards to forget their dutIes to their denomination. These re- marks were elicited by the resignation by Mr Herbert Lewis of the office of treasurer to one of the Methodist funds. The Welsh papers teem with letters defending the Welsh members from this charge, and Mr T. E. Ellis has written an eloquent apologia, or rather defence, of his colleagues. This is printed in the Goltuad, the Cymro, the Saner, a«3 other papers. Mr Ellis writes "My colleagues fmd I most deeply resent the attack as directed against our most valued and hard-working colleague, Mr Herbert Lewis. For honesty of purpose, for disinterested service to Wales, for unswerving loyalty to Methodism, Dr Cynddylan Jones is not fib to be mentioned in the same breath with Mr Herbert Liwis. If, as one apologist averp, the attack made upon Mr Herbert Lewis was really meant for some of us who are his colleagues, th^n I do not hesitate to say that such a method of criticism and admonition is craven and unworthy of the General Assembly. It has been left to the General Assembly of our own connexion to listen to and receive attacks levelled against us with an approval which has, not unnaturally, surprised and pained us." The Celt, in its leading notes, says that the remarks made at the assembly are calculated to pain every patriot. It is time to ask whether it is of more importance for a man to serve his denomination than to serve his country ? Dr. C. Jones well deserves the severe chastisement given him by Me Ellis." The Women's Liberal Federation and Wales. This is the subject which has the place of honour in the Baner this week. Two Welsh questions received prominence in the meetings- local option for Wales and Disestablishment. The Baner says:—"There is no need for us to notice here the enthusiastic and able addresses which were delivered by the Welsh delegates, as they are reported fully in our columns. Mrs T. J. Hughes (Bridgend), Miss Jenkins (Llan- gadock), Mrs Williams-Idris, Miss Bowen Rowlands, Miss Ada Thomas, Mrs D. A. Thomas, and Mrs Evans, of Llanelly, and others, spoke with singular ability. They swept every- thing before them, and they carried the judg- ment, the feeling, and the will of the meeting along with them." The London correspondent of the same paper speaks also of the eloquent addresses of Miss Gee and of the Countess of Carlisle in the same cause. He winds up thus :— Fair play to the ladies. If the Welsh party in Parliament possessed such courage as was shown by the ladies, Disestablishment would have been obtained ere this." The Monthly Magazines for June. Cyfaill yr Aeltoyd retains its high excellence as a monthly magazine probably from a literary point of view it is inferior to none but Cymru among our monthly periodicals. Morno Lewys leads off with one of his strikingly able transla- tions from Homer; Cadrawd follows with a continuation of his contributions on the literature of the century; Elfed continues his- transla- tions from Emile Souvestre and from Schiller's Willielm Tell;" while there is a posthumous paper by Kilsby, in which he demonstrates the advantages to a Welshman of learning English. These advantages he classifies under three head- ings—commercial or financial, educational and literary. Kilsby, despite his attachment to Wales, seems to regard with equanimity what he imagined was the approaching extinction of the Welsh language. It would die> ttafr in the*" course "Of nature «nd it would be useless, he says, to contend against what i$inevitable- He justifies bis arguments by exit"iies and,. astos if-Lewis Tjoydi the father of Lord overstone, would have accumulated a. thousandth part of his fabulous wealth had he been ignorant of the English language ? Kilsby'a paper was obviously, judging from internal evidence, written about 30 or 40 years ago. Nobody now at any rate denies the desirability of learning English but, at the same time, we believe that the Welshman who, while being skilful in foreign languages, has attained full mastery of his native tongue, will have advan- tages over a monoglot Englishman or a monoglot Welshman, In the Cercldor Mr lumlyn Evans describes skilfully the madrigal form in Cerddor y Cymry Alaw Ddu dwells on musical festivals. Cymro Llwyd has some interesting Reminicences in the Cyhhgravm the Rev. Henry Hughes, Bryncir, writes his "John Penry in the Llusern, and the Gvnnllan haa a portrait of the bard and preacher, Cadvan.

They were walking about the Grand Court of Honour at the World's Fair (says a Yankee paper) gazing at the collossal female figure of the Genius of the Republic, when the bride, with the peach-blow cheeks, appealed to the happy hus- band George, dear," whispered the shrinking creature, why does she hold up her hands ?" George thought a moment. She is not a native, darling," he replied, soulfully^; "and Chicago compels all visitors to do that." If I might venture," said the guest, in a low tone, as the dignified waiter assisted him in the matter of putting on his overcoat, to give you a tip "—" Yes, sir," said the waiter, relaxing considerably. I should advise you to try earnestly to break yourself of the habit of finger- ing your moustache in a severe, abstracted manner while you are taking a dinner order. My hat, please. Thanks."

Parliamentary History of Cardiganshire. lHY W. R. WILLIAMS, SOLICITOR, NKW SERIES OF SHORT TALES. 1715.—Lewis Pryse, of Gogerddan, again re- turned, but expelled March, 1716. 1717, January.—Owen Brigstocke, vice Lewis Pryse, expelled the House. He was a member of the Middle Temple, and sat for the borough of Cardigan, March, 1712-13, and for the county, January, 1717.21. His son, William Owen Brig- stocke, was seated at Blaenpant, and was grand- father of the present Wm. Owen Brigstocke, J.P.,D.L.,of Parkygorse, Carmarthenshire. 1722.—Francis Cornwallis, of Abermarles, who sat for the county, 1722.7, and for the borough, 1727, till his death, which resulted from a fall from his horse in Abermarles Park the following year. He was the son of Sir Francis Cornwallis, Knt., who acquired Abermarles from the Johnes through his marriage with Elizabeth, only daughter of Sir Henry Johnes, Bart., of Aber- marles, and belonged to a younger branch of the ancient Suffolk family of Cornwallis, who were descended from Thomas Cornwalleys, merchant, a.ad sheriff of London in 1378, whose son was member for Suffolk temp. Richard II.. and whose descendant was created Lord Cornwallis in 1661. The third Baron was First Lord of the Admiralty under William III., while of his grandsons one became Archbishop of Canter- bury and the other was raised to an earldom. The second earl was the celebrated military com- mander in America. during the War of Inde- pendence, and having been created Marquis Cornwallis 1792, was sent as Lord-Lieutenant to Ireland during the rebellion, and died Governor- General of India 1805. The marquisate became extinct on his son's death, 1827, and all the other family honours also expired at the death of the fifth earl in 1852. The family is at present represented by Mr Francis Cornwallis, the mem- ber for Maidstone. 1727.—John (Vaughan) Lord Viscount Lis- burne in the peerage of Ireland. (Thomas Johnes petitioned). His lordship was the eldest son of the member for 1694, whom he succeeded as 2nd Viscount Lisburne, March, 1721, and also as Custos Rotulorum, of Cardigan- shire, and his name appears amongst those who voted for the Hessian troops, 1730, and for the Excise Bill, 1733, which shows that he was a supporter of Sir Robert Walpole's measures. He died January, 1741. It is mentiened as a rather curious circumstance about this nobleman that he claimed a seat in the Irish House of Lords. but was refused admission in consequence of his father having omitted the enrolment of hispatent, according to Act of Parliament, whereupon he presented a petition to the House, stating the reasons of the omission, and praying that his case might be taken into consideration but Parlia- ment being soon after prorogued, no proceedings ensued." 1734,—Walter Lloyd, of Voelallt. This gentle- man, who was a barrister-at-law, was Attorney- General for South Wales, that is for the counties of Cardigan, Carmarthen, and Pembroke, with a salary of £:300 a year, and was appointed a Judge of Equity in Wales, May, 1735, and his name is found in the list of those who voted for the Con- vention, 1739. He married Elisabeth, the dau. and heiress of Daniel Evans, of Peterwell, and of his sons John became member for the county, 1747, and Herbert member for Cardigan, 1761, while one of his daughters one married March, 1735, John Parry, of Carmarthenshire, and took him a fortune of £8,000 (G.M.), and another dau. Annie, married Sir Lucius Christianus Lloyd. third and last Bart, of Maesyfelin (son of Sir Charles Lloyd, first Bart. of Mil- field, by Frances, dau. of Sir Francis Cornwallis of Abermarles, and sister to the mem- ber for 1722. Mr Lloyd was re-elected, June, 1741, beating Thomas Powell, of Nanteos, but the latter petitioned, and in February, 1742, the House decidedttfclt Mr PoweUWMdtdy tbeelected member and amended the return accordingly. Mr Walter Lloyd died 1747. 1741.—Thomas Powell, of Nanteos, who, as just stated, was unsuccessful at the general election of 1741, but was seated on petition, February, 1742. This member was the first of the family to sit in Parliament, and his family formed a branch of the line ot Edwin ap Grond, Lord of Tegame, in Flintshire, founder of the thirteenth noble tribe of North Wales, and Powis, who' was a descendent of Howel Dda, the good Kmg of Wales. Sit Thomas Powell, Knt., of Llechwedd Dyrye, attained the honour of being one of his Majesty's judges, being made a Baron of the Court of Exchequer, April, 1687, and a justice of the Court of King's Bench, June, 1688, and of the Court of Common Pleas the following week, and his son William acquired Nanteos by his marriage with Averina, dau. and co-heiress ot Cornelius Ie Brem, a native of Cologne (by Ann, dau. and co-heiress of CoJ. John. Jones, of Nanteos). Thomas Powell, the member,|was his eldest son. He married Mary, da.u. of Sir John Frederich, Knt., M.P., who Was Lord Mayor of I London, 1662, and sister to Jane, Duchess of Athol, and was M.P. Cardigan, 1725-7 and 1729- 30, and fer the couuty 1741-7, and died sud. of an'apoplectic fit in the street Nov., 1752, when his estates devolved upon his only sorrowing brother, the Rev. William Powell, LL.D., whose grand- son, Col. W. E. Powell, became member 1816. 1747. John Lloyd, of Peterwell, eldest son of Walter Lloyd, the member for 1734. He was mad High Sheriff of the county Jan. 1731, and was a. barrister-at-law, and Attorney-General for the counties of Carmarthen, Pembroke, and Cardigan, and was twice married, (1) to a daughter of Sir Isaac Ie' Heup, who brought him a large fortune, and (2) April, 1736, to Miss Savage, "worth £ 15,000" (G.M.) He waa re- elected 1754. but died June, 1755. Mr Lloyd acquired the Maesyfelin estate in 1750 in rather a curious way. Having agreed with his brother- in-law, Sir Lucius Lloyd, of that place, that the survivor should be heir to the other. Sir Lucius died first, in 1750, and accordingly his estate devolved upon Mr Lloyd. This member had for his neighbour Mr Thomas Johnes, of Llanfair, and among their intimate friends were the cele- brated Rt. Hon. Henry Fox. M.P., afterwards Lord Holland, the Rt. Hon. Sir Chas. Hanbury Williams, K.B., M.P., and the Rt. Hon. Richard Rjby, M.P., many years Paymaster-General, who were often their guests, and whose extreme partiality for the card table resulted eventually in the two Welshmen being considerable losers, but both retrieved their fortunes by marrying heiresses. 1755. December. —Hon. Wilvnot Vaughan, of Crosswood, vice John Lloyd, deceased eldest son of Wilmot, third Viscount Lisburne, born 1728, married (1) July, 1754, Elizabeth, only daughter of Joseph Gascoyne Nightingale, of Marnhead, Devon she died the following May, and he married (2) April, 1763, Dorothy, eldest daughter of John Shafto, M.P., of Whitworth, Durham succeeded his fathei as fourth Viscount "Liaburne m the Irish 1766, and the same year ;Mih)3ricf«et the v ^est^ee of, his maternal unole, Thomas Watson, of Berwick he eucceetfed his father as Lord-Lieut, and Cos. Bet. ofithe Owmtyj Oateber, .1762;-¡tI. w- few many years a member of the Government, being secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, April, 1761 a Lord Commissioner of the Board of Trade and Foreign Plantations (salary par annum), December, 1768-70; and a Lord of the Admiralty, February, 1770, to March, 1782 bis steady services to his party being rewarded July, 1776, when he was created Earl of Lis- burne in the peerage of Ireland. His lordship was M.P. for Cardiganshire from 1755 to 1761, and again 1768- being re-elected in March, 1768, January, 1769 (on accepting office), March, 1770 (for the same reason), 1774. 1780, 1784, and 1790, and died at his seat at Mamhead, Devon, which he had greatly improved and beautified, January, 1800, while in its obituary the Gentle- man's Magazine" for that date thus says of him:—" It is no flattery to his memory to say that his understanding was superior to most, equal to the best. His classical attainments were extensive, possessing all the elegance without the pedantry of the professed scholar, and his judgment penetrating, discriminating, and accurate. Blessed with a disposition, amiable, benevolent, charitable, and sincere, he dis- charged the several relations of life with tender- ness, affection, and faithfulness. Beloved by his neighbourhood, and united to his family by the closest endearments, his death is most severely lamented." (To be oontinued.)

Cucumbers have a temperature than that of the air surrounding them.

FARM AND GARDEN. Providing Food for Stock. With such a poor outlook for fodder, it will be well to prepare to raise, if possible, catch crops. Now that the rain appears to have come, various quick-growing plants may be got in. For in- stance, Italian rye-grass will yield enormous crops of fodder. It thrives well under the shadow of a cereal growth, and at harvest is left in posses- sion of the ground for feeding off, and cleared away iu time for crops of turnips. It may be sown alone this month upon clean and well-worked land for giving a heavy cutting in July or August. The quantity of seed required per acre is four bushels, either put in by hand or barrow, on a smooth surface, and afterwards well rolled it may also be sown at the rate of three bushels per acre with 3 lbs. of thousand-headed kale in May, and a heavy crop may be (-xpict.ed in September. This grass gives extraordinary results when irrigated under a course of sewage. Tares is a quick growing crop, sown at inter- vals, to give a succession of valuable food. Thousand-headed kale wilt thrive on all deep soils that are in good heart, and gives abund- ance of green food at a season when it is scarce. 6 lbs. of seed per should be drilled in rows 30 in. apart, or it can be sown broadcast, 4 lbs. per acre, with three bushels of Italian rye-grass. Early Drumhead cabbage, planted out from the March-sown seed-bed, will be ready for consumption about the end of Septembe.r Eufield Market and Imperial drilled in rows two feet apart in May, at the rate of 41bs. per acre, should give-a useful crop iu September. Cabbages fed off with sheep in June will shoot out again anil give a valuable autumn food. Rape can be recommended for all classes of land except for poor thin soils and burning gravels. If sown alone the quantity of seed required is 61bs, per acre, in rows 2ft. apart, or mixed with early turnips, is very valuable for early autumn feeding, and fattens sheep quickly. Mustard is a quick-growing green crop, and exceedingly useful for sheep- keep in time3 of scarcity, or when turnips have failed. Buckwheat is ft profitable crop on poor and thin soils as horse and cattle food, broadcast at the rate of two or three bushels per acre, and cut before it comes into flower. -Farwz,. Field and Fireside. Feeding Poultry. Considerable difference should be made in the feeding of poultry according to their breed. The Brahma?, Cochins, and their crosses are quiet, lazy sorts, and conse quently fatten more easily than such as are fond of roving about, such as Leghorns, Hamburghs, game, etc. Little Indian meal should be given to the former, except in the coldest weather. In spring and autumn we give them all they are inclined to eat during the day of a pudding made of one-third Indian meal and two-thirds wheat-bran, with a, sprinkle of whole oats, late in tbeafternoon, on the ground, just before going to roost. In summer we make the pudding only one-fourth Indian meal asd three-fourths wheat bran. In this about half agillof pure strong brine is mixed to each, gallon. A little wood ashes or charcoal dust may'be mixed with the pudding occasionally. Tphetirds ought to have a grass plot to rnn on. • Ifthis cannot be had, they should have some boiled vegetables or raw cabbage leaves. In summeir-<4P»ss can can be cut and put in their yard. Lettuce and spinach are excellent when no other green feed is to be had. For the more active breeds of fowls we give a greater proportion of Indian meal in their pudding. If this can be mixed with skim-milk it will be all the better for the production of eggs. Whole wheat ie also a fine egg-producer. VegetableGarden. The kitchen garden is often in a bad condition in dry times, and I am afraid many vegetable gardens are in a bad way through the drought. Hope springs eternal in the human breast, and the kitchen gardener, whose hands are tied for want of manure and the labour to apply it) hopes on that the rain may come and give sucoulency to his cabbages and lettuces, and cause the seeds to germinate. The chief. lesson to be learnt from the present state of things is to manure more lioerally and dig deeper. It is not of much use to plant the large marrow pea after the middle of June. Second earlies and the very early crop may follow on till the first week in July, after which we must trust to second crops of blossoms on older plants which sometiiiie,4 throw a good crop. I never rmernher to have seen early peas so dwarf as this season. Very few can water sufficiently, but mulch along the sides of the rows will be very valuable, lomatoes will not bear much neglect in trimming and stopping young growth. If left long in a crowded condition disease steps in and attacks the foliage. It is doubtful if any useful remedy for the destruction of the cladisporum has yet been discovered, therefore it will be better to keep the plants healthy by maintaining a buoyant atmosphere it need not necessarily be always dry if not stuffy. It is possible to keep tomato-houses too dry, especially in weather like the present, and then the blossoms will fail to set for want of nourishment. Brussels sprouts for first crop should be got out early and kept moving by watering and boeing. Horn carrots may be sown any time till middle of July to supply young roots. The same may be said of parsley if there is likely to be any soarcity. I do not remember to have seen kitcbeu garden crops so unsatis- factory as they are in some gardens this year. The Weather and the Crops. Owing to the forcing character of the season we are quite a fortnight nearer than usual to harvest, with a consequent and corresponding reduction in the chances of change from present promise. It is, therefore, unusually important to note that in England wheat, barley, and oats all threaten to be a deficient yield. In Scotland oats are often good, and wheat, though not of full promise, is distinctly better than in South Britain. Grain crops in Ireland generally promise quite up to the mean of production. The markets for home- grown wheat have been very dull, 32 out of 60 exchanges of the" first-class showing 6d to Is de. cline since June came in, and the demand being by no means active evep at that reduction. The price of foreign "wheat has declined 6d per quarter on the week. The spring fcorn trade of the week shows that out of 30 exchanges of the first class 12'have been dearer for barley, 19 for oats, 15 for pulse, and 10 for maize While I has been cheaper for barley. 5 for oattl, 4 for pulse, and 10 for maiza. Others show no change. Linseed and rape seed are declining.,

THE CYCLIST'S STOOP. One evil tradable to bicycling (etys the Laneet) i# theco»fifmed ''»toop(( Avmch has already de- clared itself in many wheelmen." The dorsal curvative posteriorly—kyphosis proper—which feed^to be'rarein btpwaiHjjider' J4 years of age, is, now that tbe bicyole is so largely used even betore puberty, very frequently met with, particularly among those young bicyclists whose spinal column is developing more rapidly than the ligaments and inuscles, and in whose case, therefore, the equilibrium between those several parts is more or less disturbed. Were it merely an unsightly deformity, the "stoop" in question ought to be combated in every way; but confirmed dorsal curvative pos- teriorly has of its own quite mischievous enough to call for immediate and effective coun- teraction. Exercise of a kind to accustom the spinal column to an actioh directly antagonistic to the inclination forward" of the cyclist's attitude is what is manifestly indicated, and the use of the Indian clubs or similar.means of incur- vating the spine anteriorly, throwing out the chest, and maintaining the head erect should.be. practised with that object.

In a Yankee Polioe-oourt. Judge (severely): Horsewhipping is the only suitable punishment for you ana your kind. The idea of a man of your size beating a poor, weak woman like that! Prisoner: But, your Honour, she keeps irritat- ing and irritating me all the time. Judge: How does she irritate you ? Prisoner: Why, she keeps saying, "Hitme! beat me! I dare you to hit me Just hit me once, and 111 have you hauled up before that bald-headed old reprobate of a judge, and see what he'll do with you. Judge (choking): Discharged!

That was a olever joke Bagley played on the mind-reader." Whatwas. it?" "Submitted •hiroselfas asUbjeot."

Andrew Fletcher, et Saltoun, in a letter ta the Marquis ef Montruse. not :—" I kn»w a very wiss man that believed that if a man were permitted t make ail the ballads he need net care who ■sake the laws ef the nation."

NO MASTER. BY WILLIAM MORRIS. Saith man to man, we've heard and know That we no master need To live upon this earth, our own, In fair and manly deed The grief of slaves long passed away For us hath forged the chain. Till now each worker's patient day Builds up the House of Pain. And we, shall we, too, crouch a.nd quail, Ashamed, afraid of strife And, lest; our lives untimely fail, Embrace the death in life ? Nay, cry aloud and have no fear I We few against the world Awake, arise the hope we hear Against the curse is hurl'd. It grows, it grows, and we the same, The feeble hand, the few ? Or what are these with eyes aflame, And hands to dea and do ? This is the host that hears the word, No Master, High or Low, A lightning flame, a shearing sword, A storm to overthrow. From "Songs of Freedom." Edited by William Sharp. Canterbury Poets. (Walter Scott.)

The Household. .c- Useful things in the Nursery. In the nursery must begin the culture of the mind. Even toys may be made the means of con- veying right ideas of form, a correct notion of and taste for colour, and a knowledge of the elements of all learning. No nursery should be without its box of large carefully-printed letter blocks, with which the elder children will soon teach the last new-comer its. alphabet—indeed, long before one would suppose that it is capable of acquiring it. A box of geometrical bricks of wood will give a child an early notion of forms, such as the j circle, triangle, and square, and the combinations that may be formed by putting together several regular angular figures, such as the two last- named. Good pictures of common objects and incidents in every-dar life should be found on tho nursery walls, and a card exhibiting primary tints and their secondary and tertiary combina- tions and if the last can be procured in the form of a strong and durable puzzle, so much the better. The abacus, or calculating frame, with its coloured beads strung on stout wire, may be called into action to teach even a child of tender years to count, while a slate and a blunt slate- pencil will do no harm, but be useful to call forth the child's power of imitating the shape and form of simple letters and figures. Such, in judicious hands, may be made the means of teaching a yonng child the bare rudiments of knowledge, so that, to use the words of an old grammarian :—" He may be brought past the bitterness of his learning, even before he is conscious that lessons have begun."—Baby. Causes and Cure of Colds. The true cold is caused by the closing of the pores of the skin, by which poisonous matters are retained. There is another variety caused by the derangement of the stomach by th'3 use of improper food and drink. This form affects the throat, nasal passages, the appetite, often giving a headache, the eyes being more or less inflamed. The reiuoval is effected by fasting till the return of a rable appetite; then, when there is soma ajppetite, the simplest food, in moderation, will be safe, the appetite constantly improving. The old idea of feeding a cold is false and very harmful—gluttony always being destructive of good health Hints. WKLSH CAKE.—Talce one cupful of sugar, three eggs, oua tables|»oonfu! of milk. Cream together, and add gradually half it pound of flour, in which tlitre is a little baking posvcU-r. J3.ke in a very quick oven on plates. Then prepare a cream by mixing two ounces of white sugar, one ounC9 of cornflour with one egg. Add these to half a pint of milk nearly boiling. Stir well till thick, and I flavour with orange water. Arrange the cake with layers of cream between. Stick almonds into the top layer. LEMONADE.—The secret of making thoroughly good lemonade is having freshly-boiled water. For a quart of lemonade take the juice of three lemons,' using the rind of one of them. Be care- ful to peel the rind very thin, getting just the yellow outside. Cut this into pieces, and put witktfeguice some powdered sugar, of which use about tAVo ounces to the quart of water. Cover the jng or jar ir- which the lemonade is made, and let tt get;0()l(|, The water must be thoroughly boil- ing when poured on. PRUNE PIE.—Stew half a pound of prunes in a little water till very soft. Remove the stones, PRUNE PIE.—Stew half a pound of prunes in a little water till very soft. Remove the stones, add sugar to taste, and mash until they are all broken. Beat the whites of two egsrs stiff, and add gradually the prune pulp. Line a plate with crust, bake, and when nearly done, fill with the prune, and bake about 15 minutes. BEETROOT TOAST.—Fry or toast seme squares of bread and sprinkle with grated cheese. Cover half the square cornerwise with finely-chopped pickled beetroot, and the other half with finely- chopped hard-boiled eggs. Season with salt and cayenne, and serve either hot or cold. This mnkes a pretty supper dish, and is easy to pre. pare beforehand. GROUND RICE CUP PUDDING.—Mix two ounces of rice very smoothly with a little cold milk. Add half a pint of boiling milk, in which the rind of a lemon has been boiled, a lump of butter the size of an egg, and sugar to taste. Stir the mixture over the fire till it thickens, and when cold add three eggs well beaten. Beat thoroughly for some minutes, then pour into buttered cups or small moulds, and bake in a quick oven. Serve the puddings as soon as they are taken from the oven, first turning them out on a dish. BKKF SOUP.—A plain beef soup is made as follows: Take a 41b soup bone, cut the meat, into small pieces, and crack the bone until it is wholly fractured. Put this into three quarts of cold water, and simmer for four hours. Then take out the bones and meat. It is now ready for the vegetables, which should be evoked by themselves until very tender three potatoes, one large onion, and two tablespoonfuls of rice. Add these to the soup, and boil all together slowiy half an hour. Salt when you add the vegetables.

A ROMANCE OF THE DRAMA. When I was engaged at the Oxford, said Miss Florence St. John, the other day to an interviewer of the Era, I had pawned everything I possessed, and I had to beg for work before I got it. Twelve shillings a. week was toy salary. Mr Jennings, the manager, always said I had 15s. But he is wrong. I was so poor then that 3s a week would have made a difference in my circumstances I am not likely to have forgotten. I could tell you such stories of my experiences in those days that you would not believe me, yet they would be the bitter truth. I ran away from home to get married when I was a mere child. My father, I must tell you, was a Scotchman—my maiden name was Greig—and my mother was a Cornishwoman. They do say in Cornwall that a mixture of Scotch and Cornish is the devil; so what can you expect of me ? My husband sickened of consumption, but I dare not go home—they were so cross with me—and I got an engagement in Wale. I had to sing comic songs, among other things, and I think 1 must have been about as funny as a funeral. But I took the eugagement, knowing my ballad singing would sav6 1 dressed at our lodgings, and came to the hall all ready. One of the comedians had to sing a song with some boot-blacking business introduced, and I lent him one of my walking boots to take on. I was waiting at the wings for my boot, to go home, when a woman who was engaged there came to me—poor sou), I read of her death in the Era the other day—and, seizing me by the wrist, said, "They've taken the money from the pay-box." I said, Who 1 What money ?" and she explained that tho manager had taken away the money, intending to bolt. She said, "Have you the courage to follow him ?" Well, I got my boot, and we went to his 'lodgings. I went in first, and found him looking like a ghost. I bullied and threatened him till he gave me 15s- half my salary—making me promise to say I had not got anything at all out of him. When I got back to my companion I said I had got 5s. She went in and got nothing. That lie was the only mean thing I have ever done. But my husband was dying. How we got to London I don't know. The proprietor of the Oxford heard me sing, and told Jennings, the manager, to a1 ve me an engagement when a vacancy occurred. I waited weeks, till I bad to go to Jennings and tell him it waa a case of work or starvation for us. Then I got the engagement at 12s a week.

A lady had in her employ an excellent girl who had one fault—her face was always grimy. Mrs X., wishing toteH her to wash her face without offending her, at last resorted to strategy. "Do you know, Bridget," she remarked, in a confi- dential manner, that if you wash your face every day in hot soap and water it will make you beautiful ?" Will it" answered the wily Bridget. Sure, it's a wonder ye never tried it, ma'aBa.

ECHOES FROM THE CALENDAR. I JUXE. 18. SUNDAY—3rd Sandfly after Trinity.-Battle of Waterloo, 1815. 19. MONDAY—C. H. Spurgeon born, 1834.-The Ala- bama sunk, 1864. 20. TUESDAY—Queen's Accession, 1837. 21. WEDNESDAY—Longest Day. 22. THURSDAY—Toolev-street Vire, 1861. 23. FRIDAY-Lord Campbell died, 1861.-John Hamp. den died, 1643. 24. SATURDAY—Midsummer Day. The Battle of Waterloo. When William IV. was lying on his deathbed at Windsor, the firing for the anniversary cf Waterloo took place, and on his inquiring and learning the cause, he breathed out faintly, It was a great day for England." We may say it was so in no spirit of vainglorious boasting on account of a well-won victory, but as viewed in the light of a liberation for England, and the civilised world generally, from the dangerous ambition of an unscrupulous and too powerful adversary. The battle of Water- loo was fought on June 18th, 1815, and finally shattered the power of Napoleon. The Prussian defeat at Ligny, and his own unsuccessful engagement at Quatre Bras, on the 16th June, caused Wellington to retire towards Waterloo, whilst Blucher concentrated his troops at Wavre, about ten miles distant. The whole British position formed a sort of curve, the centre of which was nearest to the enemy. The French forces occupied a series of heights opposite, there being a valley of no great depth and from 500 to 800 yards in breadth between them. Each army probably consisted of about 70,000 men. The troops of Napoleon were, for the most part, veterans, while Wellington had an army composed of troops of various nationalities (Belgians, Brunswickers, Hanoverians, Nassauers) that had never fought together, and a great part of his British troops (about 25,000) were raw levies. The object of Napoleon was to defeat the British, or force them to retreat, before the Prussians, who he knew were coming up, could arrive on the field; while that of the Duke of Wellington was to maintain his ground till he could be joined by his allies, when it might be in his power to become the assailant. The French began the battle about noon, and it continued with great fury till the evening, when the appearance on the scene of the Prussians caused Bonaparte to redouble his efforts. His Imperial Guards, which had been kept in reserve, made a tinal attempt. Wellington's line, however, charged them at the point of the bayonet, and the Imperial Guard began a retreat in which they were imitated by the whole French army. The British left the pursuit to the Prussians. The whole French arn.y was dispersed and disabled, and their artillery, baggage, etc., fell into the hands of the conquerors. Their loss in killed, wounded and prisoners amounted to between 40,000 and 50,000. The allied loss amouuted to 23,000 killed and wounded, of who.n over 11,000 were British and Hanoverians, 3,000 Nether- landers, and 7,000 Prussians. The Sinking of the Alabama. To the Federal gunboat Kearsage fell the honour of destroying Captain Semmes' active cruiser, the Alabama. The captain was with his vessel in Cherbourg Harbour, when he learned that the Kearsage was off the port. A challenge given by the Confederate commander was promptly accepted, and the fight was begun by the vessels moving round each other in circles. 1 The Kearsage had ten guns to the eight carried by the Alabama, in addition to which they were heavier, and the 11-inch shell settled the conflict I in about an hour. Whm the Alabama was nearly filled with water, Captcin Semmes hauled down I his flag and was taken on board the. English yacht Deerhound. The vessel sunk twenty minuSes later, nine of her xuen tiaviug been killed and twenty one wonude^, while the Kearsage lost only one man and had two others wounded, The Alabama will be long remembered by England on account of the costly arbitration prising out of the fact of the vesse', which was built for the Confederates, being allowed to escape from the Mersey on July 28th, 1862. In the course of a year and a half 193 merchant ships, valued with their cargoes at more than thirteen millions of dollars, were captured by Confederate cruisers, and all save 17 were burnt. Other losses ultimately increased the claim of the United States to over nine millions sterling, and the arbitrators in Seo- tember, 1872, awarded £ 3,229,166. When the amounts came to be divided it was found that this sum was vastly more than was needed. Indeed, the American Government gained about a million and a quarter sterling by the transac- tion. The Clock of St. Paul's. There is a story very widely diffused in the country to the effect that St. Paul's clock on one occasion struck thirteen at midnight, with the extraordinary result of saving the life of a sentinel accused of sleeping at his post. It is not much less than half a century ago since the story was told in a remote part of Scotland. An obituary notice of John Hatfield, who died at his house in Glasshouse-yard, Aldersgate, on the 18th June, 1770, at the age of 102—which notice appeared in the Public Advertiser a few days afterwards— states that when a soldier in the time of William and Mary, he was tried by court-martial for having fallen asleep when on duty upon the terrace at Windsor. It frots on to state He absolutely denied tho charge against him, and solemnly declared, as a proof of his having been awake at the time, that he heard St. Paul's clock strike thirteen, the truth of which was denied by the court because of the great distance. But while he was under sentence of death an affidavit was made by several per- sons that the clock actually did strike thirteen instead of twelve whereupon he received his Majesty's pardon." It is added that a recital cf these circumstances was engraved on the coffin plate of the old soldier, to satisfy the world of the truth of a story which has been much doubted, though he had often confirmed it to many gentlemen, and a few days before his death told it to several of his acquaintances." John Hgjnpden. This celebrated English patriot, descended from an ancient Buckinghamshire family, was born in London in 1594, his mother being an aunt of Oliver Cromwell. He sat in several Parliaments, and came, into note through resisting Charles tho First's attempt to levy ship money. Referring to the Royal pretence Macaulay says, "The ancient princes of England, as they called on 'the in- habitants of the counties near Scotland to arm and array themselves for the defence of the border, had sometimes called on the maritime counties to furnish ships foi the defence of the coast. In the room of ships money had sometimes been accepted. This old practice it wasdetermined, after a long interval, not only to revive but to extend. Former princes raised ship money only in time of war; it was now exacted in a time of profound peftoa. SUWBMW princes, evon in the most perilous wars, bad raised ship- money only along the coasts it was now exacted from the inland shires.' Former princes had raised ship-money only for the maritime defence of the country it was now exacted, by the admission of the Royalists themselves, with the object, not of maintaining a navy, but of furnishing the king with supplies which might be increased at his discretion to any amount, and expended at his discretion for any purpose." Hampden's resistenc9 brought down upon him I the whole power of the Government. For 12 days the case was argued before the entire bench of bishops in the Exchequer chamber. The decision was given in favour of the Crown by a majority of servile judges; but this only served to stiffen the resistence of the people. Hampden was one of the five members whom Charles in person rashly attempted to seize in the House of Commons, in January, 1642. At the commencement of the civil war he raised v regiment, and became a colonel in the Parlia- mentary army. The energy of Hampden as a member of the Committee of Public feafety, was equalled by his bravery in the field. He passed safely through successive battles at Southam, Aylesbury, Edgehil', and Reading. Prince Rupert having attacked a Parliamentary forco near Thaine, a few cavalry were rallied in haste by Hampden, and in the tight that ensued at Chaigrove Field, he received a wound which proved fatal six days after. John Hampden was twice married, and by his first wife had three sons and six daughters. He has teen happily described as "one of England's noblest worthies, who spoke, acted, fought, aud fell for the liberties of his country."

Welsh Tit-Bits. Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingion. [BY CADRAWD ] Picturesque Llanblethian. (PROM THE PEN OF THE LATE MR D. JONKS, OF WALLING TON, SURREY.] Few little towns are so happily situated as Cowbridge in the number of pleasing walks which the suburbs, if I may so call them, afford. The most favourite arc the numerous routes, fields, and wood that lead to Llanblethian, all of them offering an affluence of Welsh picturesque beauty to the gaze of the admirer of nature. Leaving Cowbridge by the old South Porch, we will go down the Mill-road, and fcy the mill notice the pretty winding- appearance of the pond, where the clear sparkling waters of the Thaw are first held in their brief course and made to contribute to the service of man. In the summer, if the day is clear and tine, we may, by looking over the pond wall, see some of the delicious trout for which the river is famed, «ufining themselves by the bank side with a dignity and composure worthy of their own value and importance. From the "Town Mill" we have a choice of three roads to the village, all of them having some special beauty to recommend them. We may strike into the fields at the back of the mill, and wind our way along the lower part of Llanblethian-hill those who have time, and like climbing, may make a detour and ascand the hill, or (from the mill) we may go straight on up Constitution-hill, and then by the old castle; or, lastly, we may consult ease, and by just avoiding the test (Constitution-hill) would give us, we may take the pleasantest and prettiest walk of the three; the level path through the fields skirting the base of the Castle Hit!, which will bring us out by Llanblethian Mill. Half-way through the fields we notice that the valley is suddenly narrowed to about 200 or 300 yards across, t. j side hills at the same time increasing in height and steepness, the western side especially, exposing a bold, rough, rqpky, and weather-beaten point, forming the most romantic scene in the whole lengthof the Valley of the Thaw. The steep surfaceof the hill is used as a sheep common, and within the enclosed grounds at the top are the rude ruins of an old castle, supposed to be British, and from thence and the rocky points of the hill a magnificent view of hill and vale is obtained. On the summit of the lesser bill on the eastern side of the vaHey-that is just above us—stands all that remains of the castle limit by Robert St. Quentin, one of the twelve Norman knights who accompanied Fitzhamon in the expedition which ended in the conquest of Glamorgan. It has this special interest attached to it, that of being one of the Norman castles-the date of whose build- iug (1094-) is recorded. St. Quentin left no male issue. His heiress marred a De Clare, and in that family the castle remained until the marriage (the last descendant in the main line) with Richard, Duke of Gloucester, better known :.s Richard III. Her marriage is reported to have been unhappy. Tradition ascribes the building of the church tower and the south aisle of Cow- bridge Church to this lady's piety; and the castle gateway, so imposing in appearance, was built during her occupancy, or tenure, under superintendence of the notorious Tyr- rell, a knight of her husband's. At ber death it passed from the Duke's possession to another branch of the Ciare family, and of its subsequent history little or nothing is known, save that it was bombarded and dismantled during the Civil War" Cromwell himself com- manding. Some say that for a short time he remained in the neighbourhood his quarters were at the farm, a thatched house by the river side down in the village. People also say that he caused one of his soldiers to be hanged on a tree lacing his head quarters for stealing a fowl from a cottager, but as the anccdote is given ef him in other places in the country (St. JDonat's being one), the authenticity of it :nay be doubted in this I particular instance. One little localism must not be forgotten. While speaking of the old castle, the long narrow meadow in the valley between the hill and the castle is known as the Bowman's Mead," doubtless from it having been archers' ground to many generations in the bygon a ages. Not far off is a spring known as the Boumin, or, more properly, the Bowmen's Well. Descending the steep hi!! from the castle to the village, the first object to attract attention is the long narrow old bridge of four arches crossing the Thaw. That and the pretty bit of scenery around it have tempted many an artist to add a sketch of it to his portfolio. Here we must note a little bit of superstition connected with the bridge. It used to be the Custom among the Welsh for all funerals to proceed along the oldest known road to the place of burial. Old as the bridge appears, it has not been so long built but that 50 years ngo the oldest known road WAS through the shal- low water just in front of it; pro- bably there were stepping stones there origin a ly. The Welsh not oaly love to carry their dead to where their kindred he, but all the neighbours and friends of the deceased 'assist' at the funera', singing- hymns if the distance be short, all the way, and, if long, through all the villages they pass. The funeral processsions are usually large, and those of one or two old families from the Aberthin end of the parish, up to within the last 40 years invariably avoided the bridge, and waded through the ford below it. The reason for this observance I have never heard explained. (D. J.'s Unpublished MSS ) To be continued. The Book of Baglan. [NOTE.—We are not surprised that the interest taken by our readers m this book is increasing. We are pleased to find that so many make it a point to file each week's issue, while others paste the pedigrees, as they appear, in scrap books. We wish to caution them to either date each instalment or to place them in a book, each week to follow the other, and not to get mixed up.] C Continued from, last tceeh ) This is also the pedigree of the right wor. Ladie Johan Price, wife to the said Sir John Price, of Hereford, knight, and how she is paternallie descended of Gwaithvoed, Lo. of Cardigan, Gwent, and Gwinfay. Gwaithvoed was sone and heir to Clcadien ab Gwereder, Hir, one of the Lords of Powis. GWAITHVOED AND CREDIG. This Cloddien ma. with Morvith the da. and sole heir of Odwyn ab Teithwalch, lord of Car- digan, a man liniallie descended from Credig, the soneof KingeCynhedda Wledig. By this Credig the country was first cailed Credigion, in the Brittishe tongue, HI English Cardigan. This Cloddien and Morvith had issue Gwaithvoed, one of the lords of Powis, with the right of his father, and by the mother, lo. of Cardigan and Gwynfay. YNTR. KING OF GWENT. This Gwaithoo d ma. to Morvith, da. and one of the heiresses of Ynyr Gwent, King of Gwent they had iasae at followith: Oydivot ab Gwaithvoed, lo. of Cardigan Gwrystan, one of the lords of Powis Cydrych, lo. of Gwynfay Aeddian, lo. of Grassinont; Gwyo, lQ. of Gwyn Baych, lo. of Skenfrith Cynam, lo. of Tegengil; Edynowen, Bishop of Llanbadarne Vawre. To be continued.

MRS VAN NEKRING (hirinar her firiit house- maid) And you are sure you are fully conver- sant with the duties of a housemaid, and will not need any instructions ?" MAltY ANN (reassuringly): That's all right, me leddy; no one shall ever know but what you've been used to a housemaid all yer life."

GOSSIPS' CORNER. -+- The Princess of Wales and her daughters arc excellent butter-makers. Sir Eveiyn Wood has two sons who are stant attendants on the Queen as pages. God, embankments, and canals," is, according to a Gallic observer, the motto of the British in Egypt. Dean Bradley has consented to find a space in Westminster Abbey for a memorial of Jenny Lind. Mr A. J. Balfour owns a large tract of land in New Zealand. He !s disposing of it to small holders. "Cynonfardd" and his family have arrived safely at New York. They were passengers by the Campania. The Beaufort Club, which owed so much, figuratively speaking, to the duke of that name, is to be revived. Stonewall Jackson's old chaplain, the Rev. J. William Jones, has been elected chaplain of the University of Virginia. The Q according to present arrangements, is expected to arrive at Windsor Castle about the 21st inst. from Balmoral. Miss Braddon writes all her novels on het knees and in a totally different hand from thai which she ordinarily employs. Mr Champion calls John Bums an extinot volcano. What figure of speech, we wonder, will describe a Tory-Socialist like Mr Champion t It is computed that there are in the Metro- polis some 50,000 families in such a miserable plight that each family has only one room to live in. Rndyard Kipling was once offered £3,000 if be would consent to go round America, reading bit own stories, but he was too bashful to strike out in this line. Mr Barton is Attorney-General for New South Wales, and after a study of Mr Gladstone's Home Rule Bill he has declared it to be "a most equit- able plan." Mr Burne Jones, A.R.A., whose exhibits at the Champs de Mars Salon excited so much attention has been elected a member of the French National Society of Fine Arts. During the files for the Episcopal Jubilee of the Pope, Leo XIII. has thus far received thirty-seven thousand three hundred and thirty- four pilgrims, in 34 audiences. The easy classes," remarks the Bishop of London, are living in far more oostly comfort than was the case fifty years ago. What wot luxuries then are now regarded as necessaries." During the hot summer evenings Miss Elton Terry's dresser waits outside the wings with < glass of iced water, into which the actress dip. the tips of her fingers during the periodical exits. Mrs Nancy Cesby, aged 85 years, of Geneva, Georgia, is the mother of 11 children. Her de- scendants number 65 grandchildren, 171 great grandchildren, and 18 great-great grandchildren. Dean Vaughan and Principal Viriamu Jpnea were among the guests of the Treasurer (Mr Justice Wills) and the Benchers at the Middle Temple on Thursday, Grand Day of Trinity term. The Rev. Killin Robert", of All Saints, Margaret-street, has been appointed Welsh tutor to the Earl and Countess of Powis, and the three sons of the Marquis of Bute during their stay in town for the season. Councillor Richard Morris, who threatend to A run aerainst Mabon as a Unionist, has been to Ulster. "I have little or no opinion of Roman Catholics," he told a friend after he returned, but I have less of Orangemen." Daan Vaughan preached at the Temple Church on Sunday. The occasion being Hospital Sunday, Dr. Vaughan preached an appropriate sermon from the text, "I will give thanks unto Thee, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made." Though the Princess of Wales is a Dane by birth and her father is King of Denmark, she spent the whole of her early life in Germany, be* father only taking his place as heir to the Danish throne a few years before her marriage. Mrs Agues Marshall, the famous teacher of cookery, is a handsome woman, with aristocratic features, lovely eyes, and a graceful figure. She -3 has tilso a charming taste in dress, while her a luxuriant dark hair is always arranged to per- 1 fec.tion. ^3 Apropos of the Liberator inquiry, it is not | fec.tion. ^3 Apropos of the Liberator inquiry, it is not | generally known that the ex-solicitor Wright IS '< the first convict to have benefited by the recent order of the Home Secretary that convict wit- nesses shall be allowed to appear tn court in their ordinary clothes. An interesting fuet with regard to the popu- larity of football ij^is mentioned incidenta lly by he Archbishop of Canterbury in his plea for the Additional ^urates' Fund. The annual expendi* j ture upon the game aftiounted, his Grace said, to £1,000,000. The custom of lifting the hat had its origin when knights never appeared in public except in full armour, but upon entering an assembly i of friends the knight removed his helmet, the 1 act signifying, I am safe in the presence of I my friends." Dr. Clinton Cavendish, an English physician, 4 has just made an exhaustive tour of Mexico. He penetrated into desolate regions but little kuowa 5 to civilisation, and to little villages of Indiana among the mountains. He was unarmed, and A was never molested. J Great efforts ate being made to fourtd a | thoroughly efficient school of engineering at Cam- 1 Great efforts ate being made to found a | thoroughly efficient school of engineering at Cam- 1 bridge University, where a new tripos, via., the mechanical science tripos, has recently been g founded, with a view to giving a suitable honour degree to men intending to become engineers. 'SMI The will of Mr Frederick Hayes Whympw, Chief Inspector of Factories, Home Office, late i of 47, Marina, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, who died on February 24th, was proved on April 27th by Mm Annie Sophia Whymper. the widow, one of the executors, the value of the personal eetat\1 1 amounting to £12,581. | For Princess May's, wedding dress and those o| the bridesmaids the materials are to be exclusively f English, and even the trimmings are seleototf with a view to benefiting British trade as muoh as possible. The looms at Spitalfie:ds are busily t employed on silks and brocades for the trousseau, *| Mr Asquith asked the London coroners for n. return of all deaths from starvation and priva* tion during 1892. The coroner for North-EMt c London has informed him that five such deathe ji have occurred. Three of the cases Were females and two males, and the ages ranged from 42 tn 81 years. The literary works of the late Rev. Johl Thomas, D.D., Liverpool, are to be published in a serial form. The first volume, which is pro*. mised before the close of the present year, will bt> 4 "Arthur Llwyd y Feh'n (Arthur Lloyd of tbe J Mill). The series will include the doctor's auto* :*| biography. J "It is restraint," says Raskin, which it honourable to man, not his liberty and, what is more, it is restraint which is honourable, even in the lower animals. A butterfly is more free than a bee, but you honour the bee more just because it is subject to certain laws whidlt it it ft* orderly functions in bee society. w Jfl The Czar of Russia desires to establish a .3 peasant proprietotdhlp, and sets about the tatk in 9 a fashion worthy of an autocrat. It is announced j that a law will be promulgated very shortly pro- Xm hibiting the transfer of land in the possession of M rural communities or individual peasants to pel" sons not belonging to the rural population. J

A SATURDAY SERMON. J Our fathers were perfectly happy under the old economy of supply and demand, of buying | in the cheapest and selling in the deareefe i market, The system seemed to them natural j and inevitable. Many of them came to think J of it as a system which acoompanied the Deon- 1 logue, and which shared its sanctity and per- j manence. But that idea has beon dissipated. We have seen a loftier vision of man and life. It is 3 now clear to all of us that a law of supply and; demand whose operations surfeit one man and J starve another is not a divine law, not even ] decently competent man-mode device. To boy cheap and sell dear is now seen to be a practice which may involve a double robbery and the* J manipulation of wealth which makes a com para- tively small harvest more remunerative than an overflowing autumn. while thousands of men find it hard to get enough to eat, is seen to be M elaborate, even if unconscious, system of triakcqf whereby God's earth is made a charnel-house for j many of God's children. Our vision has been etf larged; we have seen life, in its divine idea, as inberitanoe of peaoe, plenty, progress for all wb* i breathe. CKASLCS Â. Fuir.