The Cardiff Times

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WELSH GLEANINGS. I By Lloffwr. I Measures in the next Parliamentary Session. The Welsh papers vary considerably in their opinions as to what measures are likely to be brought forward by the Government in the next fsession. Next to Eome Rule, the majority of the Welsh newspapers wish to see Diseetablish- toent brought forward; but prominence to land reform is given in the Celt, the Werin, the Genedl, and the Baner. The Saner this week says Much ingenuity has been shown in iUme quarters to ascertain what measures will be mentioned in the Queen's Speech. Of course, Home Rule for Ireland will obtain the first place. And some say that our great measure in Wales will come second but this is emphatically denied by others, though all now admit that it will be introduced as soon as the way will be ,clear. It is very probable, too, that some im- provement in the Election Laws will be brought forward also, and that a further extension of the Franchise will be made." The Rev Edward Matthews. Quite an avalanche of sorrows has fallen on the Calvinistic Methodist body within the last few months. A quartette of its most distinguished members has rapidly followed one another to the grave. A little over a year ago the denomination was mourning af the death of the Rev D. Charles Davies, LA., Principal of Trefecca College and then at short intervals after Dr Owen Thomas, Liverpool, and Dr Saunders, Swansea. No sooner had it begun to wipe its tears over Dr Saunders than it is called upon to shed tears anew over the grave of the Rev Edward Matthews, one of the greatest preachers which the Calvimstic body have ever been blessed with. The death of this man naturally occupies a pro- minent place in the Welsh Press for this week, and notices appear in the Tyst, the Celt, the Soleuad, Seren Cgmru, Tarian y Gweithiwr, the ,&aner, the Genedl Gymreig, the Herald Cymraeg. Qwalia, the Llan, the Cymro, &c. Some of the papers went to press immediately after Mr Matthews' death, and their notices are conse- quently None of the accounts expand into that plethoric fulness with which the details of the life and death of Dr Saunders were described and in very many cases only a few facts with the Usual truisms and insipidities "on the death of a prince in I srael" are given. The Tyst has a brief sympathetic notice, and prays that God will fill the pulpits of Wales with platform princes like to the fathers which have been lately taken from us." The official organ of the Calvinistic Methodists, the Goleuad, is in deep mourning, but after giving a few lines, promises "to refer again more fully to his history and his public life." Gwalia says :—" It is needless to remark that Mr Matthews for the last half-century has filled one of the most prominent positions in the pulpits of the Welsh Methodists, and we fear that his loss leaves a gap which cannot be filled for many years." Reforming the Eisteddfod. The contributions on this subject in the Genedl, this week being the fourth sitting of the Con- ference, continue to be of an interesting charac- ter and if there be safety in the multitude of ooonsellorc," then the Eisteddfod ought to be safe enough, for a greater variety of opinion on any subject is rarely met with than in these sittings of the Witan in the columns of the Genedl. The speakers this week are Mr T. H. Thomas, Cardiff; Iolo Caernarfon," Mr D. W. Lewis, Brynamman, and the Rev Abel J. Parry, who represent respectively the artists, the poets, the musicians, and the preachers of Wales. Mr T. H. Thomas believes that what the Eisteddfod requires is not no much reform" as develop- ment" At present it suffers from what artists know as "irregular development," some parts- } her lips and her jaw—are too highly developed, while the brain is not sufficiently developed. The Gorsedd proceedings should have more dignity and stateliness, and ought to be made a s, greater attraction as a spectacular display. Special dresses (for the officiating bards and druids), banners, and badges of office ought to be obtained, but historical associations should be carefully observed and not violated in this pageantry. The Gorsedd sword should be one that had been brandished by some great Welsh patriot; if such cannot bo obtained, then let us have one specially manufactured in Wales," one which would remind us of the glories of Arthur's Excalibur, of which the dying Arthur sang— And, wheresoever I am sung or told In aftertiiae, this also shall be known." Mr Thomas' remarks are decidedly fresh and novel, and are to be continued in a subsequent issue. lolo CaernarfoL pleads for free metre, and recommends that the chair and crown should be alternated between the Awdl and the Pryddest. He objects to the proposal that chaired bards should be excluded from competing for subsequent chairs, as "no young bard would attach any merit to a chair or crown unless he won it in open competition." Mr D. W. Lewis pleads on behalf of Welsh musicians for more glowing and melodious poetry from the barcls, instead of the consonantal, unpronounceable, and illiterative jumble we too often get, and which is toostitt and inflexible to be set to music. The Rev. A. J. Parry takes exception to what the Rev D. Adams, B.A., had asserted in a previous issue, that "Wales had not been blessed with poets whose compositions will bear a favourable comparison with those of Shakespeare or Milton, Dantn or Goetbe." Mr Parry does not explicitly deny this, but lie thinks Welshmen are too ready to under- estimate Hiraethog, and that an effort ought to be made to popularise him. "Every time I read a portion of Hiraethog's Emmanuel, says Mr Parry, "I ask myself in what respept is Hiraethog iflferior to Milton or Dante

NO HAIR NEEDED. "Now, gentlemen," began the fakir, as he arranged half a hundred bottles on a temporary table at the street corner. "I am here to sell the original and only Patagonian Hair Renewar. It has been in use for thirty-two years, and has been tried by millions of people, and I have never heard of an instance where it failed to act as warranted. If it fails to produce a growth of new hair on the .head within six weeks, I agree to forfeit $500. I ;havê deposited the money in the Second National Bank, and shall be here about three months. Who buys the first bottle Look a-here, mister said a 13 p)rf iran as he pressed forward, wasn'jbyqu dp(yv £ ,,to. ^kinnera- ville last spring V' SkwnersvilIe, I believe I was." "Wasn't you selling this same stuff down there Stuff! I was selling my Patagonian Hair Renewer, sir Waal, I want you to look at my head," con- tinued the old chap, as he uncovered a poll as smooth and shiny as a dinner plate. I bought a bottle of that stuff—" 8 "Stuff! Do you mean my hair restorer ?" Exactly. You warranted it to force a growth of new hair inside of six weeks. I used it. Wliar's the growth ? Whar's the new hair ?" My fripnd," sxid the fakir, as he grew very soleinii, de you recall the words blown into the glass ?" "No, I don't remember." Then let me jog your recollection. It says on every bottle Not warranted in the case of an old bald-headed coon looking for a third wife. Now, then, you were looking, wern't you Ya-,is, I was lookin', and I got her, too, and you kin go to pot with your old whitewash." My friend, I And I got a IGO-acre farm with her, and she's expectin' a. thousand dollars back pension, and if I was sixty-five years yonuger I'd lick you outer Jer bntes for a deceiver My friend, 1- "Growth of new hair be durned shouted the old man, as he backed off. Didn't need no new lia'r, nor any ha'r at all. She'd bin; lovin' me for twenty year?-, and jumped at the Chance to hev ine. Go to hallybaek with yer old Pattygoniari dishwater, and don't never speak to me agin

THE CONSOLATIONS OF MATRIMO.YY. —She I I suppose you would have been happier if you had -not married me!-He Yes, darling, but I wouldn't have known it.

A DRUIDIC WELSH UNIVERSITY IN AMERICA. Complete List of Welsh Graduates. [FROM A COBKESPONOKNT.] In view of the wide-spread interest which is felt in Wales on the question of the proposed Welsh University, a few words regarding another university which, it has transpired, is of Welsh origin, and a large proportion of whose graduates are resident in Wales, will no doubt be of interest to our readers. It has hitherto been understood among historians that the earliest ideas of a university originated at Bologna, where a uni- versity of students was formed in the course of the twelfth century. Then there followed in rapid succession the foundation of the Universities of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge. This view, which has lNen accepted without hesitation by historians like Hallam, was enunciated by Mr Gladstone in his recent address at Oxford. But it now appears that Hallam, Mr Gladstone, and historians generally arN grossly mis- taken, and that somewhere across the Atlantic there oIXists a university which traces its origin from remote, antiquity, and comparad with which the Universities of Bologna, Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge are of quite modern growth. By the side of the gdones cf this Transatlantic University the hifctierto respected Universities of Oxford and Cambridge pale into utter insignificance. This university is, W-. are uroud to say, in reality a Welsh institu- tion • and its charter has, as will be seen later on, be«n derived from the Druids ot Wales. It was in fact, transferred to American soil only aboat fifteen years ago, but already it possesses such a host of distinguished graduates from all parts of the world as is not surpassed by any other university. Wales especially, it is gratifying to find, is exceptionally well represented on the list, and the Welsh residents far outnumber all other graduates put together, excepting those of America, it«elf Students and public men have resorted from Wales to this renowned seat of learning for degrees with an eagerness vyhich may astonish those who do not know the love of knowledge and of titles among the Welsh people, andwmch augurs well for the success of the future Welsh University. We have just mentioned this University as a seat of learning. This is slightly inaccurate, for residence is not required in this University and though it has a name,;) we are not sure if it has a local habitation. The names of the graduates, numbering con- siderably over one thousand, now lie before us in the official report up to December 21st, 1891; and from them we have culled tho names of the graduates whose residence is given as Wales. If we have inadvertently omitted any wo apologise for the unintentional injury done them. But here is a fairly eompleta list, arranged in alDhabetical order:- Name and.degree. Address. 230-Ap Myvyr, Lit.D. "v 'd, Lit. 868—Da vies, David, Lit.M. » 707—Davies, David Lewis, A.M 227—Davies, Evan, D.C.L. a 977—Davies, George Daniel, Ph.D. w'it- 871—Davies, Harriet, Mus.B., Lit.B Walts 230—Davies, John, ^Davies, Jolni, Lit.M J QOA—Davies, John, Ph.D ,7r! 853—Davies, John Hopkin, M.D., Phar.D Wales 1013—Davies, John Llojd 893—Davies, Joshua, Ij D vv 942-Davies, 960—Kdwai'ds, Hy. (M-D' >Val% 984-Evans, Abel, M. D Wales 696—Evans, Alcvyvn Caryni, Ll.D ^Vales 706—Evans, Daniel, A.M. 229—Evans, David, Mus.M ^ales 876—Evans, David 870—Evans, David, Lit.M 859_Evans, Eliza.. w 1 966—Evans, Gwilym, Phar.D w" 1 822—Evans, Levris, Phar.D w 1 s 993—Evans, Mary QA7_Evans, B. Davies, M.D., Lit.D 957-Evans, Thomas ^„ales 959 Evans, Thomas w J 843—Griffiths, David, A.A ,^a!es 345_Gwilym-Brydydh Hir, A.M., Lit.D Waks 703—Howard, Anne • • ^ales 906— Howard. Elizabeth • • • • }Xa. Q99—Howard, Willi am wales 852-Jamra, Emily, MUS.B J »I«s C20—Jenkins, Eliza v„afs 8X9—JeaMna, Griff. Mortis — Wales 796—Jenkins, O wvndaa, Lit.B »>.ales 907—Jenkins, Jticharil, U- :D a^es 821—Jenkins, Simon • • • ■ Wales 716—Jones, Alice, Mus.B Wales 705—Jones, Anne „ra, 3 69J—Jones, Anne, Mus. B ™a}es 721—Jones, Eben „,a1 s 911—Jones, Ellis ^a{es 928—Jones, John, A.M. wa!fs 891—Jones, John, A.M., Ph.D 841—Jones, John, A.A. ,a, 95ft—Jones, John Daniel, Lit. D ^\aJes 077—Jones, John Griffith, A. A. «.a}es 446—Jones, Owen JXaJes A93 JOIK-S, Simon Griffith, A.M — Wales 908—Jones, Thomas Evan, A.M .^aJes 911—Jones, William, Lit. B — 940—Llewellyn, Thomas. ^a|es 173—Morgan, David, A.M 939-Morgan, Margaret. Wales 232—Morgan, Owen, Lit. D ^ales oy? Morit'Ti, Lit. D waies 252—Morien Vardh, Lit. I) Sra!es? 705 Morris, Griff. Montague, A.M 924—Morris, John, LL.D. wa)fS 097 Mvvvr, Morganwg, D.C.L. alss ogg Owen, JJaniel, Lit. O ^Yra\es QTQ Owen David, A.A \\&Ies 040—Owen, Owen Stanley, A.M Wales <tf)WPeregrine, Benj. )^Ta;es o(V)_—peregrine, Davi Shon, Lit. A Whales Qnl peregrine, John Wales 717-powell, Joshua, Lit.D,, M.D. Wales Q7-, Price >Vm., Lit.D., M.D AVales SOl—Tfiomas! Maggie, Mus.A. Wales cij»_Thomas, Margaret, Lit.M V, ales 823—Thomas, Mary Margaret, Lit.B H a es 712—Thomas, Rachel Anne A. 4. ales 910_Thomas, Thomas, Lit. A w^ios vvilkiii^ Charles, Lit.D Wales fog—Williams, Aneurin Goronwy, Mus.A Wales yi5_Wiliiains: Evan, Phar.D Wa es 69/-Williams John, Med A tta es 912—Williams, J ohn, Lit.M. 933—Williams, Lewis, ^t-D- • • • • ■■ • k «4_Williams, Morgan Cadwalader Gower, AM Pli.M Wales 072 Wiliiams, Mjvanwy Gwen, A.A. Waies Wi—Williams, Wm., Lit.D 7m—Williams, Win. D., Lit.D. ttales AM Ph.M. Wales 072 Wiliiams, Mjvanwy Gwen, A.A. Waies Wi—Williams, Wm., Lit.D 7m—Williams, Win. D., Lit.D. ttales Such a. formidable array of talent would do honour to any country, not to speak of gallant l.Hle Wales. What a splendid variety of retul- ff-nt talent What fertile parts What over- whelming qualifications m every conceivable branch of knowledge—in science, 111 art, in litera- flirp in philosophy, in metaphysics, in music, in enro'erv, in medicine, in pharmacy, and in what PiaVendon calls that great and admirable •nv^terv, the law!" Many of these luminaries h.,vo been close neighbours of ours, and yet, shame it is to tell, we knew them not. But we ar_ n ,V, the first who have been in blissful ignorance of tho proximity af celestial persons. As wo con- L]T1,>late this brilliant list of distinguished elsh- 1 our bosom heaves with patriotic pride. Let m fe 0ver the list again. Under the three- ISS Section oJ "O™, Morgan" (232), •'Morien "(232), Morien Yardh (232), thrice ri,<Mipd Lit.D." we cannot fail to recog- nisc Aloriell, the Arch-druid cf the Isle of Britain. I" Eos Rhondda, Mus.M., we L-nnw th*. prince of Welsh "pennilhon singers. H fancy \w have heard, too, of No. 900 011 the i;f__j>wi Shon Peregrine. A.A. In Methodist Circles in Wales who is better known than No. 711 (the R v David Rees, of Bronant, Oardigau- tt;r-l\ universally known for the last half SnUii-v i"' Cardiganshire as Dr Rees ? AMiouffb thus acknowledged as "doctor by the toxpopulir^^y Vlad", w.the -doctor- ,,rond of savins J, academic reward was tardy; and th Lit.D." only arrived last year, when Dr Rees and the Druidic Umversity were mnniallv honoured by the graceful compliment 1 tr a oreat Welsh preacher and original Fhinker DKI we kn:Av that Mr Gwilym Evans » Quim»e Bitters/' ^«H?f>nd chairman \-f the Carmarthenshire County Council) acknowledges the honour conferred by the Druidic University, wo would cmwrratulate lnni on hw Phar.D." Aarrtriv'<■ -Bitt"T)0»fthly Mt IrWilyWE^fiis is un- oware f thi> honour bestowed on him. F-»r be it wa that this University is so liberal that it J>nnf*rs depress, often a cotr.bination f degrees, on S^ons wh > have not sought them; and we w .uH C\ hp. surprised if many who are on the above bst are -)are C\ hp. surprised if many who are on the above bst are now ignorant that their names grace the calendar (a modest one, in paper .covers) of this Unowned and far-famed university. Many, on tho other hand, rejoice-why should they not in their honours, and display their parchments, embellished with elegant and handsome frames, in the most conspicuous position m their d well- in to tho. delight of their friends and admirers. One of the manifold advantages of this wonder- f.,l university is its marvellous cheapness. In some cases-especially when the names of the S«S are calculated, to adorn the cal- '„r],L.r "—the degrees are given gratuitously—car- riage paid, we believe. In other cases some charge is made, but the fees are never extortion- ate and seldom extravagant It is said that 'I n a "Lit.D. once profferred half-a-crown Tir his parchment, tho astonished Doctor in letters received change 1" If the pro- nosed Welsh University will as is to be feared, n0w the example of the English Universities in demanding heavy fees, the young aspirant for a-Vmic fam howeva indigent he may be, can consob himself with the knowledge that beyond the Atlantic there is a happy land whero his exertions will be rewarded, magnanimously and unreservedly, Hot with a paltnr B.A. degree but, if he so desires, with a combination of Lit.D., D G L A.M.. and any othsr degrees. O'H- 'readers are all this while impatiently burning with desire to know where is this raunifi- Cviit Univftreity'! We answer, m Putfalo, N.Y. As w w write there lies before us Tlw seventh a-i'in-d announcement of tho Druidic Banchoreion of the ta.t, of New York (Incorporated), Alfcan ^rtha. or the Winter Solstice, December 21, 1891," with the Druidic symbol placed in a p- minent place. Though the University diltes its origin from remote antiquity, its history proper, since its transplantation to American soil, has been a brief one. Thus the aforesaid An- nouncement saith: "The regular Druidic move- ment in America, with its true and lineal succes- sion of Uvates, bards, and Druids from the remote centuries and epochs, was commenced at th" time of the Autumnal Equinox, 1374, by the bards of Tir larll, in whose hands the Supreme Gorsedd of the Isle of Britain was still surviving, while the Gorsedd of Tirlarll itself was domiciled with the cathedra or chair of Glamorgan. At the Winter Solstice, 1876, the bards of Tir larll and of the Islo of Britain were presented with a petition from the American Druids to grant them permission to modify their business in such a manner as to be in harmony with the n'lw situation sf the organisation. A charter was issued granting their request. On the strength of this charter, a committee was appointed to frame the laws of the University." Thus the University of Buffalo, N.Y., explicitly claims to hold its charter from thu Welsh bards. What strikes us as singularly remarkable is that the body which has delegated to another ths riht of granting degrees should refrain from arrogating to itself the same privilege. This rare modesty and wonderful self-denial effec- tually prove how unfounded was the saying of Dr Emrys-Jones, 0f Manchester, about the presumption and arroganco .if the Welsh bards." Another striking fact is th-* readiness with which Welshmen, who coul obtain degrees from their own fountain-head at their own Gorsedd, sc,k them frun a. second-hand source, from the Druidic Banchoreion of Buffalo, N.Y. But distance lends enchantment to tho vbw. Welshmen will be astounded to hoar that the University of Oxford was fouuded by a Welsh- man, and that at least three hundred years before tho acknowledged authorities speak if the organ- isation of Aat University. Historians maintain that the. lefend which attributes the foundation of the. University of Oxford to Alfred the Great is supported by documents now known to be forged or interpolated. But will historians hav the hardihood to try and controvert the Buffalo Druids, and to mai 11 tai n th at th e f ol lowi ng statement (from the aforesaid "Announcement") is a fabrica- tion ? The Oxford degrees are recognised by Druids with great respect, seeing that they have descended directly down from a Druidic sourcs, that bemg its first organizer, Asser Manavynsis, who acted under the fcatronago of Alfred the Great." Oxonians who have taken their M.A. degree will be delighted to learn that if they only apply to the Druidic Banchoreion of Buffalo, N.Y., they will forthwith obtain tho tifcl of Lit.D. at a nominal charge. Thd" Announce- ment declares that the Oxford Master in Arts is equivalent to tho Druidic Lit.D., or Doctor in Letters." We understand that the official representative of the Druidic University in Wales dwells in a remote village in Cardiganshire, and all particulars can be obtained from this geiiSle- man. The Druidic Banchoreion has during its brief, though chequered career, been much ridiculed and persecuted in America but in ifivinz; this information we are far from wishing to deride this distinguished body, but rather hope to further its usefulness. It is o ly in this hope that we dare to interfere with thb affairs of Druids, especially as the following dire warning meets us on th. first page of the aforesaid Announcement — It is to ;,e distinctly understood that out- siders, and especially those who have ni business with the Druidical bodies, are stiictly forbidden to intermeddle in their affairs and members aro hereby notified not to bandy about th* cause of Druidism before ths profane."

OUR LATEST BATTLESHIP. The Army and Navy Gazette gives the following description 44 the latest new battleship whose construction is provided for in the new building programme. The Renown, for the new ship takes the honoured name which was originally held both by the Victoria and by the Eiipres-, of India, is to have a displacement exactly midway between. those of the Royal Sovereign and the Centurion classes, or a trifle under 12,500 tons. Like the Cen- turion, the Renown will be wood-sheathed, and like her also th-3 estimated speed will be 18 knots an hour; but here also it has been pos- sible to reap the benefit of the trials with new ships, and we may expect many improvements in machinery and boilers. Her draught of water will not be so great as to pre- vent her going through the Suez Canal at need, which is a grea6t advantage in British vessels. The bunko.- capacity of the Renown should exceed that of the Centurion, and will probably more nearly approximate to that of the Royal Sovereign, which will give her a very wide radius of action. In the matter of armament, most naval men will see a great ad- vance, for, combined with a principal battery exactly like that of the Centurion, four 10-inch 29-ton guns, there is to be a secondary battery exceeding in strength that of the Royal Sovereign, ten 6-inch 100-pounder quick firers, and a large number of similar pieces of lesser calibre. The greater relative power and prominence thus given to the quick-firing armament is very significant. The four big guns will be in two barbettes with revolving shields, and the system of mounting themwillfee idafrtidal with that in the Centurion and the Barfleur, Messrs Whitworth being the makers. Notably they will be capable of being loaded in what- ever position the turntable may be placed. All the operations, moreover, can be per- formed by hand. The protection of the guns in tir secondary battery is another example of the progressive tendency which has been so markedly shown in the Construction Department of late years. This is a point upon which a radical distinction exists between the arrange- ments favoured by the French and English authorities. The Captain Prat may be taken as an exemplification of the French system her 12 c.m. quick firers are mounted in separate revolving turrets, and it is obvious that a very slight injury to the machinery would render the guns hors-de-combat. On the other hand, the six-inch quick-firers of the Royal Sovereign are placed in thich casements, which, coupled with shields forming part of the gun carriage, afford the necessary protection. Not only does this plan entirely isolate the crew of each gun, but as the training and sighting operations are limited to the piece, the gnu can be more rapidly laid for an object. Combined, too, with other arrangements impossible in a revolving turret, it enables means to be taken for the protection of the ammunition hoists and the rapid supply of ammu- nition, which is admittedly an essential feature of any adequate system. In the Renown the protection cf tho secondary battery by this method will be carried to an extent net to be found in any other ship building or projected. Finally, we come to the defence of the hull: and here th-re aro indications of changes in the character and distribution of the armour so novel that we venture to predict that they will attract considerable atfention, and possibly some criti- cism. So far tho work has not- progressed sum- ciently for to judge of th0 new methods except by inference. There are signs, however, that the protected area will be largely increased, and that th- methods to be adopted in the new design arc basod upon the greatly extended use of quick-firing guns of large calibr- and the necessity for keeping out common shell and high explosives. So also in the under-water protection, sub-division of the hull is foreshadowed :as much beyond those of the .ships of a few years ago as they were in advance of the very first ironclads. Such are the distinctive features of the newe3t first-class battleship in th s world.

BOOKING CLERK How old are you, my little girl ? LITTLE GRRL (more than seven) I'm not going to teU you my age. Do you think I want to travel half price ?

The Republican Liver. I will turn my iron mines into a hospital for liver complaint," says Mr Edison. "They are great for liver complaint. No matter how my miners suffer from other diseases, their livers go right on. They may havo consumption, bilious colic, inflammatory rheumatism, spinal menin- gitis, worms, pneumonia, old-monia, neuralgia, old-ralgia, Asiatic cholera, or grip, but their livers are all right. One day a miner died, but his liver went on as if nothing had happened. We had to take it out of the corpse and kill it with a club." The liver of the Republican party is equally active, but there is no corpse. If there were a corpse the liver would bring it back to life. It will go right on with its little business, and four years hemtse the possessor of it will be as rotund, rubicund, and rosy as if he had never had a disease, an accideut, cr a reverse in the whole period of his existence, -Judge.

Parliamentary History of Carmarthenshire. LEY W. R. WILLIAMS, SOLICITOR, TALYBONT.] 1790. Hon. George Talbot Rice, of Dynevor Castle, eldest son of the above Right Hon. George Rice (see 1754), born October, 1765, was returned for the county at the age of 24 at the first General Election that occurred after he came of age; but in less than three years he was called to the Upper House as third Lord Dynevor on the death of his mother, the Baroness Dynevor, March, 1793. His lordship, who married, October, 1794, the Hon. Frances Townshend, daughter of Thomas, first Viscount Sydney, assumed the name of Cardonnel by Royal licence in April, 1793 (his maternal grandmother having been Mary, daughter and heiress of Adam de Cardonnel), but resumed his paternal of Rice by another Royal \icence, February, 1817. Lord Dynevor held the appointments of Lord- Lieutenaut and Custos Rctulorum (appointed 1804) and colonel of the militia of his native county for many years, and was one of the vice- presidents of the Royal Cambrian Institution. Hs died at the age of 86, in April, 1852, his life being almost contemporary with that of the great Duke of Wellington, who died a few months afterwards. 1793, April.—James Hammett Harnlyn, of Eawmsford, vice Hon. G. T. Rice, became Lord Dynevor. This member was the son and heir of Richard Hairimett, of Kennerland, Clovelly, Devon, and assumed tlw additional surname and arms of Hamlyn on inheriting the estates of his great uncle Zachary Hamlyn, of Clovelly Court, Devon. He became connected with this county through his marriage with Arabella, only daughter and heiress of the above-mentioned Thos. Williams, of Edwins- ford, and niece of Sir Nicholas Williams, Bart., M.P. (see date 1722), and having thus acquired the Edwinsford estates, he became possessed accordingly of that family's interest-sufficient to return him Knight of the Shire 1793, and again 1796. He was created a baronet Juno, 1795, and died 1811. 1802.—James Hamlyn Williams, of Edwins- ford, eldest son of the preceding member, married (July, 1789) Diana Anne, daughter of Abraham Whitaker, of Stratford, Essex, and in 1798 assumed the additional surname of Williams, his mother's name. He served as High Sheriff of the county 1811, and during that year succeeded his father as second baronet, and died December, 1829. This election of 1802 stands out prominently among its fellows for the reason that it was sharply contested, tho polling being very nearly equal—Mr Hamlyn Williams. 1,253; W. Paxton, 1,195; or a majority of 58 only. The baronetcy became extinct on the death of the third baronet (see post. 1831), whose second daughter took the Edwinsford estate to her husband, Sir James Walker- Drummond, Bart., of Hawthornden, Mid Lothian, and their eldest son, Sir James Hamlyn Williams Williams-Drummoad is the present owner of Edwinsford. His brother (Hugh Henry John Fortescu? Williams-Drummond), born in 1859, unsuccessfully contested West Carmarthen- shire in 1890. 1806. Sir William Paxton, Knight, of Middle- ton Hall.—This gentleman was the son of John Paxtcn, of London, was born 1744, and married Anne, daughter of Thomas Dawney.of Aylesbury. Having settled in the county, he served as High Sheriff 1790, and, coming forward for the county in 1802, very nearly carried the day, being merely defeated by 58 votes. The following year he was, however, returned at a bye-election for the borough of Carmarthen and sat till the general election of 1806, when he was returned for the county without opposition. He received the honour of knighthood March, 1803, and died 1824. 1807. Lord Robert Seymour, of Taliaris.—This nobleman does not appear to have had any family connections with the county, and it is difficult to account for his being its member during three Parliaments. He was the third son of Francis, 1st Earl of Hertford, who was further- more created Marquis of Hertford June, 1793; was born December, 1748 married (1) June, 1773, Anne, daughter of Peter Delme, of Cams Hall (she died 1804); and (2) May, 1806, the Hon. Anderlechtia Clarissa Chetwynd, daughter of William, 4th Viscount Chetwynd. He entered Parliament in 1771 as the Hon. Robert Seymour Conway, and sat for his father's pocket borough of Orford (Surrey) 1771-84, and for Wootton Bassett (Wilts), 1784-90. Having about this time (in conjunction with his brothers, of whom two or three were also in Parliament) dropped the name of Conway, he became entitled by courtesy to be described as Lord Robert Seymour on his father being created a Marquis, 1793, and he was again returned fcr Orford (oeiug described as Lord Robert Seymour, commonly called Conway"). July, 1794, and sat till 1807, when, being returned both for Orford and Car- marthenshire, he made his election to represent the latter—the more important constituency—for which he continued to sit till 1820, when advanc- ing years caused him to retire into private life, having served his country 44 years in Parliament. Lord Robert Seymour, who was for very many years Jeint Clerk of the Crown, in the King's Bench in Ireland, died at the age of 82 in November, 1831. His only son, Henry Seymour, was Serjeant.at-Arms to the House of Commons, and died 1843. The Seymours, it is needless to mention, are one of the historic families of Eng- land, of which the Duke of Somerset is the present head, and were originally of Norman descent, the name being originally St. Maur, from the name of their abode in Normandy. Of this family were Thomas Lord Seymour, Lord High Admiral of England, who married Queen Catherine Parr, relict of Henry VIII., and who was beheaded for high treason 1549. His sister, Jane Seymour, was the third wife of Henry VIII., and his illustrious brother Edward was created Duke of Somerset by Edward VI. and appointed Pro- tector and Governor of the King and his realms, with an income of eight thousand marks," and, after wielding regal power for over two years, was, by the machinations of bis rival the Earl of Warwick (afterwards the powerful Duke of Northumberland, who in a few years shared a similar fate) brought to the block and beheaded 1552. Since that period different members of this noble family have time after time been raised to the Peerage by different successive patents, and have held some of the highest appointments in the land. Taliaris is now the seat of Mr Herbert Peel. 'I

Men Buying Safety Pins. i i Well, I never This exclamation fell from the lips of a young and inexperienced salesgirl in a large dry goods store. The cause had been the approach of a tall, well-dressed gentleman, who, in a low tone of voice and with a perceptible blush, ø.ke4 for a box of safety -pins. "To think," continued the gul, "that a woman would be mean enough to send her bus- band. to buy safety pins for the baby." Baby ? Nonsense cried an older girl at the same counter. You're green enough to make a, salad of. Why, that man bought those safetv uins for his own use. Men use them in many ways. First they put one through the top of their trousers and catch the band of their flannels to hold them up snugly, sometimes one on each side. Then men with sloping shoulders put safety pins through their suspenders so as to bold them from slipping off. o. Other men, who do a great deal of writing, use a small safety pin to hold the cuffs of their shirt-sleeves from falling over their hands. They simply make a tuck above the elbow and set the safety there. Some men, too, use safety pins to hold their socks up. My mother keeps a boarding-house, and there j isn't a. man among the boarders who doesn't have safety pins lying about his room. If a button comes off and he's in a hurry, a safety pin holds things together for the time being. If that man had been married and buying for the baby he wouldn't have blushed he would have been used to women; but he's an old bachelor, and that's the reason he got red in the face." I

A SEANCE SPOILED.—A young man visited a German beer garden with the object of his affec- tions. Being carried away by his emotions, and as they were sitting in a secluded part of the garden, the fond lover held up two fingers a,, if taking an oath, and, in a low voice which trem- bled with pathos, said :—Dearest, I swear by all that is holy to love thee with an undying ■" hring you them two schooners in a minute, said the waiter, who supposed the two lifted|fingers were for him. HIS INTERPRETATION. — Johnny Mamma thinks I should live among deaf people.—Papa Is that so ?—Johnny Yes. She thinks I should be seeD, not heard.

FARM AND GARDEN. Fruit Culture and Allotments. Decidedly one of the most encouraging signs of the timos, says the Gardener's Chronicle, IS th tendency everywhere observable, where circum- stances permit; to diffuse a knowledge of the first principles in agriculture and horticulture. In other cases it is impossible to do otherwise for the present than rush at once into practical details, in spite of the fact that they would ultimately be much more fruitful if based upon previous knowledge of principles. Bnt we must take things as we find them, and make the best of the opportunities which present them- selves at the moment. And so we cannot but ( rejoice at the continued progress of sound prac- tical teaching in our villages through the agency of the County Council lecturers. It is, in a measure, the realisation of hopes, and a step to- ward the fulfilment of what has been advocated in these columns for years past. Intimately connected with the subject of tech- nical education is the question of allotments for the rural population. It would be of no use teaching a man how a fruit tree grows, and how it should be treated to produce the best results, If he is to be deprived of all means of carrying into practice what he has been taught. We want to make a man a contented and a competent citizen. To do this, we must give those who cannot help themselves every available help in feeding both mind and body, so as to enable them to work to their own advantage and the benefit of the community. To this end we clothe and educate and watch over the interests of our children. To this end should those who have the power aid in the development of the labourer, and the promotion of the welfare of the country, One means of effecting these objects is doubtless supplied by the granting of allotments to com- petent men under equitable conditions. The Weather and the Crops. The imperial average tor English wheat for November was only 27s lOd, being 10'i lower than last year and 2*3 lower than any previous November within the century, and, if possible, an even more depressing circumstance is to be found in the fact that whereas November often shows a recovery from October's excessive cheapness, the month which closed on Wednesday has reduced October's low average by 8d on the tare. Novem- ber, 1891, was 2s lid dearer than October. November, 1890, Is 4d better than the preceding month. Even that year of marked depression, 1889. showed 5d recovery, and in the big crop year of 1887 there was Is 5d ad- vance. The intervening year, 1888, quoted 3J advance, but prices in October were already 2s 4d better from the preceding year. The decline on foreign wheat compared with last year was from 8s 6d to 14s, while it ranged from 6s to lis from ten years ago. The spring corn and feeding stuff trade shows 9d decline in linseed cotton seed is well held. Azoff barley has picked up 3d per quarter on the week as at 3s lOd per cental, its November price, it WAS 9d per cental cheaper than maize. The price of Swedish oats, after declining 6d per quarter early in the week, has regained steadiness. Maize hiis been cheap"r a.t 15 markets out of 24, the reactionary exchanges including Mark-Ian Manchester, Birmingham, Hull, Liverpool, Belfast, and Dublin. At Bristol, Wakefield, and Plymouth, full prices have been maintained.—Hark-lane E;rpress. Fruit Garden. On heavy soils the ground works in a very pasty manner, and in planting fruit trees it will be better to raise the soil a little higher round the stems, and leave the treading j <ii some of the water lias drained out of the soil, and when this has been done the loose soil on the surface can be raked away. The trees will take no harm if this is not done till February or later. The loose soil on the top will act as a mulch. Grapes still hanging on the vines will require daily watching to cut away bad berries, as when decay sets in it soon spreads. Ripe grapes will keep as well or better in a room with an even temperature of 45 degs. or 50 degs. than on the vines. The grapes must hang clear of everything; the piece of wd attached to the bunch is usually placed in a bottle of water, though the grapes will keep very well if the end of ths stem id thrust into a good sized beetroot or mangold. Strawberries in pots must be secured in the same way, either by stacking them against a flue or wall, where mats -an, be thrown over them in very severe weather, or the pots may be plunged in ashes or leaves. The strawberries are hardy enough the plunging or covering is more especially inten led to keep the pots from being broken by frost. A little frost does 110 harm it is the long continued frost and its drying effccts upon unplunged plaiits which often do injury to the roots. Outdoor Garden. For herbaceous borders, oth those which have been recently replanted and also the borders which it is net intended to disturb, old leaf- mould and charred refuse may in many cases take the place of manure. Fuchsias, especially the greenhouse varieties, which wero planted out in the border, will be quite safe if the crowns are covered three inches or five inches deep with ashes. Labels bave a habit of wearing- cut and disappearing. Once a year, at any rate, the labels should be renewed. The position of choice bulbs should be distinctly marked in some way, and in no instance should the soil surrounding them be disturbed at this season. Wait till the growth is above ground before forking or digging borders. Those borders which have been cleared for the purpose of re- planting will be manured and trenched, and thrown up roughly till February. In the mean- time the plants taken out will be laid in till the border is in a suitable condition for replanting. The best season for planting roses will soon be over, and the work should be pushed forward as fast as possible. It is perfectly true that roses will be planted in open weather till next March but this does not alter the fact that tho autumn is the best time to plant. Window Gardening. Primulas and cyclamens are bright and pretty in the window now, and Roman hyacinths which were potted early are now in bloom. Mignonette also sown in August are throwing up flowers freely. Pelargonium cuttings that were struck last August should now bo placed in 3-inch pots to be shifted later on into those 5 inches in diameter, in which they may bloom this coming season. Bulbs, such as hyacinths, tulips, &e. that have been placed in a dark closet to make roots, may, as soon as the rooting process is carried out, be gradually inured to the light. Bulbs may be-potted r blooming. Vegetable Garden. vpill be in active operationinall gardens where a succession of such produce is kept up. In quite small gardens something may be done the mere placing of a forkful of long manure over a stool of rhubarb will bring it on in advance of the uncovered steol, and every degree of extra heat which can be infused into this covering will still further hasten the produce. But forcing rhubarb or Seakale on the ground is a rather expensive pro- cess in the matter of manure, though in country placcs where loaves are plentiful, thtse with a little warm stable-manure to bold the l-.avos to- gether will answer admirably. The mild weather has hitherto been in favour of the supply of salads. Good lettuces and endive may still be cut from the open ground, thus keeping those in frames in reserv. The framed plants will not require much water if kept too wet the leaves will damp, rr be attacked with mildew. Broccoli and greens, where planted in newly-dug land, will DJ making uior^ growth than is good for them, and as regards late broc- coli, if not heeled over, no time should be lost in doing this, as in the event af a severe frost whilst the plants are so full of sap the chances arc, they will suffer severoly. -Gardening.

LEGAL LOBE.—John Jones recently passed his examination and is now a member of the New York bar. His strong card is in getting the truth out of witnesses. The following is a sample of his system of cross-examination •— Are you a married man ?"—" No sjr. j ar„ „ bachelor. Will you please tell this court and jury how long you have been a bachelor and what were the cireumstanoes that induced vou to become one

Andrew Fletcher, of Saltenn, in a- letter t. the Marquis ef Montrose, wrote :—" I know a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to all the ballads he need not cars who shculi make the laws of the nation."

KiND WORDS. Kind words can never die, 'tis true, They fall and soften as the dew They cheer, revive, and beautify— Kind words are things that never die. When all around is cold and dull, And sorrow tills the heart quite full, Kind words will rend those waves apart, And find an entrance to the heart. Kind words are like the distant chime, They sweep along the sands of Time Those sounds will reach from shore to shore When lips that spoke them are no more. Kind words are cheap—yet very dear, They smite the rock, and draw the tear, Which bursts into a mighty flood, And does mankind a power of good. Like little seeds, kind words are sown, Their places to the world unknown But in the season they will spring, And fruit into perfection bring. Kind words the feeble one will cheer, Say to the brave one persevere From them the faint take heart again, And set to work with might and main. Speak kindly, 'tis the gentle word That like a sharp, two-edged sword 'Twill but require one gentle touch, I Or it might wound the part too much. Kind words, when dropt in memory's grave, Will bloom upon the roaming wave, And make the hero of the main, Think that he is home again. Kind words are sweet on every tongue, And pleasant from both old and young; Like sweet perfume they fill the air, And scatter blessings everywhere. Though tossed about like thistle down, They settle in a place unknown, And in some unexpected spot They spring a sweet Forget-me-not. Kind words are like a magie spell, Whenever tried they answer well; Though at a very trifling cost. Kind words are never, never lost. Kind words the spirit will revive, And keep the spark of life alive, Fed by the flame or love divine, As lights in this dark world they shine. Kind words, when soft and sweetly said, Ait comforts on a dying bed o thit their number might increase, And make this world of war at peace. Miss GARSIDE.

TEARS. There be three hundred different ways and more Of speaking, but of weeping only ona And that one way, the wide world o'er and o'er, Is known by tho' it is taucht by none. No man is master of this ancient lore, And no man pupil. Every simpleton Can weep as well as any sage. The man Does it no better than the infant can. The first thing all men learn is how to speak, Yet understand they not each other's speech, Bnt tears are neither Latin, nor yet Greek, Nor prose, nor verse. The language that tfcev teach Is universal. Cleopatra's cheek They decked with pearls no richer than from each Of earth's innumerable mourners fall Unstudied, yet correctly classical. Tears are the oldest and the commonest Of all things upon earth and yet how new Th, tale each time told by them How unbiassed Were life's bard way without their heavenly dew Joy borrows them from grief Faith trembles lest She lose them even Hope he-rself smiles thro' The rainbow they make round her as they fat!: And Death, that cannot weep, sets weeping all. ROBERT, EMu, OF LYTTO.

The Household. Treatment of a Common Cold. In the current number of the Geninrn there is an article on the above subject by Dr Thelwall Thomas, F.R.C.S., of the Liverpool University College, In which he says Should anyone ex. psrience "cold shivers," alternating with sensa- tions of increased heat or feverishness, the nostrils feeling hot and dry during breathing, with re- peated attacks of sneezing, he may rightly assume that he is the victim of a bad cold in the head or catarrh, the simple treatment for winch consists of retiring into the seclusion of his own bedroom, well warmed by a good fire, wrapping a small woolleu shawl around the head, getting into a bed and having an extra blanket on, and well warmed by a hot-water bottle, and taking a good dose of something hot." It matters little what this" something" consists of, be it alcoholic or non-alcohohc; scientific as a doctor's prescription, or empiric as the domestic hot buttermilk and treacle of the Welsh farmhouse, they are all almost equally efficacious. The room should be kept well warmed throughout the night; net a mere handful of fire placed in the grate, and then left to its own services, which generally means a cold room before the sufferer has been in it an hour. If the above simple measures are carried out, the cold" generally disappears during the night in a profuse sweat, and the patient awakes in the morning another man." If, however, the coDditicn gets worse, and other symptoms set in, the case is no longer one for domestic treatment: send for a doctor. Attention to the following details will prevent many colds in this variable climate, composed as it is of samples of all sorts of weather :-(1) Wear woollen garments next to skin these do not allow the bodily heat to run rapidly down in cold weather, wool being a bad couductor of heat. (2) Avoid draughts by cold air. (3) Never rest in wet clothes. (4) On leaving crowded warm rooms for the open air, breathe through the nuse; keep the mouth closed. The expression, Shut your mouth is founded on an intimate knowledge of the physiology of respiration. How simple the above! Yet, how often neglected. Hints. To THE NAILS.—Diluted sulphuric acid, 2 drachms tincture of myrrh, 1 drachm spring water, 4 oz. Mix first, cleanse with white soap, and th .n dip the fingers into tht-mixturc. 1 O WHITEN THE: HANDS.—Take a wineHassful of eau de Cologne, and another of lemon-juice then scrape two cakL-s of brown Windsor soap to a powder, and mix well in a bowl. When hard, it will be an excellent soap for whitening the nands. WAXING TICKS.—When feathers through the ticks, empty them from the tick, turn it wrong sidf- out, and lay it on th table. Then with a piece of beeswax, slightly warmed, rub the tick thoroughly, giving the entire surface a slight coat rf the wax. The best way, however, is to secure ticking so firm that yen will not be bothered by the protrusion of feathers. FLOUR should bt. kept in a cool, dry place. If possible, havt. some kind of a close receptacle for it, and do not provid" too large a quantity, as it sometimes spoils when kept too long. To CLEAN STRAW MATTING.—First brush the matting over with a soft brush, to remove all th dust, then strew some dry unsifted Indian meal over it; dip a clean, long-handled mop in a pail I of hot water, wring it again as dry as possible, and rub it well over th matting, doing one breadth at the time, lengthways 9f the straw, and clean water for tach breadth. When the matting is quite dry, sweep the ineal off. MUTTON BEOTH.—Take 31b. of the scrag end of a neck of very fresh mutton, cut it up in s^ver-l pieces, wash them in cold water, and put them in a saucepan with a quart of water; place it on ths fire to boil, skim, and add a. of turnips cut into slices, a little parsley, and a little salt. Let it boil slowly for an hour and a half, skim off the fat from the surfao^, strain through a, fine sipya into a pitcher, and keep for use. IMPROMPTU PUDDING.—Place in a double boiler or saucepan three cupfuls of milk, a lump of butter, and a pinch of salt. While it is heat- inv, beat two eggs light, white and yokes together gradually stir in three level teaspoon- fuls of flour and six of sweet milk. Stir this into the boiling milk and cook until thickened. Serve warm with sweetened cream. A tumbler- ful of quince or apple jelly turned out m the centre of the dish will be found a great improve- ment. WALNUT KKTCHUP.—This recipt is quite 100 years old Take th, walnuts when they aro full grown, before the shell turns hard. Prick them with a pin make a strong pickle of salt and water which will bear an egg pour it boiling on the walnuts, and let them stand for four days. Take them up, wash them in clean water, and dry in a cloth beat them very well in a mortar. To every 1000 walnuts put about a quart of strong, stale beer lot it stand "n the walnuts 10 or lo days, then run it through a cloth, and get all the juice cut of the walnuts. Run again through a flannel bag clear it with white of egg, and put on the fire. Scum it well, and put in black and Jamaica pepper, cloves, nutmegs, mace, and í{ins.r. Let them boil till they taste strongly of the spicks. Run through a sieve, and divide the f-pices equally in the bottles. When the ketchup is Cold, a little sweet oil in each bottle, and cork. Tie a niece of leather ever the corks.

ECHOES FROM THE CALENDAR. DECEMBER. 31. SUNDAY.—Third Sunday in Advent. 12. MONDAY.—Robert Browning died, 1889. 13. TUESDAY.—Lord John Manners born, 1818.— St Lucy, virgin and martyr, 204. 14. WEDNESDAY.—Prince Consort died. 1861. -W, 15. TH 1 P.SDAY.—Washington died. 1799. 16. FRIDAY.—George Whitefield born, 1714 17. SATURDAY.—Gun-cotton invented, 185-Sir Hum- phry Davy born, 1779. Robert Browning. I Robert Browning, poet and dramatist, was born in 1812. at Camberwell, Surrey, and edu- cated at the University of London. His father's family being Dissenters, his mind was trained and his character formed under influences Jess peculiarly English than those to which youths are exposed in the great public schools and Universities. At the age of twenty he went to Italy, and during his residence in that country he diligently studied in mediaeval history, and became acquainted with the life of the people. His first published attempt in poetry was Pauline," a tale in verse, to which was appended" Paracelsus" (1835), a dramatic poem—dramatic in form, at least-in which the principal character is the celebrated empiric aud alchymist of the sixteenth century. This work did not attract general attention but among the discerning few it was welcomed as the production of a truly original mind, rich in performance". In November, 1846, Mr Browning married Miss Elizabeth Barrett, the distinguished poet (who died in 1851), and after his marriage he resided for some years ill Italy, chiefly at Florence, making occasional visits to France and England. In 1849 his collected poems were published in two vols. in London, and reprinted m the United States. But his complete works iill many volumes. The honorary degree of D.C.L. was conferred upon him by the Univer- sity of Oxford in 1882. Th" Browning Society," established in London, held its first meeting Oct. 23, 1881. According to its programme, This Society is founded to gather together some, at least, of the many admirers of Robert Brown- ing, for the study and discussion of his works, and the publication cf papers on them, and extracts from works illustrating them. The Society will also encourage the formation of Browning Reading Clubs, the acting of Brown- ing's dramas by amateur companies, the writing of a Browning Primer, the compilation of a Browning Concordance or Lexicon, and, gener- ally, the extension of the study and influence of the poet." He died on Dec. 12, 1889, and, by universal consent, was honoured by his remains being publicly interred in the Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey. St. Lucy. St Lucy was a martyr of Syracuse, and, sought in marriage by a young nobleman of that city, but she had determined to devote herself to a religious life, and persistently refused the addresses of her suitor, whom she still further exasperated by distributing the whole of her large fortune among the poor. He thereupon accused her to the Governor, Paschasius, of professing Christian doctrines, and the result was liernartyr- dom, under the persecution of the Empeior Djoc-lesian. A curious legend regarding St Lucy is that on her love, complaining to her that her beautiful eyes haunted him day aud night, she cut them out of her head and sent them to n, begging him now to leave her to pursue, unmolested,- her devotional aspirations. It is added that Heaven, to recompense this act of abnegation, restored her eyes, rendering them more beautiful than ever. In allusion to this circumstance, St. Lucy is generally represented as tearing a platter, on which two eyes are laid ad--trerinteTcil)n is freqnently irn^rtored by ijersons labouring under ophthalmic affections. The Council of Trent. This celebrated Council, one of the most im- portant ever summoned by the Roman Catholic Church, was formally opened on the 13th December, 1545, and closed on tha 4th December, 1563. Its sittings extended thus, with various prorogations, over a period of IS years, and through no less than five pontificates, com- mencing with Paul III. and ending with Pius IV. The summoning of a general Council had been ardently desired by the adherents both of the Roman Catholic and the Reformed systems, partly from the desire to have many great and scandalous abuses removed, partly from the hope of effecting a reconciliation L,etw,eii the opposite faiths through mutual con- cessions and an adjustment of the points in dis- pute by the decision of some authoritative assembly. The requisition to convoke such a meeting was first made to Clement VII., and was seconded, with all bis influence, by the Emperor Charles V. but, as is woll known, Popes have ever had the greatest dislike of general councils, regarding them as dangerous impugners of their pretensions. Well knowing the ecelesiastleall abuses that prevailed, and fearful of the conse- quences of inquiry and exposure, Clement, by various devices, continued for the short remainder of his life t. elude compliance with the unpalatable proposition. But his successor, Paul III., found himelf unable, with any appearance of propriety, to postjxine longer a measur so earnestly desired, and he accordingly issued letters of convocation for a. general ecclesiastical council. After much dis- putation. the town of Trent, in the Tyrol, was fixed 011 as the place of meeting of the assembly. But with the preliminary arrangements entered into, the German Protestant subjects cf Charles V. were thoroughly dissatisfied, and the Protestants iinally declined to attend, or in any way recognise the council, which was left to the direction of the Catholics. The decrees of the Council of Trent are generally regarded as one of the principal stsndards and completed digest of the Reman Catholic faith.

FIRST HAYSFrl) Some kind of a patent churn he's showin' off, I reckon. SECOND HAYSEED Gosh, how she squeaks Say, mister, why don't you grease her

Mr Robert B latch ford, the editor of the Clarion, made his journalistic reputation whilst writing under the nom, dc plume of Nunquam in the Sunday Chroniric. "Nunquam" has seen much of life. For seven years he served, as a common soldier, and embodied his experience in "The Ramchanders," a serial story which ap- peared in the Clarion. TAKING PRECAUTION.—Parisians extract amuse- ment from everything that happens to them, no matter how terrible. Recently they were much agitated and excited by explosions of dynamite brought about by anarchists; but in the midst of their alarm and indignation they found time to make a great many jokes about their dangers. One writer, for instance, demanded that a law should be passed providing for the arrest and imprisonment of all wives who were suspected of an intention to blow up their husbands. The proprietor of a large apartment building amused the public with the followingsipn above the street door of his builaing :—No cabinet ministers or magistrates allowed on these premises." This notice derived its point from the fact that the wrath of the anarchists was supposed to be directed towards these officials.. One journal states that a tenor singer applied co a manager for employment, and sang two or three sougs to show what he could do. You sm^ very well- very well," said the manager but——" But what, sir?' "'Well, you see, your stylo is rather explosive, and at the present time your audience would be act to take alarm."

Notes from Oxford. [FFIOSI OLB WELSH CORRESPODE..T.J OXFORD, Monday Night. Professor Froude has been induced to relax his recent stringent regulations regarding the admis- sion of ladies to his lectures. They are now allowed to be present—at all events, whether permission has been granted or not, they are amongst his hearers. In connection with this matter the following anecdote is told of the late Professor Freeman. The ladies attended his lectures in larg-e numbers, to such an extent indeed that undergraduates, unless they were prepared to come half an hour before the time announced, could hardly secure seats. Nor did this always mean success, for some ladies used to arrive an hour, and some an hour and a hail before time. The Professor was enraged. The following week he was on hand very eariy. To the first lady who presented herself be said, Madam, do you know Latin T "Yes, Dr Freeman." Do you know Greek?" "Oh yes." Do you know Spanish ?" No." Then I think you had better depart to learn some Spanish, for we are going to lecture on a Spanish period to-day." Three four, five, six ladies more came to be treated in like fashion. The seventh arrived—she knew Spanish. The Professor, however, was equal to the occasion:— Mf.ciam, do you know Icelandic J" Yes." Do you know Gothic?" "Yes." "Doyou know Zend, Swahili, Burmese, Fiji ? Is there any language you don't know ?" No, I do not know them." "Then, I imagine the lecture will be unin- telligible to you-you will find it a profitable thing to read them up." The lady took the hint, and the Professor was left 111 peace. Mr Frank Morgan, B. A., of Carmarthen, has bei-ii appointed to lecture next term at Keble College, on The Great Rebellion." Mr Morgan is an old Llandoverian, and took a first class in history last June. The Junior Scientific Club held their last meet- ing in the Physiological Laboratory on Friday. The President, Dr. Lorraine Smith, read a paper on "The Functions of the Thyroid Gland." The Thyroid is a small gland situated just below the larynx—the larynx being the Adam's apple of our childhood. It has been for a long time known that that fell disease my xoeJema was associated with degeneration of thlsoran, but a rational system of treatment, founded to some extent on this know- ledge, has only just been introduced into mechcine. Patients are now given the Thyroid or its infusion to take twice or thrice weekly, and already in a large number of cases complete cures, and in others marictd improvement, has ensued. Dr Smith exhibited to the Society two cats upon which the operation of excision had been effected, and these surveyed the members in a listless, apathetic, somnolent manner. Dr Victor Horslev had found that an excess of mucin was present in the tissues aô a result of operation, but Dr Smith's conclusions were almost cnti rely negative. He believed that the animals died, as he uut it. "quantitatively;" that is, not in consequence of a change of function or constitution of any organ or set of organs, but merely as a result of the absence of something or other, what he could not say, which was manufactured by the Thyroid body, and was necessary for the and the support of the economy there were also marked changes in the heat-regulating apparatus of the body. The lost meeting of tbe Dafydd ap Gwilym t Society was held in Mr O. M. Edwards's rooms, Lincoln College. Professor Rhys de- tailed an account of a rec-ent tour in Herefordshire, dealing mainly with the superstitions and folk-lore of the people. A j peculiar custom in connection with the whit- tern tree prevails here. Men fasten a bunch of whittern, under which no cock has crowed, on the head of a birch pole, and place it at the stable doors on the 31st of October and the 1st of May, these being the days on which, according to old Celtic records, witches, hobgoblins, and bogies are let loose and hold revel. It would appear that Apple and Candle Night," Ducking Apples," was a survival of a custom prevailed in pre-historic times for the purposes of divination and seeking- oniens, just as the ancient Romans en- deavoured to derive similar information from the entrails of beasts and the "sacred chickens." In South Wales the turnips, which are shelled out and dressed up c'n these nights, were originally intended to frighten away the evil spirits which it was believed were abnormally venomous and numerous on these occasions. The referred to a SOlnéWÏ1a.t analogous custom which he had observed in North Wales on the 1st of May, when if any one had con- ceived a spite against a young lady, he would furbish up a "gwrgwellt," and place it against the window of the recalcitrant one. The con- versation turned too to the question of Bendith y Mame. Several members were in doubt as to the middle word, and suggested Bendith i Mame. In the latter the meaning is obvious, but in the former case—i.e., Bendith y Mame," the mother's blessing —it might refer to the fairies' mothers or to mothers generally. This led to the discussion of the elemental mother," motherhood," or "creative power." wirch seems to be a constant element m the old German legends, Norse Sagas, and according to Herodotus was catried in procession at the orgies of Ram and Osiris—a practice which prevailed until recent times in the Sandwich Islands. Professor Rhys will at all times gladly welcome com muni- cations from any correspondents who have any facts, bearing reference to, or throwing light upon any question of folk-lore, old tradition, fairy tales, ghosts or hobgoblins, or any records con- cerning them. Letters should be addressed to Jesus College. Oxford. The British Association for the Advancement of Science propose to record for certain typical villages and the neighbouring districts (1) Physical types of the inhabitants; (2) Current traditions and beliefs (3) Peculiarities of dialect; (4) Monuments and other remains d ancient culture: and (5) Historical evidence as to con- tinuity of race. They desire to form, as a first stop, a. list of villages in Wales wtrch appear especially to deserve ethnographic study, such villages to contain not less than a hundred adults, the large majority of whose forefathers have lived there so far backascun be traced, and of whom the desired physical measurements, with lKiotographs. might lw obtained. The above work is undertaken with a view to an ethnological survey of the United Kingdom. Those who can in any way further the project should com- municate with Professor Rhys.

Col. Yerger Becomes a Grand Sachem. Mrs Yerger: You have no idea how much trouble I have with my husband. I didn't think it was possible for him to get sillier than he was already, but I was mistaken." Mrs P< terby What is he up to now ? "He is always up to some new foolishness. He is just running the lodge business into the ground. I would like to know all that goes on in these lodge rooms." I would, too. Judge Peterby comes home every night at about one o'clock smelling of whisky and beer, and when I ask him what sort cf a smell it lS, lie has the impudence to say that it is the smell of incense which they use in their mystic ceremonies." I've noticed the same smell about Col. Yerger. He, tod, said it was incense, and that the effect on meproved it was incense,becausejl became incensed as soon as I smelled it. Wo poor women never find out any lodge secrets, for even if a man is ev>r no talkative wh«n he comae home from the lodge he is not in a condition to talk. I don't know what Col. Yerger has been dcing to deserve it. but they have made him a Grand Sachepa." What in the world is that ?" I don't know. That's some new order he has joined. He already belongs to the Order of Veiled Nightcaps, and the Order cf Idiotic Red Muffs, and three or four more secret gangs." How did you find out that he is a Grand Sachem ? Does be talk in his sleep ? "No. Day before yesterday was his birthday. Just as we were getting up from the supper table there came two knocks at the door, and a deep, grave-like voice said: 'Is the Grand Sachem in his wisjwam ? I Colonel Yerger opened the door, and there was Gus de Smith, Kosciusko Murphy, MoseSchamiiberg, Gilhooly, Hostetter McGinnis, old Judg, Pennybunker and a lot more of those old reprobates. They came into the room in Indian file and said: Is our red sister Just think of it I'd have scalped them with a fire shovel," said Mrs Peterby. Then Gilhooly struck an attitude and said Most noble Grand Sachem, this is thy birthday, aid thy red brethren, the noble red braves now present in this wigwam, in consequence of the high esteem they have for their noble brother, and his great services to the lodge, do hereby present thee, noble savage, with this gold-headed walking cane. Lean on it, most worthy lord of the forest, on thy stroll in the direction of the happy hunting grounds behind the setting sun.' Do you allow such proceedings in your house, Mrs Yerger ? Why, I would have scalded them. I'd have exterminated them." "I couldn't help it. Col. Yerger was very much moved. He said it was the happiest moment of his life, but that his heart was too full for utterance, and turning to me he had the impudence to say, handing me a quarter, Here, noble squaw, take this string of wampum to the corner grocery, and bring some beer, that I may make merry with my red brethren of the forest. Be seated, braves. 1 should have mooned the floor with him. •

GOSSIPS' CORNER. During the past week there were 43 maritime losses and casualties reported at Lloyd's. Mr H. W. Lecy has accepted the post of Lon. don correspondent to the New York Tribune. A Society of Poets is in incubation, and has re- ceived the approbation, amongst others, of Mr Lewis Morris. Sir Georere White, the newly-appointed Com- mander-in-Chief in India, comes of a north of Ireland family. A convict orchestra has been started at PenD- sylvania. btate Prison. The orchestra consists of 309 performers, and gives concerts nightly. Mr Broadhurst repudiates the statement that he was a candidate for the post of Chief Inspector of Factories just conferred on Mr Sprague Oram. The death of Admiral Henry Stroud reduces the number of the survivors of the naval offieen who served afloat in the Napoleonicwars to seven. "Ormc" is having his portrait painted—for the first time in his life—by Miss M. Collyer, of Halebourne, Chobham, who is new at Kingsclere. A decision given in the Westminster County1 Court settles that a cabman is not liable for the iusrgage of a passenger carried on the roof of his vehicle. It is reported that Norway, Great Britain, and Ireland are at present the only countries in Europe which are free from foot-and-mouth disease. Mr Goschen. who has arrived in Berlin with his son and daughter for a short stay there, was on Thursday received by the Emperor and invited to dinner. Extraordinary measures will shortly be taken in Moscow to compel all Jewish traders to abandon their religion and join the Greek Ortho- dox Church. Mr Henry Cust, At. P. for Stamford and Bourt Division Linconshire, writing to a constituent, says that is quite true be has taken the editorship of the Pall 31all Gazette. It is said that an ancient Hussite church ip Bohemia has been recovered for the Protestant faith after being in the hands of the Romap Catholics for 250 years. The Young Men's Christian Associations in England, Wales, and Ireland have increased frorc 188 to 394 during the past 10 years, and the mem< bership from 39,000 to 56.000. The first public act of the Duke of York, mn(v his elevation to that dignity, will be the opening of the new premises of the Royal Eye Hospital, Southwark, on December 15th. "Mamma says you were born with a silver spoon in your mouth." Homely heiress "That means I was born rich." Little boy, after closer inspection, "Was it a tablespoon ?" Mistress: Well, I'm sorry you want to leave me, Marybut what's your reason ? (Mary says nothing.) Something private?—Mary No,muni: please mum, he's a lauce corporal. In the past week 16 steamers landed cattle and fresh meat at Liverpool from American and Canadian ports, bringing a total supply of 4,657 cattle and 18,616 quarters of beef. The other day a well-known novelist received a letter from a Dutchman asking him to recommend an English woman as a wife, the only stipulation being that she should be as fat as possible." A farm of 600 acres in Hampshire, with fine buildings attached, let at only 5s an acre, has just been vacated by a farmer, who declared he could not make it pay even at such a low rental. The command of the London Scottish Rifles has become vacant by the retirement of Lieut.- Col. W. E. Nicol. It is expected that the post will be given to Major E. J. A. Balfour, brother of Mr A. J. Balfour. During excavations in Florence there have been found the ruins of a Roman bath, a hall, a splendid dootway, and two rooms with beautif,,j, mosaics- A Roman villa has been unearthed near Cambridge. It is said three things impressed theGaekwar oi Baroda, who has now left these shores—the pro pensity of English magnates for heavy dinners, the detestable climate, and the industrial re- sources of the country. A Hamburg correspondent telegraphs thaa influenza has re-appeared in that city and the neighbouring districts. There have already been a number of crises treated, but almost all hitherto have been of a mild character. The A theweum says there is no foundation foi the report that Me.=srs Mactr.iJI.in and Co. intend to publish in the spring a cheaper edition of tbc works-of Lord Tennyson. No such step is likely to be taken for several years to come. Kop's Ale is said to be made as follows :—lot hops, loz. horehound, ioz. dandelion root, 1/gor. ginger, %lb. sugar. Boil two hour! when oooi add ]40z- yeast, and let it work a few hours in shallow pans. Filter, aerated bottled. Of the debutantes this year (says Vanity F-eirl the most beautiful was Lady Ulrica Duncombe. The richest debutante was Miss Bass, who is solt heiress to her father's immense fortune, which amounts to very nearly £300,000 a year. Sir Richard Webster will take an early oppor- tunity, to introduce a Bill in the present Parlia- ment to amend the Prevention of Cruelty 11 Children Act, which he with Mr Mundella foul years ago pioneered through the House of Com. mons. The missing word competition has exhausted the supply of shilling postal orders in the GeneraT Post Office in London, and on Friday persons in London and the suburbs who went to the post- offices to purchase orders were told that there were none left. The death of a Cumberland centenarian, M. Thomas Moffat, is announced at the age of 102 years, three months, and six day. He was originally a weaver, and bisapprentice indentures, dated August 3rd, 1802, are still preserved, and attest big great age. The obituary of the Baptist ministry for this year shows that 41 died up to the end of November, the average age being over 68. The oldest was the Rev R. Grace, who was regarded as the father of the denomination he had entered on his 93rd year. The attack of typhoid fever from which Mr Fred Leslie is suffering continues to run a severe course. Many weeks, even under the most favour- able circumstances, must elapse before Mr Leslie is likely to return to the Gaiety stage, and the forthcoming Christmas burlesque at that theatre will necessarily lack his co-operation duriug the carJy portion of its "run." According to a compilation from the censws report, the Canadian population now resident in the United States rs 984,000—an jndrafti of 37 per cent. in ten years. One-fifth of the population of Canada have found homes in the I United States, being the largest immigration, compared with the remaining population, known in any country d the world.

A SATURDAY SERMON. All the theories which have refined and exalted humanity, or those which have been devised as alleviations of its mistakes and evils, have been based upon the dementary emotions cf disin- terestedness which we feel to constitute the majesty of our nature. Patriotism, as it existed in the ancient republics, was never, as has been supposed, a calculation of personal advantages. When Mutius Sccevola thrust his hand into the burning coals, and Regulus re turned tj Carthage, and Epicharis sustained the rack silently, in the tcrments of which she know that she would sp "ily perish, rather than betray the conspirators to the Tyrant; these illustrious persons certainly made a small estimate of their private interest. If it be said that they sought posthumous fame, instances are not want. in in history to prove that men have even defied infamy for the sake of good But thera it a great error in the world with respect to the selfisbneee of fame. It is certainy possible that a person should seek distinction as a medium of personal gratification. But the love of fame is frequently no more than a desire that the feelings of othets should oonfirm, illustrate, and sympathies with our cwn. £ XBLLKT.