The Cardiff Times

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WORKMEN'S TOPICS. S — ? BY MABON, M.P. Jf COLLIERY MANAGERS' CONGRESS. Congresses still continue to be the order H day. Last week we had the great I if ,°ur Congress, and the week before, J^des the Oriental Congress, at which • A r 6 tw° score languages were represented, 1; ^ngress of Colliery Managers was held f Newcastle. This was the fourth annual ■ Cf!lPeSS t"le National Association of !~?^lery Managers. The managers of our L Qes have, undoubtedly, their own distinct [ í:o erests, and this Association was formed I ^afcch over those interests, and especially legislation as may affect the position of Uxery managers, either with reference to OrtL or the employed. The j/S&tiizers of this Association take particu- I Pains to make it known that their I .sociation has nothing in common with a S' un*on* There are altogether some 13 I the largest of which is in the I ir0tS England, and has 100 members, f £ jp Henry Palmer, East Howie Colliery, "J1,ham, was elected president of the Con- i ^f,8S' an<* delivered an opening address, in lch he dwelt principally on the electrical jPpliances for loading, hauling, and pump- is Work in mines, which he spoke of as of jPjeafc utility, and recommended its general A THE EIGHT HOtTRS' BILL. as it may appear, the first business he Congress was to discuss a question jr** does not enter into the objects of the ^5op'ation, neither is it very plain how v ? interests of managers are specially in- g.edinit, viz., the Miners' Eight Hours' The result of the discussion was the °ption of a resolution that the Associa- was strongly opposed to the hours of labour in mines being fixed by Parlia- ent. During the whole of the dis- nothing was said to show how t interests of the managers was in- Ih in this matter, and it appears the chief consideration by which the Solution was recommended was that the f/Oposed Bill would tell chiefly against the <*ests of the men themselves. This is fremely amusing. A body of gentlemen eetlng in an annual congress to discuss S o'essedly matters of distinct interest to ell' own selves, and the first question that J^upied their attention was a matter which, .Wording to their own admission, chiefly ^rested another class of people. Strange t,.fchis may appear, it is stranger still to lrik that they manifested greater and 1 beeiXer interest in matters affecting the Pj^niary interests of those under whom i ey serve than safe-guarding the vital in- tests of those who are under them. T EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY BILL. is reported that they also agreed 0 take the opinion of their branches the Employers' Liability Bill and the Mines Regulation Act. Now the 'J of k measure provides for the inspection wie mines by the men. The 38th general e thereof says:—"The persons employed t a mine may from time to time appoint j. o of their number, or any two persons, of being mining engineers, to inspect the & their own cost, and the persons so Ppointed shall be allowed, once at least in Ve*y month, accompanied, if the owner, I ?8ent, or manager of the mine thinks fit, w! himself or one or more officers of the to go to every part of the mine." T WORKMEN'S INSPECTION OF MINES. I fir is plain that this condition being tached to this provision secures that the Paginations would be a valid, truthful Paginations would be a valid, truthful ihf6' an<^ as such would not only be of great terest to the manager of the mine, but « ay be of great utility to him also. In the rat place, it would give him, at the work- s's cost, an independent report of the true .edition of the colliery under his manage- Should there happen to be anything Qg> or out of place, this would give him opportunity of having such put right, j otherwise, should it be a good report, prov- jHS the mine to be in a safe condition all tound, for should there happen within the j °Hth to be an accident, accompanied by oas of life or otherwise, but such that would j*" in question the general character of the T^nagement, this report, made by the workmen, would be unquestionably accepted ,8 a certificate of the safety of the mine, at ^st, up to the date of the report and ,,°uld have a great tendency to exonerate 116 manager from general blame. For it is pother condition attached to this rule ( .That the persons making the examination forthwith make a true report thereof, i> i°h is to be recorded in a book kept at mine for that purpose, and is *§ned by them. Hence the report ould be available at any time as J^dence of the condition of the state of he mine at the time of inspection. But, y1* the other hand, there is another condi- Ion which is an eyesore to the managers, Jj*d which directs that if the report state e existence, or apprehended existence, of danger, the owner, agent, or manager .hall forthwith cause a copy of the report !• 7* he sent to the inspector of the district." to the report in a special return brained, the total number of pits in Great ^Itain was 1,006 the number in- since the passing of the Act being ^0 not inspected, 846. The correctness J this return I unhesitatingly question, i ^t this Congress, accepting the same as <(6lng eorrect, and allowing the matter to be Passed by without comment," is most sur- N F^ing to any man that understands the ~|*ect bearing of this examination upon the of life, limb, and property. BOILER EXPLOSIONS ACT. Moreover, the report says that the desir- ^hility of promoting a short Bill in the next parliament repealing so much of the Boiler Implosions Act of 1^90 as affected the Coal ^ines Regulations Act was referred to the j*°ttunittee. This is another instance of the Antagonism of the Colliery Managers' Con- j^ss members to any legislative measure Promoting the safety of life and property as I ell^ The measure of protection contained i i** Boiler Explosions Act of 1890 has I long and keenly felt. But before the I Enactment is much more than one year old, 1 "ere we find a body of gentlemen whose own I heen long and keenly felt. But before the I Enactment is much more than one year old, 1 ere we find a body of gentlemen whose own I e*perience must have proved to them that Previous enactments have been of consider- hie aid in reducing the number of colliery Occidents, clamouring for its repeal. hy is this measure of safety less pessary with boilers connected with j^nes 1 Is it because they are working j*nder less pressure ? Is it because the danger respecting them is less there than fi°niewhere else ? or is it because they now Squire greater skill and care in the "andling of them, and thus creating a little ^tra expense in connection with the work- of them 1 J COAL DUST IN MINES. Impelled by the same characteristic spirit of retrogression, it was agreed to take no Action in regard to the Royal Commission jjn C«al Dust in Mines and the Labour Commission. Here is another action, or ^ther inaction, unworthy of such an im- Portant body of gentlemen. Whatever view they take of this question of coal dust in f'j'ines, what can be of more interest to themselves, the owners of the mines under heir care, and the men working in them han that the matter should be tho- roughly understood and made so plain £ hat he who runs may read. If the dancers tcjm coal-dust are not such as warrant the stringent precautions as are likely to be ^rther enforced upon the working of dusty Cities, they are the men that can bring ?vidence to prove it. If, on the other hand, tt is found that further precautions with to it are needed, they are also the Jfcen most likely to invent means of laying, ^tting', and, making it less harmless. To "ty mind the spirit of retrogression on the °ne hand, and of inaction on the other, Evinced by the lew of our colliery managers titended tht Newcastle Conference is ( L lamentable. It goes now by general con- sent that the few legislative enactments bear- ing upon the working of mines during the last 50 years have been of enormous service in the direction of minimising the dangers in those mines, and yet here we have a number of gentlemen most directly interested in the safety so produced, not only refusing their aid to further legislative interference, but are reported to be seriously considering the means of repealing some of those now in force. It reflects great credit upon the bulk of our colliery managers in Monmouth- shire and South Wales that so few of them have attached themselves to this retro- gressive body. HOW THE MINERS REGARD IT. The miners of Wales, as well as other parts of the kingdom, are still of an opposite opinion to the colliery managers and their brethren of the north generally as to the eight hours question. At a great demonstra- tion held at Wrexham a few days ago, which was attended by some 12,000 colliers, a resolution was unanimously adopted in favour of the Bill. Resolu- tions were also adopted against mining royalties, in favour of weekly instead of fortnightly payments, and acknowledging the benefits that miners have derived from the Federation of Great Britain in fact, the batches of demonstrations held a couple of weeks ago have been a splendid success, and have given the country such a display of the power of organisation and industrial unanimity in the pursuit of select objects as has never before been witnessed in this country. UNSKILLED LABOUR. Our contemporary, The Labour Tribune, commenting upon Mr Cowey's remarks on unskilled labour, says they deserve to be widely spread. And further says that they are inclined to think the share of responsibility for the employment of unsuit- able workman resting upon the skilled men themselves has been somewhat over- looked—and are of opinion that it is time they realised that something beside muscle is wanted in the pit, and that they are likely to pay dearly for their smartness in getting big men at a low price. It is needless to point out that for workmen to pass resolutions in favour of the exclusion of uskilled labourers, while they themselves employ them, is the rankest hypocrisy, and the House of Commons will tell us so when we ask for further legislative restriction. A strong effort should be made to create a healthier -feeling in the pits against the employment of such men.

The Hereford Musical Festival of 1891. BY DR JOSEPH PARRY. University College, Cardiff. Having dealt with the influences, artistes, conductor, orchestra, and chorus in our last, we shall now deal briefly with the various composers and their works. MENDELSSOHN. Despite the every-prevailing doubtas to bis real depth of greatness, and the much longer popu- larity of his works, yet the popularity of his choral works stand next to the old giant, Handel. At this festival no less than three of his grand choral works were included in the festival pro- gramme, namely, his St. Paul on Tuesday, Hymn of Praise on Wednesday, and his Elijah on Thursday. England need not be ashamed to stick up for its favourite Mendelssohn against others who put up against him their preferred Schumann. Surely musicians can admire the genius and scholarship of both* HANDEL. He was represented by his immortal sermon of the Messiah. This work, like the Gospel itself, goes into the innermost corners of the heart, and one feels after hearing it so much the better man. BEETHOVEN. Now, here one instinctively takes off his hat and bends with reverence as he approaches. This great master was represented by his colossal "Eroica" symphony. What wealth and depth of thought! What a mighty soul speaks to you in this wondrous work If, as the over-learned say, Handel is out of date," surely such is not theoasewith our tonal god Beethoven. His works defy fashion and time. Hestands alone in a world of his own, and far apart from all before and after him. "0, frenBin bydd fyw bytb." SCHUMANN. This profound and skilful creator was repre- sented by his grand Symphony in B flat. One willingly admits him as coming nearest to the great B" as a symphonist. Each of his four movements are masterly conceived, their con- struction is fine and laden with soul-moving thoughts. No less masterl y is his orchestral skill in all its details. This symphony was indeed a feast to all true musicians. RICHARD WAGNER. Thou art truly one of our art gods, and as such we worship thee with all sincerity. He was represented by his Meistersinger Overture, Par. sifal Prelude,and Scenafrom one of his operas. He is truly the eAe/of the orchestra. He followed no -one, but led all. fSTOHB. Another favourite of the Muses," and, like Schumann, not yet estimated at his full value. Spohr's Calvary was performed, which is as beautiful and devotional as it is difficult and chromatic. The music depicting the agony upon the Cross is melting. Calvary is a noble com- panion to. its still nobler brother oratorio, The Last Judgment., from the same facile peta. THE WELSH NAMES. I was impressed when I observed the number of Welsh names at this festival. Amongst the singers were Miss Anna Williams, the soprano Miss Mary Morgan, contralto, her father hailing from Carmarthen; Mr Lloyd, tenor; Mr Williams, cathedral organist; Dr Edwards, Dr Lloyd, and Dr H. Parry. This makes a fair list. OTHER COMPOSERS. Mozart. —The "Requiem Mass" was the work per- formed by this great art-concealing and angelic composer. Never was a work of but on, hour's duration that contains so much compressed learn- ng and soul. Bach.—-««Blessing, glory, &c. by him was eautifully sung and unaccompanied by the fes- tival choir. We shall not join those who say it is not by our giant J.S.B. • SUUivan'3 Te Denrn.—Like all his creations, it is bubbling with the music of melody. Sir John Stainer's Magdalene had the same tuneful charm, yet the effect is marred by the too fragmentary construction of the story. Dr Lloyd 8 Song of Judgment is a successful. and useful work it combines constructive skill melody, orchestral, and creative powers. With such new work he safely creeps up the slippery ladder of fame. J Dr.. Stanford^ "Battle of the Baltic," though short, is yet full of ability. The descriptive middle part is exceedingly clever and effective. ])1'. Edwards' "Praise to the Holiest" is another short, able, tuneful, and effective composition, is a sample of other good works we hope are to follow. Dr. Hubert Parry's De Profundis.This towered aloft above all the other new works at this festival. Surely my namesake has in this. work made his mark Fame-bell rang willingly its praises as a token of his success. Thus ends. another of our many visited festivals. My gentle readers, would you not like to Jjelp, <i and be prepared to get such a moving festival in* Wales, say to be held alternately at Merthyr, •; Rhondda, and Cardiff? Ami gnoc adyr ygarreg" so I am continuing my repeated knocks upon this. much needed union of action amongst our Wtlsh > musicians. "Pa bryd y daw V is our cry.

To quench thirst, nothing is better than hot tea, even in the warmest weather. The custom of taking ice-water, or any other very cold drinks or food, ice-cream, &c., cannot but prove un- favourable to the health, especially when one has a low vital power, with insufficient power of the stomach to react and restore the degree of heat actually demanded that digestion may proceed naturally. Digestion is arrested as soon as the temperature of the stomach falls below 90 deg. Fabrenhelt,and when cold drinks are taken by the weak at least some considerable time must elapse before it is restored—in some instanoes honrs- attended by great waste of pover and a derange- ment of the stomach. ° Aa for the sublime, it is only great geniuses and those of the very highest) order that able s rise to its height.

FACTS FOR FARMERS. Current Notes on Agriculture. By a Practical Farmer. THE SERVANTS' TROUBLE AGAIN. The agricultural servants' trouble is not con- fined to the Principality. References have been made from time to time in this column to the growing scarcity of good farm servants both male and female. Now hiring period is dawing near farmers will be faced soon once more with the difficulty of finding the requisite helpers. In the last issue of the Agricultural Gazette a complaint comes from the north country in respect to the selfsame trouble of securing farm servants and also the want of interest they show in their work. The evil complained of, contract breaking, is well known to Welsh farmers, and is unfortunately each year on the increase. Some action should be taken to put a stop to it. Dealing with this phase of the question the writer referred to says A new trouble, or rather an aggravated form of an old one, appears now to be looming in the future of the already harassed farmer, viz., servants failing to hold to their engagements. It has been no uncommon thing in the experience of the past for an occasional case of contract break- ing to crop up in a district, but it was the excep- tion and not the rule, and could generally be accounted for by some undesirable characteristic on the part of the "cheated or the cheat." But now, unhappily—particularly in the North of Scotland-it is no longer the exception but the rule, and unless it is put down at once, stamped out, as it were, by stringent measures it may be found to be fully as catching as other evils that are so treated, gathering strength as it gees, and becoming even more virulent as it is handed from one centre to another. Some of the sufferers seem disposed to lay the fault on the system of engaging, on the feeing markets, &c., but it is somewhat hard to see the why and the wherefore of that idea. A man or a woman engaged at a registry office—if engaged in an equally loose way—has the same opportunities of breaking his or her engagement as when the contract has been formed at the market. Sometimes the arles are returned, sometimes they are retained; in very glaring cases two or three engagements are made by the same party, for the express purpose of appropriating the arles," and rather than be at the trouble of a prosecution, the.farmer lets his shilling and the defaulter go, hoping for better luck next time. What is wanted is some strong deterrent, simple in its application, but effectual in its results. At 1 11 ap one time public opinion, even among: the masses, went dead against contract-breaking, but now, when the whole tone of public morality is lowered -and who can say that It is not ?-it is only what our national poet calls "the hangman's whip" that will suffice" to keep the wretch in order." It would probably be better in all cases, but particularly where there is reason to fear disap- pointment, to have the contract duly drawn out and signed, and then the strong arm of the law can be invoked, making it no light matter to enter on an engagement and fail to implement it. At a farmers' club in the far North, where the matter was under discussicn, one employer stated that out of five servants he had engaged only one came home, another declared that the bother, the disappointment, and the growing lack of con- fidence in the servants were so great that he could not describe them yet another that he would likely be out of his farm at Whit Sunday, and that he cared very little, as servants had be- come so great a torment." Fortunately this dreadful state of matters is, so far, only to be found in the North, but what will be the result if it spreads over the country, as it sure to do, un- less a firm hand is held out to stop it. Like all threatened evils it will be most easily dealt with in its early stages, and farmers havi it in their own hands to bring the first offenders to punish- ment, both for their own faults and as a warning to others. Already there are indications of a growing spirit of insubordination and laxity a. want of interest in the work, a strict keeping to stated hours, whatever the uncertainty of the weather and the urgency of the crop, among a certain class of farm servants while on the other hand it is only fair to say that there are still to be met some of the good old-time workmen, who identify their master's interest with their own, and long may it be ere the farmers in the South have the same unhappy conditions to deal with as we hear of in the distressful and disgraceful tidings from the North. A Bad Habit. A correspondent writes asking me to deal with the question of cattle chewing bones, old leather, &c, On some farms cattle arc more apt to do this than on others, and much trouble is caused to the owners often through this dangerous habit. The reason for this is not far to seek, and the remedy is simple. The habit is due to a deficient supply of salt on such lands, and cattle chewing bones, &c., is only a manifestation of the craving of stock for salt. Cattle may be seen habitually hunting for bones, leather, or anything to chew, which gives some relief to the craving of the animal. Rock salt should at all times be acces- sible to the stock, which they can lick at their leisure. This I consider preferable to mixing salt with their food, which is the custom of some farmers during winter feeding. By the former plan the natural instinct of the animal will be a guide to what quantity to take, while in the latter, unless great care be taken, too much of it may occasionally be mixed with the food, result- ing in inducing scouring. Last Week's Fairs. At the fairs of last week there was no percep- tible improvement in prices of store cattle. The quantity bought by dealers and consigned for the Midland Counties was larger than it had been hitherto this year, but, as I predicted a week or two ago, these fairs have been crowded with cattle of all ages and the supply exceeded the demand, and this acts against better prices. Being a late year, in every respect the store cattle trade is no exception. The demand, therefore, for yearlings was very poor. The season for these this year yet has not arrived, and the English grazier will not be in a position to buy them for another three weeks or a month. The bulk of late con- signments were two-years-olds. There has, however, been an improvement in the demand of porkers and bacon pigs, and it is easy to dispose of them now, but the prices still rule low, although a little better than a montn, ago. For butter at our country markets the price realized is fairly good, being for tubs and casks from Is upwards, and at the present price I would certainly advise farmers to sell their old store. There is a. general complaint of cows being off milk through un- seasonable weather this summer, and con- sequently there is a reduced quantity of butter made by every farmer. The Weather and the Crops. The Mark-lane Express of Monday says :— Sunshine only put in an appearance to re.nind us of the blessings not accorded to us this season. Very few wheat samples come to any market in a dry or fit condition, and the old is such that the London average has fallen 4s 2d on the week. During the past week, however, extreme un- certainty has marked the wheat trade. London, Chelmsford, Derby, Lincoln, and Liverpool have been better since Monday, both London and Liverpool closing very farm; but Bristol, Dublin, Hull, and Southampton among the ports, to- gether with a large majority of the inland exchanges, allow about Is decline. The spring corn tnvie is against holders, the principal event of the week b6ing the offer of American maize crop at 23s 6d, January shipment. This has weakened the spot trade as well as the forward market. Oats have fallen 6d per quarter at several of the agricultural exchanges. The yields in Scotland and Ireland are stated to exceed expectation; and, as far as Ireland is concerned, this is confirmed by the markets being generally lower for oatmeal as well as oats. Beans, peas, and barley have been slow, and against holders.

A MATTER OF BUSINESS. CLERGYMAN.—" You say you are going to marry again! You surprise me. This will make the fourth husband, will it not ?" DIVORCEE.—" Yes; and as you performed the ceremony each time, I called to eee if I couldn't make some arrangement with you about getting •daoouatoa tbamwriaga fee,"

I ROYAL RESIDENCES. — MARLBOROUGH HOUSE: THE PRINCE OF WALES'S LONDON HOME. -w MARLBOROUGH HDUSB. I Marlborough House, where H.R.H. the Prince | of Wales shines as the great leader of London j Society, both as regards rank, worth, and culture, and where his graceful Princess rules with 50, winning a charm, is not altogether beautiful of outside. It is a stately brick edifice with stone orna- mentation. There is an extensive front, the wings on either side being decorated with rustic cornered masonry. A small colonnade stretches on the side of the area next the wings; the opposite portion of the buildings being occupied by various offices. Originally a balustrade finished off the top of the building, but this was subsequently removed, and the first storey crowned by an attic rising above the cornice. The front towards the park resembles the other only instead of there being two wings, niches for statuary are substituted, a descent by a flight of steps into the garden taking the place of the front area. I But the interior of the bouse is imposing, and befitting in every way the home of such a Royal pair as our popular Prince and Princess. The vestibule was painted with a representation of (the battle of Hochstet, in remarkable incident was the taking of MarshaI TalIart the F general, and several other officers of distinction prisoners. The long series of battles in which the illustrious Duke of Mariborough (for whom the house was budt by Sir Christopher Wren in ™°tJ0) 7^ ,e^?ged, including those of Malplaquet and Blenheim were painted by La Guerre as ornaments for the palace. Marlborough House occupies the site of the old pheasantry of St James's Palace, and of the garden of Mr Secretary Boyle, the latter of which was taken out of St Jarnes'srArk. When built the house was shut in on two sides by chesnut groves, and was even quioter of aspect than now it is. The mansion was bought by the Crown in 1817 for the poor Princess Charlotte, who died before the purchase was actually completed. Her widower, Prince Leopold (afterwards King of the Belgians), lived here, bow# several years. Marlborough House was settled on the Prince of Wales on his coming of age, and there the Prince and Princess have had their town home ever since their wedding in 1863. NEXT WEEK :—ST JAMES'S. PALACE.

.=; A FEW THOUGHTS ON THEOSOPHY. [RT DR. CHARLES WILLIAMS, CARDIFF.] The death of Madame Blavatsky and the con- sequent descent of her mantle upon a better known lady have brought the subject of theo- sophy into such prominent notice that people are everywhere enquiring into it. At this juncture, therefore, a few calm thoughts on the subject by one who knows something about what he writes of may probably be of service. To put the matter briefly, then, theosophy comes before us appealing for a hearing on the three following grounds :-(1) The occurrence of certain phenomena, (2) the existence of certain teachers called Mahatmas," and (3) an account of its philosophy. The two first I will dismiss very briefly. And, first, as to its phenomena. These—or at all events some of them—will be found to be actual facts. No one has ever thoroughly and with an open mind investigated what is known as occultism without very soon being forced to come to the conclusion that there are latent psychical powers in man almost transcending description, and that by cultivation these powers can be improved. Whether the phenomena said to have occurred in Madame Blavatsky's presence did so occur or not is beside the question. Equally striking and incredible things do occur m the presence of mediums, and such Madame Blavat- sky undoubtedly and undeniably was. The; student, therefore, in this direction will not be disappointed. As to the second point, namely, • the existence of the Mahatmas, he will have to receive it on trust. He can neither discredit nor disprove it, and therefore, as he has found his instructors reliable in the matter of phenomena, he will probably be prepared to accept their word on this delicate ground also. His information, however, being in this case based on faith only and not knowledge, this will be the least satis- factory part of his theosophic studies. And now I come to the third point I propose to consider, namely, its philosophy. With this, as expounded in the theosophical publications, the student will in all probability be at once highly pleased in all probability be at once highly pleased and as his studies prevail, unless he keeps a cool head he is almost sure to become infatuated. I mean what I say. Some of the publications I am thinking of contain the best-written essays I have read in my life, and so attractive is the style, so interesting the matter, and so forcible the logic, that had I not, when reading them, observed the injunction given above, these thoughts" might be tending in a different direction than that to which they are now about to drift. And this leads me to submit at once the following pertinent considerations. Granted that theosophy be true; cui bono t The sacrifices demanded are great; nothing less, in fact, than abso- lute negation of self andaforsakingof nearly all the ordinary pleasures.of life. Nay, more, they go so far as to demand the forgetting, or at all events the delegating to a second place such little weak- nesses in our nature as the love of wife home and children. Now this being the case, what is the reward, for it is unreasonable to expect people to make such great sacrifices unless there is an equal, or at all events fairly commensurate, re- ward ? The reward, says the theosophist, consists in making for yourself a good karma, and par consequence in your next incarnation on this earth you will take a higher place. To the •nquiry as to whether in the post-mortem condi- tion which would antedate this event we should regain consciousness and memory, and, ergo, recognise our surroundings and former fellow- creatures, the theosophist's reply would be in the negative; that memory, &c., would be completely blotted out, and that, therefore, with a desi- deratum, is impossible. This being so, theosophy is hardly one whit better than and certainty offers no more hope to a despairing race than does blank materialism, and seeing, moreover, that the materialist, as a rule, asks only reason- able service, to wit, a life of probity and honour, and theosophy claims the highest self-abnegation possible, how can it hope to compete with it! I once took the chair at a lecture by the high priest of theosophy, Colonel Olcott. There assembled to hear him a large and represen- tative audience, embracing much of the fculture and intelligence of the city, and in- cluding, needless to say, many clergymen and ministers of religion. In the course of a very interesting address he said that theosophy was a subject which commanded the highest attention of all classes and creeds; that it numbered amongst its adherents Buddhist priests and Christian bishops; that he had .p preached it with acceptation in every part of the world; and that not many weeks back from that. night he had stood on the altar of a Chinese temple and proclaimed the same grand truths he was preaching there that eveuing, His address, which was as exhaustive as it was interesting, was listened to with rapt attention, and at the close questions were sent up. These were all answered one by one by the lecturer, and when the list was exhausted I myself begged the privilege of asking one. Turning to Cot Olcott, and eyeine him narrowly, I said, "You have told us to-night in very eloquent terms what this new religion is, and I recognise many good points in it, but you know that if it is to succeed and carry everything before it as you prophecy it will, it must serve as a solace in adversity as well as a source of equanimity in prosperity. I want you, therefore, to tell met what consolation 1 you raligioo dftrs in the peesenoe of death- when a husband say has lost his wife, or a father his children, you know what I mean, so I need not go further." Rising from his seat, the lecturer answered that what the chairman had asked was a very sensible question, although he could not but say that it betokened a liltle selfish- ness, for that a man should be so wrapt up in his wife and children as to be overwhelmed with grief at their death undoubtedly showed him to so. Still, for all that, he would endeavour to answer it. The consolation offered in such a case was this That if one person loved another to this extent, at their death his karma would be swallowed up in his friend's karma, and they would both be wafted off to Nirvana together this Nirvana, the summurn barium of ne theosophist's hope, meant our ordinary idea or a paradise it would be all right, but as it means of a paradise it would be all right, but as it means nothing of the kind, what possible consolation is the theosophist's creed ? I love my children, say, and if one of them die I am riot plunged into hopeless despair, for I hope and believe that one day, in a brighter and fairer sphere, I shall meet that child again. But if there be extinction of personality, of memory, llsclo ana of consciousness, as according to the theo- sophic teaching, there is, "of what profit is it," to adopt bt. Paul's phraseology, whether there be another left or no ? The fact of the matter is, theretore, that as a practical every-day creed, theosophy is no better than agnosticism, and I do n^> Ksee that Mrs Besant—noble woman though sne has gained anything at all by the change.

CARDINAL MANNING ON TEMPERANCE. .u°5-«Unday the Masses and Vespers in the different^churches and chapels of the Arch- diocese of Westminster the officiating priest read a pastoral letter from his Eminence Cardinal Manning on the necessity of forming, in connec- tion with each mission and parochial district of his extensive and populous ecclesiastical juris- diction, a juvenile branch of the widely-spread League of the Cross Catholic Total Abstinence Society, and of enrolling, with the consent of their parents and guardians, as large a number as possible of the boys and girls in the Children's lemperance Guilds. The text of the Cardinal Archbishop s letter is as follows" Dear children in Jesus Christ, 'the hope of the harvest is m the seed. The children of to-day are the men and women that is the population of the future. The childhood of to-day is the seed-time u•Vju'r j bfe. The first habits formed in childhood as a rule will govern their whole life after, even to their deatMbeds. On whom do their early habits depend ? Chiefly and supremely on their parents. The habits of children are formed to a great extent in the first years, before as yet they are responsible. And when a single seed is cast into their heart it will strike root, probably never to be plucked up. If it be good, it may be raised" and ripened into a manhood or womanhood full of goodness; if it be evil, then a harvest of evil almost surely will sPrJ"8 UP; for a child's heart is like the earth and the flrst seeds sown draw its earliest strength for good or evil. There are families in which the happiness of parents is wrecked by the intemperance of a son, and sometimes even of a daughter. Who. gave them ve, ^aste of intoxicating drink out of which has sprung the feverish thirst and the governing passion of intemperance? If the fathers and mothers of this generation had been I trained up without so much as the taste of intoxi- cating drude, the homes of to-day would be happy in temperance, parental authority, and filial affection. If the children of to-day are trained up in temperance, such will be the homes and parents of the next generation. For these and other reasons, too many to give now, I earnestly call on fathers and mothers to bring up their children without the temptation or even the taste of any intoxicating drink. Prevention is better than cure. Keep them from the taste, and you will guard them from the temptation. Give to your children the leave and liberty to refuse all intoxicating drink. Let them enrol themselves in the Children's Guild. Our good priests will, with the leave of you, parents and guardians, enrol them and you will take care in your own homes to guard against anything that can endanger their perseverance in his counsel of a higher life, which will be your consolation when you leave them in your last hour." In the afternoon large numbers of the children attend- ing the Catholic schools of the Metropolis were present at a specially held service in the churches attached to each mission, and in conformity with the pastoral instructions of the venerable Cardinal were duly enrolled in these newly- formed guilds, each juvenile member promising with God's help and blessing to abstain from the use of ail intoxicating drinks. The scene pre- sented in the Italian Church of St. Peter, Hat- ton-garden, where an immense assemblage of Irish, Italian, and English children pledged themselves to the observance of the League of the Cross total abstinence principles was truly im- preserve.

The talent of turning men into ridicule, and exposing to laughter those one converses with, is the qualification of little minds and ungenerous tempers. A young man with this cast of mind cuts himself off from all manner of improvement. Young Western women are finding a new way of earning a living by riding racehorses. They are said to make excellent jockeys.

I WELSH GLEANINGS. By Lloffwr. My old friend, Mr Rhys T. Williams, formerly of Treherbert, who will be remem- bered as the Secretary of the Eisteddvod Genedlaethol Deheudir Cymru," has sent me the following report of a Welsh picnic in America. Apparently, it partook largely of the character of the now traditional Cymm- rodorion picnics of this country. It will be seen that most of those present were old Carmarthenshire men. Cas Gwr na charo y wlad a'i maco.' There was a big Welsh excursion to Mountain Park yesterday, and the ancient Britons enjoyed themselves thoroughly. They came from all directions, from Pittston, Wilkes-Barre, Kings- ^pn> Plymouth, and Isanticoke. Great was their delight in meeting their friends here in this city. Indeed, many of the excursionists had not seen one another since they left Carmarthen- shire in the old country, and, of oourse, they had many pleasant things to tell one another. Among those present were Hon. Morgan B. Williams and wife, president of the Red Ash Coal Company Morgan R. Morgan, General superintendent of the Lehigh and Wilkes- larre Coal Company Thomas D. Davies and wife, general superintendent of the Delaware, Laclcawahna, and Western; Hon. John T. Williams and wife, of Scranton Thomas W. Morgan and wife, superintendent of the Red Ash Coal Company Lewis Roberts and wife, mine superintendent, Scranton Reese W. Morgan, superintendent of Avondale Mines; Dr J. Harris Jones, M.D., Wilkes-Barre; Dr E. Evans, Plymouth Reese D. Williams, drug- Evans, Plymouth Reese D. Williams, drug- gist, Plymouth; A. Evans, druggist, King- ston Rev J. G. Evans, Plymouth; Daniel J. Evans, Scranton Jonathan R. Jones, Wilkes-Barre Rees H. Richards. D. P. Thomas and Daniel P. James, of Wilkes-Barre Dewi Cwmtwrch and Tegynys, of Kingston William D. Morgan, of Plymouth Hon. Daniel Edwards and wife, of Kingston; Gwilym M. Williams and wife, Dr R. Davies and wife, Rev Hugh Davies, Rev T. Jenkins, Rev W. J. Jenkins, Rhys T." Williams, H. Y Reese, Davis J. Thomas and W. L. Roberts. After enjoying several hours in different pleasant ways, a meet- ing was called to order at 2 p.m. Hon. Morgan B. Williams presided. The meeting was opened with a song by Mr Thomas Roderick, with a harp accompaniment. Addresses were delivered by the chairman, Rev Hugh Davies, Rev T. Jenkins, Rev J. G. Evans, Thomas D. Davies, Hon. John IT. Williams, Hon. Daniel j Edward, Daniel J. Evans, D. C. Powell, Rees H. Richards and Dr J. Harris Jones. Dr Harris Jones said :—It is unanimously con- ceded that the county of Carmarthen has within its boundaries as well-educated a community as can be found in any part of the British Isle. This is partly due to the fact that the inhabi- tants are in a great measure bilinguists, and also to the existence of numerous colleges belong- ing to the Established and Dissenting Churches. The ancient town of Carmarthen is the county seat, as it is termed here. In olden times it was the scene of many a bitter conflict between the Welsh chiefs, and afterward between the Welsh and the Saxons and Normans. It was for many centuries the residence of the native Princes of South Wales, and Merlin, the Welsh Prophet, is said to have been born here in the fifth century. Since the trouble with England Carmarthenshire has always freely and readily contributed her main- tenance of the integrity of the British Empire, and her sons have always displayed the good fighting qualities which distinguished our ancestors, the Ancient Britons, when defending their country from a Roman invasion. General Picton, one of the heroes of Waterloo, was a Carmarthenshire man, and so was General Nott. Great as our people have been in wars, they have been equally as great in peace. Wales is eminent in the peaceful hearts, poetry and music, those gentle twin sisters of the muses, have always had a peculiar fascination over the Welsh character. Her ancient bards sang in Druidical groves long before a Roman had touched the shores of Britain—how long, I dare not say. And to-day her poets sing as sweetly as ever—so sweetly that Lewis Morris, another Carmarthenshire man, and the author of the Epic of Hades," has already been'dubbed the coming Poet Laureate, after Tennyson has sung his last song. Welsh. men have also made a very respectable mark in medicine. There is an old Welsh manuscript still in existence, I believe, entitled Medygon Myddfai," setting forth the status of Welsh medicine in the early centuries of the Christian era. Now, Myddfai is in Carmarthenshire, in close proximity to Llandovery and Rhandirmwyn.. We have also good reason for feeling prcud of the achievements of Carmarthenshire men in this country of our own adoption. The cele- brated Roger Williams, founder of the State of Rhode Island, was born in Conwil Cayo in the year 1606. Coming nearer home, I may mention that the coal industries of Luzerne and Lacka- wanna are managed and operated to an extensive degree by former residents of Carmarthenshire. The church, law and medicine have their votaries from among us, while a few of our representatives have adorned the Senate chamber and Legislative halls, without, I am proud to state, sacrificing one iota of the honour and self respect which characterises the Cymro wherever be goes. The meeting was closed by singing "Hen Wlad fy Nhadau." At 5.35 all left for their respective homes, well pleased with their day's outing. Another—but unknown — correspondent sends me the following account of the Chicags Cymmrodorion picnic taken from the columns of the Western British America When the ancient Britons were driven out of England by their conquerors, they were called Cymmry, which means original with the country," or aboriginal natives, and settled mostly in Wales. Those who associated together were called Cymmrodorion (which is the plural of Cymmrawd, or Cymmrodawr), meaning associates, fellows, or confreres. There is a Cymmrodorion Society in London (still retaining the double m), which has been in existence many years. And there is a Cymrodorion Society (with one m) at Utica, N.Y., which was an important Welsh settlement in the recent past. The richest and most important Welsh Society in America is the St. David's Society of New York City. Chicago has had its St. David's Society under the name of Cambrian Benevolent Society for many years, which holds a general pow-wow every St. David's Day, and a picnic every summer. Their last picnic was held at Clybourn Park on the 23rd ult., at which there was a very large attend- ance. Last fall, a Welshman with an ancient name (Samuel Job, of Pullman), and a recent arrival named William Apmadoc, together witjl Gwilym Eryri, Richard Jones, and others, organised a Cymmrodorion Socieiy in Chicago. It was fortunate in having a Welsh lawyer (D. V. Samuel) to join it and keep the members in something like order. They held a series of monthly meetings, and gave their first picnic last Saturday, at Island Park, Momence, where a fairly good number of Chicago's numerous Welsh residents attended. A band from the Illinois Steelworks furnished the music. A prize of *5 was divided between R. L. Owens and Tenorydd Machno for singing a basso piece. Rees Price (whose professional name is Ap Mawrth) won a gold-headed silk umbrella, first prize, and William Price a roll of music, second prize, for singing a tenor solo, March of the Men of Harlech." The first prize for soprano, Y deryn pur," was awarded to Mrs Thomas, and the second prize to May Jones, each being a volume of music. The oldest Welshman on the ground was Evan ■ Evans, now in his 76th year, and one of the first' Welsh settlers in Chicago. The oldest Welsh woman was Mrs H. R. Jones, in her 67th year. Altogether, the first Cymmrodorion picnic was considered a great success. The promoters are? thinking of getting up an Eisteddvod in connec-j tion with the World's Fair. It is not unlikely,.1 however, but that the Eisteddvodic Welshmen of other American cities, as well as Transatlantic ones, will unite in having a general Eisteddvod managed by representatives from various Welsh- societies, instead of leaving it under the -control! of the Chicago Cymmrodorion entirely. Llanarth, near Llandyssul, has a splendid; record politically and educationally. It has within the limits of the village a goodly- array of stout, enlightened politicians with the true Radical ring. Mr Morgan Evans,. Oakford, is one of the residents, and we know several others who, perhaps less publicly but none the less effectively, hold, up the flag of no surrender to the" in- tegrity of the Empire" party. Mr Morgan Evans is also chairman of the School Board, and his broad and Liberal policy has helped the schools to stand in the front rank of efficiency and attainments. At the last London Matriculation three of the scholars from the Llanarth Board Schools passed in the first division. Certainly this is a record that deserves to be made known. There has been reported the success of pupils from university colleges, grammar, and higher grade schools, but to win a record of the three firsts by a school in the heart of Cardiganshire is truly unique. For rural Wales to show such results is extremely gratifying, and stamps the head teacher- Mr John Rees-as an educator that would be an acquisition to the most progressive board in the land. A movement is on foot in Aberdare for the purpose of assisting the talented young sclptor, Mr D. Athan Thomas, to pursue his studies as a sculptor at South Kensing- ton. Readers will recollect that Mr Thomas took tfiree prizes at the National Eistedd- vod at Swansea. At Brecon and Wrexham he also took prizes for modelling in clay and sculpture. IT is perhaps a compliment to Wales that when one of her sons occupies the chair of the Congregational Union, the committee should invite an unusual number of his compatriots to appear prominently in the programme of the annual meetings. Dr HERBER EVANS will be the chairman at the approaching assembly at Southport, and the Rev T. EYNON DAVIES, who succeeds Dr GOODRICH as pastor of the premier Congregational Church in Scotland, is down to address two meetings. Mr S. T. EVANS, M.P., presides at one, and Dr. JOHN THOMAS, Liverpool, at another. The Revs PEDR WILLIAMS, WM. PIERCE, and RHONDDA WILLIAMS are also entered as speaking at the public meetings, while the Rev J. WILLIAMSON, of Cardiff, is to read one of the papers at the Assembly on "The Nonconformist Pulpit." On second thoughts, however, I see that the prominent position thus given to Welshmen is a compliment not to the Welsh Churches, but the English. Only one of the ministers named hails from Wales, and he is an Englishmen and pastor of an English church. Of the Welshmen, only one has charge of a Welsh church, and that is situated in England This is, it is true, a tribute to the abilities of Welshmen occupying English pulpits, but surely the Welsh churches of the Principality might well claim to be recognized. The Independent has recently been favouring its readers with an analysis of the speakers of the past ten years. From this analysis it appears that one-lialf of the speakers have delivered four-fifths of the speeches, and of the 160 speakers ten delivered one- fifth of the total number of addresses, and twenty delivered one-third. It is thus evi- dent that it was full time for the committee to infuse a little new blood into the Union programme and while congratulating Welshmen in England on the tribute paid to their worth, I would respectfully re- mind the Executive Committee that all the talent of the denomination is not confined to the English pulpit.

EFFECT OF ALCOHOL Dr Drysdale has given a facer to Dr Mortimer Granville, and it will be very interesting to see what the reply of the latter will be. Dr Drysdale states I wrote to the secretaries of a number of life assurance societies in London with regard to the comparative longevity of total abstainers from alcohol as compared with non- abstainers, and received from most of them a distinct opinion that at all ages of life the death-rate was lower among the total abstainers than among the non-abstainers. A paper was read by Dr Ogle at the Inter- national Medical CongTOfte last August, in which that gentleman gave a table of the mortality of dealers in liquors (25 to 65 years of age) from various diseases, com- pared with that of men generally of the same ages. The table showed that, whereas the mortality of men generally in this country from alcoholism was- 10, among liquor dealer the figure was 55. Similarly, whilst the mortality from liver disease among men in general was 39, it was 240 among liquor dealers. The mortality from gout was more than four times as great among liquor sellers as among ordinary men, whilst the figure for diseases of the ner- vous system was 119 among ordinary men, and 200 among liquor leaders. Taking the mortality from all diseases, Dr Ogle found the figure for liquor dealers to be 1;521, against 1,000 among men generally."

WHERE WE FOUND BILLY. Last Sunday Tom and I went over to Brooklyn, and went far into the outskirts, until oue by one the signs cf a rude and primitive civilisation dis- appeared, and we found ourselves wandering for hours through the depths of a primeval forest. At last we struck a trail which looked as if it might lead to an Unyamyemba settlement; and on following it up ran suddenly across an oddly attired individual. An old Derby hat, an orange and black blazer, skin-tight trousers, and tennis shoes with white canvas uppers, made a disguise under which we did not recognise our friend Billy Sherman. Can you tell me, sir-Why, hello, Billy I exclaimed. What in the world are you doing out here ?" "I live here," he answered. "Live here I" ejaculated Tom; "why, man :¡Jive, how long does it take you to get to the office ?" It takes just forty-five minutes, but I always allow an hour and a half, to cover possible delays," said Billy, simply. Now that we have met you, perhaps you can direct us," I remarked; we are looking for some quiet old village tavern, where we can sit on the breezy porch and rest." You'd much better come up to my place I'll provide the porch, and you can do the rest," said he. We're dying of thirst; is your drinking water perfectly pure ?" struck in Tom. per Finest thing in the world, if you're used to it but it's a little dangerous for strangers," was the appreciative response. I will see that you run no unnecessary risk," lie made haste to add. As we walked along, Billy expatiated on the advantages of suburban life. No one questioned his statements, but hegrew fiercely assertive. I only pay$300 a year rent used to pay a $1,000 in the city. Wife's health is better chil- dren never sick. Save$100 a month. Wearing out all my old clothes. See these trousers — made in '82 had this blazer in college won this hat on Harrison-" The Greater or the Less ?" asked Tom. The present President," returned Billy, with dignity there's my house, next to the one with the big iron dog in front." Ah, pretty place That your wife on the piazza ? said Tom. No, that's the nurse I've three youngsters." "By Jove! you have an awfully swell girl," said Tom, adroitly. As we spread ourselves -out in the big rattan chairs on the piazza* Billy enthusiastically chanted the charms of bucolic existence until it grew late in the afternoon and we rose to go. He seemed rather hurt Eft, r refusal of hit urgent invitation to dinner, but insisted on walk- ing two miles to the station with us. In spite of our protests, he waited forty minutes till our train came, and then stood and waved his hand to us until we were out of sight. Well," I remarked, Billy seems to enjoy the country." "Yes," returned Tom, with a quiet chuckle; but I notice he acts mighty glad to see some of his friends once in a while

_n- SUSCEPTIBLE TO DRAUGHTS. Why do yon keep-thaatlogteteil'tied ap?' Became it gives me such a chill when he wags m"

Members for Cardiff. Past and Present. CHAP. V.—FROM GEORGE II. TO THE REFORM BILL. The roll of members for Cardiff from the reign of George II. to the passing of the Reform Bill of 1832 were as named in the following list: Election. Name of Member. Monarch. 175* Herbert Windsor George II. 1741 Herbert Mackworth George II. 1747 Herbert Mackworth George II. 1754 Herbert Mackworth George IX 1761 Herbert Mackworth George HI. 1766 Herbert Mackworth 2nd George III. 1768 Herbert Mackworth 2nd. George III. 1774. Herbert Maekworth 2nd. George III. 1780. Sir Herbert Mackworth George III. 1784 Sir Herbert Mackworth, Bart.George IIL 1790. Lord John Stuart George III. 1794. Evelyn James Stuart. George III. 1796. Evelyn James Stuart George III. 1802.Lord William Stuart George III, 1806. Lord William Stuart George III. 180 7 Lord William Stuart George III. 1812.Lord William Stuart George IIL 1814. Evelyn J. Stuart George III. 1818.Patrick J. H. Stuart George III. 1820 W yndham Lewis George III. 1826 Patrick J. H. Stuart George III. 1830. Patrick J. H. Stuart George III. 1831.Patrick J. H. Stuart George III. At the beginning of the reign of George II Mr Bussey Mansell (the second) was still member for Cardiff. On his elevation to the House of Lords, the Hon. Herbert Windsor, son of Lord Viscount Windsor, was elected for Cardiff in May, 1734, and he continued to represent the borough until February, 1739, when be was called to the Upper House as Baron Mountjoy. The Windsors were a very notable family and ancient, being the stock from which the present noble owner of Cardiff Castle sprang. Their name seems to have been derived from the fact that Walter Fitz-Otho, their ancestor, was castellan of Windsor in the time of William I. In the reign of Edward III., Sir William Windsor, a personage of great military renown, married a lady still more notable-the celebrated Alice Peres, who, being a person of extraordinary beauty, was created "Lady of the Sun," and rode from the Tower of London through Cheap- side, accompanied with a great retinue of lords, knights, and ladies, each lady leading a lord or knight by his horse's bridle. Later, in the reign of Henry VIIL, Sir Andrew Windsor, of Stan- well, Middlesex, gave a great entertainment to the King, who was so pleased with Sir Andrew's seat at Stanwell that he determined to have it, and although the knight humbly protested against being deprived of an inheritance that had longTbeen in his family, the King angrily replied that "it must be," and Sir Andrew had to hand over the place intact, with the larders stocked with his Christmas provisions, and take in ex- change Bordsley Abbey and lands in Worcester- shire, which the self-created head of the Church had, by ousting the abbot, obtained at small cost. Sir Andrew found the exchange a good bargain, and his wealth increased at Bordsley. The Windsor family was an influential one when, nearly two centuries later, the Hon. Herbert Windsor was elected member for Cardiff. His father, Thomas, Lord Viscount Windsor, was member for the county of Monmouth in 1708. At the next general election in 1710 he was returned for both Monmouthshire and Bramber, in Sussex, but he chose to retain the former seat, which he continued to hold until he was created Baron Mountjoy in 1712, and entered the House of Lords. A brother of Baron Mountjoy, Mr Dixie Windsor, was the successor of Sir Isaac Newton in the representation of Cambridge Uni- versity, which constituency Mr Dixie Windsor continued to represent for 22 years. There are several portraits of the Windsor family in Cardiff Castle. Mr Herbert Mackworth, of Knoll Castle, Glamorganshire, was the Hon. Herbert Windsor's successor as member for Cardiff. He was elected four times, holding the seat from the 28th May, 1741, till December, 1765, vkem. he died, and was succeeded in the representation of the borough by his son, Herbert Mackworth, who was elected five times, his term as member for Cardiff extend- ing from the 2nd January, 1766, till the 10th August, 1790. He was created a baronet in 1776, and died in 1792. The members for Cardiff from the Restoration, as far as their opinions could be ascertained, appear to have been up to this time Royalists or Tories, but the Mackworths were men of opposite views. The old stock had been stout Parliamentarians during the Civil War, and the sons held to the traditions of the fathers. They were a Shropshire family, residing in the 17th century at Belton Grange, Bruce Meol, near Shrewsbury. During the Civil War Humphrey Mackworth was a colonel in the service of the Parliament, and having taken a conspicuous part in several battles was made Governor of Shrews- bury. There is an entry in the journals of the House of Commons in his honour as follows :— Resolved that notice be taken by the Parlia. ment of the fidelity and courage of Colonel Mack- worth, and that a chain of gold, with the medal of the Parliament, of the value of £100, be sent to Colonel Mackworth, Governor of Shrews- bury, as a mark of the Parliament's favour." He died during the interregnum, and was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey on the 26th of December, 1654 but, during the reign of Charles II. his remains were ignominiously taken from their resting place in Henry VII. Chapel, and thrown with several others into a pit in St Margaret's Churchyard. His second son, Sir Humphrey, was town clerk of Shrewsbury. He also held a commission in the Parliamentary army, and was member of Parliament for Shrewsbury. Sir Humphrey Mackworth, Kt., grandson of the above, was a celebrated lawyer. He married the daughter and heiress of Sir Herbert Evans, of Neath, and so he became possessed of estates in Glamorganshire, where he resided for many years, dying in 1737, It was his son Herbert who became member for Cardiff in 1741, and the seat remained in the family for 49 successive years. The Stuarts succeeded the Mackworths, and various members of that family were successively members for Cardiff, except in one Parliament, from 1790 till 1833. These members were all allied with the Whig party. The Stuarts were of the same stock as the Windsors earlier mentioned. John, the fourth Earl of Bute, was in 1776 advanced to the dignities of Baron Cardiff, of Cardiff Castle, Viscount Mountjoy, Earl of Windsor, and Marquis of Bute. His eldest son, Lord John Stuart, of Cardiff Castle, was in 1790 elected M. P. for Cardiff, when in the 23rd year of his age. He was married shortly after he was elected, and he died two years later, in 1794. He, however, left two sons. The eldest, John, on the death of his grandfather, became the second marquis, and the second (posthumous) Patrick, in later years became member for Cardiff. When Lord John Stuart was cut off in the flower of his age he was succeeded by his brother Evelyn James Stuart, who was elected for Cardiff when he was but 21 years of age. He was re-elected in 1796, and retained the seat until 1802, when he gave it up to his younger brother William, sixth son of the Marquis of Bute, who was elected for Cajfdiff in his 24th year. He was in the Royal Navy,"and at the age of 27 attained the rank of captain. He died in 1814, when but 36 years old, and the Cardiff seat thus vacated was again occupied by Lord Evelyn Stuart of Cardiff Castle, but he simply acted as warming pan, until his nephew Patrick, the posthumous son of the first of the Stuart members came of age. Lord Evelyn in 1818 vacated the seat to make way for Lord Patrick, as it seemed to be thought to be in accordance with the fitness of things that, at that juncture, he should take a seat m Parliament for the borough, where the head of the family, the Marquis of Bute, was exercising a great and beneficial interest. He, however, only represented the borough for two years at that period, although at a later date he was again elected. Mr William Lewis, barrister, of Green Meadow, Whitchurch, Glamorgan, was the next member for Cardiff. He, a staunch Tory, secured the seat at the General Election in March, 1820, but he retained it for only one Parliament, vacating it at the next General Election of 1826. The records of the time say very little about his public conduct, but the voting-lists in the Annual Register show that he was a steady supporter of the Conservative Ministry then in office. That is to say, he voted in all the important divisions with the Ministers but the division lists indicate that on many questions he did not vote at all; probably his engagements at the bar precluded his regular attendance in the House. He supported the Ministry in voting against the vote of censure for their action in advising the proceedings against Queen Caroline; he also opposed the motion in 1820 for the relief of the Catholics we also note the same year he voted against the repeal of the Malt Tax in fact the prevailing sentiment in Mr Wyndham Lewis mind seemed to be well expressed in the line- Whatever is, is best." In 1826, when he was beaten at Cardiff, he WM out of Parliament for a few months, but very soon a safe Conservative seat was found for this consistent Tory. In May, 1827, Mr J. W. Croker, an accommodating member, who had secured a seat for the small borough of Alde- burgh, Suffolk, accepted the Chiltern Hundreds, and Mr Wyndham Lewis, taking that seat, again entered Parliament. After representing that borough until Feb., 1829, Mr Lewis also accepted the Chiltern Hundreds in order to provide a seat for Lord Arthur Wellesley, the eldest son of the Duke of Wellington, who in that unheroic manner first made his entry into the House of Commons. From 1829 till 1632 Mr Wyndham Lewis was out of Parliament, but in the general election, which took place in December, 1832, he stood as a Cunservative candi- date for Maidstone, but for want of fifty more votes he was that time unsuccessful. He tried his fortune for the same borough again in 1835, and on that occasion had his reward by being placed at the head of the poll. In Sep- tember, 1837, he was re-elected for Maidstone, an election that was notable for the fact that his colleague was Mr Benjamin Disraeli, who then, after many unsuccessful efforts for the first time, entered the arena in which he afterwards played so conspicuous a part. In the following March Mr Wyndham Lewis died, and his widow, the daughter of Captain Viney Evans, R.N., was a year later married to Mr Disraeli, and was largely identified with his subsequent career, becoming the Countess of Beaconstield. Returning to 1826, when Mr Wyndham Lewis shook the dust of Cardiff from his feet, the borough representation again passed to the Stuart line, Lord Patrick James Herbert Crichton Stuart, of Cardiff Castle, securing the seat. He was re-elected in 1830 and in 1831. It is a note- worthy fact that in Cardiff, as was the case in a great many other constituencies, while the ques tion of Parliamentary reform was being agitated, a Tory could find no rest for the sole of his foot, but immediately the Liberal measure was passed there was a reaction. Many constituencies which were excited almost to the verge of riot on the subject of reform immediately afterwards re- turned Tories to Parliament. It was so at Cardiff, in the election that followed the enactment of the Reform Bill, Lord Patrick James Stuart was defeated, a Conservative taking the seat. ( To be continued. )

Samuel's Sentiments. SAMUEL ON ENJOYMENT. There is nothing so varied among the many foibles of humanity as enjoyment. The old adage has it that what is one man's meat is another man's poison," and it is equally so with enjoy- ment, for what may be the perfection of it to one man would be scorned by another. Like beauty, enjoyment is a pure matter of per- sonal taste, and a man's individuality has as much to do with his ideas of en- joyment as with anything else in which he is directly or indirectly concerned. His enjoyment is a thing he cannot share, it is part and parcel of his inner nature, and though his own enjoyment may con- duce to that of others it is none the less a separate and distinct sensation that affects him in some pecu- liar way that it does not them. Broadly speaking, enjoyment may be said to be an antidote to the bane HAS SO JCfTJOTMEHT. of labour, the sunlight which lightens up the minds and lives of men and women when they have laboured long and desire that variety which is said to be the best of rest. There can be no doubt that the much-talked-of "rational enjoyment is by far the best of any, but here again the individuality of the partaker thereof comes in again, and, before you can come to any logical conclusion on the subject, you will have to obtain from each and every individual his or her idea of what constitutes "rational" enjoy- ment. I should be inclined to put down as rational any form of enjoyment which did not go to excess. For enjoyment to be "rational it should pro- duce such an effect upon the participator m it that he or she feels the better for it. ENJOYS HIMSELF AD LIB. Enjoyment should strengthen men and women for the fight of 1ife and leave them with a keener appetite for the labours tbey perioral, even though those labours are self- allotted and optional. To my mind the most pleasant form of enjoyment is to be found in the regulation respite from the per- petual round of work which the busy man of to-day has to grind through at high pressure pace from one year's end to another. To spend a pleasant holiday far from the madding crowd, where the city's din is never heard and where the hard struggle for fame and fortune is as a thing unknown, is to me one of the most perkct forms of enjoyment any reasonable man can wish for. To those whose ideas of enjoyment are on a par with their ideas of life-which they consider ill' spent if slowly spent—it would be an interesting and forcible lesson to see how some of the resi- dents in the outlying country villages obtain the enjoyments of their lives. To them, Nature in its simple garb, is a never-ending source of enjoy- ment. The birds, the trees, the rivers, all afford their daily and hourly modicums of enjoyment to the folks whose lives are spent apart from lhe hum of the commerce-laden world where mef make fortunes and where women spend them. A SOURCE OF ENJOYMENT. These simple-minded people require no pick me-ups to assist their jaded appetites, and nr new sensations to entice them to the enjoyment of even life itself. No, their lives are so ordered that they find an enjoyment all around them, and their enjoyment is of a kind their pleasure- surfeited brothers of the town know nothing of. French people have it that the English takf their pleasures sadly, and have no idea of th, reality of enjoyment. The first illusion would be rudely shattered if to fay Parisian were to run over to Margate or tro' own to Blackpool on a holiday time. He wow find an absence of sadness in the atmosphere tha< would not only remove entirely his erroneous im pressions, but would, in all probability, startle hi, weak nerves. 1 am no advocate of the form of enjoyment indulged in by sea-side excursionists—the Fstei forfend-for I hold it in abhorrence. Yet is i form of enjoyment in which those who indulge ic it find their pleasure, and I am not certain in my own mind that they do not extract as much, i: not more, pleasure from their rough-and-tumble racketing than do their more rational and less exuberant fellows. I hold it to be part and parcel of man's duty to enjoy himself to the full extent of his opportuni- ties with all reservation that in so doing he does not prevent others from doing the same, or does not neglect his trade, profession, or calling. Enjoyment is the salt of life, and if we were deprived of it the old query, Is life worth living," would have to be answered in the negative. THIS IS NOT ENJOYKX SAMUEL: HIS SENTIMENTS.

You will have to give me another room, J guess," said a Congressman to the hotel clerk What's the matter aren't you comfortabb where you are?" "Well, not exactly. Thai German musician in the next room and I don't get along well. Last night be tooted away on hit clarionet so that I thought I never would get to sleep. After I had caught a few winks I was awakened bv a pounding at my door. W hat's the matter I asked. Of you please," said tlm German, dot you vould schnore of der same ken. You vas go from B flat to G, un it echpoila dot tboosio."