The Cardiff Times

SUNCLAD TOBACCO IS the Best. Try It.

!i WORKMEN'S TOPICS. i BY MABON, M.P. THE HOUSE OF LORDS AND LABOUR LEGISLATION. All's Well That Ends Well. Our prophecy A■> to the treatment the Labour question would receive at the hands of the House of Lords has been fulfilled. The Lords, when they feel inclined, can give. consent to quite an impossible array of Bills during the course of one brief sitting True, such a happy (spirit of concord is not always displayed when Biiis originated in the Lower House arc seat up by the Liberal party, especially when they cortain disputing elemenls bearing upon the iu- terest of either Capital, the Church, or the Tory party. However that may be. at the latter end of the week before last the Lords contrived to illow several Bills of iirst importance to Labour, amongst them being the Merchant Shipping Bill the Trades Disputes BUI. and friends of the former of these Bills will be glad :o know hat it returned to the House of Commons practically unaltered. And even the latter-the Trades Disputes BilJ-wa3 ultimately returned in the same way, when it was finally rJeait with- However, much individual members of his Majesty j oppo-mg forces may hare disliked the Bi-1, and however strong their prote fcs against it in the friendly columns ."•f The Times," and other To. y organs, their criticism of it stopped short cf any actual destructive effects—thus that Trade Union aieasure—fo." t hat is what it is-was on the whole uneventful—the only amendment that has *ctuaiiy failed to receive the consent of the House of Commons was sent back in the same rharacter, was the one that admits the words- Peacefully and ;u reasonable manner," as a 'ondit.iou of picketing. Few people, one marines, would have objected to the retention Jf words were they capable of one simple nIcrorelation. But practice io the Law 'ourtshad prot-ed that such in the past had been impossible. So many different iegal interpretations can- and have'been placed on the word peaceably, and on in a rea- sonable marine: th;it the only sensible way and the sure way to avoid endless litigation on he subject is to leave it. alopc-Jeayc the phrase out of the Bill altogether. Ultimately a way out of the difficulty was found, aDd the Bill paired Loth Houses practically without altera- The Workmen's Compensation Bill. I At the same sitting, on Frida y aiternoon, the claim- of Labour came up for consideration on hc second reading debate of tho V> oristoen. » '^oaipoas.aticm B;Lii. A detailed discussion on -he principles of the measure was promised s'hen the Bill came up again in the Coram,-lee stage. And in consequence, only one of the new points was then raised-that was by the Earl oi Camperdown, who asserted that the reccgmt:on of the claims of the illegitimate I rhild was the introduction of the most impor- tant change in the law. There overy prac. ..ical ;1 s^ribi e rr-ati w-tb his P the justice ofdepriT". ■ng a blameless child (torn receiving the same benefit is otbe't; children, solely because of the un5 of their -parents. In Scotland all such ihiidren arc made legitimate on the marriage ff the parents. Even ill tJii-i country the State already recognises the claims ill the illegitimate hild by ordering cue parent to support the itlier and it is but simple carrying the prin- riple io its logical conclusion bv assuring as his Bill now doe. that no loss of sustenance should be felt by thi* helpless child through ihe death of its bread-winner But more than hat, to deny compensation to a dependent rkomau and child in such a case, is almost invariably to transfer the obligation of sup pori. from the insnrcd employer to the already heavily-burdened rates. And to add to the un- avoidable and unpleasant stigma of bastardy, the avoidable tigma of poor relief would be an unnecessary cruelty. Ail this however is a minor issue The principal fact to note is that not only on that occasion, but on the occasion of its passing the Committee stage the Labour Bill was allowed to pass practically without change. Hence, All's well that ends well." New Bill for Accident Companies. Peahrg with one of the logical concisions of r-'o the new\V:"Jrk:-nen\; Compensation Act the wf her week, I urged the necessity of some kind of safe national insurance scheme being pre. nared, so that the compensation duo to the poorer classes of workers should lo" secured 'hem from small employers, and one now finds hat such a contingency is bein largely pro- vided for, though not exactly the one really wanted. The Employers' Inability Insurance Companies Act, which is to come nto opera- tion on July L;t, 1907, will go far to meet the case, as small employers and householders engaging domestics will hare to assure their "mployees so as to enable them in case of injurv to meet their liabilities and the amended Act. It was felt to he an anomalous state of affars that, whereas an individual or company could legally issue a policy, however small. on the life of a person without first depositing £ 20.000 ith j he Accountant General of the Court of Chancery, any concern call r.g itself an acci. iert insurance company was allowed to lake provisions for the insurance of heavy risks under the Workmen's Compensation Act, for instance—without depositing a penny. But this will be altered when this new statute romes into force. for it enacts that the provi- sions of the Life Assurance Companies Acts, 87n to 1S72, "hall apply to every company, whether established before or after the passing of the Act, which carries on within the United fvir.gdora the business of insuring the em- ployers against liability to pay compensation for-daace:: to workmen in their crnployment," and exempts existing companies only those that hcvro already made a deposit pursuance of the A ct cf 157\ and those who -in prove to the :;ai:ii.ct:on of the Board nf Tnoe that tho fands already set apart and "ecr-ed forJ he satisfaction of claims of crnploy- in-.it; J by ihe company amounts to £ 40,000. Then? no doubt that leg slation of the rooxnrtor there indicated is urgently required u view of the opnroa::hing entiy of the ,.Vor*i.n.'3 Compensation Act, and the inevit- able. iti-uygle betwen companies old and new tho wo millions nr so of new premiums w'.i.'ch vUl bo distributed among the accident D;?Iv-3. Salutary Effects. \c Tnny be sure that this new Act, when it *oi:io>- into force, will have no less salutary ,)!fr:t; !1POU accident companies, upon accident •:s:»raQc«» competition, than was produced by ihe 'Art of1378 on life assurance business. And it is only tho deposit of £ 20.030, retained by: h ;• Govern"aent until fund of -f.40,000 has ruv-u c simulated out of premiums, which will hiw a v.vuihle effect. True, that provision alone wouid keep bogus companies and unsub- ?i; intia; concerns out of the field alter next June. A many companies coul l have such & wi as that deposited and be insolvent alt the same. Where the regulations of the Life Aa-mrtnee Cemnanie.s Act will apply most affectively vi!! be in cecrard to the preparation stml publication of-annua) accounts and the I' periodica' valuations of assets and liabilities. It i (io«;o provisions, backed up by the one ivhjeh states that the Court may order the winding up of any company in accordance with tho Companies Act, ISS2, on the application of or oohrv-hoHcT3 or shareholders, upon its being proved to the salisiantion of the C- irt tl.-it the eompanv is insolve.it, &e. hák.,t a, Jy this new piece of legislation should he hailed with satisfaction by at: ooncerced, 1L:1.1 not least of all. by workers of the •oimtry, who can now feel that the Par lament hich sought to and has considerably improved •he prpviftioo* of the Compensation Act, —— 1 and also added some tsvo millions more of their number to receive the thereof, wdl have m providing this new Bill for accident companies done equally a good thing, for unless something very much out of the common will happen in any employment the injured employee will have secured to him all the compensation due and which had been provided for him under the provisions of the amended Workmen's Compensation Act. It is, indeed, meet that the workers of the country should, as they really do, feel gi-atetul that -t the present moment there is in power a Government that in the way they have had the Workmen's Compensation Act amended have proved their practical sympathy with the injured workers of the country, and in their demcanour towards the Trades Disputes Bill and other measures, and a similar disposit.ou with regard to ail reasonahicLabour legislation, with an honest desire to grant Trade Unon fund" una'unity from the grab of prosecuting emplovers of labour. May this year's work be closed by my wishing all the readers of the "South Wales Daily News" A Merry Christmas and" A Happy New Year."

.= MUSIC IN WALES. T By D. EMLYN EVANS. THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE HYMN-TUNE "CAERSALEM." This is one of the tunes, known best to some readers perhaps by the words of the refrain Diolch Iddo, that became excepctona.ly popular at last year's revival meetings. But it had already made itself an ab'duig place in the majority of our Welsh tune-books and enything connected with its genesis and history cannot, therefore, fail to appeal to those interested in the question of psalmoay. Probablv we can lay no claim to very ancient chorales" and the large majority of tho->e that have come down to us as the produc. o. the great revival—so it Is surmised, and we think not without reason—usually bear the stereo, typed legend, Alaw Gymre^g imprinted in the right hand corner generally devoted o the author's name, or failing it to the source whence the tune has been drawn. That legend docs not indicate a prolific and talented composer." as some learned wri ers seem ,0 have assumed it merely informs the simple Welshman that the tune, or the melody of a tune so labelled is a Welsh air. And unfortunately, as already intimated, that is all the information we possess and am impart in connection with most of our olden tunes. "There is nothing new in the history of such things both in regard to the national songs of peoples'or their sacred chorales—where titev possess treasures. In both English and Continental collections of psalmody, many of the ancient melodies are attributed to an authorship which is highly problematical, and more oriels often distinctly incorrect. No doubt many of our old sacred melodists were illiterate men uome probably unable to write, the melodies being thus hmded down orally— and pretty certainly altered in the process re- edited, as it were, by the people. Perhaps these songsters of olden time saug because they must —from mere love of the thing caring but little for the preservation of their own insigni- ficant names. It may be that some of their successors have perceived a way to redress the balance," by claiming for themselves :or their friends the authorship of tunes written and known before they were born. The Musioo-Historical Bookworm is consequently prepared to give a warm-I welcome to a.ny evidence of authorship that. I L- incontr'1' 'ertible— or. s trong and bound to convince all reactraablsmea. We boliere'^hai soma aervtce can be done yet in this connection regarding a portion of our old hymn tunc: Something satisfactory has been already accomplished during the past few years and now we are glad that Mr JSleazar iflober'?, Hoylake (late of Liverpool) is able to furnish us with interesting datafonncctedwtth" Caersalem." Sometime ago Mr Roberts imparted the information that John Edwards, who had led the singing for many years at Bedfoxd-street Chapel, Liver- pool. and subsequently at. Princes-road, had told him that the author of the above tune was old Robert Edwards," who bad been his pre- decessor. That was accepted as fairly conclu- sive, and it did not appear probable at the time that the matter could be carried any further. Now, however, Mr Eleasar Roberts is able to write us stating that quite accidentally the other day, while turning the pages of the Drvsorfa for January, I860. he saw the report of a presentation made to Robert Edwards at Bedford-street Chapel, in which he read that the chair was taken by the Rev, John Roberts, who called upon the con- gregation to sing the tune that wa: by that time very well known throughout the country, and which was composed by Mr Edwards, viz., Caersaicm,'to the words Dechreu We think our esteemed correspondent is quite I right in saying that the above facts place the question beyond all doubt and musical Wales is indebted to him for another not unimportant service. 3is credentials need no displaying before Welsh tnnsiDians, especially those as- sociated with the tonic sol-fa system, and which would practically include onrchorn.I and congre- gational singers almost bodily. But brodyr pob cerddorion." and all Welsh musical lovers, irrespective of notation, will feci obliged to the father of Welsh tonic soi-fa for his Drysorfa" discovery concerning the composer of Caersaleni New Music Received. The following publications are to hand and; will receivc more extended notice in due course;-From the B. F. "ood Music Co.. London, Inventions," Three pianoforte <-ket.-hes," "Gavotte," •'Barcarolle," Why do I lore you Evening Love Song," Hold TVm mv Hand." "Luilaby of tho Night," and Fishermen of England" Metsler and Co., London* "Our Dcar Old Country, Wales p. Jenkins. )Il..Bac., Aberystwyth,' "Lead. Kindly Light and Adgofion Rosser Evans, Resolven, Jesu, Lover of JTy Soul." Ger T ^on- God Shall Wipe Away All Tears," and O. ce ^ddwn 5 hy Ii. Rhedynog Price, "Abide With Me Daniel Prothoroe, Harvesters' Hush Song D. Evans Saint eto'n fyw F.' Kd-wards 'Mus.Bac (Pedr AJaw), Edwards Psalmra-r "a collection of over 300 chants, etc.: W. Rhys-Herbert, Syhia an operetta in tWO acts, I

Both Professional. Sceno • Railway carriage on the North Bri. tish Railway on the day the King of Spain visited M—— Enter a gentleman with a ga.mebsg and case °teeman (to passengers, enthnsiasticaUy): Beautiful port 60 birds m under two hours, and only missed two shots, A quiet ecntlehian sitting in the corner put down his paoer. rushed across the compart, ment, and grasped him warmly by the hand. Allow r. to congratulate you, sir. I am a professional myself. Professional sportsman ?" No professional liar." Pointed Pars, A chcerful view of life is mightily promoted by a girod digestion and something to digest. Most men propose because thev somehow feel that it is expected of theru. There are figures and figures, as any woman can explain in a jifiy. When a nagging wife drives !-oj- husband to drink, hc l usually a rwg that is very willing to be driven. Here is the difference Though pleasure is work, work is just work Some imaginations ire so strong that the possessors have to wear ballast in tneir shoes to keep imagination irom soaring off the earth with them Superstition comes in to help bolster up the structure when common sense gives out. It is easy enough to originate a good idea, but the trouble comes in when you try to get thick-headed people to endorse it. I t costs two sets of nerves and all the money that a man and woman can find to raise a family. Reform sefems to le rpedel everywhere except in our own intimate vicinity. true patriot is a man who represses his us and doesn't lry fo sua e his country. Mr Misfit: No use trying lo explain things ¡ to a woman ^lie can't understand scientific terms. Now, here's .— Mrs Misfit Oh, yes I can, Charles. Heredity is whit a man blames his father for, and environment is what he l blaipes his wife and children for.

Illustrated Humour. The Candid Critic. IIlia. do you think of my last story in the magazine ?" asked the would-be author. "• I think you were wise to make it your last,' replied his friend. Not to Blame. Oratoiy is a gift, not an acquirement," proudly, said the new member of the school debath.g ae he sat down after making a weak speech. I understand," said one of the other mem- bers. "e'r uot I)Iainin' you. fou did the best you couid." Pure. Is this pure milk:" said the inquisitive lady customer. Yes." replied the milkman we sell the cream separately Prescribed a Curelet The poetic girl and her brother were spend- ing a holiday at the seaside. Oh. see that exclaimed the girl in a sad- den bur-st of rapture. Gee what," inquired the matter-of-fact youth. Why, see that little cloudlet, just above the wavelet, and so like a tiny leaflet dancing o'er the scene." Oli, come," said the brother, not having a taste for such flowery la .guage, you had better go out to the pumplet in the yardlet and soak yuur little hcadlet." M'Ph^rsoil's Character- Ft; Sc; Whs. k.n' o' uiia is M.' Flier- son' Second Scot A jgey queer kin' o' man. I went to his hoo,e and lie as kit lXiet" tak' some whusky When he. began to poor it oot J said Stop! top!' and he stoppit Th&t's the 1. o' man he is!" The End of the World. Mrs Jones A man in this paper says that the world will come to an end next Christmas Dav." Mr Jones Oh After dinner. I hope." The. Cook's Worry; Mrs Money "I'm sorry, but my husband wants to breakfast ro morrow at 5-30. Ccok Ob, it, won't be any trouble at all, mum. if be don't knock nothin' over whoiie cookin' it, an' wake me up." An Ideal Governess. Fond Mother ■ How do yov. like vour new governe.js, Johnny?" Johnny Ob, 1. like her ever ^o m'icli. I am so glad my little boy has a nice teac',I,r at laf-t 11 Oh. she's awfully nice She savs she don't rare whether I learn anything or iaot, go long as father pays her her salary." Hereditary. Ma • Now. Johnny, har- n't f told vou that little boys must be seen and not heard Johnny Yes, ma." Ma Then why do you talk so much ?" Johnny: "I expect I must have inheri- ted it. A Case in Point. Box I believe in keeping evervthinc' in its place." J Cox So do I. but were you ever seasick ?" A Theorv. Boy What's time, Mister 1'' The Major (thinking to inculcate good man. ners): If what ? It what, my boy Boy If you've got a watch." Was it at the Langtiege ? Bad tempered g.)\f player (to his caddie) Stand still, you little imp, and don't make that noise." Caddie I were tanding still. 'Twere only my ears a-flap[)ing." The Young Idea. A very small boy was asked, "What is steam He thonht a minute and said Steam is dried water." Head of Family I want t leave tny pro* perly to my two sons—-one-tenth to my elder son, John Butts, and nine-tenths to my younger son, Royal Chesterfield Montgomerydo Peyster Butts.—-Family Lawyer il'i'll Do you think that's quite fair ?—Head of Family Yes, I must make some kind of reparation to Royal for allowing his mother to give him snch a name.

¡ Welsh Tit-Bits. ¡ Neu VVreichion Oddiar YI" Eingion By CADRAWD. GLAMORGANSHIRE'S FIRST PRINTING PRESS. In our last article we found that the bailiffs had taken possession of the printing press owned by Mr liees ThomSo at Cowbridge in 1777—"bhvyddyn y tair caib," as the old people used to call it. In Daniel Walters' Dia.ry (the second son of the Rev. John Walters), which he kept when a boy at. school in the year "1777-3, we have the following entry :— Tuesday, May 13tb. 1777, Mary Lewis-called upon us on her way to Cowbridge, whjther I went, accompanied by her, my mother, and H. the Bailiff. Wednesday. May 14th. to the printer's office to seize the goods. Mrs Thomas, after sending C. backwards and forwards many times,came with tears hi her eyes to entreat my father to come to Cow bridge. He went, and the goo is beng appraised, bought them. These fragments, of a schoolboy's diary were carefully bound up in a small volume, was ex. tant in 1880, and but is now lost, having been, as I understand, lent to some one ^ho had forgotten to return :t, and probably never wilj. The story they tell is almost as interest- ing as if they had been from -the daily journal of one of the family of the Vicar of Wakefield. They present a charmingly simple picture of the domestic lif-e of a Welsh county clergyman more than a hundred and thirty years ago. Henceforth, after Mr Walters had become the owner of the press, we might suppose that the work of printicg the dictionary would move forward without a. hitch- Sot o; eighteen months passep. in which no great progress is made, aud Mr Writers finds that much as he has done, he is still expected to io more, and finds his work neglected in the end. In- Januiry, ii79, he thus complaitis to his friends in London: I am vexed to tell you how slowly the press <joes on with the work, while the printer suffer;, every insignifiant job to break in upon mine, for no other reason that I can assign but that he is ungrateful, and thinks I must now continue with him tho' he uses me ever so ill. Ho promises now indeed to go on more expeditiously,and I sincerely assure you that I aiH, and shall be, very uneasy in my mind till I have it in my power to inform you (hat the 12th numbet ;s published, which I hope will not be many weeks hence. This number will take in part of n." The text lptter is dated Aprd JO;h, 1779 No doubt," he says, you .have seen Rees Thomas, the printer, who ip in town, to be at the determin- ation of his law suit, which has been so long impending, and there is reason to hope t 'will be determined in his favour. The press is no.v going, pretty briskly, hope it n-ill not b. long before you receive the 12tb number-" On May 7th be again writes Mr Thomas's wearisome law suit, so often on tlje point of being settled, is still faj from being del ermined,' aud. what js more sad, requires money to carry it on. Some request had been made on his behalf by Mr Owen Jbaes, to whom this letter is addressed., Hr Walters could not in prudco comply with. And he there -goes 'tin ■ Thomas knows the stale of mj- affairs,' and t112 L it, would be highly imprudent in (he embarrassed state of my engagements to rirk any- j thing. I shall be obliged to apply to Mr OWén Jon<& for the small cum in his hands to buy • paper, &c., for the Dictionary (12th No ) The Pre&s» whicu h ad bden going briskly, received, 3 i. ehort check for want of j^, which ts now ?rr:ved- I wish Mr thoft -^rrn.; at home, but w sh also that ha may' bring his affairs in Londoo 'to successful issue.lay. God bless yon, and -remember you, for your unwearied kindness to me." The twelfth, number, so long talked of. at last comes out, but three years have to pass before No 13 appears. On the 12th August, 17S2, 3Ir Walters writes thus to London The apologjf for the slowness of the publication will be found on the wrapper of the number. It is my misfortune that I am obliged to inako so many apologies, as to be in danger of exhausting the patience of disinterested friend- ship itself. In those good old days of more than a century ago they took matters leisure- ly; even people ss embarrassed in circumstances as poor Bees Thomas did so. ft is not' until January. 1783, that he bestirs bimsejf for the effort of bringing out No. 14. On the 10th dav of thai, month the arrival of the paper for that number is acknowledged, but coupled with the sad confession that Alas Now we are out of ink In is erident j hat- we cannot get on without tho assistance of Mr Jones, and but slowly with it. I must ask the favour of you to get. from Mr Clackwell, in Wood's Close, a ctsk of ink, of the value Qf 15s, and send it down by the Swansea coach directed to Mr Rces Thomas. Printer, Cowbridge." A blank of ten occurs in the cor- respondence, broken by but. one letter, which bears dale 4th October. 17'J0. We do not be- lieve that communication between the parties was suspended dur.ng this long period, but that the letters for those years b- accident, either been lost or destroyed- Possibly the Tetters were net so numerous jo these years as in the former, for in this pr:rrved letter Mr Walters alluded to a domestic trouble and affliction which has taken placed fifteen months before in his family- The letter is a most sad and mournful one and it will be necessary to our understating it, that we take a momentary glance at the Walters family. Five sons had been born to Mr Walters--John, Daniel, Henry. William, and Lewis. The two elder boys and V. liii-LLII were exceptionally gifted, and their great talents were perfected by carefully direc- ted and assiduous study. The promise of their early life was all thafc could gladden, the heart of a. father, particularly a father of scholarly tastes. John and Daniel appear each to have earned distinction at Oxford, Both took orders. John became Fellow of his college (Jesus}, and ouieklv after the head- Both took orders. John became Fellow of his college (Jesus}, and ouieklv after the had. mastership of Cowbridge grammar School before he was twenty-five yeavS oi age. He had resigned this for the better appointment of Ruthin, in North Wales, where he married, and l rd a very active life- He was succeeded at Cowbridge by his brother Daniel, ll. 1785. WMiam had not passed by the University, but the promise 01 his opening powers was even greater than that of his brothers. T. pca those bright hopes a blight of sorrow suddenly fell, and blotted them out for ever- The three sons died almost in the space of two years.and the bereaved father was loft in a manner deso- late. The two sons spared were not quick- witted. No woudcr then that in the years 1789 and 1730 the pen of the poor old clergyman was" laid aside. His .letter of September, 1790, to his friend ju London is evidently written in reply to that friend's condolence to him. The affliction is not mentioned in any nearer- form than. as "strike upon stroke." be himself broken in mind -tnd broken. Yet a tone of pion!; resignation pervades it through- out. Time, which assuage all griefs, in a greater or less degree brought some surcease from sorrow to Mr Walter.?, but the dictionary, which has been, so to say. the work of hit life, is sidl incomplete age is creeping on—has, indeed, overtaken him, and an effort must be made to finish it. (To be Contirmecj). New Year's Morning. Tn some par's of (he counlrv. even now, bands of boys are paid to go out early on New Vear's morning to people's houses, knocking up some of the inmates, and entering the rr-e mi-es. The orthodox plan Wits for man or boy to enter at the back door and go through the rooms on the ground-fioor a-id out through the frontdoor. It the family should be ali away from home on a New Year's mornirg, to ensure iuck throughout the year it was neces- sary tha. a strange man or boy should be em- ployed to open the door and let the family in. In the old climbing boy days chimneys were swept on New Year's morning, so that one of the right sex should be the first Jo enter. If I Year's Day should be the washing day, taken that, a man should enter and be j let out be.iore the washer-woman came. At Preston it is eon-'dcred lucky for fair- haired man to enter, or be the first foot on New °ar s Day whereas at Blackburn, only about ten miles away, the prepossession is in favour 1 a ds» V- camnlexion. The Christian name 0. I the first foot again was important in some places, especially to unmarried persons, for the Christian name of the first person you see of the opposite sex on that day would be the name of your future husband or wife. In one place in the North of England it s unlucky to take anything out of the house unti something had been brought m. It was generally believed in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland that the tires should be kept in through the night of New Year's Eve. and to let it burn out betokened bad luck through the ensumg year. Price of Milk in London 300 Years Ago. It is Stow, the eminent English antiquary's, consideration of minor matters that renders his book so valuable to the students of bygones. In illustration of this we may note from his surveyof London Near adjoining the Abbey of t Clare, on the south side thereof, was a farm belonging to the said nunnery, at which farm I myself in my youth have fctched many a half-pennyworth of milk, and never had less than thive ale pints for a half-penny in the summer, nor less than one ale quart for a haif- penny in the winter, always hot from the kine, as the same was milked and strained Stow worked at his trade as a tailor until he was forty years of age after that be devoted all his time to antiquarian pursuits. He was the Ergiisli lolo Morgan svg. ¡

TALKS ON HEALTH. ¡ By DR. ANDREW WILSON. I Winter's Chill. Now that the winter season is fairly upon us. it may not be inappropriate if I venture to make some practical remarks regarding our warmth in the winter season 'and the best mode of maintaining our bodilv heat. A very great, deal in the way of health depends upon the maintenance of our temperature, and o this one may add the avoidance of snd- den changes of temperatuie such as bring upon us the effects attributed to cold and chill. effects may hI" as we know, of very far reaching order". We are luck> if wo escape with a simple cold, many of us not be- ing so fortunate, and iinding" that a chill lands us m an attack of inflammation of the lungs or pleurisy. In the first-place it suould be noted that very erroneous ideas are apt to be entertained by many persons regarding the sources of our bodily heat. When a man puts on an overcoat he p obably considers that in some way or another the additional garment has the effect of producing heat. The overcoat in such a case is thus assumed to be the source of the additional beat, but this, howetrer, is not the ease. We should at once and for all recognise that we ourselves, that is to say our bodies, represent the source of all the heat we enjoy. The human bodv might more correctly be regarded in one of its most important lights as a heat produc- ing machine. We should also take into *:c- eous-.t tbe important fact that when heat is produced it is associated with the manufac- ture of energy which is the power of doing our work. Heat and Food. The real source of all the heat we roanu- actiue is, of course, the food we eat- If we starve a. man we find his temperature gradu- ally docliues. and if lie dies his death whl be directly duo to cold. Indeed, in the case of a. man perishing from some disease which prevents him from taking food, the physician can predict that lie will die when his tem- per. tare is lowered to 3. given pom All r foods may be regarded in a measure as con- trSbutirg 19 the development, of working power and therefore of heat, but certain of them stand out in greater prominence in res- per:tof heat production that, others. Pri- marily wo may place fats, whilst cice ly re- lated to fats as heat producers we find starches and sugars. These three classes of foods are termed and scientifically known as non-nitrogenous article?, b^csuf A thd elen-cVct nitrogen found in flesh foods is absent from them. Wit, may readily p- preciating these facts why it is that in the colder regions of the world a, fatty dietary is much sought after and used in contradistinc- tion to the lighter dietary on which the in- habitants of warmer countries subsist. Soma Conclusions. Applying these facts to the preservation of our boctil, heat in the cold season of the year, we therefore note tat.4t is of the greatest; im- portance to us to see that an increased amount, of fatty foods included in our diet. It may be also bourne in mind that whilst the chief use of fat taken as a food is to develop heat, and energy; this food also accomplishes certain other functions in the body, and it is a -1 accepted belief of physiology that unless a sufficiency of fat, be represented in our diet ep the other foods on which we subsist cannc-t be perfectly assimilated. In the ease of weakly persons an additional amount of fat added to the food in winter is even more. essential than in the case of healthy persons. Many children, for example, unt too obu-,t. feel the winter's cold in no slight degree, and the condition of these children would be very much improved not merely as regards their heat production, but also in the rr«after Of their general nourishment if mothprswould be careful to give1 them twice a day after IleaJs a. little cod liver oil emulsion, or what is equally if not more valuable as f building up food, a HC: Virol. This iatter food I may mention is now universally used by medical men. and has proved of extreme j value in building up the frame of infants and adults whose state, owing to want of- proper nouri-diment, was perj'ous m the extreme. Christmas Pudd Ing. I P.ememberiEg that we arc near the festive season of the year it may-be well to remark that the ordinary Christmas or plum pudding represents in itself an extremely nitrogenous article of diet. Its composition is, of course, rich, but not too much c. ha.ving regard to the active digestion of the younger genera- tion. A slice of cold Christmas pudding forms in fact a very satisfying element in any meal. Hence mothers may regard the time- meal. Hence mothers may regard the time- honoured item in the Christmas fare with somewhat kindlier feelings than thev have hitherto bestowed upon it I-have no doubt- the younger generation will thank me in some meesure at least for thus showing forth the nutritive qualities which reside in their favourite Christma.s dish. Chilblain!?. In ti is season of the year chilblains are apt to be extremely troublesome- People as a rule do not recognise fliat a chilblain represents a form of skin trouble which is really caused by a- local inflammation of the affected pari by the destruction of the skin layers connected vm therewith. Doubtles^ there is some condition of body which favours the appearance of chil- blains in one person, whilst his neighbour es- capes. Probably th condition in question is that which may most popularly be described by the phraset run down state of health, although it must also be remarked that people who habitualbv* suffer from weak or defective circulation are more liable to suffer than those whose blood flows freely and fnliv through their tissues. In the ire at ment of chilblains, and what is also important to the point in the matter of their prevention, we should be careful t o see that the bodily health is kept well up to par. The hint regarding the use of a fatty dietary in winter may be borne in mind, and a sufficient amount of warm body clothing with particular atten- tion paid to the state of the feet and to see- incr that they are kept dry and warm may be regarded as forming the chief point eon-4 -ietit we cerned in the prevention of the ailment we are considering- A friend of mine has a firm belief in the efficacy durmg winter of wash- ing the feet frequently in a strong solution of salt-by way of preventing chilblains, his experience being to the effect that ho has not suffered since he adopted this plan. I should imagine that the effect of the salt application would, be i.hat of in some way or other render- ing the skin less liable to attack. Chilblain cures of course, extremely numerous. A satisfactory lotion which may bedaubed on the chilblain with cotton wool and allowed to dry. is; composed of equal parts of soap lini- ment and tincture of cantll arides, Another good application consists of two ounces of spirits of camphor, one drachm of tincture of capsicum, rn(,, drachm of tincture of cannabis indira, and one drachm of cajaput oil. These ingredients are to be mixed together and the liniment should be frequently rubbed into the affected part, success n euro being most likely to be obtained when this treat- ment is early commenced. All these lotions will, of course, be labelled For outward use only." Soms Other Hints. If the inflammation continues and blisters form, it is best to snip the blisters with a pair of clean scissors and to apply some simple ointment to the part. A simple boracic ointment will be effective, or an ounce of zinc ointment may be combined with two drachms of tincture of benzoin and four drachms of lanolinc.

+--+- n_+_ u "f:l:. :1 fir.e tree; ho- many bushe' o pears were gathered from it this year [ don't know, 1 own the tree voi,, have to ask b-o, s of il)c, Did-you come out well on Christmas morn* ing. Tommy I" Yeth, thir- I got more things than any of my brotherth or thithers." Indeed How did that come ahout" I got up two hours before they did."

Fashion and Things Feminine, By MISS IDA MELLER. A Braid-Trimmed Costume. In Paris, it is the day of the re iingote, made chiefly of cloth, but also of velvet. The red- ingote is best carried off by a tall figure the short woman is better suited by a bolero coat. An elegant red ingot e costume turned out by a i rench firm is of elephant-grey cloth. the coat- iroats. when worn open, displaying a high belt of soft black satin. A touch of bisck with grey is generally a wise choice, such as, for instance, a collar of black velvet on a gi ey redingote, or a black bat worn with a light grey costume. The French dressmaker is very fond of sober- ing down a brightly coloured dress with a note of blick. Concerning tailor-mades, silk-braid is relied on almost mote than anything else for their decoration this season, and is used in a very wide width. The coat and skirt sketched is cf dark blue cloth, and trimmed with black I, silk braid, the bands on the skirt arranged to g>ve a three-tier effect. This costume is -in excellent model for skating purposes. The skiit might really consist of three dn-p flounces, each one bordered with braid. Plaid cloths arc still fashionable, but nractically the only ones j adopied for dress purposes are those in dark green and bine. What becomes of the brighter tartans—the scarlet varieties—one sees in shop windows is a q uestion to which it would be in- teresting to know the answer. Occasionally a blouse of Victorian tartan malies an effective top to a dark red or black skirt, but one sees very few bright plaids worn, The long waist- coat effect is introduced in rather a new way on a tight-fitting, knee-deep coat of dark green cloth. At the neck in front the coat is cut away to the depth of an. inch or two above the waist, where the piece that crosses the front is outlined in scallops. A waist-coat of almond- yellow cloth. braided in gold and green, Gils id the gap lelt by the cutting out of the front of the coat, this waistcoat. fastening along the centre-front, while the coat, is double-breasted, It is arranged in flat box pleats from the waist to the knees, the pleats vanishing into mere | seams from the waist to the shoulders- These lorg, slim waistcoats are particularly becoming to stout figures, since they appear to detract from size. Dress Trifles. In apportioning a dress allowance, more thai, j would at first appear necessary must be allowed for etceteras of the toilet, seeing that, j ia many cases they are the things that give to a- costume the chic and daintiness by wuich it is distinguished. The dress itself may be abso- lutely simple, but it is lifted to the realm of fashionable smartness by such auxiliaries as boas and stoles, muffs, lace, or muslin collars, belts and gloves, and al] these things, to say nothing of footwear, mean a considerable out- lay. Milunery, too, is expensive, and there are other trifles in the way of silk underskirts, the indispensable handbag, fans and umbrellas, t hat, apart from the costume itself, easily run into many pounds.. The all-important, accessory to a. walking-costume is a fur or feather boa which iiivestbe cachet of smartness to an other- wise plain and '.}rdina;-y-lookin ]1t. Green •coque boas are very fashionable again, aiter a lapse of years, and are dressy-looking, jrexpeii sive substitutes for the ostrich feather boa and newer than marabou^ feathers, in which we have had rather a surfeit. In a group of ectceras of the toilette sketched is a handsome 5t010 of ostrich feathers, suitable for dav or evenincr weir, with bille killings of chiffon introduced at the end: Another article .'ketchcd is a lace bolero with a turned-down collar of embroidered muslin. Boleros of this rort. made or be1,e Irish lace, or of crochet lace and Valenciennes mixed, or. again, of a medley of coarse lace inlet with medallions of embroid- ered muslin, are very rseful in renovating a demode bodice or ringing the change? on a simple siik or crepe dc chine blouse Very useful, (00, is the piastron collar sketched. It is of guipure friiic-d with fine lace, and forms a comnletc eoverjr for the front of a blouse, and would thus easily transform an evening bodice irto one suitable for aitemoon wear. Orna- mental slides for bows and lace collarbands are prominently to the front n the present modistic schemes. The velvet bow sketched is decorated with a fancy slide of French paste set with turquoises. Bows after this fashion effectively complete plain bands of ribbon velvet, worn round the throat in change with high dog- collars of pearls. The other bow illustrated is of tulle, clasped with a gold and enamel orna- ment. Parisiennes are very fond of these tulle bows, worn under the chin. Winter Furs. A great deal of white fur is worn this winter, second to ermine being white fox followed by white caracul. Touches of ermine are cleverly mingled with a set of moleskin, the white fur appearing as narrow lines of fringe all the way down the moleskin stole and across the muff and in the same way ermine is mixed with mus- quash and sealskin—the mention of which re- calls a fascinating blouse-coat of the latter fur with a deep revers-collar aud cuffs of regal ermine. The ermine set is unquestionably one of the successes of the season, few things prov- ing more becoming than the long. ermine stole and big muff, lined with white satin. Fur coats with cloth waistcoats are responsible for some very good sartorial efferfs. Besting upon a waistcoat of tan-coloured cloth encrusted with rased embroideries in dull gold thread and rich deep blues and orange veilows, is a bolero of sealskin with spade-shaped fronts sounding the last word of fashion. which is signalised also by large fichus a,d pelerines of fur, a beautiful example being of chinchilla, falling deep over the arms and caught in front with an embroidered buckle," the long ends of the peler- ine having a thick frhge of g. ey chenille. Fur muffs arc cerv large and flat, ard qnte a new pattern has lately come over from Par,s. It is known as the banet-skirt" muff, and cnn. sists of a loose skirt of b;r lined with accordion-pleated chiffon and thrown over an ordinary muff foundation of cieam coloured satin. It is a charming novelty. The Complexion. According to a beauty specialist, the eenend fault in regard to the preservation of the com- plexion lies in insufficient apDlicitiou of skin- food and a too frequent use of soap. She her- self even went so far 3s to tell ine that soap should rcver be used for the face,since it tends to dry up the skin and bring about a plentiful crop of wrinkles, unless j",un:c¡3.c{ed in its I effect cot, us.- of a nutritious corn- • pKvon crcam. J t. is not. cverv woman who would care to forego the use of soap to her face, hub a word of caution may be urged on the score of avoiding the ul-zc-for facial purposes — of soap that is not emod'ert in its cffect, and that renders the skin glazed and stiff—a state. of affairs that often brought about by the use of over-hot water in connection with soap.

¡ WELSH GLEANINGS. News and Views in Lighter Vein. Y Drych gives arallgarwch as the XV elsh equivalent lor altruism. Not bad? A statement, is going the round of the news- papers that witu the exception of Bradford, Scotland Yard is the only police authority that systematically uses the tinger-print system for the detection oi crime. This is an injustice to the police of Cardiff, for they have ong used this useful system with much advantage. X-rays are now being used by the ushers on the coast of Ceylon for distinguishing ov^tecs contaming pearls without opening the shells. If ^t ience proceeds û." this rate il will soon become possible tor the chairman oi the Bi itish League to know the opinion held of him bv the chairman of the Carelli Cymrnorod urion Society and a ice versa, even before it is uttered in words Wales To-day and To-morrow." is the title oi a new book about to be published by the itev. Thomas Stephens, the author of Welshmen, etc. The new volume will con. tain brief articles by lea cr* In relig on, hLera- ure, education, commerce, trade, pohtica. social life, aud o'.ner phases of the life of the people and cach articie will contain a mes. sage bearmg on the iife of ro-day. A Welsh edition and an Eng.ish edition will be pub- lished on the same day. Aberystwyth, with all its pretensions to be the heart of VI eish Wales, has not tuought fie to use the most effective weapon to secure order in its Town Council. If, as is alleged, the principal offenders against the proprieties in the Council be naonogiot Englishmen, why not conduct the proceedings tn the! Welsh iar.gi.,age" Tell this not to the Bntisn League, fhougu Celtic students will be g'ad to know that the Mans Language Society is rioing on with the work of puoiishing dictionary of the Manx language. The hrst portio is already in the press, covering from A to 1. and it is hoped that the complete work wili be n the hands of the subscribers before the summer. It is in. teresting to note tlut the phonograph has proved of great hdp InseeLiring the right sounds of words from those who speak the Manx language. At a concert given to the Cardiff Zionist Society on" Sbekel Day (December 18tl1) by Mrs Hughes-Thomas and her pupils there was a unanimous demand for the Welsh National Anthem at the close of the meeting, and never was the chorus of Hen Wlad fy Nhadau more enthusiasticalv received than Ly these two hundred Jewish Nationalists. He was a ten year old. and had been chastised for ant.cipating the Christinas holidays by absenting himself from a Cardiii' school without leave—Mamma (who desired to open up peaca negotiations) You know. Johnny, that I only waofyou to be a perfectly good boy, and the best in school. I have oniy heard of one perfect boy." was the reply. And who was that ?" asked .Mamma. Papa—wnen he was lit-le. The msn behind the newspaper winced, and silence reigned m that ho.u-e for half an hear. Die a Good Colour, A new story of the late Per Hugh Price TIughes ;5 toll. He was addressing a meeting in the Public Hall at Leamington, and the room was crowded and hot. He stopped in his speech and asked for the windows to bo opened. (r11.S," of cold air swpt mto the i-oom. -and people the audience turned up their collars in alarm- Don't be afraid of the fresh air," Mr Hugoes said. If you have to choose between dying from poisoned a:r or a draught, choose the draught." And then he added. quietly, so that only tIle reporters ani th people om the platform heard, • You would probably diD a better colour." lie did not specify, however, whether the "better colour" was blue with cold or red with fever. Sir Drefaidwyn. Much capita, is made by the opponents o' Welsh teaching in schools of the attitude of the Montgomeryshire Education Committed upon this question. It is assumed that that county is typicaHy elsh, whereas some por- t ioti;, of it are more English than Monmouth- --I i.rc, Around Llanfair-Caereinion, where a vigorous protest has just been made agaInst the appointment of a monoslot Englishman as a schoolmaster. the inhabitants who haoitually speak Welsh predominate largely. The most, strik'ng incident during the discus- sion of this appointment was the remark of the vicar of the parish, that. Mr T. Darlington, H.M.I.S.. is a faddist-and he anEng- hshnian, butan Englishman who speaks Wolsij perfectly. Mr DarhnHon is a native of Exeter. St. Deiniol's Library. St. Deiuic-1's Library, at Ha war ion. -a hic'i (he late Mr Gladstone founded ja the ca-s'e of divine learning," is not oerhaps so well known as it deserves to be. Mr Henrv Fr-owde ,f Oxford, has just published an ill us traW pamphlet m which some facts about the library | are given. A copy of this pamphlet wdl b& sent to any applicant interested in the subject. Ti sc. library and residence are now together io one dignified block of stone buildings, which wi]. accommodate 17 visite rs, who cau combine if j rccrearion in a. brautifnl Welsh district with lw study in a remarkably well equipped library, fti at a very moderate cost. Mr Gladstone's library ? grew so fast that nearly b0 years ago a new J wing had to be added to Hawarden Castle. To f; bring the library buildings to what thev arc to- « 11 dny £50.[008 has been spent. Mr Gladstone himself collected volumes, and during the last ten year; 5,r.XX) more volumes have been added. 0!d Winters and New Ones. A correspondent writes The universal, subject of conversation new is the remarkable change which is taking place in winter weather. One day lately spring flowers were beginning t.o show, and the mildness was such that the alder trees were -proutiug. It made one garru. lous old gentleman say that we had lost thE old kind oi weather that the Father Christ- 111a;; ort was now only to be seen in to books, and that we shall be having Santa Claus (or St. Nicholas, to give him his proper name's coming to visit us in a tourist suit He recol. lects a, winter about. 40 years ago when on the wild range between Dowla is top and Nanty- bweh a poor woman found rear Christmas time with two children at hpr breast. and aU dead. The death, a medica! authority thought, was a merciful one. The poof things had simply slept.sway. The old inhabitant himself cross- ing the Aberdare range bed to keep his hands in violent exercise to avoid being frozen. W. getnothmg like it cow."

.c. The Reply, Mr Brown had just had a telephonic con- nection between his office and house, and Was very much pleased with it. I tell you, Sm.th. he was saying. this telephone business is a wonderful thing. I want you to dine with me this ovemng, and I wil] notify Mrs Erown to expect you." Brown (speaking through the telephone): My friend Sixiith will dice with us this evening. (To Smith): Now listen and hear hew pJottin her reply comes back, r Mrs Brown's reply came back sharp and shrul Ask your friend Smit.h if he thinks we keep an hotel." Rose to the Occasion. A man who had been long known as a teeto taier broke out. drinking one day. He sent lLb son for a bottle of wh.skv V\ ho is this lor asked the puh!ican. It's for my frther said the urchin- Whatever does your father want wit whisky, and him such a staui. -.h teetotaler • pursued the publican in surpr se. The lad, with discretion beyond his thought that perhaps his father wouh. not like the truth to be known, so after a moment'; hesitation he said Fathers gnin' thhin', an' he wants th«- cork lor a l Charming widow, isn't she ? They sav tbai very shortly she L to marry again." Bert J [ wouldn't want to be a widow's second hria band-Fred: Well, I'd rather be a widow'" second hu-band than her first.