The Cardiff Times

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WELSH GLEANINGS. It is understood that in a short time the North Wales training college for national school- Boasters," lately erected at Bangor on a she granted by Lord Penrhyn, will cease to exist as lUch, and is to be converted into a training allege for girls. The committee have decided fyr* tfeat to fact that the majority of tile students attending the college classes come from England, and that very few Welsh students Me entered. The efforts made to plant the Eisteddfod in English soil are meeting with gratifying suoeess. The Cleveland and Durham Eisteddfod at Middlesbrough, for instance, may now be regarded M an annual fixture. The next festival is fixed for New Year's Day, 1897, and the list of subjeots luslllssued shows that North-country Welshmen are not a whit behind their kindred at home in their ability to formulate a fetching programme. Dr. Rogers will be the musical adjudicator next We are nowadays prepared to bear of anything "made in Germany," but it never entered our Blinds that the Vaterland was ever likely to tnrn eat a Welsh Grammar Such, however, is the Base, acoording to Dr. Daniel), of Edinburgh. Quoting the same gentleman, it may be news to tome of our readers that the Welsh language is studied in Oxford, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, where in every case a professor makes Welsh and Its kindred tongues his special study. Sir Lewis Morris, who has returned to his old publishers, Messrs Kegan Paul, Trenob, Trubner and Co., will put forth early in October a third edition of his latest book, "Idylls and Lyrics," tvhicb will include the Installation Ode tor the University of Wales, published in June, "Civites Dei," and other new poems. The same publishers Will shortly issue a volume of selections from Sir Lewis's works similar to these well-known Volumes from Tennyson and Browning. Wales owes a heavy debt to her women. Indeed twrites a correspondent) when we consider the (canty measure of appreciation and sympathy 9ftentimes extended to them in the past, it is only to be wondered at that Wales has not been in- iicted with a species of woman of even more incongruous parts than the New Woman herself. rhe:daughters of Wales have richly inherited the fpirib of Bnddng (Boadicea)—strong in their love nf country and inflexibly rebellious against wrong Md injustice. Broginin writes to complain that Dafydd ab Gwilym and his reputed patron, Ivor Hael, are sadly misrepresented by the mythmongers Of the 16th century. "The bard," hewribaS." was born at Broginin, in the parish of Llanbadarn- fawr Keredigion, in the year mil tri chant øaoo). Angharad, the daughter of Morgan Meredith, Lord of Carleon, and mother of Ivor Bael, was not married in 1332 and, therefore, 'Ivor Hael could not take in 'the Celtio pre- decessor of Chaucer and treat the infant and his Sfctber with much consideration and great hospitality." The Welsh National Society of Liverpool has lost inaugurated its winter session under very Mnouraging circumstances. It is well replenished wtth funds, and has a membership of close upon 100, while the Executive Committee has been strengthened by the addition of the Rev. D. Adams, B.A. (Hawen), and the Rev. John Williams, late of Brynsienoyn. Still, the Cymro is not satisfied, and points out that with a Welsh population on the banks of the Mersey of Something between 60,000 and 100,000, tl, taemberabip ought to be trebled. The Welshmen of the United States appear tu i; "-PPOrtin with much enthusiasm the candidate of Mr McKinley for the Presidency. McKinley, say, is a Welshman, and his name is derived J' boa Machynlleth." This is onsof the eleetimt. toags of Welsh supporters :— Gwyr pawb mai Cymro bach i'r earn Yw Bily bach Maobynlleth. Pwy fydd top yn ol eich barn ? Why Bily bach Maohyrilletb Pwy egyr ddrysau'r llaw-werthfeydd Pwy fyn cael cysur i'r torfeydd ? Y teiliwr, crydd dibwys, a'r gweydd ? Ond ta Bily bach Machynlleth ? Dttvydd ap Gwilym, the Celtic predecessor of Chaucer, was born at midnight, during a storm of Wind and hail, under a hedge at Llandaff, where his mother, accompanied by his father, Gwilym Gam, took shelter. Next day Ardudfyl died, and the poet, whose song was to ring through all time, was ohristened on his mother's coffin. Ardudfyl's nameless grave is in the peaceful God's Acre surrounding Llandaff Cathedral, and according to general opinion, the Nightingale of Wales was buried at the Abbey of Strata Florida. But the Whole of Wales proudly claims him as its national Bightiogale, whose tribute of thanks to Glamorgan was earnest and full of eloquence. The last eisteddfod of any real importance held In Cardiff was in 1883. That was the National Bisteddfod, and below we give some of the late Clwydfardd's reminiscences of the gathering. I Well reoolleot," he wrote. the first day of the ieBtival when the Gorsedd rites were celebrated. She Marquis of Bute and a number of other noblemen had come to witness the old rite, and although Cardiff is largely English, the Welsh language that day held absolute sway. This highly pleased the Marquis, and he expressed a hope at the finish that the Gorsedd would always be oonducted exclusively in Welsh. The great drawback in that year's gathering was the lack of proper accommodation. The eisteddfod was held id an engine-shed A new use has been found for the Welsh Press, That volatite little paper. Papur Pawb, some time ago published a love song from a swain, who, though he had idealised woman, had never met bia ideal. A maiden fair and fancy free replied anonymously in the same paper, and for a tune the duet was carried on in public, each performer being ignorant of the other's identity. Mustering Courage, the love-sick swain laid his heart bare to the editor, who communicated with the village queen of song, with the result that an interchange of addresses, photos, letters, and the orthodox vows eventuated. And now two souls with but a tingle thought, two hearts that beat as one, are falling blessings on the head of the editor! In connection with the centenary of the death Of the late Rev. Peter Williams, the Welsh com- mentator, it is asserted by a Welsh correspondent the Liverpool Mercury that the prints so often Viet with, adorning the walls of country houses, aDd taken to be the portraits of Peter Williams, are not his likeness, but that of his son. It is said that there is not a portrait of Peter Wdliama in existence. In one of the editions of hia Commentary there is a note by the publishers to the effect that, inasmuch as they were unable to obtain a portrait of the author, they presented each subscriber with a portrait of his son, the .Y. Peter Bayley Williams, the rector of Llan- beris and Llanrug, who bore a striking resem- blance to bis father, and these are the above- mentioned prints which have passed as the Portrait of the commentator himself. Acoording to ancient Celtic tradition Corvinwr, Sard of Ceri, of the Long White Lake, was the ltetJ to make a ship with sail and rudder, for the ttseof theCymry. Morddal, the man of the Torrent, 1raa the first stonemason Caid, the son of Arch. "as the first bridge builder Selys the Aged was JIbe pioneer of forest olearers, and prepared open cee for corn and cattle Cymryw, the son of Br.tlh, was the earliest live stock dealer Ithon eystematised the manner of growing corn;" ^Weirydd the Great introduced the practice of preserving hay for feeding horses and cattta in WinterCalohfynydd the Aged was the first htne burner, and Lilywarch, his son, became the Crat builder of fortressee constructed with stones lod mortar. Very curious is the tradition of the Sliest Celtic brewer, who was the first to make Inalt liquor properly. He boiled the wort, her with honey and various flowers of the 1ield, and then allowed it to stand in a vessel or ntensil made for its reception. Presently a boar *»ndered thereto, and after drinking of it cast foam therein, and that caused the liquor to '•maent. The beer thus made was declared to be very best ever known, and from that time it the rule to pub barm in wort. But alas the brewer His knowledge caused him to tt.e himself entirely to drunkenness, in which Oobdition he subsequently died, wherefore his hai been handed down to posterity as aIat the Drunkard.

The Foudroyant. NELSON'S OLD FLAGSHIP AT CARDIFF. LOVE her as a proud father loves darling child, and C glory in her deeds." It was in L: icli terms as these hat Lord Nelson wrote well nigh a century ago of the grand old battle- ship that now lies peacefully in the East Dock at Cardiff. It's a long time (says one of oar correspon- dents) since I spent a more inter- eating afternoon than I did on Monday strolling round the decks of the Fondroyant. At one plunge I seemed to have left Cardiff and the fast dying nineteenth century far away and to have re- turned again to that age when Napoleon's name was a terror in Europe, when at a date prior to Waterloo the battle of the Nile was fought and won, and Nelson at Trafalgar found, as England bad expected, that every man had done his duty. There isn't a finer old battleship afloat than the Foudroyant, and, with the exoep. tion of the Victory, not an older vessel floats on British waters. In May, 1798, Lord St. Vincent wrote to Lord Nelson :—" The Foudroyant is launched at Plymouth, and all agree she is the most perfect ship that ever swam on salt water." I may here observe in passing that a few months before her launch she had been selected by Nelson to carry his flag, and but for the impossibility of completing her in time she would have been the flagship at the battle of the Nile. In 1799 Lord Nelson trans- ferred his flag to her from the Vanguard, and spoke of her then as a magnificent ship." Well might the hero of the Nile judge thus of the Foudroyant, for she was by far the finest ship on which be ever served, combining as she dtd the fighting power of the 98-gun three-decker with the cruising qualities of the 74-gun two-decker. The Foudroyant. in 1800 occupied the place that is to- day in our Navy tilled by such ironclads as the Re- nown and Centurion. She has associations of the greatest historical interest, for was it not on her quarter deck that Nelson paced to and fro, and oracked jokes with the officers, and urged the skipper to make the Foudroyant fly on that wild night when she chased the Générenx 11o her doom ? It is to this same old vessel that we in great part owe the recovery of Malta after its capture by Napoleon, and was she not too the flagship of the fleet that held the Mediterranean, and by cubbing off the French Army in Egypt, compelled Its ultimate surrender, and upset Napoleon's vast scheme of Eastern empire. The only ships that escaped from the battle of the Nile fell a prey to the Foudroyant, thus, in the words of the great Admiral, making a glorious finish of the whole of the French Medi- terranean fle-t.11 TIMV- is THR, grand old relic I TEE JOUDBQTANT TOWLD ll'l'£ü CARDIFF DOCKS. fraught with glorious associations, I defy any man of average imagination and patriotic instinct to stroll in the eveuing around her decks without feeling within him somewhat of the nature of the old sea do-some faint, far-off echo of that pluck and heroism that made our Elizabethian England, and that through suc- ceeding centuries has kept unstained our great maritime record, and that reached the period of its second glory when the Fondroyant and the Victory sailed the seas and played no small part in crippling for ever the power of 11 le petit oorporal." madman," Napoleon Bonaparte 1 Go down on to the gun deck of the Foudroyant, meditate there for half an hour upon its pos- sibilities during an engagement. Here it was that the fighting was done. A deck of 183 feet from end to end, 50 feet in its greatest breadth, and six feet above the floor is the perfect forest of massive beams that support the upper deck. Through the port-holes bristle the muzzles of 30 big guns. Think to yourself of the effeot of the report in that confined space from a broadside of 15 of these 30-pounders I You instinctively exclaim how could human endurance withstand so much. But that was in the brave days of old when Nelson with shattered arm had the nerve to ascend unaided the vessel's side, and half an hour after he had had the injured member amputated, was again on dock directing operations as if nothing had happened I Then you descend into the cockpit, otherwise known as the orlop deck, with its surgeon's amputating table, redo- lent of ghastly reminiscences. If we except the Victory, no more interesting relic floats than the Foudroyant, and yet-I What can be expected of a Government that allows its old soldiers to perish in the Workhouse ? Wasn't it on a par with such actions to sell this old ship to a ship- breaker, who was allowed to sell it to the Ger- mans ? That was in 1892. Bnt the nation rose at the action, and Mr Linley Sambourne's cartoon in Punch gave expression to the wave of public indignation that swept across the country from end to end. Then was it that) Mr Conan Doyle published his spirited verses, For Nelson's Sake," with the subsidiary headline, X<>1H u* t.he Germans for a Thousand Pounds Who says the Nation's purse is lean, Who fears for claim or bond or debt, When all the glories that have been Are scheduled as a cash asset ? If times are bad and trade is slack. If coal and cotton fail at last, We've something left to barter yet- Our glorious past. This was the no to struck by Mr Conan Doyle, and he concluded his eloquent and patriotic appeal with the words— Go. barter to the knacker's yard The steed that has outlived its time Send hungry to the paupers' ward The man who served you in his prime I But when you touch the Nation's store, Be broad your mind and light your grip. Take heed! And bring us back once more Our Nelson's ship. Then when things looked black and gloomy for the old vessel Mr T. R. Cobb, F.S.A., of Caldicott Castle, near Chepstow, came forward and bought the Foudroyant, thus saving the honour of England and placing usfrirovotriinder of obligation to him.

LIFE BELOW STAIRS. Come on. Bob, I tell yon there sialb anybody at home." But I see the guv'uoc's hat hanging up thore." I "Well, what's thnfc got to do with it ? One of my dresses is hanging on the line in the garden, bub I aiu!k there."

The Welsh Press. (BY AP IDANFKYN.] LOYAL WALES. In no portion of her vast dominions has her Gracious Majesty more loyal-hearted subjecl> than in Wales. The average Welshman may be a rampant Radical, a hot-headed Nationalist, an QocompromislDg Dissenter, and what not, but his bitterest enemy dare not accuse him of anything approaching disloyalty to the Throne, though he will insist npon giving expression to that loyalty in his own way and at his own time without the meddlesome interference of a set of fussy busy- bodies, who regard loyalty as a virtue exclusively their own. An exceptional opportunity has just been afforded for giving expression to that unstinted admiration which prevails among the Welsh people generally of the beneficent results of her Majesty's long and glorious reign, and it is scarcely possible to peep into any Welsh paper this week without finding evidence of the great affection in which Queen Victoria is held by her subjects in Wales. The Baner, for instance, a journal which has often been accused by its Tory opponents of harbouring extreme views, has a long leader in praise of the longest and most blessed reign in Great Britain," in the course of which it deolares that there is not in Europe a sovereign held in deeper esteem by her subjects than Victoria, and that that esteem is founded on sincere love and affection. The Tyst is righteously indignant at the suggestion recently made by one writer that Nonconformists are disloyal, and it adds, there is no class that will more heartily and enthusiastically wish her Gracious Majesty long life, prosperity, the blessing ot God, and a calm repose in the evening of her days than the Nonconformists throughout the Empire." Not one of her predecessors," remarks the Genedl, can bear comparison with her in the extent of her moral influence. She has been a priestess of a pure life all through her career. And there are none among her subjeots that desire to see the day when she will relinquish the Crown." ABMKNIA. There is no abatement in the interest taken in the Armenian question. Considerable space is devoted to Mr Gladstone's remarkable speech at Liverpool, and with the policy then enunoiated by the Grand Old Man, the Welsh Press appears in complete agreement. According to the Taritm, All men now look to Lord Salisbury to do something, and to do that something effectually. If he fails in this crisis, it will be a stain on his character that all the waters of Jordan cannot wash away r" In this connection the Tarian takes the membei for Cardiff severely to task for his extraordinary attitude on this question. His words and his actions," it declares, have pained even his supporters in Oardiff; they do their utmost to I smooth down the most painful portions of his letters, but no sooner is one unpleasant sentence explained away than another crops up demanding a like treatment." Mr Maclean, continues the Tarian, is a veritable Jingo when the extension of British territory is at stake, but when men are trodden down 'neath the iron foot of the Turk Mr Maolean is full of the fear of man and oroaks out, Beware of agitation, war is horrible to contemplate, beware I" Similarly the Herald Cymraeg, discussing the attitude of the Turco- philes, states that never has there been a more despicable exhibition of that cowardice which is so characteristic of the boastful bully." DANIEL ROWLANDS. For some weeks past the Lion has been publishing a series of articles to show, if possible, that Daniel Rowlands, of Llangeitbo-one of the founders of Welsh Methodism—never completely severed his oonneobion with the Established Church, and that he continued to utilise the common Prayer Book up to the time of his death. The editor of the Tarian, whose authority on these points cannot be disputed, deals with the matter in this week's issue and having described the ariioles referred to as utterly devoid of logic," proceeds to expose the fallacy of the contention that Rowlands made any such use of the Prayer Book as is attributed to him. It would," he declares, be as reasonable for the Pharisees after the death of Paul to claim the great Apostle of the Gentiles as it is for the L/hutrchmen of these days to set up a claim to Daniel Rowlands. If they repent having ex. communicated the famous Reformer, let them say so clearly and not attempt to twist the facts of history." THE PENRHYN QUABBY STRIKE. In North Wales public attention centres for the present in the Penrhyn slate quarries, where the dispute betwewa Jjord ^enrbjNi aad hi« 3,000 workmen has noW reached a very acnte stage. Whatever the merits of the claims put forward by the men, his Lordship has gone a long way towards forfeiting public sympathy by the auto. cratio step he adopted of suspending every member of the deputation that has hitherto con- ducted the negotiations between the parties. The workmen, it appears, had agreed tentatively to strike next March unless a satisfactory settlement were come to IDlthe meantime and his Lordship, becomiug aware of this, forced a crisis by dismissing the leaders. This at least is what we gather from the published reports, and if this be so it is matter for no saprise that the workmen have picked up the gauntlet and have suspended work as a body. Happily strikes of this magnitude are very rare in North Wales, but in every instance where they have happened a long and disastrous struggle has been the result. A few years ago, when the Llanberis quarrymen bad occasion to adopt this extreme course, the Dinorwio quarries, which afford employment for nearly 3,000 men, were idle for three months. The Penrhyn quarrymen, it would appear, have done all they could, consistent with their self- respect, to avoid a rupture, but, according to the fferaZd Cynvrtteg, "Lord Penrhyn and his advisers have made up their minds to smash up the Quarrymen's Union, and we should not be surprised to learn that a oliqne of other quarry owners are backing him up. If so the quarrymen have a bitter struggle to face." Publio sympathy, which is a very considerable factor in these difficulties, appears to be entirely with the men, but, unhappily for them, they have no very strong funds to fall back upon, and one ihudders to think of the sufferings in store for the men and their families during the approaching winter unless a satisfactory settle- ment is soon brought about. It is pointed out that this questiou at issue between the men and the management is no longer one of grievances and complaints by sections or individuals, but the great principle of the men's right to combine, and to speak through an elective body on behalf of the mass of the workers. This is the clear issue which has ntcessanly been raised by the management by the suspension of the whole of the Quarry Committee to which the men had entrusted their case, and who had hitherto carried on all negotiations with the management.

THE CIQAa SMOKEK'S FATE. The man who probably takes keenest interest in the Cuban trouble is the smoker of the fragrant Havana. H hears with sorrow that the supply of tobacco from that unhappy country is prac- tically exhausted, and there is no prospect of a crop next year. Most of the manufacturers in Boston, according to the Transcript^ have about two years' supply on hand, 8\1 that the famine will not be felt very Meriously until next year, when the prices are likely to be so high that Havana cigars will be indeed a luxury. The following year the loss is likely to be felt even more. Even if the Cuban rebellion is settled within a year. it will be impossible to put in a new crop and have it ready for the manufacturers before the present supply is almost exhausted. The norma: tobacco crop of Cuba is about 200,000 bains. The crop this year amounts to about 20,000 bales, or 10 per cent. of the usual supply. Owing to the war the present crop, which is now practically all in the hands of the manufacturers, it ill be the last sent out of the island for some time. There are no labourers to cultivate another crop this year, and even if there were it is unlikely that the insurgents would allow them to work. Only the best grades of Cuban tobacco are exported, and, unlike sugar or any other productions of Cuba. the tobacco deficit cannot be made up from any other source, as there is no imitation of real Havana which can take its place. The insurgents are in posses- sion of districts which raise the finest tobacco produced in the world.

THE EXTINCTION OF THE ELEPHANT. The approaching extinction of the African elApbanr. Reetns thing to be contemplated. Last Ydtor 13.220 tone of African ivory came into the markets of London, Liverpool, and Antwerp, whence the civilised world derives its supplies, 01 this tot.il 11,§50 tons represent fresh importa. IJion", the balance dvavvn from old stocks. Now, the average yield iti a single elephant) is about 30lb, tOO it is clear that 42,300 pachyderms mush Iiavf-, been slaughtered oi> '>>r>er the year's demands. It is roughly estimated (says bhe Daily Chronicle) t 'vt Afrioa cannot contain many more 200.000 elephants, so thatwc are within easy view oE anniuilaSiou of the entire species. The Confix exported more than half the year's supply. Moz uriliiquH and Gt zm.in East Africa seut 1,840 ^"s the Niger, Benone, the Gaboon, and the Cameroons rather a smaller quota; the Srmdan 1,140 tons; whilst the contribution from the Cape was utterly insignificant. Expert* seem to be agreed in maintaining that the only remedy for the existing state of things will be found in the domestication cf the African elephant. Direotly the native and foreign hunters are convinced that °U?i K Repliant is worth dozens of tusks, they will be as keen to preserve the animal as they are now to exterminate him.

H First Musician: Wyy on earth|did you say that Miss Jones's should be cultivated abroad f bhe posilively has no voioe, and you ought to know if, living all you do next door to her.— Second Musician That's why I advised her to go abroad.

THE HOUSEHOLD. I T was my good fortune to have such a charming bedroom in a country house where I was stay- ng lately, that I cannot ,'psisb the temptation of describing it to my readers. It was an L shaped room, sufficiently large to produce the long, low effect that somehow or other seems tuuoh more easily ob- tained in the country than in town. In the widest par* the bed was placed, opp osite was the wardrobe, and to the right of this was the fireplace, a most delightful little ingle-nook being arranged between the wardrobe and that part of the wall to the left of the fire, making a most cosy place wherein to ponder over one's daily delin- quencies and warm one's toes at the same time. The upper end of the L contained a washing-stand and a couple of chests of drawers, while betweeu the two windows stood the dressing-table, of which I give a sketch here. There is nothing very extraordinary about that," I can fancy I hear my readers saying. No. nothing, save that it was furnished plentifully with all the fancy accessories which, if a pretty woman does not require, she still likes to look upon. Only remarkable for one fact, which was so excellent in its result that, simple as the idea was, it imme- diately occurred to me how many women would be glad of the "tip." The looking glass was painted or stained green to match the rest of the furniture, quite a plain, oblong piece of glass resting on the extreme back of the dressing-tiablp THB TOILET TABLE. I and slightly tilted forward from the wall at the top. It somewhat puzzled me why this should have been done, and it was not until I had completed dressing my hair and rose to look for a glass wherein I could see my gown at full length that I discovered that this was just what the tilt forward enabled me to do I could see myself at full length, and there was no necessity to have a glass in the wardrobe or a oheval. I cannot help thinking those who wish to see themselves from head to foot before they leave their rooms will be glad to hear of how easily it may be accomplished, and those who do not care about indulging in a bird's-eye view would be all the better if they did. This bedroom had walls of a warm apricot tint, and the furniture, as I said before, was of green stained wood, the bed- curtain and window hangings were of art green serge lined with apricot Indian silk, and this combination of colour proved most delightful and restful in every way. And talking of windows reminds me thot there was yet another idea I gleaned from this oharming apartment, and this was the little window curtain, the pattern of which, my hostess told me, was sent her from Paris. where they arer known by the fasoinating name of mysteries." BeriN was made of fine, cream-coloured, spotted muslin, headed with a. deep band of guipure lace — really good guipure this was of the Point Viennese pattern—backed with a single lining of apricot silk and headed with a little quilling of ribbon to match; they had an exceedingly pretty and finished appearance, this latter quality being fre- quently absent from those draperies known in England by the less euphonious name of "sbore blinds." Each window had a little window seat, which, though not wide, added immensely to the appear- ance of comfort in the room, and, by the way, the serge curtain" did not r^noh to the floor by quite BIDMAU MYSTUBS. I a foot, an excellent length 1 think for bedrooms. for it ensures that the daily broom does not leave corners for the general turn-out as is so often the case whan the dust-trap-, of long drapery lie upon- the floor. I afterwards discovered that the oosy window seat really served as a tidy, wherein were stowed away on^'s boots and shoes. Under the valence, looking front of the seat, were two rows of shelves, which, besides serving the utilitarian purpose already mentioned, assisted in giving HXtra support and strength to the whole structure. I should particularly 'ike to mention that this useful pieoe of furniture was made at home. And I must not forget the towels they were quite beautiful, and worked with such a variety of patterns. I had some sketched for your benefit. They were carried out in shades of blue on a noe huckaback linen, woven with a very open mesh so as to produce a kind of canvas uffoct, which is much easier to woik upon. These and the bath flannel were also made to match, as well as the two linen bag,, one for handkerchiefs and the other for larger garments, which are hung up in an unobstriisiv- corner. How charming people can make spare rooms in the country, I don t mean to say one can't have pretty spare rooms in the town, but somehow or other it is more encouraging to make pretty things in an atmosphere that does not destroy them in the course of a few days. TOWELS. j There is such a delightful of welcome in going into a room where every detail is wetl carried out; it all seems to express that the anticipation of your coming was full of pleasure and that nothing had been grndgiugly prepared. I have just been very busy over all my window boxes. This is the mouth to maka pi reparations for the spring, and I daresay therearu a good many onhers similarly occupied. One of the most important things is good drainage, and for this ynrpose an inch or two of broken charcoal laid over the holes is very excellent; But I have discovered some fertilising moss which is a great comfort; this should be placed upon the charcoal and pressed dowu tightly, The,Potbil)g soil must be well pressed down until the trough, which should fit into the window box, is nearly full. In this about two inohes down I have planted quite a number of hyacinths and daffodils, which I hope will behave properly and come up in the spring. I have left a little space in some of the boxes for a row of old-fasbkmetl, sweet white pinki. as I am promised some strong 1;v,r., and intend to plant them in Oolobw- IftCWKi,

Andrew Fletcher, ot ijaltoun, in a letter to the Marquis of Montrose, wrote :—" I know a very wis« nan that believed that If a man were permitted to make all the ballads he need not care who should make the laws of the nation."

THE CAROL OF THE GARDENER. A HABVB8T FESTIVAL HYMN. Supposing Him the GardW," For dim the morning light And tears that, fringed Iter eyelids had Half veiled Him frointier siglit- "Oh whither hasbthon borne Him ?"~ In accents soft and sweet The Gaid'ner whispered Mary "—And She kissed the Gard'ner's feet. "Supposing him the GHrd'ner," My Martin song shall be, Aw kn North Wind and waft bitn on "Swift wings of IO-ve me; And South Wind breathe thy Spices "Till clouds of inosnse roll To greet my Spouse who enters now "The Garden of my SouL" Supposing him the Gard'ner," I knelt to watch and wait And token flowers to tel I my love As he passed through the gate. The passion flower bis nnr,.inih The rose his blood had dyed, And Lily white, like linen shroud, He wore till Eastertide. Supposing him the Gard'ner," I knew that in his hand Were seeds of Graces for my soul- brought from the Better Land He sowed them-Flowers in Summer, With fragrance filled the air, And golden grain at Harvest, too, Was Guerdon of His Care. Supposing him the Gard'ner," And me the Gard'nei's Bride— Oh draw me close and closer still Unto Thy own pierced side!" He raised His Cross of Dolors, And then with Gard'ner's art He bound to it by chords of love The tendrils of my heart; Supposing Him the Gard'uer." The dearest flowar I had I gave into His keepog-And He smiled and I was glad. Shield Thou its drooping petals From this chill midnight air." • • • • -At Morn the Sfcwn was bleeding-and My Rosebud was not there I "Supposing Him the Gard'ner," With M*ry s Voice I wept— Why Weopest Thou !-He parts His robe- There on His bosom slept My Flower from Cold Winds sheltered- Waits the Eternal Spring, When I shall see it blooming in The Garden of the King. HOBATIO L. NICHOLSON, D.D.

PAST EVENTS IN OUR ISLAND RECALLED. OCTOBER 12EL 1715 —{George L)-Roberb Walpole, Chancellor of the xChequer, in conjunction with Lurd Townshend, led the Administration. 1743-(George )-Tbe Chapel of Henry VU. in Westminster Abbey was closed for the day to prevent Catholic devotions at the shrine of Edward the Confessor. 1779- (George IIL)-Formation of the first regiment of Irish Volunteers, 20,000 strong, under the Earl of Leinster, to support the Parliament in demanding Free Trade. 1788—(George III.)—The mental malady of the King was first made known. 1798-(Geoige III.)-z3ir J. B. Warren captured a French teet conveying more troops to Ireland. Wolfe Toone, taksn in one of these ships, was tried by coart-martial, and killed himself. 1808 -(George IILV—The Emperors Alexander of Huseia and Napoleon offered to treat for peace, which England refused unless the King of Sweden and the Spanish patriots were admitted as parties to the negotia- tions. OCTOBER 13th. 1715-(George L)—The Earl of Lincoln was made Paymaster of all the Forces. 1717-(George I.)— Capt, Woods Rogers was made Governor of the Island of Providence and Captain of the Independent Company in the Bahama Islands. West Indies. 1727-(George II.)—The Duke of Montrose was appointed Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. 1757-(George II. y~ A Proclamation was issued for suppressing the riots and tumults com- mitted by the tinners and others in Corn- wall. 1812-(George IIL)-Ba.Ule of Qneenstown, Canada. The British defeated the Ameri- cans, and their commander, Gen. Wads worth, with 900 men, were taken prisoners. ^OCTOBER 14TH 1715—George I.)-Brigadier Mackintosh, who had been detached over the Firth of Forth with a body of Highlanders by the Earl of Mar, took possession of Leith for the Pretender. 1729—(George II.)—Visooant Townshend was declared President of the CounciL 1740-(George ll.)-Alderman Heathoote declin- ing to serve as Lord Mayor of London, Alderman Parsons was elected in his stead. 1747—(George II.)-Admiral Hawke defeated the French fleet off Belleisle. 1767-(George III.)—Riots of the Spitalfields weavers. 1817-(George IIL)—John Philpot Curran. Irish JawyAr and wit, died. He was Master of the Rolls in Ireland from 1806-1814. OCTOBER 15TH. 1711-(Ai,ne)-The Edgar, man-of-war, was accidentally blown up with 400 seamen and several other people on board. The offioers were ashore at the time. 1725—(George 1.)-The Highlanders were dis- •ti med by General Wade. 1768—(George III.)-Lord Chatham resigned office, 1831—(George IV.)—The Irish Arms BiU passed. £ 500.000 Exchequer bills were voted to he lesued tor public works in Ireland. 1838 Latitia Elisabeth Landon (" L.E.L."), English poetess, died. She married George Maoiean, Governor of Cape Coast Castle, on June 7ch, and the same year died through an overdose of prussic acid. OCTOBER 16TH. 1726—(George I. )-Slr Thomas Pengally was appointed Lord Chief Baron of the Ex chequer. 1727—(George II.)—An insurrection of tinners broke out in Cornwall they plundered :1.11 the granaries in that county. 1732—(George 11^)—Col, Edward Montague was appointed Governor of Hull. 1735—(George II.)—An order of the Common Oouoo;1 was issued for the better lighting of the Cjy of London, and directing that the lamps should burn till morning. 1815-.(George III.)—The Emperor Napoleon arrived at St. Helena. 1834-(Williarn IV.)—The Houses of Parliament at Westminster were destroyed by an accidental fire. OCTOBER 17TH. 1714- (George I.)—The Duke of Shrewsbury was made Lord Chamberlain of the Household, and the Duke of Kont Constable of Windsor Castle and Keeper of the Parks, Forests, &c.. 1715—(George I.)-Lord Dunbar and Sirs Francis Warre and Marmaduke Constable were btought to London in the custody of messengers. 1722—(George I.)-For assumed complicity in the conspiracy favouring the Pretender, the jBishop of Rochester, the Earl of Orrery, and Loid North and Grey were appre- hended for high treason. 1739 (George II )—A charter passed the Seals for erecting an hospital of foundling children in London, for which it was com- puted the sum of 230,000 was collected among thf nobility and gentry before the patent jMWtsed. 1777-.(G.rg,, -.Tlf.)-The British Army, under Gem>ri' Burgoyne, after a severe engage- ment) with the Americans on October 7th, beitig stirrountit-ri surrendered to the American General Gates at Saratoga, New York State. OCTOBER 18TH! 1715—(George I.)—Joseph Sullivan, Robert Wbitty, and Felix Hara were convioted of high treason fcti, nrdixung men inthe service of the PretemW. They were hanged at Tvburn ,,r' th" 28'ib. 1721 lG,)rg" I ).-Mr Knight, oashier of the South Sea Cou;p :ny, escaped out of the Cnstle of Antwerp, oarrying with him the sergeant who had bfieu appointed to guard him. 1812—(George. IIT.)-The British sloop Frolic w;>s oaptnred by the American sloop Wasp. 1817—(Gao.g* HI.)—A Treaty abolishing the slave tiraoe was signed between England and uln> King of Madagascar (Radaina the Great.) a' T >ma tave. 1833-(Gf'or IV.)—Capt. Ross returned to Hull from Arctic expedition, undertaken by him in 1829, after hope of him had been almost abandoned.

A So," said Mr Stingeyman as he found his coat unmended, I find that I have married a wuioau of the future I" No," said his wife, sadly, I am a woman of the present, bat sinoe I MARRIED you I never get ou."

Men of the Day. Mr Sidney Cotper, Sidney Cooper, the well-known R.A., was a theatrical painter at the age of 17, That was at Hastings. He was at work in Hastings Theatre 76 years ago, He gained a moderate inoime by scene painting. He be- came a drawing-master aC Canterbury till tlbe year 1827, when be set out trom Dover to Calais, to "sketch his way from that French port to the Belgian capital; paying tavern bills by likenesses of hftsts and hostesses. He was materially assisted by his manners, which are artful and fascinat- ing. At Brussels his talents secured him patrons and employ- ment. Having settled there, he married. There, too, his penoil was first directed to the study of landscape, and the branch of art (animal painting) which secured him his present high reputation. The revolution of 1830 involved hnn and his family in difficulties, and forced him to return to England. He first: exhibited in the Suffolk-street Gallery in 1833. Mr Cooper was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1845. and a Royal Academician in 1867, and still exhibits. He is the grand old man of art. In 1882 he presented to the city of Canterbury the Gallery of Art which he had founded some ten or twelve years earlier, and in which he had since Siven gratuitous instructions to students. A oon- ition made by the donor was that only a nominal fee should be charged to the artisan classes for tuition. Mr Cooper has found innumerable imitators. At one time he was constantly called upon to decide upon the authenticity of oattle pictures reputed to be the work of his brash. His birthday is September 29th. Rev. W. H. Mi I burn. One Saturday night, some 40 years ago, some Western Congressmen had met on an Ohio river boat, on their way to Washington. The place and the time wore not those of strict deoorum, and the statesmen devoted themselves to poker, inter- spersed with whisky and indecorous conversation. One of the passengers whom their revelry dis- turbed was a youug Methodist. Next day services were held iu the oabin, and the captain asked the young preacher, whose name was Milburn, for a sermon. His address was a fearless arraign- ment of the Congress- men. When he had delivered it he retired to his state room, and there came a rap at his door. He rose and admitted the captain, who told the astonished preacher that the abashed statesmen had sent him a sum of money and invited him to be a candidate for the chaplaincy of Congress. That was the introduction to public life of William H. Milburn, since famous as the Blind Chaplain of Congress." He has held this office for many years, first with the House, and at present with the Senate. The fearless independence that Mr Milburn showed on the Ohio river boat has always marked his thoughts and expressions. Lord Roberts Son of the late Sir Abraham Roberto, Lord Roberts of Candabar was born on September 30th, 1832, and was educated at Eton and Sand. hurst. In 1851 h" mceived his first commission as second lieutenant in the Bengal Artillery. A few years later be was in the thick of the Indian Mutiny, and during this campaign displayed a dash and a brilliancy which sur- prised even those who were intimate with him. In 1858 he received the Victoria Cross for per. sonal bravery in the Held. For nine years after the quelling of the Mutiny, Captain Roberts's official life was uneventful. When, however, theabyssinian Expedition, under Sir Robert Napier, was organised, he acted in the capacity of assistant quartermaster-general. It was not until be had resumed his work in the quartermaster-generars department in India that he became eligible for the full appointment, but, shortly afterwards the quarrel with Shere Ali broke out, and Lord Lytton prepared for the invasion ot Afghanistan. General Sir Frederick Roberts's appointment to the command of the Kuram Field Force created much jealousy, and it was confidently prophesised that nothing but disaster would result. We all know, however, how happily these predictions were falsified. On the retirement of the Duke of Cambridge from the post of Commander-in-Chief last year Field Marshal Lord Roberts was in the running as his -luocessor, but the claims of Lord Wolseley could not be overlooked. Lord Roberts is most popnUr among the rank and file, M. Emile ZOIa. Reams of paper have been consumed in criti- cising Zola, and now the famous French novehai takes a turn at telling what he thinks of his critics. And given a choice between the two, Zola on the people who don': like Z "e p^rlnps more interesting reading Ithan these same people on Zola himself. As to the immediate cause of this exchange of adj-c tives-the Zola books— we shaH leave them out of court." Ti, greatest writers," lie writes in the Paris ftaro. "are the one,, most persistently at- tacked when they cease to be attacked their fame begins to dwindle. The fact is indisputable; I have never ceased to be vili. Red. and yet I am still in evidence. The real likera,y d'.oay ugius wkou there is silence regarding a man and his work. So that the insulbers are after all only trumpets mounding forth the glory of the author in the train of wbose triumphs the trumpeters are bound f) find themselves." Mr Justice Wills. One of our unlucky judges is Mr Justioe Wills, who has had to preside over the most unpleasant oriu.inal cause cilibre of our times, and also nffnr""¡ <h --T heavy incandescent gas litigation. Sir Alfred is one of the most courteous and popular (,f Judges, though at t'naes his horror of leading qnf-stions leads to a little frlotion. The son of a Birmingham solicitor, be was born n 1828. He graduated tt London University, md was called by the Middle Temple, of ivhich he is now a Benober, in 1851. His lobby is mountaineer- ing. He lives in a pretty house at Eaher, where he cultivates a pleasant optimism that renders him singularly adverse to believe in allega- tions of fraud and yet the Judge who presided over the Pimlico poisoning case and the Orewe murder trial, and many other notorious cases, must know a very great deal of the seamy side of human life.

WOMAN FIN DE SlfCLf. But why brethren ?' 11 Well, you know, one embraces the other." Yes, but surely not in church f

EAST.- Briggs How long did it t»K« you to learn how to viae ?—Griggs: Only two wham.

Our Country Column. Goslings. When fully feathered, goslings should be kept in large flocks, and turned out to graze, bringing them into shelter at night. The Embden variety will be found best adaptable for the green and Miohaelmas markets. The Toulouse will not fill out properly until Christmas. The fattening process can be proceeded with as with ducks, using barley-meal as the staple diet. If the birds are confined to attain excessive weight for any particular purpose they should be provided with a tuft of grass or hay, at which they can nibble. Feathers and down from the breast will form a THE ZKMRN. 11 considerable item of profit. Keep them clean, and free from dust. There is a great deal to be done with goose breeding. The flesh of these heavy-weight Toulouse and Embdens is excellent, and much more tender eating than the present market goose. Heavy birds are eagerly sought after, for, as a friend of ours remarked the other day, It is nice to steady the dining-table occa. sionally with a 251b or 30ib goose The Embden, the goose best adapted for fatting, forms the subject of our illustration. The Profits of Fork. The profits of pork-making, supposing that an ecuo mical kind of pig is kept, vary with the price of pork in the great markets and with the price of f( od. When milk or whey is used in large quantities the pig is utilised in the service of the dairy, and what profit he returns is generally placed to its credit; when, however, the offal corn grown on a farm is consumed it is only fair to charge it at market price, just as though it were purchased from the miller in the form of meaL Maize, except in the dear season, can be purchased at £1 a quarter of 4801bs., or about 93s 6d a ton barley meal at 120s per ton, and middlings at JB5. No food exceeds maize in its oapacity to make pork with rapidity, but of itself it produces too much fat, and is better mixed with skimmed milk or middlings at 25 a ton; such a mixture we believe to be preferable to barley meal, and it cer- tainly costs less per ton at almost any season unless the cheapest grinding barleys are used, when it comes to much the same thing, as a larger quantity is necessary to bring a pig to the same weight. At half-a-crown a bushel, maize costs a halfpenny per pound, but to allow for a rise in the market and the addition ot another food, such as middlings, we will assume that a bushel costs 3s, so that 51bs.. which it has been repeatedlyoshown is capable of producing lib. of live pig, would cost 3d. Assuming young well-fed pork to sell at 6d per lb. carcase weight, or about 4d live weight, there is a distinct margin of profit over and above the manure, which is a considerable item to any occupier of land. For bacon pigs, the benefit will not be found so large, inasmuch ae more food is required to produce such pound of live-weight, while bacon factors do not give more than froo>k 5d to Sytd va pound carcass weight. Killing Fowls. With regard to the mode of killing fowls intended for sale, the almost universal practice in England is to break their necks. This should be done by seizing the legs of the fowl in the left hand and the head in the right, the back of the bird being upwards, and the comb in the hollow .)f the hand. If the legs of the bird are then held against the left hip and the head against the right thigh near the knee, by strongly extending the fowl, and at the same time bending the head suddenly backwards, the latter is dislooated from the top of the neck, and death results instan- taneously, all the large vessels being torn across and the blood escaping into the skin of the neck. MuBOular contractions, however, remain for some minubes, during which time the fowl, if put down, knocks itself about, bruising the flesh. It should, therefore, be held in the hand or hung up by a tiring round the legs to a hook in tbe ceiling. The fowl, having been killed, should be plucked whilst warm; in fact, the professional killers prooeed to remove the feathers immediately after dislocating the neck, as they tibon ceme out very easily, and the skin does not tear. When care- fully plucked the fowls should be placed on their back- the hocks being tied together, the wings twisted behind the back and the neck allowed to hang down, so that the fluid blood accumulates in it. Under no oiroumstanees should the breast bone be broken, as it deteriorates the value of the fowl. No brassing should be allowed at a show of dead poultry. The hocks should be merely tied together, and the fowls shown without the breast bone being broken, as seen in the engraving. All rowls should be shown in precisely the same 'innner, plucked," but not drawn or trussed. They should be displayed on a raised shelf, with ite head banging down. Varieties of Goats, There are two varieties of goats common to i,hiti country, the short-haired or English goat proper, more OT less crossed with foreign breeds, and the long-haired Irish or Welsh goat. These are met with at market towns in the summer months, having come in droves, chiefly from Ireland. They have long hair and upright pointed horns, whioh they are somewhat prone to use when handled. Such goats oanl often be had very cheap by a little bargaining with the drover, but they require to be carefully examined, other- wise in nine oases out of ten the buyer will be taken in. He will naturally look for a large udder, and frequently get it, but let him beware hall it is not a fleshy one, for if so it will give a comparatively small yield of milk for its size. The udder of a milker is tbin in substance, and when empty can be crumpled up in the hand, so to speak, whilst the fleshy bag is solid to the feel and appears nearly as full after milking as before. In buying a goat it is generally advisable to see it milked twice in succession—in other words, morning and evening-but when bought out of a drove this cannot easily be done, the herd being in one place to-day and another to-morrow. Milking only once is but little guide as to yield. as the milk drawn may be the accumulation of two day?. The prices of these goats range from 2511 to 30s, but it is hardly possible to get one worth having for much less chan the latter figure. The goat that pays best to keep is the short-haired—one with a nest head, well-rounded and deep frame, and long, level lx>dy. The kids from these will sell well, while those from the long-haired species cannot be got rid of, as there is practically no demand for them. Short-haired goats cost, however, rather more to buy, and to obtain one yielding two quarts it may be necessary to pay from 22 to B2 10. but it will fetch a correspondingly better price when sold, even if dry. Pears on Cottage Walls. Not only a cottage wall, but the wall of any outbuilding may be used to ad vzvnt-age by growing fruit; and there is, perhaps, no fruit that will give better returns and cause less tronble than the pear. Pears are not troubled with-Insects so much as stone fruits, and with good aspect and soil excellent specimens ean be grown. For general planting in this manner it will be best to procure trees ou the pear stock while as regards training, the best systems are the Palmette and the horizontal. In the horizontal system the branches are trained at right angles to the main stem, while in the Palmette the branches, after they have been trained a little distance horizontally, run in an upward direction. For covering the gable end of a cottage the latter is the best system of training. Pear trees—good strong maidens-are to be obtained from almost any large nurseryman at aboub a shilling each, while trained fruiting trees can be had forl from six |to eight shillings. A few good varieties for the purpose mentioned are Marif Louise, very juicy and rich, one of the best pears grown Louise Bonne of Jersey, a delicious fruit and great bearer, this will also do well se a pyramid Winter Nelia, a useful variety, with a very noh flavour Pitmaston Duchess, a large long pear, which does well in all forms of braining Williams Bon Chretien—or "William" as it is usually called-is too well known to re- quire describing. One of the best late pears is Easter Beurre, a juicy and rich sugary kind Birgamotte d'Esperen is a medium roundish fruit, juicy and melting, and a good bearer. Plant the trees as soon as tbe leaves fall. After planting plaoe a good malch of half-rotted manure, and allow the rains to wash it in.

Welsh Tit-Bits. I Neu Wreichion Oddiar yr Eingion, By Cadrawd. THE POPULARITY OF WELSH AIRS. In the professional life of Mr Dibdin is the following narrative:—" 1 sent my opera of Liberty Hall' to Drury-lane; the piece came out. and the very names of The Eligh Mettled Racer, "Jack Ratlin,' 1 The Bells of Aberdovey, and others of the songs, will be sufficient to describe its reception. It was performed with Otbetio,' in whioh, by the keeping in all the passages usually rejected, Mr Kemble had lengthened the play so immoderately that he was tedious as a prince. This was on the tenth night —it was Saturday. The play began at half-past six, and about half an hour past twelve on Snnday morning, Dodd was singing The Bells of Aberdovey. St. Winifred's, King James n. paid a visit to S-. Winifred's Well in the year 1686, and it is recorded that he was rewarded for his piety by a present which was made to him of the very shift in which his great grandmother,! Mary Stuart, lost her bead. This extraordinary spring of water, of which so much has been written of late, is one of the finest wells in Great Britain. By two different trials and calculations which were made it was found to pour out about 20 tons of water every minute. It never freezes, or scarcely varies in quantity of water in drought or after the heaviest rains. Cromleehau. I Angtosea is celebrated for its Cromlecbau. tbe rudest form of monuments. They are formed of a number of rough stones set up on end, which serves as supporters to one of several tons weight laid on the silmmil It is not quite certain what was the original intent of these wonderful erections. There are some of the opinion that they were erected over the sepulohres either of the Druids (whose chief residence was in the Isle of Anglesea) or of Welsh Princes and other distinguished persons. These rude monuments are also found in most every other county in Wales. In Breconshire there is a most remarkable one which is called St. Illtud's Hermitage, the construction of which is of the simplest fashion. Two flat stones are placed parallel to each other upright in the ground, leaving an interval of about four feet; a third of a similar kind is placed at right angle with these, and reaching from one to the other. Over the whole is placed in a sloping position a large flagstone about eight feet in length, which forms the roof, elevated about four feet from the ground. On one of the sides of the stones are several rude figures, crosses, &o., of antique form and sculpture. The traditionary legend in the neighbourhood states that this place was the religious retreat or hermitage of the famous insinb whose name it bears the founder of Llanflltyd, in Glamorganshire. Illtud was associated with Germanus and Lupus in their mission from Gaul to suppress the Pelagian heresy (Morganiaetb.) Previous to this time there existed at Llantwit a collegiate institution which was dominated Cor, or Bangor Tewdws, the college or congregation of Thedosius, the original foundation of this institution at Caer Worgon being ascribed to one emperor of that name. On the arrival of these missionaries they found that the seminary at Oaer Worgon had been destroyed by pagan Irish, who at the same time carried away with them St. Patrick the Superior, who then taught there, to Ireland. Illtud at once restored the oollege, and was there- fore called Cor Dltud, after his name. Besides being a preacher of Christianity, the name of Illtud Vawr is honoured among the Walsh on account of his introducing among them an im. proved manner of ploughing land, for previous to his advent the Welsh in Glamorgan ploughed with what was called arad arsang," a over. treading plough and a mattook. The date of the new foundation by St. Illtud of Bangor Illtud is fixed by ecclesiastical historians in the year 448. Laws Relating to Wales. After the insurrection of Owain Glyndwr laws were passed by the English Parliament so severe, and were put into execution with the most relentless vigilance. The death of Glyndwr was most fatal to the interest of the Principality, and all the energy of the Welsh seems to have died with this distinguished patriot and determined chieftain. Glyndwr was the only Welsh insurgent who was formally crowned and acknowledged Prince of Wales. He did not, like the insurgents in the reign of Edward, perish on the scaffold. He is also the only Welsh chieftain who is introduced into the chronicles of the English historians. The following laws were passed, to which the Welsh were subjected for a long period after Owain's death. A whole-born Welshman was incapacitated from purchasing property in England, or from being made burgess in any English town. It was ordained that an Englishman, marry- ing a Welshwoman, should loose his privileges, and be rendered incapable of holding any office under Government in the Principality. No Englishman by the same ^statute could be convioted in Wales at the suit of a Welshman, unless by English justices, and the evidence of English burgesses. That no wasters, rhymers, minstrels, or other vagabonds were allowed to make assemblies, or collections that no Welshman should bear arms; that no victuals, arms, or ammunition should be taken into Wales, and that no Welshman should be allowed to command any castle, fortress, or house of defence." Such in substanoefoere some of the Acts paraed in the reign of Henry IV., under which the Cymry lived in those dark and dreary days, when crimes of the deepest die were perpetrated in open and daring defiance of the law. The union of Wales with England must be looked upon as the first step towards the abolition of these gloomy and disgraceful practices. This law was enacted in the reign of Henry VIII. In the beginning of the year 1553 it was ordained that the dominion of Wales should be united and annexed to and with the realm of England, and that all persons born, and to be bom, in the said Principality, country, and dominion of Wales, should have, enjoy, and inherit all and singular freedom, liberties, rights, privileges, and laws within the King's realm, as others of the King's subjeots, naturally born within the same, have, enjoy, and inherit." By the same statute, two members were to be returned to Parliament for the county of Monmouth and one for each of the shires in Wales. By this wise and efficient policy the Engl ishmouarch effected the subversion of the turbulent Welshmen, and they beoamesoon among the most loyal subjects to tbe British Throne. Expounding the Scriptures. A Welsh clergyman in a rural parish in Wales, who flourished during the first decade of the present centnry, preached one Sunday morning an eloquent sermon from Matthew 5, 39, But whosoever shall smite thee on the right cheek turn to him the other also," In the ohurchyard after the ati-v ice the clerk spoke very highly to the vioar of his sern,on that morning, and re- marked that if he could only live up to what he preached he would be a very good man. You are quite welcome," said the vicar, to put me to the test," and he turned his right cheek, and invited the clork to strike him, which he did, and the man of God (!) turned to him the other also, and a blow was dealt on the left cheek. I I There," said the parson, "what have you to say now?" "Well," said the clerk, "I confess that you are a far better tempered man than I ever thonght you were." The clerk now turned to go home, but the vicar bid him wait, and informed him that another portion of Scripture said, That with what measure ye mete it shall be measured to you again," and the Vioar repaid his clerk the blows with interest, and there was a regular fight between them in the graveyard, when the squire of the parish happened to drive past. On seeing the men fighting in the consecrated ground on a Suuday morning, he sent his servant to inquire the cause of such extraordinary behaviour. The Vicar told the man, Tell thy master from me, that the olerk and myself are only expounding the Scriptures." An Old Welsh Custom. A curious custom among the Welsh in churobes long age during service and the sermon, was, whenever the devil was mentioned by the clergyman, the people spat on the floor, as expressing abborenoa.

GOSSIPS' CORNER. The Welsh motto of the Rhondda Oysmxk dorion is Heb nerth, heb ddylanwad." (Without strength, without influence). Shades of Cadwallader I A Penarth raw delighting in the unpronounceable name of Otto Maczealeas was represented to the Revising Barrister as a Welshman. Councillor Saunders, of Barry, protested to his fellow-members recently that to plant trees in aotf at Cadoxton would be like placing a crab to thrive in the mast-bead of a ship. The oldest Oddfellow in the Llanelly district it Mr R. B. Christopher, of Gowerton, who blf been a member of the Prince of Wales Lodge foI 55 yeaxs. He was Grand Master of the district as far back as 1847. The Rev. John Pugh, Cardiff, and the Rev. W. Lewis, Pontypridd, are expected to arrive in thic country from South Afnoa on the 10th insi6 They sailed from Cape Town in the Harlech Castle on the 16th ultimo. A Barry Conservative working man, whou influence is considered very great by his olub- fallows, stoutly maintains that Mr Gladstone it the only man that can prevent these 11 bawhd hatrooiouses in Armenia. Carmarthen, says the Weekly Reporter of that town, has a brand new fire-engine, and, it adds, now that we have had it, we don't know what to do with it." Lacky Carmarthen May iC never have a worse grievanoeL The Secretary of the Barry Cymru Fydd Society has assumed a grave and solemit demeanour. He is making an effort to live up fIQ. the title of rev." which slipped in front of hit name in these columns the other day. Two athletic Welshmen are making things hunt in the States just now. Ernest Jones, of tht Australian Cricket XL, is shattering stumpy and Jimmy Michael is breaking records, whU( Brother Jonathan looks on in dismay. A work on Welsh bibliography, embracing all books and pamphlets in the ancient tongue down to the present time, is projected and in course ot compilation by Mr Charles Ashton. It will supplement, it is expected, the work of Rowlands, which is useless for the present century. The Rev. J. H. Hector told his audienee at Cardiff the other evening that the reason for his selecting the title-" The Devil Dressed it White"—for a lecture, was that there should be no fear of the audience mixing up the devil with himself. Needless to remark, the lecturer is as ebony-skinned negro I Some people can maintain their dignity undei circumstances of the deepest humiliation. For instance, a female defendant at the Aberavon Police Court, having not the wherewithal to pay a fine, declared that she could go down tct Swansea Gaol like a Lady and come out like a Queen But how doee a Queen come oat of' Swansea Gaol ? Dr. Daniel), of Edinburgh, in his lecture before the Llanelly Cymmrodorion Society on Wednea. day night, said that the people of Bast Carmarthenshire had the purest Brythonic blood of any in Wales. Doesn't the doctor himself hai| from East Carmarthen ? The lecturer fortbetf convincingly demonstrated that Lord Salisborf was a Welshman-likewise St. Patrick. Thegentleman whoohampioned tbegirlsof Walef in Reynolds' the other day might have adduced examples of prominent Welshwomen ad ityfbnitwn. Is it not a peculiar fact that three of the greatest statesmen of the Victorian era should have beeg, overcome by the attractions of Merched Oymru- Uml Beawus"d, Richard Cobden, and W. 1%, Gladstone all married Welsh girls. And them testimony is that they never repented it. The Rev. T. Eynon Davies left Glasgow oft Thursday for his southern pastorate in Beckenhauv Kent, after five years' faithful labour in the Scottish city. An interesting gathering of 000- gregational ministers and their wives, from Glasgow and the neighbourhood, was held the other evening in the Coekburn Hotel to bitl farewell to the miuister of Elgin-plaoe Churck and his wife on the occasion of their departure. The Conway Guardians in North Wales reoently issued a placard stating that in future no relief would be granted by them in cases in which destitution was the result of intemperance* Following up this announcement, the rev, gentleman, who presided at a meeting of the board yesterday, requested the relieving offioert to make full inquiry into the past lives of ag applicants for relief, as the board was determined "to refuse relief absolutely where destitution was caused by drunkenness." A correspondent does not share the opiniat of Herber that the Welsh pulpit is not now getting the best that Wales can give." "Not even excepting those of our countrymen," writef this correspondent, who have ohmbed to btR\ positions in England there are still to be found it Wales and in the rural districts, too, men of t superior calibre to the generality of their brethrey who find delight in preaching for a bigger screfll to dull and unstable congregations across th< border. What a sorry show would the Rev. Jobit Arian Davies, M.A., D.D., etc., make on the platform of the Gymanfa before plain old Jones, Boddlondeb. Writes "R.L,"—"In a book of translate^ Welsh lyrics which appeared a short while appears a little poem, To the Cuckoo,' reputed to be by Caledfryn. Surely there must be some mistake, as the poem was written by John Logati (1748-1788), a Scotch poet. When Logan'# original poem and this translation are placed in parallel columns, there oan be no doubt as to the authenticity of this little lyric." Our correspond dent forwards copies of both poems, and his con* tention is fully substantiated. The Welsh poem it evidently a translation by Caledfryn of Logan's original, and in the book referred to the translar tion is translated back again to English with remarkable fidelity. However severe may be the struggle between Lord Penrhyn and his quarrymen now on strike there is no room to fear any disturbance of the public peace. On the occasion of the last strike in 1874 the authorities, frightened out of theil wits, imported a contingent of policemen into the district. They are not now likely to repeat the experiment. In 1874, as the police contingent was marched through the street to strike terror into the hearts of the riotously inclined quarry- men who were supposed to have endangered life and property, the very men they came to overawe were going in their hundreds to the great ohapal at Bethesda-the largest building for many milee around-not, however, to hatch a conspiracy, os to arrange for blowing up of the quarry, butaimply to hear the preaching of the Gospel. Tht preacher was the late Rev. Dr. Rees (Gwilym, Hiraethog), of Liverpool, and the chapel woki packed to its utmost capacity that night. whil< the police paraded the deserted streets to preserve the peace The contrast was so great, and th< situation of the civil force so absolutely rídiealoa" that next day they were withdrawn from thf locality.

A SATURDAY SERMON. Taste, if it mean anything but a paltry ooVi uoisseursbip, must mean a general susceptibility to truth and nobleness a sense to discern, and < heart to love and reverence all beauty, order, goodness, wheresoever or in whatsoever torms and accompaniments they are to be seen. This surely implies, as its chief condition, not any given external want or situation, but a finely gifted mind, purified into harmony with itself, into keenness and justness of vision; above aU. kindled into love and admiration. Is culture (of this sort found exclusively among the highev ranks ? We believe it proceeds less from without than within in every rank. The charms at nature, the majesty of man, the infinite loveliness, of truth and Ylrliu", are not hidden from the eye of the poor, but from the eye of the vain, the corrupted, and self-seeking, be he poor or nob. In old age, the humble mint trel, a mendicant* and lord of nothing but s harp and his own free soul, had intimations of these glories; while eo the proud baron in his barbaric halls Liley were unknown. 114