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.= LONDON LETTER.
.= LONDON LETTER. LONDON, Monday Night. Lord Granville's secretary writes from Walmer to say that the negotiations between England and Russia are still going on, and there is little doubt they will con- tinue to do so for some time to come. Fortunately we shall not now have long to wait before being placed in possession of official information how the matter really stands. The public is becom- ing rather impatient over the long delay. The Cabinet will, however, meet on Tues- day afternoon, and when the House of Commons re-assembles, Mr Gladstone will be able to make an announcement which it is believed will be satisfactory. It is grati- fying to know that he did not carry out his intention of addressing a body of excursionists on his lawn on Saturday, and that he has reserved his strength for the House of Commons. He will require the whole of it when he gets back to West- minster. There are no more holidays now, only a straight run of work to the end of a session which promises to be as tempestuous in its closing hours as it was between February and the Whit-sun recess. The question of the Crimes Act has during the time of the parlia- mentavy ^i»-rluc.enh J* so, however, with another C'alHuCt difficulty,, and that is the Budget. The fight çyer the proposals of the Ministry haS gon* on with- out signs of abatement. A demonstration b. Hyde Park in favour of the Government on Saturday was followed by one against it yesterday, and there is little doubt that the gatherers together of the opposition have considerably the advantage. The [Crimes Act. the Budget, the Welsh Intermediate Education Bill, and the Scotch Crofters' Bill, some more votes of censure, debates in supply—here are ample materials for many weeks of talk. Mr Gladstone will be weary enough before he has done with it, and has thus done wisely in keeping quiet atHawarden. That the disqualification of poor house- holders for the receipt of parish medical relief is a grievance is admitted, but the nonsense which is talked and written about it is likely, if continued, to bring the subject into ridicule. A suburban resident journeying by rail into the city catches in his eye a cinder from the engine, goes to an ophthalmic hospital and gets it taken out. He then writes to the papers to know whether by accept- ing this relief he has lost his vote. He ought to "know that the London hospitals Are supported not by the parish rates, but by voluntary contributions. Mr Disraeli, in 1867, was. very emphatic on the personal payment of rates as a qualification for the franchise and although this hard and fast line, as Mr Henley might have called it, was considerably modified, the legislature has never given the suffrage to those in receipt of parochial relief in any form. The difficulty in the present case is this :—The poor householder in the town can go to the nearest dispensary and obtain medicine from an institution supported by the voluntary contri- butions of the public. This vote is not affected, but in the rural districts the workhouse dispensary is the only one in existence. So what is the poor householder to do The ignorance and inconsistency of the Peers are never more clearly illustrated than in the decision at which they arrived on this question. Both Mr Chamberlain and Lord Randolph Churchill returned to London yesterday from Paris, where they did not seem to care to remain to-day. We know something of what the lowest classes of the French capital are like, and how, when there is a chance of creating disorder, they delight in doing it. The statesman and the politician so well known in England have therefore given the Communists a wide berth over the funera of Victor Hugo. The more the abandonment of the Port Said hospital scheme is thought over, the more extraordinary it seems that such a proposal could ever have been floated from the Mansion House. The Prince of Wales appears to have been captivated with it, and spoke warmly in its favour at the time, but with the S16,000 which the Gordon Memorial Committee have in hand, they can perpetuate his memory much better than by building a hospital at such an out-of-the-way place as Port Said. The project seems to have been fathered by Admiral Sir Edward Inglefield, but how it came to be endorsed by a body of practical men must for ever remain a mystery. Sir Samuel Wilson, who made an honest fortune in Australia and came to England to spend it, is still determined to achieve a place in the House or Commons, and possibly political renown. It is characteristic of his shrewdness that, having to settle the initial question of whether he should come out as a Liberal or Conservative, he selected the latter colours. It seems a little anomalous that a man who has made his fortune in the rough and tumble scramble for life in a still comparatively new colony should, on his return to the old country, set up in political business as a Tory. But Sir Samuel was quite right. There are plenty of men such as he on the Liberal side, to which naturally they gravi- tate. Self-made men are a rarity in the Conservative ranks, and it is much better to be a rarity than one of a class. Sir Samuel's businesslike way of embarking upon politics was further shewn by his purchase of Hugh- cnden. He had to pay pretty high for his whistle. But money is comparatively a secondary object to him. To live in the house where the Earl of Beaconsfield dwelt, to walk the paths trodden by his feet, perchance to sleep in his very bed—these were things never dreamt of in early squatting days. Tenancy of Hughenden could not induct him forthwith into the other places vacated by Lord Beaconsfield. He would not be the rose but at least he would live where the rose had lived. Sir Samuel stoutly stands a good deal of chaff; but up to this point he is invulner- able. He has, however, lately performed an act which suggests that he is, after all, not such a shrewd man as one would like to think, or that Hughenden has turned his head. It will be remembered that three years ago a demented grocer's assistant, named Maclean, snapped an empty pistol at the Queen as she drove out of Windsor Castle. There was a great crowd .about in addition to the usual escort of soldiers and attendance of police. Amongst others near were a lot of Eton boys, and, when the report was heard, and the police and the crowd threw themselves upon the assailant, these young gentlemen amused .themselves and gratified their sense of loyalty by prodding the wretched grocer in the back with their umbrellas. It appears that a son of Sir Samuel Wilson was among these fearless and devoted youths, and the iond parent has now actually placed a stained-glass window in the church at Hughenden in commemoration of the part played by his son upon this historic occasion. LONDON, Tuesday Night. The splendid weather which came in with June makes every holiday heart hopeful for the prospects of to-morrow upon Epsom Downs. After the drenching of yesterday week, it would be hard lines to have to put up with a wet Derby day. Rain or sunshine makes all the difference to the enjoyment of the vast multitude which assembled to witness what Lord Palmerston used to describe as our Isthmian games, which the veteran statesman was accustomed to enjoy as much ts anybody. One of his greatest political antagonists, the late Lord Derby, was also a familiar figure on the Downs, and when Toxopholite was beaten came back looking very much displeased. It was the year when Parliament, in the midst of 4 debate involving the fate of the noble sari's administration, adjourned for the Derby, to the great admiration of Count Mont-alcmbert. This year there has been ns necessity for a Derby adjournment, and it is quite possible that the last of these motions has been made. Miss Helen Taylor will find herself mis- taken in supposing that the electors of North Camberwell intend to disfranchise themselves by returning her to Parliament. She seemed to speak very confidently at a meeting of Radicals last night, but these do not make up the bulk of the electorate, and it is hoped that the Liberal party, by starting a good candidate, will save the House of Commons the intolerable innoyance which the raising of a woman's rights question in this particular shape would cause in that Assembly. Miss Taylor is very well known ai South wark, which she represents upon J the London School Board. She has a com- pact and active body of Radical supporters in that borough, so why she should come into a division where she is a compleie stranger is not clear. She tells us that there is no law against women sitting in Parlia- ment, but one can very speedily be made, and in such a case there would not be the slightest trouble in obtaining the sanction of the House of Lords. It is announced to-day that the question of submitting the Penj-deh incident to arbitration is approaching a settlement, and that the English and Russian Governments have just come to an agreement to invite the King of Denmark to act as arbitrator after having assured themselves of his readiness to undertake the task. Many persons were under the impression that the consent of the King of Denmark had been obtained some weeks ago. The choice can scarcely be described as unexceptionable. The King of Denmark is connected by marriage with the reigning families of both countries —one of his daughters is the Princess of Wales, and another is Empress of Russia. His Majesty has no weight in the councils of Europe. A suggestion made last week naming the German Emperor was, however, much worse. To say nothing of his great age, and his infirm health, all his associations and predilections arc Muscovite. Some unimpor- tant dispute between Great Britain and the United States was re- ferred to the Emperor William twelve or thirteen years ago, and the decision was given against us. The best arbitrator in Europe would have been the King of Italy. He is the sovereign of a great power, and his judgment would have commanded general respect. Ministers m a;eady assembling in town. Lord Hartington is on iluty at the War Office, Earl Granville is in attendance at the Foreign Office, and Mr Childera resume his duties at the Treasury in the morn- ing. Putting aside the sinecures in the Cabinet, the Privy Seal, and the Duchy of Lancaster, the ministry of finance must be the easiest of the £5,000 a-year offices. Contrast his labour with that of either of the Secretaries of State, or the First Lord of the Admiralty, and there is a wonderful difference. Mr Gladstone, when Chancellor of the Exchequer, would not have regretted being out of the office during the nine or ten months of the year that he had practically nothing to do, for of course he could not take up the work of a subordinate. The preparation of the budget and the carrying through Parliament of the necessary measures, of which it is the basis, do not, as a rule, occupy long. In Mr Gladstone's Chancellorship, at all events, these matters were soon disposed of. His budgets were received as is the declaration of a good dividend at a railway meeting. There was nothing whatever to grumble a bout, and so the business was very speedily over. There is general relief to-day over the quietude which attended the magnificent ceremonial in Paris, yesterday, on the occa- sion of Victor Hugo's funeral. Bets had been freely laid in London on Sunday nigh that bloodshed of a fatal character would be witnessed in the streets of the French capital. After Victor Hugo was expelled from Jersey he lived 15 years in Guernsey, returning to Paris OR the fall of the Empire. Hauteville House, a neat little mansion overlooking the sea, was the place of his residence, and many a youthful islander of that time now. in his maturer age can tell pleasant stories of the hospitality and affability of the illustrious Frenchman who has now been called to his rest. I hear that Mr Sala's lecture tour in the United States has not proved very profit- able, at least not for the enterprising person who "ran him." Mr Sala's bargain was that he should deliver fifteen lectures in America, receiving for each the handsome fee of £50. The American who made this offer called upon Mr Sala in London and proved his respectability by paying £500 down. This was a tempting offer Mr Sala did not feel able to resist. He had not in- tended to visit America, had indeed, I believe, actually taken his passage on one of the Provincial and Oriental steamers direct for Australia. But S750 was not to be scouted, and he accordingly closed with the liberal offer, Mrs Sala going on to Melbourne by herself. He duly delivered ten lectures, which to all outward appearance, seemed successful enough. But the speculative manager did not take that view of the matter. He had paid JS500, and Sala had delivered ten lec- tures. There he begged and prayed might be an end of the business, and Sala consent- ing, the contract was torn up. As far as it went it had been a good thing, and, what- ever may have happened to the manager, the lecturer was the richer by £500. But this was all that Sala made during his run across the United States. He picked up with another manager shortly after the first had departed, and under his direction delivered a series of lectures in the far West. These were not paid at the same rate as the others, but they served. Whilst the Chancellor of the Exchequer is groaning under enhanced expenditure, and an income that doe3 not naturally keep pace it, there is one source of inoome which is advancing by leaps and bounds. This is the profit on the coinage of copper. It always has been a profitable business. But just now copper is lower than it has ever been since the time of Alexander the cop- persmith, whilst the minting of pennies, unlike all other kinds of manufacture, is not influenced by the cost of the raw material. Copper is now sold at from £43 to £44 a ton. Forty-eight pennies weigh as nearly as possible one pound, and 107,520 go to the ton, which, being circulated as pence and halfpence, is of the value of £449. Say that the cost of coining a ton is JS4, we have here a nett profit of JB400 on every ton of copper dealt with. There are minute proportions of tin and zinc in the copper coinage, the quantities being four of tin, one of zinc, and ninety-five of copper. But the high price of tin and the low price of zinc may be taken as balancing each other, and the nett value of the raw material of our pence is the current market quotations of copper. LONDON, Wednesday Night. Telegraphing last night, the Berlin corres- pondent of the Times says :—"In discussing the official denial of the statement that the question of the Russo-Afghan frontier has been finally settled, most of the German journals take for granted that the denial means nothing more than that the assertion wasinjudiciously premature." That is, I believe, the true explanation of the incident. It is stated in some papers—and the Pall Mall Gazette to-night assumes it as a fact— that Sir Charles Dilke and Mr Chamberlain actually tendered their resignation to Mr Gladstone on the eve of the adjournment for the Whitsun recess. This is not the case. The full history was set forth in your columns at the time. I believe it is the fact that resignation has not been mentioned, either by written or spoken word, between the protesting Ministers and Mr Gladstone. All that was .settled on the day of the adjournment was that Sir Charles Dilke, Mr Chamberlain, and Mr Shaw Lefevre would resign if the Coercion Act with its principal clauses were renewed for more than one year. That statement precisely describes the position of affairs to- night. Of course during the recess, and more particularly during the fortuitous con- course at Dublin of Sir Charles Dilke, Lord Hartington, and Earl Spencer, the matter was talked over, and I believe something like an understanding was arrived at between the extreme sections of opinion in the Cabinet, but till after the Council meet- ing to-morrew nothing is or can be settled. This has been a magnificent day, and it appears probable that the crowd at the Derby was never greater at any point of observation. At the railway station, in the trains, or on the stand it seemed impossible that more people could be gathered together. It was at the finish a splendid race. °For a moment the cry of "Paradox wins, Paradox wins rent the air. Melton, who had been left a good length behind, came along with a powerful stride, winning by what the judges call a head, though, as far as length was concerned, it looked much more like a finger nail. This is the fourth Derby won by Fred Archer. If the purpose of Mr G!adstone's reply to the invitation to stand for the Shipley Division of the West Riding be accurately reported, it settles the long vexed question of whether he will stand for the new Parlia- ment. Not only, according to the account, is the Premier ready and eager to contest Midlothian, but he provides himself with another constituency to fall back upon supposing he should be beaten The report is certainly in accordance with probability. What Mr'Gladstone will do after the fate of parties has been decided at the general election is a matter probably he has not settled in his own mind but he is certainly bound to place himself in the forefront of a battle which will naturally rage around the actions of his own Government during the past six years. Having a personal knowledge of the state of electoral affairs in Midlothian, I fancy there is little chance of the timely fidelity of Shipley being availed of. Mr Gladstone was returned in 1880 by a majority that far exceeded expectation, and it is not likely to be reduced in November. The Premier will be opposed by Mr Dalrymple, a quiet steady-going Scotchman, who is much safer in his present constituency than he will be in Midlothian. The Cobden Club have very wisely re- turned to their old flag in the matter of a chairman for the annual dinner. Two years ago they had Mr Chamberlain in the chair, and the President of the Board of Trade made a rattling speech that brought the dinner into the front rank of political events of the day. This was the occasion when Clemenceau was invited as a guest, much to the horror of some good Whigs who straightway washed their hands of the club and all its works, including the President, in whose mind, as is well known at Brooks's, there lurka "much matter dangerous to the State." Last year the chairman was carefully sought among moderate Liberals, even of the Whig per- suasion, and the dinner went off decorously —perhaps a little dully. This year it will come to the front again since Sir Charles Dilke has been invited, and has accepted the position of chairman. The dinner is fixed for Saturday week, and will take place, as usual, at the Ship, at Greenwich. The popularity and importance of the dinner varies with the personality of the chairman, but one thing is always unvaried, and that is. the excellence of the material dinner itself. This is matter which the president, the popular member-; for Rochdale, nourishes under his especial care, and takes a. pride in maintaining the high repute of the feast. However the motto of the club may apply to political affairs, it is quite out of place in connection with the annual dinner. This is an entertainment in the abundant excellence of which there is no retrenchment," aud in its general arrangement there is no opening for reform." The visitor to the lobby of the House of Commons of late could not fail to notice a man who usually stood between the door- way where Lord Kensington keeps watch and the entrance to the House of Com- mons. The stranger appears to be about thirty-seven or thirty-eight years of age, of slight figure, with a distinct stoop at the shoulders, dressed in a rough serge suit, clearly not made in Bond-street, a low crowned hat, and boots apparently selected on the principle that guides the choice of the policemen in this particular matter. In view of the strict regulations which keep strangers at arms length from the lobby of the House of Commons, the marvel is how this odd-looking person got in. The surprise is increased when it is discovered that he knows nearly every- body. Mr Gladstone passing through the lobby smiles upon him, and stops to shake ha.nds. The stranger is the Hon. Auberon Herbert, once a member of the House of Commons, but now, and for ten years past, content to direct the affairs of the nation through letters written in the columns of the Times. When Mr Herbert sat in Par- liament (it was the Parliament of 1868) he was a Radical. It is difficult to say what he is now, except that he is exceedingly dis- satisfied with the Government of Mr Gladstone. His frequent anpearance in the lobby and his consultations with the whips, and other members, seem to indicate an in- tention of returning. Mr Herbert's earliest parliamentary career is distinguished only by a single incident. He was one of the principals in the scene which marked the last days of the Parliament of 1868, and which is worthy to compare with anything that has happened during either of its successors. It was on the night when Sir Charles Dilke, now a member of the Queen's Privy Council and a Cabinet Minister, moved a resoluting de- manding an enquiry into the expenditure under the Civil List. Mr Gladstone said the other night, and protested in the face of Sir Michael Beach's denial, that scenes such as were at the moment passing through the House were of recent origin. He could have only momentarily forgotten this re- markable scene. Sir Charles Dilke was greeted, throughout his short and moderate speech, with constant groans and howls from the shocked Conservatives. When Mr Auberon Herbert rose from his side to second the motion, there fell upon him an avalanche of sound and fury, signifying that he should not be heard at any price. Nor was he. He sought to fill up intervals by getting in a remark, shouted at the top of his voice. But he was not permitted to utter two consecutive sentences, and finally someone brought the scene to a conclusion, as far as the outside public were concerned, by spying strangers. It was upon this occasion that Mr Cavendish Bentinck was reported to have gone out behind the Speaker's chair and crowed thrice." This Mr Bentinck has publicly denied, in which case there is no alternative from the painful conclusion that it must have been Mr Lowther who contributed to the debate an admirable imitation of a crowing cock. Mr Bentinck and Mr Lowther, were, I well remember, the only members behind the Speaker's chair at the moment.
DEFR AUDTNG~NEWPORT AUCTIONEERS.
DEFR AUDTNG~NEWPORT AUCTIONEERS. LONDON MONEY-LENDERS' SIXTY PER CENT. At Newport borough police-court, on Wednes- day, thepresiding magistrates had before them the remanded case of false pretences against William Hunter, lately manager to the Newport and Alexandra Omnibus Company. The specific charge was that on the 10th October last prisoner obtained £135 by false pretences from Mr E. G. Balding. The prosecutor at that time was a member of the firm of Parsons and Robjent, auctioneers and estate agents, and was engaged by prisoner to sell his household furni- ture. This furniture was at 3, Rutland-terrace, Pill. The landlady of the house made application to the auctioneers to secure her rent, and the result of a conversation was that .prisoner stated that there was no other encumbrance on the goods. The auction was held, and prisoner received j3155 15s as the nett produce. In April last the prosecutors received a writ from the Con- solidated Credit and Mortgage Corporation, Ld., 40, Great Tower street, to recover the value of the goods which they had sold illegally, as they held a bill of sale on them. The prosecutors, acting under the advice of their solicitors, paid J655 in satisfaction of the claim. — Dr. Woollett: What amount do the corporation charge for in- terest ?—Mr Bailhache (prisoner's solicitor): Sixty per cent. I believe £120 was received by prisoner under the bill of sale, and they received from prisoner up to the 22nd February £101. The transaction was closed in April, so that in 13 months the corporation received JB51 in the shape of interest on the £120.-Thomas Marston Howell, clerk to the money-lending corporation, was summoned to appear. He made a difficulty at the outset as to his expenses, although Mr Lloyd, who prosecuted, stated that he had paid him a sovereign, and would give him the rest of his railway expenses.—Dr Woollett: The witness is merely carrying out the traditions of bis office to get as much money as possible out of the public.—Howell,, in reply to Mr Bailhache, ad- mitted that the payments of £ 10 per month were kept up until February last. Hunter had really paid j350 since the sale of the furniture. Altogether £101. had boen paid. Mr Bailhache, remarking that the payment of 60 per cent. was provided for in the bill of sale, asked the witness whether that was not an ex- tremely moderate rate of interest.—Howell: It is the usual rate.—Mr Bailhache The usual rate I thought it was moderate for you. (Laughter.)—Mr Bailhache contended that prisoner's bona fides were shown by keeping up the payments. —Mr Cul- lum: To keep the fact of the sale hidden. The bench held prisoner had no right to convert the security, and that a prima facie case had been made out. Prisoner was committed for trial at the next quarter-sessions.
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--FINAL SETTLEMENT OF THE…
FINAL SETTLEMENT OF THE NEGOTIATIONS. (FROU THE PRESS ASSOCIATION.) LONDON, Wednesday.—The final settlement of the negotiations between M. do Staal and M. Lessar and Earl Granville and the Earl of Kimberley for the delimitation of the Afghan frontier is now in view. The negotiations were advanced a stage on Tuesday, when Lord Kim- berley came to town specially to confer upon the subject of details still requiring to be settled. His lordship left town afterwards for Kimberley House, Norfolk, and will return to-morrow. It is expected in official circles that by Monday next the Ministers will be enabled to state in Parliament that the basis of an agreement has been arrived at as to the instruction to be given to the officers detailed to mark out the boundary in Afghanistan.
A LAD SHOT AT CARMARTHEN FAIR.
A LAD SHOT AT CARMAR- THEN FAIR. A lad, 13 years of age, named David Edwards, son of a weaver, living at Johnstone, near Car- marthen, was shot, on Wednesday evening, in the fair. He was watching John Roehart, a German, and proprietor of a shooting-gallery, arranging the spring of a gun, when an unex- ploded cartridge, which was in the gun, went off, and the charged lodged in Edwards s head. The lad was taken to the infirmary, where he remains in a dangerous condition. The police have taken possession of the gun. The lad David Edwards, shot at the fair at Carmarthen yesterday, died at 12.30 to-day.
ENCO UNTEH. WITH A WHALE
ENCO UNTEH. WITH A WHALE On Wednesday a remarkable encounter with a whale off the Don egal coast is reported. It seems that while a boat, belonging to St. John's, was fishing, the crew of six observed a working" of sprat, and the men wanting this class of fish for bait, at once stopped fishing, and rowed direct for the working." They at the same time saw several whales, of which there have been a large number in the bay for the past week making for the same place, and when the boat got into the" working "the men were suddenly alarmed by the appearance of a large whale running with open jaws towards the small fish, but at the same time coming directly in contact with the boat. The whale carried away the keel and lower portion of it. The men, who were rendered powerless,sat still on the gunwales of the frail boat, the timbers of which were torn asunder by the whale. The men, aided largely by the experience and advice of the skipper, Thomas Roughter, remained in their places, the boat rapidly sinking to the water level, and ere many moments must have entirely sunk. The occurrence was observed by the other fishing boats in the vicinity of the accident, and a boat, whose skipper is Thomas Kerrigan, rowed over with all haste, and fortu- nately rescued the frightened men from their perilous situation. At Ballins, lleliigs Bay, a dead whale, 80 feet long, has been washed ashore, and is now a huge mass of putrefaction. As it floated in the bay it looked like the hull of a vessel, bottom upwards.
[No title]
The Horse Show will be held at the Agricul. tural Hall, Islington, on Mpswl&y to ot next week.
THE PIT FLOODED. - -
THE PIT FLOODED. TWENTY-FIVE MEN ENTOMBED. [FROM THE CENTRAL NEWS.] DCBHAM, Wednesday.—Great excitement pre- vailed this afternoon throughout the northern colliery district in consequence of the publication of the report of a terrible colliery disaster at the Earl of Durham's pita near Honghton-le-Spring, The first hurriedly telegraphed statement put thi probable loss of life at the appalling figure of 350. Happily, however, the disaster, although it proved upon investigation to be sufficiently grave, was not of such terrible dimensions, and at the moment of telegraphing it is estimated by experts that lnot more than twenty or twenty-five persons have perished. The Earl of Durham has two pits near Pensher, known as ,the Dolly and the Peggy, bcth situated near the Elsworth Colliery, where a disastrous explosion took place some months ago. In these pits there are three seams all connected with one another, and the actual scene of the disaster was in the New Maudlin seam in the Peggy Pit, between 11 and 12 o'clock this morning during the changing of the shifts, numbering 120 men and boys. All the men were at work, unsuspicious of danger, for the ventilation was exceptionally good, and the general atmospheric conditions were unusually favourable to mining operations..Suddenly a putter lad came rushing along the workings, screaming out to the newly arrived shift men to run for their lives as the New Maudlin seam was on fire. The men at once- made their way to the shaft and were auickly drawn to the bank, and the bulk of the men in theHutton seam also made good their escane, Several men coming from another direction narrowly escaped with their lives, and it was not until they reached the bank that the exact character of the calamity became known. The seam was not on fire as at first reported, but some old workings had been broken into, causing a gush of gas followed by a tremendous inpour of water which swept through the work- ings, according to the statement of one of the survivors, like a roaring storm-swollen river. How anybody along the course ot the torrent managed to escape with their lives is almost miraculous. Strong men were swept along for a considerable distance breast deep in the water, and a number of boys were saved only by the gallantry of the men who dragged them along or held them up out of the water at the risk of their own lives. From the character of the disaster, it was not announced to the immediate neighbour hood by the ominous phenomena usually attend- ing colliery explosions. But as soon as the first batch of refugees made their appearance at the bank, the terrible news quickly spread, andy the pit's mouth was, in an incredibr short time, surrounded by a crowd of weeping and wailing women and children, who watched with painful interest and anxiety the arrival of each batch of rescued men. One man, named Reynoldson, a carter and bank overman, was brought to the bank in a pitiable condition suffering from after-damp. It was evident that he could not live long, and, indeed, despite the tender care of the medical men who had hastened to the spot, he died within a few minutes of his arrival at the bank. Mean- while Mr Patterson, of the Miners' Association, Mr Bell, Government inspector, and a number of mining engineers, held a consultation, and with as little delay as possible these gentlemen, together with Mr John Smailes, Mr Ralph Blackburn, Mr Hope, Mr Tate, the manager of the pit, and Mr Stokoe Houghton, descended upon an exploring expedition. They found that the water had first broken away in the new Maudlin seam, at a time when 25 men and lads were working there. Measures were at once taken to stop the inflow of water, and it is hoped that means will be found to prevent the complete flooding of the colliery. LIST OF THE ENTOMBED MEN. The following is a list, as far as can be gained, of the entombed:— John Hovvser, back overman, married, with one child. J. Duglish, hewer, wife and live children. Thomas Duglish, widower. Joseph Robinson and one of his sons, hewers. James Grey, hewer, married, three children. Thomas Jackson, hewer, Joseph Carr, hewer, married, 0": chlld. John Wilkinson, single. J. Lewes, married, brother. Two McLean's, brothers, single. J. Allisou, married, six children. J. Laidler. J. Henderson, putter. G. Kirbley, driver, and H. Davidson. At five o'clock this evening little h:^J v.ws entertained of rescuing any of these alivo. ANOTHER ACCOUNT. An explosion occurred on Wednesday morning at the Margaret pit, one of the Lambton collieries of Lord Durham, and which is known as Peggy pit, situated about a mile and a half from Pensher Station on the Sunderland and Durham Railway. It is stated there were about 150 men in the pit at the time, and that the majority of these escaped. The officials at the Lambton Colliery offices stated that the accident was caused by the pit firing, and that water was admitted through the miners acciden- tally breaking into old workings. They further stated that the 25 men and boys were imprisoned in the pit. Robert Evans, a hewer, has given the following narrativeI went to work this morning with one of the backshift men at ten o'clock, and at that time there was nothing unusual about the pit. We had been at work only about an hour, when a putter lad came by and shouted for all men to come out, as the new Maudlin seam had fired. We then all made our way to the old Maudlin shaft, with which the new Maudlin seam is connected, and were taken out. All the men from the Sutton seam have also been got out. The explosion having happened in the New Maudlin seam, the men working there will be brought out by the New Maudlin shaft, which is not blocked up. Some of the men, in coming out in my company, said they smelled after-damp, but I did not. > The Peggy is one of the safest of Lord Durham's pits. LATEST PARTICULARS. Our Durham correspondent telegraphing late on Wednesday night says It is now hoped that the loss of life at the Margaret Pit will not exceed twelve. Mr Tate, son of the resident inspector, on coming to bank at five o'clock this afternoon stated that the ventilation was good, and the current of air in no way interfered with. Of tne 22 men and boys still entombed 13 had been spoken to they were then imprisoned in the second and fifth headings of the new Maudlin seam. They stated that they could hold out some time longer. Tea and biscuits were sent down, and about half an hour later two brothers, named Daglisb, and a putter boy, named Middlemag, were sent to bank. These were somewhat exhausted, but quite able to walk home. From the statements they made it is hoped that the remaining seven men, with whom no communication has yet been effected, may still be alive. The officials, under the directorship of Mr Tate, the resident inspector, and Mr Fishman, the manager, are doing all in their power to reac" the men. There is a full staff of doctors at i. 3 pit mouth to render any assistance that may be required. The following are the names of the additional men who have been rescued from the pit at Newbottle Colliery — George and Henry McLaren, William Henderson, John Allison, John Lewis, John Wilkinson, John Adamson, and W. and J. Wheeler. Every effort is still being made to get at those yet remaining under- ground. DURHAM, Thursday.—The Press Association correspondent, telegraphing from Fencehouses, saysAffairs at the Peggy pit remain the same as at eleven last nigbt. The explorers who went down the pit have come to the bank, and report the water to be subsiding, and that the feeder is not running as quickly as at first. Precautions are being taken by strengthening the timbering of the roof to prevent accidents to the explorers. Thirteen men are now entombed without hope of recovery. A later telegram from Fencehouses says:— Faint hopes are entertained for the safety of the men entombed, but these are admittedly very slight indeed. Up to noon to-day the explorers at the Philadelphia Colliery, Durham, had not reached the entombed men. They expect to do so during the day, but have faint hopes of finding any alive. The wife of an entombed miner died to-day from the shock, -having been confined on Saturday. An inquest wna opened at Dewbattle, to-day, upon Reynoldson, carter and deputy, who died yes- terday from inhaling noxious gas at the Peggy pit. Only evidence of the identification was called, and after the coroner had suggested the advis- ability of postponing the inquiry until more bodies should be recovered, if those in the pit are dead, the inquest was adjourned.
ARCHBISHOP CROKE AND IRISH…
ARCHBISHOP CROKE AND IRISH PROSPECTS. Archbishop Croke, on his return from Rome, re- plying to an address from the Nationalists of Kingstown, said he would wish to see Ireland re- stored to her pristine grandeur, her soil emanci- pated, her commerce flourishing, and honest in- dustry rewarded. He wished to see Orangeism broken down, and the green flag floating over a prosperous people. They must present a formid- able and united phalanx to a vigilant and crafty foe. He himself would neither be affected by malice nor by misrepresentation. They must never lay down their arms till they recovered every right to which Ireland was entitled.
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EOCAL NOTES AND -"QUERIES.…
EOCAL NOTES AND QUERIES. OonttibutiQnstQ this column. aidnssed to fiEditor Notes and Queries, Cardiff Times, Cardiff""jotll be welcomed, the writer's 1 najnt and address being printed at the foot if each note, unless otherwise desired. Copies of the H Oardiff Times" containing such con- tributions vjitt be sent gratis and post free .to each CQllt ributor.
——..... NOTES.
—— NOTES. awlS MOEBIS, OF EEKTEET EIEIANELL, There appeared in your columns some account of Lewis Morris, the most gifted poet which Wales has produced, but whose writings are not at present sufficiently appreciated by his country- men. His fame, however, stands deservedly high in England. I will not dare to speak ex cathedra upon the question of hereditary genius, but we often find it in history, witness the two Pitts, the Kemble family, Isaac and Benjamin Disraeli, the elder Charles Mathews and his son, and many others. Lewis Morris is the grandson of another celebrated Lewis Morris, a poet and antiquary, whose remains now remain in the chancel of the church of Llanbadarnfawr, on the banks of the Rheidol, in Cardiganshire. He was born in 1702, at Pentref Eirianell, in Anglesey. His father was a cooper and corn dealer, and all the educa- tion he ever had was received at the village school. Having served some time at a land surveyor's office, b6" wasTtppainted _bv the Admiralty, in 1737, to take a hydrographies gprvey of the coast of Wales, as well as surveyor of and superintendent of the King's mines in the Prin- cipality. While holding these offices he composed a full description of the mineralogy of the district, and was thus the pioneer of Sir Roderick Mur- chison and others in the same field. In 1761, he wrote a sketch of his life, in which he said :— What little stock of knowledge I have attained to was in a manner by dint of nature my educa- tion, as to languages, was not regular, and my masters were chiefly sycamore and ash treea, or at best a kind of wooden masters. What progress I made that way is much impaired by want of practice and corresponding with men of letters. Public affairs, as an officer of revenue, have taken up the most valuable part of my time, so that I am myself surprised that I have kept anything in my memory. I am now in no public business, except superintendent of the King's mines with- ont a salary; and, falling out with some of our leading men, I have retired into a little villa of my town, where my garden, orchard, and farm, some small mine works, take a good part of my time, and' a knowledge iu physic and surgery— which brings me the visits of the poor, botany having been my favourite study—is now of use to them. Natural philosophy and mathematics have taken up much of my attention from my child- hood and I have a tolerable collection of fossils, shells, &c.. from most parts of the world, and a valuable collection of instruments and apparatus onthat bead. Models and engines have also taken up part of my thoughts. In this branch of mechanics I have made some improvements be- yond what has been published on that subject in Britain and France. My knowledge in coins is but slender, and my collection very small, and not worth talking of, this part of the world affording but few. I have some inscriptions, found upon stones, that are curious, as also some British wea- pons, My collection of books is not large, and they are chiefly natural history, mathematics, and antiquities of Britain." This extract will show what a poor boy, educated in a village school, could effect a century and a half ago. when educa- tion in Wales was at a very low ebb. If Lewis Morris had had the advantage of a college educa- tion, he would doubtless have made an imperish- able name, and have enriched the world by his writings. He only composed one work, entitled Celtic Remains," the manuscript of which was put into the hands of the Rev. Walter Davies, of Manavon, in Montgomeryshire, who never pub- lished it. Some of his poems were printed in a collection called Diddanwch Teuluaidd," while his valuable collection of manuscripts arc in the library of the Welsh Girls' School, at Ashford, Kent. He could perform on several instruments, and first gave instruction to the blind harpist, Parry, while Gorcnwy Owen owed to him the first recognition of his poetic genius, as well as the means of living in a Church which was at that time in a corrupt and degraded position. When Lewis Morris found poor Goronwy Owen in London, taking with him the news of an appoint- ment worth JB500 per annum, he found him sitting up in bed in a garret, eating a red herring, &c., with a wife and one child sharing his poverty! He married twice, leaving a family of twelve children behind him. H. J. F., Cardiff.
QUESTIONS.
QUESTIONS. 25.—CARREGCENNEN- CASTLE.—Can any of your- Carmarthenshire readers furnish me with a brief accountj of Carregcennen Castle, Llandilo, Car- marthenshire, through the medium of your columns? NEMO, Pontaman. 26.—Now that Cardiff College bids fair to attain the desires of its promoters, some account of the ancient seminary at Llantwit-Major would, no doubt, be acceptable to many of your readers besides T. J. E., Cardiff, 27.—THE SOUTH WALES CHORAL UNION CUP.— Can any of your readers kindly inform me where is the cup kept that was won by the South Wales Choral Union at the Crystal Palace ? J. D., Aberdare.
ANSWERS.
ANSWERS. 12.—CORNWALL'S AFFINITY TO WALES.—(Con- cluded.)—Cornwall, since the advent of Christia- nity in a pre-Norman period, has been the land of saints, every parish claiming one, distinct from its. neighbour's, as patron, and, as bearing on the relationship held by the county to Wales, each saint bears a quaint Celtic name. Where positive history supports vacue legend, much that is calcu- lated to excite keen interest presents itself to the attentive student. For instance, the adventurous voyage of Saint Pyran in an open boot arcoss the Atlantic toPerranzabalue; the religious enthusiasm cf Saint Morwenna, the daughter of a Celtic king, whose chief desire was to Christianize the pagan barbarians of Cornwall; and, in return for her services in teaching Edith, the daughter of Ethel- wolf, the Saxon king, she obtained a grant of the barren headland on the north coast of Cornwall now called. Morwenstow; and such like. The majority of the early Christian missionaries to Cornwall were, by their language, and by the few MSS. known to have been found, distinctly Hibernian, as their's was a more rugged Celtic than that of the Principality but some of the Cornish saints have been traced without much difficulty t3 Wales. In The Life of St. David," published in "The Lives of the Cambro-Bri- tish Saints," by the Welsh MSS. Society, in 1853, there is reference made to the titles of two exist- ing churches in Wales, one of which is more than presumed to be the name of the patron saint of a Cornish parish on the north coast. The extract says" Oddiyma y daeth y Collan a Glascwm," i.e., From thence to Collan and Glasgwm. Colia and Glasgwm are churches in Radnorshire, both dedicated to St. David, and in a period coeval with their erection—from A.D. 500 to 550, and of the family descent of Colfa—viz., that of Cunedda Wiedig (Cunedagius), or, as by the inscription on the stone at Cubert, in Cornwall, Conctoc—there lived a Christian missionary (or saint) named Collen, who was the founder of Llangollen Church, in Denbighshire. Polwhele, in hie "History of Cornwall," referring to a parish contiguous to the Bristol Channel, says (Book II., p. 52), Colan, the manor of St. Colan, belonged to the family of St. Colan or Colan." Dr. Oliver, too, in his Monasticon," makes Colan church to be dedi- cated to St. Colanus, the Latin name of the Cam- brian saint. The feast day of Colan (Cornwall) is on the first Sunday after the first Thursday in May, whilst that of the Welsh saint of the same name is on the 20th May. By a reference to the Celtic Kalendar, published in the Truro Diocesan Calendar, a few years ago, six saints are cata- logued under the name Columba or Columban, who were more or less connected with the Church in Britain from A.D. 500 to 700. SS.Columb,Majorand Minor, are parishes adjoin- ing St. Colan, in Cornwall, and the patrons are believed to have co-operated in civilising that part of Cornwall. Space will not permit of further illustrations of the great part Wales played in, or contributed towards, this good work; but there are abundance of other proofs of the constant intercommunication once maintained for a long series of years, for the termination of which Corn- wall, more than Wales, is responsible. T. F. G., Cardiff. 2.-HISTORY OF COAL MINING AND DEEP COAL MINES.—The difficulties at first felt of using coal for domestic purposes appear to have been over- come by the improvements in the arrangements of the fire hearth, and perhaps more immediately by the employment of iron fire-grates,or chimneys," as they were termed. These iron chimneys soon came much into use. We are told that they were considered a very important piece of furniture, and were frequently entailed by will upon son after son in succession. Associated with them we find mention of the familiar poker and tongs, these implements of the smith's craft having ac- companied mineral fuel In its passage from the forge into a wider sphere in ordinary house fires. The coal trade was now becoming established on a broader basis, and the steady increase in the demand gave rise to the opening out oi numerous collieries. In the great Northern coalfields of Northumberland and Durham many mines were brought into operation during the course of the fourteenth century, particularly on the banks of the Tyne, where peculiar natural facilities existed for carrying on a coal trade. Edward III. was the first king to interest himself in the Tyne coal trade. He issued writs for its regulation, and also gave his sanction to coal being loaded by the "keel," instead of being measured in the detailed manner which was employed while the trade was insignificant. The "keel" is a class of vessel peculiar to the Tyne and the coal trade. Its name and origin are both Saxon, and its history goes back to the advent of the Saxons in England, Verstegan informing us that the first detachment of Saxons crossed from the Continent in three keels. Not only on the banks of the Tyne, but at many different points in the great Northern coal- field, the working of coal was being carried on in the latter part of the fourteenth century. During the sixteenth century the coal trade entered upon a period of greatly increased activity. A consi- derable demand for coal had sprung up on the Continent, and large quantities were exported thither from the Tyne and Frith of Forth. The question of prohibiting the export of coal was dis- cussed in Parliament in 154-9, and from time to time during subsequent years. One proposal made was that all the best coal should be kept at home, but that foreigners might have the benefit of the inferior sorts. No actual steps were taken to check the export trade in England, bi. in Scot- land the decay of the "coal heuclis" had become a source of anxiety, and the gravest fears were entertained of the speedy exhaustion of the coal- field, and an Act of Parliament was passed in 1653 prohibiting all persons from transporting coals out of the realm, under penalty of confisca- tion of ship and cargo. This act sets forth that coals were becoming the common ballast of all empty ships, which WM occasioning "a nuirt — ■ ■ exorbitant dearth and scantnesse of fewalL* Licenses to export coal were subsequently pur- chased by certain families, who realised large for1 tones from the monopoly. In the reign of Elizabeth, the relative positions of wood-fuel and coal underwent quite a reversal. The change was not brought about so much by choice &s by necessity, wood fuel having rapidly become ,scarce and dearer, owing partly to ita increased consumption in what were described in Acts of Parliament as "voracious" iron furnaces then situated in the counties of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. Elderly people clung to the usages of theiryoutb, andregarded the great building of chim- neys which was going on as an indication of the degeneracy of the times, and the cause of nume- rous ills. Thus, Harrison writes in 1557:—" Now we have many chimneys, and yet our tenderlings complaine of rewmes, catarres, and poses; then we had none but reredoses, and our heads never did ake. For as the smoke in those days was sup- posed to be a sufficient hardening for the timber of the house, so it was reputed a far better medi- cine to keep the good man and his family from the quacke and the pose. Wherewith as then very few were acquainted. There are old men yet dwelling in the village where I remain which have noted the multitude of chimneys lately erected, whereas in their young days there was not above two or three, if so many, as the most uplaudishl town of the realme (the religious houses and manour places of their lordes always excepted, and perad venture some great personages), but each one made his fire against the reredosse in the halle where he dined and dressed his meate. When our houses'were builded of willowe, then wa had oaken men, but now that our houses are come to be made of oke, our men are not only become willowe, but a great many altogether of straw, which is a sore alteration." With this lament over the decadence of the age we will leave the subject this week. J. M. KUSSELL, Liverpool. 17.—LIGHTNING AND COLLIERY EXPLOSIONS.— I am glad to see an enqiry from J. G., Mountain Ash, respecting the influence of lightning on col- liery explosions. The subject was discussed in the Newcastle Chronicle some two or three years since, and Mr E. A. Rymer, now of the Forest of Dean, contributed some notes to the discussion. One of these was as follows:—"I am of opinion that much scientific knowledge on the lightning theory is needed in this discussion. It the electric cur- rent diddescend the pit shaft at Tanfield Moo» and pass through part of the workings, then there is surely a possibility of lightning going down other pit shafts. Here we have a danger never before dreamt of. But I should like to see the whole subject analysed thoroughly before definite con- clusions be pronounced on the lightning query." D. E.. Merthvr. 16.—AN EXTRAORDINARY WELSH SUPRESTITION.' —For a good account of Welsh superstitions, I would refer "J., Stroud," to Wirt Sykes's Bri- tish Goblins." Referring to the "Sin-eater," he says :—" Well-informed Welshmen have denied that any such custom as that of the Sin-eater ever existed in Wales at any time, or in the border shires; and it must not be assertej that they are wrong, unless we have convincing proof to support the assertion. The existing evidence in support of the belief that there were ones Sin- eaters in Wales I have carefully collated, and (excluding hearsay and second-hand accounts), it is here reproduced. The first reference to the Sin-eater anywhere to be found is in the Lans- downe MSS. in the British Museum, in the hand- writing of John Aubrey, the author. It runs thus:—' In the county of Hereford was an old custom at funerals to hire poor people, who were to take upon them the sins of the party deceased. One of them (he was a long, lean, ugiv, lament- able poor rascal), I remember, lived in a cottage on Rosse highway. The manner was that wliea the corpse was brought out of the house, and laid on the bier, a loaf of bread was brought out, and delivered to the Sin-eater over the corpse, and also a mazard bowl of maple, full of beer [which he was to drink up), and sixpence in money, in consideration whereof he took upon him, ipso (acto. all the sins of the defunct, and freed him or her from walking after they were dead.; Aubrey adds, and this custom, though rarely used iu our days, yet by some people was observed in the strictest time of the Presbyterian Government; as at Dynder (nolens volens the j'arson cf the parish), the kindred of the woman deceased there, had this ceremony punctually performed, accord- ing to-her will: and also the like was done at the city of Hereford, in those times, where a woman kept many years before her death a mazard bowl for the Sin-eater; and the like in other places in this country as also in Brecon, e.g., at Llangors, where Mr Gwin, the minister, about 164-0, could Dot hinder the performance of this custom. I believe,' says Aubrey, this custom was heretofore used all over Wales,' He states further,—' A.D. 1686: This custom is used to this day in North Wales.' Upon this Bishop White Kennet made this comment;—' It seems a re- mainder of this custom which lately obtained at Amersden, in the county of Oxford, where, at the burial of every corpse, one cake, and one flaggoa of ale, just after the interment, were br:ught to the minister in the church porch. No othei writer of Aubrey's time, either English or Welsh, t appears to have made any reference to the Sm. eater in Wales; and equal silence prevaill throughout the writings of all previous centuries. Since Aubrey, many references to it have been made, but never, so far as I can discover, by any writer in the Welsh language—a singular omis- sion, if there ever was such a custom; for, con- cerning every other superstitious practice com- monly ascribed to Wales, the Welsh have written freely." IEDHOB,^
ACTION AGAINST THE ,RHYMNEY…
ACTION AGAINST THE RHYMNEY IRON COMPANY 1- A LONDON PATENTEE'S CLAlft. In the High Court of Justice (Queen's Benak Division), on Wednesday, before Baron Pollocki without a jury, the action of Humble v, the Rhymney Iron Company was heard. In this caM Mr Stephen J obn Humble, a mining engineer and contractor, carrying on business in London* and the patentee of a patent safety detaching hook for preventing overwinding in the apparatus for raising and lowering cages in connection with mines, sued the Rhymney Iron Company, Limited, to recover J658 17s, the value of three of his patent hooks. The defendant* contended that the goods in question were not ordered or bought by them that they were not sold and delivered, and not accepted; and, if delivered, it was in error, and not under any contract.—The plaintiff stated that the goods were ordered by Mr Evans, the defen- dant's general manager, under the follow- ing. circumstances: He (the plaintiff) was waiting upon the platform of the Rbymney Rail- way Station, and when his train drew up, Me Evans, to whom he had previously introduced the hooks, got out, and after some conversation, gave him a verbal order for the goods now sued upon. There was some conversation about plaintiff superintending an overwinding, and he wrote some letters asking where the books were fixed, so that he could do so, as he wished to demonstiate the simplicity and efficiency of bis patent, as the company had several pits, and the hooks might be fixed for years without a case of overwinding occurring. Ultimately the company denied that an order had been given, and said that there should be an offi- cial order in writiner for any goods. Is cross examination the plaintiff denied that on the occasion when the order was given he told Me Evans that it was impossible to form an opinion as to the efficiency of the hooks from the model he had shown him. He had never received any other order from Mr Evans by word of mouth, but he had received written ones. He had received a verbal order from a Mr Abraham, connected with the company, which had been paid for. He had no recollection of Mr Abraham telling him that the order was conditional until he received an official order, and he had not received an official order. From other evidence it appeared that the goods were'seut off and delivered to the defendants, who had paid for the carriarge in their account with the railway company. Shortly after the delivery the company returned the goods to the railway company, stating that they were not ordered, and they were still in the rail- way company's warehouse awaiting plaintiff's orders. Mr Morton appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr H. D.Greene and Mr Macleod for the defendants. At the conclusion of the plaintiffs case, His lordship held that there was no order and no acceptance by defendants. He did not think that when one was dealing with a company, a conversation at a railway station amounted to an order, and if busy people took delivery, and then within a reasonable time found there was no order and returned the goods, there was no acceptance. It was, however, a somewhat hard or unfortunate case for the plaintiff.—Judgment for the defen- dants accordingly with costs execution for costs to be stayed for a fortnight, and beyond that if an appeal were entered.
FINAL SETTLEMENT OF THE NEGOTIATIONS.…
FINAL SETTLEMENT OF THE NEGOTIATIONS. .e THE AFGHAN FRONTIER. ["STANDARD" TELEGBAM], MESHED, Tuesday.—Negotiations for the delimitation of the Russo-Afghan frontier are now so far advanced that a meeting of the British and Russian Commissions is expected to take place shortly.
-.........--. SIR P. LUMSDEN.
SIR P. LUMSDEN. [RECTER'S TELEGRAM.] CONSTANTINOPLE, Tuesday.—Sir Peter Lums- den, who left to-day for London via, Varna, has had no political interview during his stay in the Turkish capital. I H STANDARD TELEGRAM, t CONSTANTINOPLE, Wednesday Night. —Sir Peter Lumsden left here yesterday for London, via Varna, Before he left I had the pleasure of a second interview with him, in which he gave expression more fully than before to his opinions on Central Asian affairs. The Murghab Valley, be believes, will be the next object of attack by Russia. The Russians, in his opinion, could easily have taken Herat at the time of the Penj-deh affair, as there were only a few badly-armed troops there, and the fortifications were worthless, but the position is now being rapidly strengthened, and it has been occupied by fifteen thousand men. Referring to the .despatch of a British Commission to Cash- mere, Sir Peter Lumsden expressed his surprise at the decision of the Government, the country being as thoroughly British as if it were incor- porated in the Empire. The Turkomans, he says, are a splendid fighting race, not yet subdued by their Muscovite conquerers, and if England had decided to fight they would have risen in our favour. Russian policy, as summarised by the general, is constantly to vex and worry -England, and keep the question open so as to draw off our attention from Russian action in Europe. General Lumsden's account of his varied experiences in making his way across Central Asia and the Caucasus is most interesting. The Russian soldiers, he says, crowded round his little escort of twenty men of the Indian Cavalry, greatly admiring their splendid physique and accoutrements. While passing through Rus- sian territory he noticed that armaments were proceeding rapidly, especially at Batoum, where great activity was being displayed. This port, which by the Berlin Treaty was to be essentially commercial," is fast becoming a fortified city of considerable strength. Allusion having been made to the presentation of a sword of honour to General Komaroff, Sir Peter smiled faintly, as if he were mentally comparing the treatment which ha has received at the hands of his own Government with the honours showered on his successful opponent on the Russian side. Captain Barrow, who accompanies Sir Peter Lumsden, says that the General bore the terrible fatigue and exposure wonderfully, tiring out many members of his staff who are several years his junior. Although Sir Peter is naturally very reticent in his conversation, I could gather that he takes a very gloomy view of the situation in Central Asia, and is by no means satisfied with the action of our Government, of whose policy I have reason to believe his despatches home consti- tute a severe indictment.
RUSSIA AND TURKEY.
RUSSIA AND TURKEY. [CENTRAL NEWS TELEGRAM.] CONSTANTINOPLE (via Varna) Tuesday Night.— There is no doubt that Russia has really been endeavouring to negotiate with the Porte, and to come to a secret understanding for an alliance between the two ancient enemies. There were many conflicting interests at work, but the Porte has now courteously, but firmly, declined the insidious proposition.
THE SOUDAN. II
THE SOUDAN. II [CENTRAL NEWS TELEGRAM, j DONGOLA, Wednesday Evening. — Major- General Dormer and staff, the Gordon High- landers, and the 46th Regiment havo passed through on their way north. The Sussex Regiment and a party of Mounted Infantry have arrived, all in boats. DONGOLA, Wednesday, 8.46 p.m.—The 15th arrived here to-day. The Essex and Stafford regiments passed on their way to Fatmeh and Hafir. The Guards Camel Corps left to-day for homo. Large numbers of native soldiers are to be seen arriving on the east bank. The result of the Derby was received here about half-past six this evening, and created much excitement. The message will be published in a special edition of the Dongola Hews, the camp newspaper, to-morrow. THE REBELS AT KORTI. [REUTEK'S TELEGRAM.] DONGOLA, Wednesday.—Korti has been occu- pied by a small body of rebels, who, it is stated, intend to advance to Dongola as soon as the British troops have left. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S RETURN. IREUTER'S TELEGRAM. 1 CAIRO, Wednesday.—Lieutenant-General Sir F. Stephenson will arrive here to-morrow, and will inspect the brigade of Guards. Lord Wolse- ley", Sir Evelyn Baring, Lord Charles Beresford, and the Khedive's Grand Master of Ceremonies, will go to Suez to-morrow to welcome the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, who will arrive there on Friday morning on their return from India.
THE WIFE MURDER AT ABERYSTWITH.
THE WIFE MURDER AT ABERYSTWITH. COMMITTAL OF THE PRISONER. John Price, charged with the wilful murder of his wife, Mary Ann, was brought before the magistrates at Aberystwith for final examination on Wednesday afternoon. He made a statement that deceased gave him great provocation all the evening, and that she had determined to leave him, and take the child away. He became infuriated, and did not know what happened afterwards. Prisoner was committed for trial on the capital charge.
SHOCKING SUICIDE OF A CLERGYMAN.
SHOCKING SUICIDE OF A CLERGYMAN. The Rev Herbert RichardPeel, of Thornton-hall, near Buckingham, committed f suicide on Wed- nesday^afternoon by shooting himself in his study. It appears that he locked the door, and was not found for two or three hours. It is believed he placed the stock of his gun on the floor, and touched the trigger with the poker from the grate. Deceased, who was formerly rector of Hands- worth, recently lived at Abbot's Hill, lieaiol Hempstead, and was noted for bee culture.
[No title]
The police authorities have received informa- tion to the cfleet that two dynamiters have recently arrived in England from America. One of them lodged about a fortnight in an hotel near Paddington, and then mysteriously disappeared. The police have descriptions of both &lWP. and hmiMQtil wtarg Cor th?U- arrest.
MR CHAMBERLAIN AT BIRMINGHAM.…
MR CHAMBERLAIN AT BIRMINGHAM. IMPORTANT POLITICAL MANIFESTO. DECLARATION FOR HOME RULE IN IRELAND. > A deputation from the Western Division of Birmingham, waited upon Mr Chamberlain on Wednesday evening, at the Forward Liberal Club, to present a resolution from the Liberal Council, inviting him to become a candidate for the division. Mr CHAMBBBIJLIN, having accepted the invita- tion, referred to the division of the borough under the Reform Act, and said he hoped the unanimity of that great constituency would continue to be preserved, and that although none of the seven mem- bers whom it would now return would be entitled to speak,in_the name of the whole of the electors, yet as a body, they should speak with the one potent voice of Birmingham, united as they had been in the pursuit of every Liberal measure..There was af division which it would personally be more gratifying to hirfi torêpresenf than the Western Division from his former con- nection with the wards which now formed it. Everywhere around us there were proofs that we had arrived at a stage in our political history. The old older is passing away, and the new order is beginning to make itself felt. A POLITICAL RETROSPECT. He was not much inclined to indulge in political retrospect, but standing as we did at the turning of the ways, he would venture to assert that when the history of the last five years comes to be written, neither the Government of which he had the honour to be a member, nor the Parliament which was returned to power with such tremendous enthusiasm five years ago would have cause to fear. When that history comes to be written, they knew whose would be the central and prominent figure. (Cheers.) Mr Gladstone would stand out before posterity as the greatest man of his time, remarkable not only for his extraordinary eloquence, for his great ability, for bis steadfastness of purpose, lor his constructive skill—but more perhaps than all t&ase—for his personal character, and for the high tone that be has introduced into our political and public life, >A space of time would have to be put between us" and )\Ir Gladstone before we should know bow much greater he had been than any of his competitors fof fame and power. ATTACKS UPON THE PREMISS. He was certain that justice would be. done to him in future, and he was not less certain that there would be a condemnation of the men who, moved by motives of party spite in their eager- ness for office, had not hesitated to load with insult and indignity the greatest statesman of our time—(shame)—who had not allowed his age, which should have received every reverence his experience, which entitles him to every re- • spect, his high personal character, or his long service to his Queen and to his country, to shield him from the vulgar affronts, and the lying accu- sations of which he bad nightly been made the subject in the House of Commons. He, with his great magnanimity, could afford to forget and forgiva these things, but it behoved those whom he had served so long to remember them and resent them, and to punish them. Contrasting the present Parlia- ment with the Parliament that preceded it, the right hon. gentleman pointed out the excep- tionally favourable circumstances under which the Tory party came into power, and the hope- lessly confused state of affairs which existed when the present Parliament was elected. Yet, in spite of all these things j in spite of obstruction carried on with the tacit approval of the leaders of the Tory party up to the height of a science and in spite of the most factious opposition that, he believed, this country had ever known, there had not been a single session without measures of important reform finding their way into the statute book, without grievances being redressed and wrongs being remedied. (Cheers.) REMEDIAL LEGISLATION FOR IRELAND. Having enumerated the measures passed by the present Government, and dwelling on the Irish Land Act as a remedy for the grievances of Ireland,be said he.could not but wish that Liberals would have a little more faith in their principles, and a little more trust in remedial legislation which they had assisted to pass. If Ireland was pacified at the present time he did not attribute it to the Coercion Bills—he attributed it to the reform of the land lawsjand to the removal of the deep-seated agrarian. grievances of the Irish peasants. Coercion may be necessary at times. Murder, outrage, and assassination were things which no Government could tolerate—no honest man would lift a finger to approve; and when these thiugs stalked through the land then they must be put down at all hazards, and all risks, and by every means within the power of the legislature and of the Government. But coercion is for an emergency. It was nonsense to talk of a constitutional system if the constitution is always being suspended. When the emergency is over then it is the duty of wise statesmen to sesk out the causes of discontent and to endeavour to remedy them. (Hear, hear.) He believed that one of the greatest of Irish problems was still before us, and must wait for its solution to the new Parliament. Mr Gladstone had removed two of the greatest grievances of Ireland. He had disestablished an alien church and reformed the land laws, but there remained a possibly more important question than these. HOME RULE. It was, to give in Mr Gladstone's own words, the widest possible self-government to Ireland, which is consistent with the maintenance of the integrity of the Empire. (Applause.) What has to be done is to reconcile the national sentiment of Ireland. We had to find a safe means between separation on the one hand, which would be disastrous to Ireland and dangerous to England and on the other hand the excessive centraliza- tion which there was upon the English Parlia- ment and upon English officials, the duty and burden of supervising every petty detail of Irish local affairs, which stifles the national life, which destroys the sense of responsibility, which keeps the people in ignorance of the duties and functions of Government, and which produces a perpetual feeling of irritation, while it obstructs all necessary legislation. That was the problem, and he did not believe all the resources of statesmanship were exhausted, or that it will be impossible to find a solution. THE NEW PARLIAMENT AND IRELAND. In the new Parliament there will be an authoritative expression of the wishes of the majority of the people of Ireland. and this authoritative expression of the wishes of the people of Ireland would be submitted to the judgment, not of classes, not of those who are prejudiced by the existence of privileges, or by separate and individual claims and rights, but to the whole people of England and Scotland. Knowing the importance attached to local govern- ment by the English and Scotch people, and how it was desired by Liberals, he did not believe for a moment that they would hesitate in conceding to Ireland all the liberties, and all the freedom which they would claim for themselves. DISENFRANCHISEMENT FOR MEDICAL RELIEF. After speaking of the manner in which the greatest constitutional reform since the Revolu- tion of 1688 had been carried out, how it was first opposed by the Tories who, though they changed their language had not changed their tactics, for what they had not dared to do in the House of Commons they bad put up their confederates in the House of Lords to do for them by making medical relief a disqualification for the franchise. He said they had taken away with one hand what they gave with the other, and they had kept out from the enjoyment of their electoral rights probably one fourth of those whom we sought to" enfranchise. (Shame.) This was au injustice, for it was an intolerable thing that a poor labourer, with his 12s or possibly 14s a week, should be placed in time of sickness or trouble in his family, between the alternatives of either losing his electoral rights or of leaving his family without the assistance which medical skilljcould afford. It was an iniquity, which if not set right in the present Parliament it would be the duty of the new Parliament to correct. In the meantime, he did not doubt that those elec- tors, whom the Lords in their great mercy had left their votes, would know how to judge between the two parties in the State, and would know what trust to place in the assurance which the leaders of that party were giving of their con- fidence in the people. (Cheers.) FOREIGN POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT. Turning to foreign affairs, he claimed their sup- port for the main line of their foreign policy as earnestly and with as full conviction of their assent as he had for our domestic policy. He did not say the Government had not made mistakes. It would be a very extraordinary administration which, dealing with such difficult and complicated business as had been placed before the Govern- ment recently, had not made any mistakes. It would be very wonderful if, looking back now with fuller knowledge, we were not able to put our finger oa some point where we would wish to have acted differensly from what had been done. For the main line of the Govern- ment's policy, however, he claimed their approval, and to mark their dissent of the main line of their opponents' policy. If the language of their leaders meant anything, and if Lord Salisbury had been in office within the last five years, we should have been at war with two of the great powers in Europe, but he asked them to consider the spirit in which the two parties had addressed themselves to foreign policy. IMPRACTICABILITY OF NON-INTERVKNTION. He could well understand that many people were in favour of absolutenon,intervention intheaffairs of other countries, but when he considered the difficulties in which non-intervention had fre- quently landed us, although he could not but sympathise with such a feeling, he plainly said it was impracticable and impossible of realisation. Our relations are so far spread we have so many interests in different parts of the world, that we could not, even if we wished, remain absolutely isolated in the midst of what is taking place around us. Assuming that the leaders of the Tory party speak for their followers, they would address themselves to any foreign nation with which we had matters of discussion in a spirit and tone of superiority, dictating at the ojitset their demands, and expect these demands to be instantly and entirely complied with. They would not. abate one jot; they would yield nothing to the sensibility of others, and they, would deal with all these questions in the spirit of those who words should always be law. That was a tone which was not becoming or right, or prudent, for a great power to adopt. He believed that other nations were entitled to equal consideration with ourselves in calmly and impar- tially considering whatever subjects of difference might arise. ANGLO-RUSSIAN DISPUTE, As the negotiations with Russia were not finally closed, it would not be permissible for him to deal fully with the communications which have already taken place. They were I told that the Government bad yielded busely to Russia, and bad compromised, the '.interestsof.' the country. If it was found. when the whole question was finally and happily settled, as be hoped and believed it shortly would be, we had maintained the friendship and confidence of the Ameer of Afghanistan; that we had secured for our ally all that he himself has deemed of im- portance; that we have obtained .everything that the Government of India hall thought necessary for tbe- security, order, and credit of the empire; the Government in that case would not be held to have failed, even though in maintaining our position we had dealt with a great nation in a spirit of conciliation and of consideration, and while anxious to main- tain the dignity of this country, had also been ready to recognise the claims and the rights of the power with which we had been dealing. In our negotiations with France it was said that we had truckled to that nation; that we had betrayed' English interests, and exhibited an unparalleled pusillanimity. These were statements which it was not very patriotic to make in times of great national difficulty and embarassment. They were statements apt to bring about their own fulfilment, because if foreign powers learn from the leaders of a great party in this country that the executive Government of the day is cowardly and weak, and vacillating and yielding, and that this foreign nation has only to demand, in order that its utmost requirements may be immediately satisfied, snch a thing as that is apt to increase the demands of the foreign Government, and was not at all likely to lead to a satisfactory settlement of our disputes. LESSON FROM THE FRENCH. When in Paris the other day, he found there were French politicians, French Ashmead Bartletts—(laughter)—and French Randolph Churchills—(laughter)—who were using precisely similar language concerning the government of the country as was used about the English Government, only it was the other side of the shield that was presented. It was the French Government that was truckling to the arrogance of England, whose concessions knew no bounds, and who, if it had any care for the interests of France, would immediately issue its ultimatum to perfidious Albion. (Laughter.) He read an article in the Dehats which bitterly assailed the French Government for the manner in which it had yielded everything to the insolence" of England. When these things were being said on both sides, perhaps there was as little truth on the one side as the other. The two Governments, wiser than the reckless politi- cians who endangered the peace of the world, might be each earnestly seeking to conciliate the interests and the hoaoar of their respective. countries. THE EGYPTIAN QUESTION. Referring more particularly to the Egyptian question, Mr Chamberlain said he attached the j greatest possible importance to the friendship of France, and believed that in the continued and cordial friendship of the two countries lay the best guarantee for the future happiness of both nations. England had gone into Egypt because of the greatjnterests we had there. It was quite impossible foF any Government with a sense of its duty and responsibility to ignore those interests and if they had allowed Egypt to become a prey to anarchy and disorder, and if subsequently some other power had interfered and had taken possession of the country, he did not believe it would have been forgiven,»nor would its action have contributed in the long run to the peace of the world. France, however, had also great interests in Egypt. and we ought to remember the sensitiveness which their neighbours naturally had in reference to that country. At the time when France broke off, at the bombardment of Alexandria, there were two courses which were open to England. They mig-hthave announced a protectorate similar to the French protectorate of Tunis, or they might have annexed the country as France had annexed Algiers. Such a course doubtless- might have been pursued at the time without immediate danger of war, but the Government thought that would be assum- ing a responsibility altogether outside the sphere of English duty and of English interests. The alternative the Government had adopted was that of remaining in Egypt only so long as was neoessary to restore order. The objects with which we still remained inthat country were, in the first place, to secure the independence of Egypt, for it could mt be tolerated that after the sacrifices we had made our going away should be the signal for another power to take up a prepon- derating influence there. We had a right to ex- pect some guarantee should be given us that other nations would be as self-denying as we intended to be. Then, we owed a duty to the Egyptians to secure them some settled form of government, and to relieve the peasants from excessive or un- just taxation which might be the cause of. trouble or discontent in future. Mr Chamberlain, in conclusion, referred to his known opinions on domestic affairs, and said he did not think any Liberal policy would ever take away the security which property rightly enjoys, and that much might be done to enlarge the obligation and re- sponsibility of the whole community towards its poorer and less fortunate members. (Applause.)
THE NEW AMERICAN MINISTER…
THE NEW AMERICAN MINIS- TER TO ENGLAND. Her Majesty's judges were entertained by the Lord Mayor at dinner, at the Mansion House, on Wednesday evening. Amongst the distin- guished guests present was Mr Phelps, the new American Minister. In proposing the health of the latter, the Lord Mayor especially thanked his excellency. As he believed this was the first occasion since his arrival in this country that he had apt eared in any large assembly of English- men, they wished to give him a most cordial welcome, in order to express their good feeling towards the sister country. In reply, Mr Phelps said he did not presume to take to him- self with any degree the honour of the reception accorded. He was their as any other ttranger, with no such claims upon their consideration as his distinguished predecessor had, and therefore it was the more gratifying to him to see in his reception, at all hands, since his arrival on these shores another proof of the cordial feeling and sympathy which existed amongst English people towards a country which he had the honour to represent. In both countries, English or American, the visitor felt that although there might be a change in sky, there was no change in the hearts that surrounded him; the cordial feeling between the two countries drew more closely every day, and this he attributed to the international intercourse which was carried on. He assured them of the pleasure with which the American people had seen the cloud of war which had hovered over this country dispelled. He paid a high compliment to the English judges, and spoke of the respect in which their judgments were held in America. In no one thing were the English people to be more congratulated than in their judges.—Mr Justice Lindley replied for her Majesty's judges, and other toasts followed.
---THE REASSEMBLING OF PARLIAMENT.
THE REASSEMBLING OF PARLIAMENT. The House of Commons meets again to-day (Thursday) to commence the last 'and what can hardly fail to prove the least eventful period of the final session of the present Parliament. In the Commons on Friday ths first order is Supply, and Mr T. D. Sullivan is to call attention to the "means by which convictions for a conspiracy to murder were obtained against certain persons from the neighbourhood of Barbavilla, county Westmeath." On Monday the Budget Bill is to be taken, and amendments to the second reading have been set down in the names of Sir M. Hicks-Beach, Sir E. Watkin, Mr A. O.Connor, and Mr Macfarlane. The other Government orders on the paper for that evening are the National Debt Bill, Summary Jurisdiction (Terms of Improvement) Bill, Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Bill, Prevention of Crimes Amendment Bill, Justices' Jurisdic- tion, Dean and Chapter, Local Courts of Bank- ruptcy (Ireland), Marriage Validity, Police, Supreme Court of Judicature (Ireland), Cor- porated Property Security, Educational Endow- ments (Ireland), Federal Council of Australasia, National Education (Ireland), Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers), Board of Works (Ireland), Land Import and Arterial Drainage (Ireland), County Officers and Courts (Ireland) (Pensions), East India Loan (£10,000,000), Crown Lands, and Intermediate Education (Wales).
LORD R. CHURCHILL ON THE TORY…
LORD R. CHURCHILL ON THE TORY PROGRAMME. Lord Randolph Churchill, presiding on Wed- nesday evening at the annual dinner of the Tower Hamlets Conservative Association, denied that the party was without a policy, and charged the Liberals with having landed the county in difficulties and in enormous expenditure. The policy of the Tory party was to expose the errors of the present Government and to remedy the results of those errors. The policy of the Tory party in power was historic and traditionary it was the policy of Pitt, Canning, Peel, and Beaconsfield. If returned to power now their policy in regard to Ireland would be the maintenance of the union. Their domestic policy would be an inquiry into the depression of trade, an exhaustive investi- gation into the expenditure of every Government department, an alteration in the hours of business of the House of Commons, a much larger recourse to committee, and a large scheme of reform for the three kingdoms. Abroad they would restore friendly relations with the Sultan of Turkey, and they would provide effectually for the defence of India, and, if the Tories were in power, the Russians would advance no further. The Tory party was the real party of peace, retrenchment, and reform.
DOMESTIC TRAGEDY AT CAMBERWELL.
DOMESTIC TRAGEDY AT CAMBERWELL. Inquests were held in Camberwell, on Wednes- day, on the bodies of Thomas and Sarah Ariott, husband and wife, lately residing at Barrett-road, Nunhead. The woman's death was attributed to her husband's violence on Sunday, while he, fearing the consequences of his crime, committed suicide on Wednesday morning. The principal witness was Sarah Arlott, daughter of the deceased, who said her parents had for many years lived unhappily, her mother being a heavy drinker, and her father constantly ill-using her. On Sunday morning witness who had been staying at her grandmother's the previous night owing to her father being drunk, returned home. Her mother and father were then in the kitchen. Shortly afterwards she found her mother lying unconscious with a broom across her chest. She put her to bed, and about one o'clock on Monday morning her mother died. Medical evidence showed that death resulted from a clot of blood on the brain. An open ver- dict was returned accordingly. The husband committed suicide by cutting his throat. A verdict of Suicide while mentally deranged'' was returned.
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