The Cardiff Times

P. E. GANE, 38-41, QUEEN-STREET, CABDIFP. 161 & 162, COMMERCIAL STREET NEWPORT, INVITES YOU TO TEST THE GREAT SAVING ATTENDING THE PURCHASE OF FURNITURE FROM LOCAL MANUFACTURERS. GUIDE TO FURNISHING FREE ON APPLICATION

"URKMEN'S TOPICS. BY MABON, M.P, legal CASES affectin6 LABOUR. rh. i following are among tbe most interesting cases reported daring the month of August l&lly affecting labour, and also showing how the important it is for working men to have t SQD ort of strong organisations to back them ^Q ^eir rights under the Workmen's Compen- 60 '°Q ^-et' There are » number of cases where l|loney would be paid at all to the Batterers if w«re not supported by their Unions in the made. It has come nnder one's obearva- that in some of our colliery district orpani- ^°Qs a few injured men in these organisations 1(J deceived far more monetary compensation Ij. Siven month than tbe whole members corn- paid to their organisations during the Period. And this takes place in some laige Ik **Ct orKan>flati°n3 that I am acquainted witb. i^ 6 no hesitation in saying that more money in this one simple way than is paid to jj^'nera' organisations annually in any. given «ct. it is amazing that wealthy employers f 0Qr< especially when in the bands of assurance companies, allow such un- ^°&&ble pleas to be raised against some cases, «oeh trifling excuses in others simply in to deny tbe workman his compensation *s eat't'e £ to '*■ One of these came oiy notice the other Jay. Is a Rupture an Accident ? Workman was employed in tbe service of ^Pany who was engaged in the business of factoring food for cattle. The man attended 4^?ae of the machines nsed in preparing this food pressin it into cakes, and in course cf this had to turn a certain wheel. On a day in ^etaber, 1901, he was unable to turn tbe wheel, a fellow-workman to assist bim. The tnen then used all their strength to move the hit. 1, and while so doing the man ruptured him. There was no wrench or sudden jerk or slip, ^'he injured man was a man of ordinary 5*h and strength. He naturally applied for t^ation, but the County Court jadge beld v>jt. ,hia injury was not causedbyan accident hill the meaning of the Act. The case was to the Court of Appeal, which upheld the Ofc. 'f11 of tbe Countv Court judge. But the u^&iBation whicb the belonged to took the '° the House of Lords, and tbe House of overruled the Court of Appeal and tbe 'y Court judge, and held that the injury/? aby an accident within the meø.n-i Of the Act. and that the injured man was entitled to compensation. iw 18 is a most important decision to working Hiy 'specially to tbe colliery fraternity. One of t^^edical friends tsld me some little time ago '8- surprising to see how many of our ground workers are suffering from ruptures. ] »(jl^oreover, in my bumble opinion the House is safer to take a compensation case to 5 the Court of Appeal. It has struck me than once that the Lord Chancellor him. Nt Ita a 68 taken this Act specially under his care- rottiOb. Now that the Lords bave de- •ejjL ^at r«pture brought about in the wayde- in the above case will place it beyond v ion within the area of eases that we can de-, compensation for. Arising Out of Employment. again is a case that, in my opinion, will Nt just* y an appeal to the House of Lords, ^6 c 8t'ong hope of having the decision of both ^ahi0UttS reverse^- Compensation Is Un(ler t^le Compensation Act, as we all k°nly an injury is caused to a work- ^c'dent arising oat of and m the 6 of employment." 6rer Osn in the service of a railway company every evening at a certain station, and *0 6 r'ght, when bis day's work was finished, by any train to that station from the II b where he left his engine. While so travel- out of the train and was killed. His W t^len c'a'me|3 compensation under the Act. c admitted on behalf of tbe company before ^^°Qnty Court judge that the man's death *«ht »°8ed an accident," and that the acci- 'Vy ,r°8e >0 course of his employment," but that it arose out of hiB employment. Place in tbis way. The deceased- *vork- t?ot 'nto a compartment with two other men, stated in evidence that deceased had a »nd stood up in order to put it on the VT tliat wbile he was doing so the train 5$^' and the deceased disappear ad. The de- ds Was found lying on the line about 300 V ,0ni the station seriously injured, and he edve sbortly afterwards. The County Court decided that the accident had Sid" out of" the employment, and I Nip the widow compensation. The whose regard for the welfare workmen and their widows and ::s can be measured by the fact. appealed °^t t the finding that the fatal injury arose Kl c°f the man's employment. And the Ap- 0ort held that there was evidence upon he 'u 6 Counky Court judge might have found foand—and dismissed the case. Is living who will hold that common S^uch less maecr, >rad Been tempered with lea itl this case ? I bave heard nothing S. this man belonged to a trade society or at one cannot help sinoerely hoping he that the society may on his behalf ap. t* the House of L-ords, for I have verv little wi)14 'n aa°h a case as this, the work- Wceive his compensation. If bo is not t 10 g0 then the compensation ^i1a'lni,y for the loss of his life is gone. Ob 1 the non-Unionists in the country might 56 C this case to take the Jessons. of the same **t i ernedY at Law and Under the Act. Gt¡118 is another kind of case where workmen 6*ercise gieat care and discretion in act- there is a reasonable donbt as to proceed. The claimant shonld at all %e able to command the legal advice, and e 80 able to give that advice as some of N{^j8o^cit°rs who are engaged by workmen's ^tK-ions' an^ aro continually practising M)e„ A°t. It's provided by the Act tbat lnjury is caused by tbe personal oegli- i1*0^ W'^u' act: °f the employer, or of Bome whoae act or default tbe employer Ot hblisible, a workman may, at his option, Ott claim compensation under this Act 'he same proceedings as were open to him commencement of this Act." wkSS un<le1' consideration is that of a boy 0 was serving as apprentice to an iron k big j and he accidentally lost three fingers t hand through a plane being unfenced. W hot t^3e t'Tne> living with a relation who '8 parent nor his legal guardian. Some J^<s0 tftr the accident this relation wrote to Pany claiming compensation for the boy .6 Compensation Act, and the company !hc Pay the boy half his weekly wage dur- 'n^city, his wages being 5s a week. Ho u" «i» t6ce»ved 12s 6d in respect of five weeks, M a receipt which stated that he elected all" b of tl. c weekly payments in full satisfac- 18 claim. A few more payments of 2s 6d made, tbe whole not amounting to went to work for the company V^y 6t 11146 of wa £ es* waa advised atld brought an action for damages u company, alleging that he had lost 8 thl°°eh their negligence in not having Of ft,nPr°Perly fenced. The case was proved B &nt^ the boy got damages to the tune ut the company said tbat no action i,, against them because the plaintiff fl8e^ his option under the Act in claim- ,J<M Ceiving compensation, and was there- p* 1»» tK^ ^rotn any other remedy. But tbe lkt this Case held that the plaintiff, being 1 iooapablo of onto, tiag aD pptlo whether to claim compensation or to proceed by action for negligence. He had therefore done nothing to disentitle him from recovering, as he had not reached an age when he could bargain away his rights at law, which in this case were of much greater value to him than his rights under the Act. Judgment was given in his favour, and he received E75, less the iEl or leas received in compensation. Here then was a case which if done by an adult in ignorance of his proper claim would have lost a much greater value than what he would have received in compensation under the ordinary pro- visions of the Act. Let me hope that these cases will teach all workmen the value of organisation with the privi- lege to command proper legal advice.

Illustrated Humour. We have it on the authority of a serious reader that the lightning lunch is followed by thunder- ing pains. Did the minister say anything comforting? asked the neighbour of the widow recently be- reaved. Indeed he didn't," was the quick reply. He said my husband was better off." Which do you think should be more highly esteemed, money or brains ?" "Brains," answered Makecash. "But novm- days the only way a man can convince people that be has brains is to get money." Voluntary Contributions. I Passenger: I thought you were not allowed to take tips. Porter: We don't take'em, sorr, we receives am- occasionally. Do you think, young man, that yon could give my daughter all she asks for ?" questioned papa, grimly. I-aw-think so, sir," murmured the lover, bashfally. 11 She says she wants only me." Tommy Lil Greenup, you told me last week you liked me better'n you did any other boy, and now you re lettin' Dick Trotter make up to you I" Lil I did like you best last week, but I've changed my mind. Does your papa keep a sweet shop ? Tommy No. Lil Well, Dick's father does. The Only Way. I Counsel Go otr, sir-relate the words used by the defendant in the libel yon complain of. Plaintiff: He said he defied me to find a bigger liar and thief than I was. Counsel: And what did yon reply. Plaintiff I told him I should go to my soli- citor. A train travelling on a small branch railway in the Highlands suddenly came to a standstill. One of the passengers poked his head out of the window to ascertain the cause, and jast caught the guard as he passed under the window on bis way to the engine. Why are we stopping ?" be inquired. Hoot, mon, ye maun jast abide a wee: the water's gane aff the boil." An Exception, I Jones (single) Ab, my boy, two heads are better than one, you know. Mopes (married, and with a. sigh) Not when thoy're twins. Wives and daughters all remind ns We must make our little pile; And, departing, leave behind us Cash for them to live in style. Susie Smith (striker's daughter) Garn, yer tie man's a blackleg t Daughter of Non-Unionist: Indeed he's not, ,for he's got white legs and wears biown socks. She I wish I were a bird. He: So you could fly to my areas ? She No; so I couldn't have the ttfOtbaebO- I Smart Grocer. Mrs Binks My husband did not like that tea you sent us last. Grocer (politely) Did you like it madam ? Mrs Binks Yes, I liked it. Grocer (to assistant): James, send Mrs Binks another pound of the same tea as-obe bad I. Anything else, madam ? I am the unluekiest man alive." What's the matter ?" Why, I heard that she was engaged, 901 went round and proposed to ber, so that she wouldn't think I had been trifling with ber. And wasn't she engaged ?" Yes; but she broke it off. She said my love was more sincere than his. She (gushingly): Oh, what beantiflol flowers I They must have been recently gathered. See, there is a little dew on them! He (impulsively) I paid five shillings for those flowera, and I beg to tell you there ion' t a poany due pa tbtm I

MUSIC IN WALES. BY D. EMLYN EVANS. THE ARTIST TYPE. Time was, and that not so long ago, when it could be fairly asserted that musical Wales was practically dependent upon the services of the amateur musician, in those days it was an exception to find an organ or harmonium in any place of worship; in Nonconformist churches they were non-existent, except, perhaps, in a few instances in the more imporcant towns. In private residences also a keyed instrument— pianoforte, harmonium, or American organ- was just as rare. Nowadays an instrument is found, in almost every chapel in the Principality, how- ever remote the place may be; and, indeed, many boast of their possession of tbat complex combination of instruments called an orchestra which some of our friends, by the way, will pro- nounce ortshestra," whilst the number of instruments of the key-board type—pianoforte, etc.—now to be met with even in workmen's homes may be counted in their hundreds. This Altered Condition of Things naturally creates and augments the demand for the professional teacher. It is possible for the possessor of a good vocal organ, plus intelli- gence, to develop into a fairly accomplished singer, simply by his or her own efforts, and of which we have instances. But we do not know of any pianist or organist who has attained a high state of excellence as a player entirely on the self-taught principle and, even if instances t are available demonstrating its possibility, any one acquainted with the importance of acquiring a correct method at the start—in the matter of fingering, etc.—will perceive what waste of time; and effort is implied in the self-teaching process. As many a teacher of the art knows, the unlearn. ing of false habits in pupils is not the least diffi- cult and thankless of his dnties. The artist teacher, therefore, has come, and will still more come, into greater prominence, and consequently it is well that be should assume the best shape possible amongst us. In this con- nection an article on The Decadence of the Artist Type," which appeared not long since in an American journal, The Musical Record and Review," published in Boston, Mass., contains some observations which it may not be unprofit- able to quote here. The type delineated is Not Unknown to Us in Wales, and although he may now largely belong to the past—to Cymru Fu "—the "ProfeBBor:" so- called of to-day, of Cymru Sydd," and he of many initials of degrees, also so-called, are to a large extent closely related, are similarly pro- duced and have the same objects in view. Most of us "—to quote from our American author—" have known; or at least can remember, having seen him, that sturdy champion of originality in dress, that genial alien to conven- tion, that eccentric spirit which, if nothing else, was at Isast a protest against the smug respecta. bility which we of the English-speaking nations respect so highly. We recall his luxuriant locks, his coat of ancient days, those wondrous crea- tions, his nether garments, with fringes at the heel, those awe-inspiring shoes, eternal youth grown old. He was an idealist, a tone poet, not a mere musician, of course, else be bad stayed beside us. He now is gone, and we are left to wonder if we gain or lose. That be was not addicted to work is trne; not, at least, to an extent that was likely to affect his health but he was not to be judged by daily standards; if he did not labour he usually bad momenta when he could enlarge on the subject with inspiring volu- bility. Money he despised, the sordid hoarder of it be held in contempt; yet beg bo11 would not, and to teach he was ashamed. His Debts, which were usually thrust upon him by sympa- thetic friends, he gracefully waved aside with the knowledge that the world would some day hear his voice. To-day be would arouse com- miseration by his gloom to-morrow he would sur- prise bis friends by blossoming lorth in new array, airily sustaining between his fingers a cigar that made the public nostrils twitch with burgess admiration." This, and more that could be quoted, is some- what hard upon an old acquaintance but our author does not deride him utterly, for he pro- ceeds to say that even his enemies could not judge him harshly; for something in his presence said that here was one of golden heart. His purse was lacking, it is true, but it never could be said of him that he would not borrow to assist a poorer friend." And again, although he did nqt always typify the best, at least he stood for a picturesque, or even it may be a grotesque, independence." And finally, which is it that attracts us most as years go on—is it this simple figure, with all its faults, or the man of clubs the bigh-flyer after fashion ? Yet. the one is fading, and in its pla.ce we have its modern counterpart, with all its trivial, characterless acquiscence, its efforts to appear as something it is not and never would wish to be." The True Artist Type, as we take it to be, is neither that which was a combination of Bohemianism and bounce, nor the high-flyer after fashion," but he who orders biinself, and who learns and expounds the secrets of the divine art with all simpleness, reverence and sincerity. This is the type that can meet our necessities to-day, and the type as we hope that our more promising young musicians will take as the pattern which they should follow. That some of these do so consistently already can only be a source of gratification to all who may be concerned about the musical status of Cymru Fydd." The Late Isalaw. We regrit that circumstances prevented us from being present at the unveiling of the memorial to our lamented and highly esteemed friend. Isalaw, at Glen add a Cemetery, Bangor, on the 23rd ult. A more genial soul never breathed, nor a more steadfast and whole-hearted friend—enemies be had none so far as we are aware. Like the majority of Welsh musicians who have bad to seek in other directions than the art itself for their daily bread, possibly he was never able to do full justice to his talents, but in the frell-expressed words of Hwfa Mon at the unveiling ceremony, his beautiful and natural compositions will last even after that monument has crumbled into dust."

Songs for the People. Asirew Fletcher of Salteua, in a letter te. the Uarqois of Montrase, wrote I know a very wise au thac fcebeved that if aman were permitted to make all the ballaAs lie need net care who should make tke laws ef the aatieB."

THE PRINOE OF REST. Who asks for rest ? thy quiet breast Shall soon ne'er dread lest aught molest, But now a truce to such a guest Gird on thy sword, unsling thy lancet Before thee see the chargers prance, The eye of foe in sternness dance. Let thy unconquered banner wave, E'en though thy blood its staff shall lave, E'en though its folds dip o'er thy gravol To duty true, to toil all tense, Thus prove thy soul's high excellence, Thus prove the source of thy defence! And then at eventide how blest To Jay thee-down, in well-earned resti Upon the Kind AU. Father's breast I William B. ChisBdltn. •

PICKING BERRIES. 'Twas in the season of the year When clustering fruit bedecks the bramble", That gallant Paul and Laura fair Set out upon a pleasant ramble. They went in search of berries red, And Paul seemed somewhat melancholy, But dainty Laura tossed her head, With lightsome laughter blithe and jolly. At last they reached the destined place Where brambles grew in wild profusion, And, lo 1 Paul's melancholy face Put on a look of deep confusion. But Laura laughed in rogaish glee. With lips that rivalled ripest cherries, And while Paul loitered doubtfully, She calmly went on picking berries. At last Paul, dawdling at his task, With face as grave as prebendary s Said, "Laura, dear, I'd like to But Laura went on picking berries. Poor Paul stood still and twirled his hat, His stammering tongue played queer vagaries, Then said, I'd like to tell you that But Laura went on picking berries. r I long have loved you," murmured he, M With love that never, never varies. "In tbat case, don't you think," said she, You'd hfjp mo pwfc the berries ?" wQOd. -'II

Illustrated Fashions. September is the first month of the dul season which lies between the confirmation of the sum- mer modes which are at their height in August, while the early winter fashions are still in their infancy, so that there is little to chronicle in the way of novelties. This season the weather has quite distinguished itself by its determination to do us out of the much-desired summer, and rain and cold have prevailed when sun and warmth could be reasonably expected, so that dainty muslin and lace toilettes have not been so much in demand, and serge and light woollen materials have had an unusual and almost unprecedented vogue. It has been an altogether disappointing state of affairs, for the English winter is gene- • I A Neat Skirt. rally a somewhat prolonged misery, and during its dismal reign we must perforce eschew all delicate gowns for out-of-doors, and content our- selves with the more serviceable cloth dresses of which we are apt to grow wearied. Just now, however, a variety is offered to relieve the mono- tony of things generally, for this is the season of the year when tartans and plaids make their annnat appearance, and prove very becoming and smart-looking when well cut and made. The neat skirt depicted is made of one of the new tartans which are very pretty and soft-look- ing, in' which different colours, such as rich brown, green, and mauve or blue, are inter- mingled. The skirt is cut to walking length and is made with wide flat box pleats. Some- times tartan skirts are trimmed round the lower part of the skirt with strappings or tuckings of plain self-coloured cloth. The most suitable coat for wear with a skirt of this description is tight-fitting and of plain cloth, for however well tartan looks as a skirt it does not look well for a tight-fitting coat. A tartan silk blouse, relieved by a dainty lace collar and craMU, looks very smart, however, for morniniz wear, with a A New Bolero. plain tWfied, serge, or cloth skirt, and I can warmly recommend it for immediate wear to such of my readers as are in doubt as to what to select for immediate wear. The newest skirts are nearly all made in the eminently sensible plan which allows them to clear the ground all the way round. They are still made full, some having the fulness all the way round the waist, this being accomplished by skilfully arranged pleats for the morning wear with a plain tweed, serges yoke, for empiecement is now conspicuously absent from all the best models. Other skirts again have the fulness kept more to the back, but the skirt is so well cut that it stands out well from the waist. The broad flat pleats stitched and pressed into place for some distance below the waist and springing out betow the knee are perhaps the most popular for the moment, lhe coatee sketched shows one of the latest and smartest styles for one of the little coats which form so important and neces- sary an item of our outfit at present. The bolero proper will not remain much longer as an every- day pieceof dress, for as t he season advances we re- quire something a little more clinging and warm, and the smart little garment sketched is emi- nently designed to suit these requirements. Added An Autumn tiat. warmth is given to the shoulders by the double cape, and the chest is protected by the embroi- dered cloth vest fastened down the front with small gold buttons. The back and sides of the coat are tight fitting, and held in place by the wide folded silk band, while the fronts hang loosely. There are twists of cords and tassels arranged to give a finish down either side of this fronts. This coat would look well expressed in black cloth with a white cloth vest embroidered in coloured silk and & closely fitting band of black velvet. The hat sketched is an exceedingly pretty style for autumn wear. It is made of burnt straw and is trimmed with a wreath of cherries and then leaves arxanged ronnd the crown. It is of the wide flat shape which still holds its own, although there are hints abroad as to a marked change from this plateau style to more pronounced crowns of the jam-pot order. There is generally in the order of things a rebound from any very pronounced fashion which is apt to lead ns to extremes, but it is be hoped that this will not be so as regards our millinery for autumn and winter. Extremes of any fashion are always avoided by a woman with really good taste who, while following the ever-varying modes closely, will always be guided by her innate sense of fitness. Toques are certainly becoming less aggressive than hitherto, and will be worn smaller and of a neater shape. Bright colours will be much used in hats and toques, and some- timesiintermingled so as to introduce a brilliant combination of colouring into our tout ensemble. Feathers, but really good feathers, will be found a good investment, as they will form the sole trimming of some of the most dressy hats, and are in -some cases dyed bright or shaded colours. COQUETTE.

"Susie," said a teacher to one of her pupils, you shouldn't make faces. You'll grow up ugly if you do so." Susie looked thoughtfully into the teacher's face for a moment, and then innocently asked, Did you make faces when you

SCIENCE AND HEALTH By Br. ANDREW WilSON, F.R.S.E., Se. A Curious Drug. I have been perusing lately an account of an extremely:curious drug known under the name of haschiseb." This drug has, of course, been long known in medicine, and is otherwise termed the extract of Indian hemp. The technical name of the drug is Cannabis Indica. For ages I suppose the nature of this drug, and of the effects it is capable of producing upon the human body, have been familiar to the inhabitants of the East, and I read that edicts and laws have from time to time been made prohibiting its use. it is pos- sible, of course, as has been remarked, that tobacco and opium have to a certain extent sup- planted Indian hemp, but there can be little doubt that it is still used, and the scientific phrases of its action present certain very in- teresting points for consideration. Referring to a text book with regard to this matter, I find that the action of Indian hemp is one which specially affects the convolutions of the brain. It produces a. certain kind of intoxication, but associated with this latter feeling we find what has been termed a disordered consciousness of personality—in other words, that the individual is apt to lose a knowledge of himself as a being, and to imagine, in plain language, that he is someone else. Ideas of locality and time also become disordered, with a certain amount of ex- citement, ani with notions of grandiose charac- ter, accompanied by hallucinations. Some of its Properties. It would appear that the effects of haschiscli vary very mnob in different individuals. This is quite to be expected, and is a feature common to other drugs. It appears that in Turkey Indian hemp is amoked in a. water pipe along with tobacco. The effect of this is to send tbe smoker into a bind of ecstatic state, followed by a kind of cataJepsyor trance. All feeling or sensation seems then annihilated, but dreams of a singu- larly lively character are said to follow. It is hardly to be wondered at that Indian hemp is taken, as alcohol is used here, to lessen grief and to render the subject oblrvious to worry and trouble. The curious point seems to be that, as regarded by the author of the paper to which I have alluded, the effect of Indian hemp on Europeans is different from its effect on Eastern peoples. It is said that in the European the use of Indian hemp stimulates the mind in a remark- able aegree, and probably through its effect on the nervous system renders muscular work less fatiguing, for tbe time being at least. Further effects appear to be analogous to those which follow the smoking of opium, for the person who has smoked the baschiscb appears to lose count of time, and to be capable, apparently, of grasping* what one might call the great problems of the universe. The hearing is also said to be remark- ably stimulated, and in so far as sensation is con- cerned it is statei in the paper to which I refer that even a slight impression in the folds of a garment in tact with the skin were magnified to an extreme degree. In small doses this drug seemed to stimulate the appetite. We see in this curious substance another illustration of the use of a drug to induce feelings of contentment and ease. This-substanco is probably, however, much less a sleep-producer than opium. I may add that it is used in medicine, and is sometimes pre. scribed in combination with other drugs for the treatment of brain diseases. Our Mineral Output. A reoent report on the mineral output of our own and of other countries gives some interest- ing statistics regarding the world's wealth as re- presented in the earth's crust. In 1901 tbe re- port states that the totaJ amount of coal pro- duced throughout the world was 789,000,000 tons. More than one-third of this amount came from the United States. Britain contributed less than one-third, whilst Germany gave about one-fifth. These three countries together contributed six- sevenths of the coal supply of the world. With regard to the British Empire itself we produced one-third of the coal, one-ninth of the copper, half of the gold, an eighth of the iron, a fifth of the lead, a seventieth of the petroleum, a. quarter of the salt. a ninth of the silver. five eighths of the tin, and one fiftieth of the zinc. With regard to the number of persons engaged in mining and quarrying at home and abroad, four and a half millions gained their daily bread in this way. One-fifth of this number are found in the United States, the employees of the British Empire numbering a third. Radium Rays. In a recent article J described the discovery of the new metal radium, and its marvellous pro- perty of continuing to emit rays without appa- rently undergoing a proportionate waste of sub- stance. It bas been recently asserted that amongst other properties the rays of this metal might be capable of being successfully used in the treatment of cancer just as electrical rays are used in the treatment of lupus. I observe that it has been stated that a case of cancer has been successfully cured in Vieuna through the applica- tion of radium rays. The tumour is said to have completely disappeared, the particular compound of radium used being the bromide. I should, however, warn my readers that before the inci- dent can be accepted as of definite kind a care- ful account of the case compiled by the medical men in attendance will require to be furnished. At the came time, it may be quite within the possible range of "these curious rays that they should be capable of affecting the growth of malignant disease. An tnteresting Discovery. As is well known, the vast majority of cases of typhoid fever arise from drinking water which has been polluted through the passage into it of tbe bacilli or germs of this disease. These germs are, of course, given off in the bowel discharges of the patient, and unless they are at once and definitely disinfected and thus killed they may be extremely liable to gain access if carelessly treated to water supplies, and thus spread the disease in an epidemic fashion. Typhoid fever, 1 may remark, is a disease specially characteristic of the autumn season, and it therefore behoves us to be specially on our guard against attack during the time which is near at hand. In addi- tion to the common source of infection from polluted water, or through milk which has acquired the germs most probably from water either used to dilute it or from impure water em- ployed in cleansing vessels, there are certain other sources from which we are liable to obtain the germs. Oysters laid down in places to which sewage of towns has access are well known to have the power of communicating typhoid fever to those who eat them. Unwashed vegetables must also be added to the list of possible sources of infection, and an interesting discovery was recently placed on record by an Italian physi- cian connected with the possibility of attack from the vegetable side. The investigator to whose discovery I refer found that the germs of typhoid fever exhibited a curious power of spread- ing along the surface of solid bodies without any fluid in which they were growing. But as is well known the germ of typhoid is capable of throwing out certain thread-like filaments, and it is sug- gested that it is through the action of these threads that it is capable of attaching itself to solid bodies. The practical application of this discovery us quite clear. If, for example, to watercress beds polluted water gains access, we can readily see bow tbe germs may attach them- selves to the leaves of these plants, and how, unless watercress is very carefully washed before consumption, it may be tbe means of conveying this disease. The practical lesson here is that all water which is allowed to gain access to vege- table matter used for consumption should bave its purity well assured. Sunlight and the Body. I recently noted in an American scientific journal a curious experiment which had been made on the time taken and on the power pos- sessed by sunlight in penetrating through the tissues of the human body. By means of an arrangement of a photographic plate placed between the teeth and the cheek, and the mouth practically closed so that no light could enter by it, it was found that when the skin surface was exposed to sunshine in the month of February for a. space of 40secs. an image was developed on the plate. Several experiments of this kind were made. It was found, for example, that in a negro less light was transmitted to the plate than in the case of the white man. Also in another case, where the subject possessed a thick beaxa of black colour, the effect was lessened. Experiments of this kind tend to prove what certain physicians have on held—viz., tha.t exposure of the skin surface to the direct rays of the sun has a powerful modifying effect in the case of many diseases. There is a certain light cure in vogue on the Continent where patients are made to expose themselves completely to the sun for a certain time each day, and this cure is said to operate with great success in the treatment of diseases, especially of a nervons kind. The observer whose investigations I qaote maintains that his experi- ments throw some light on the question of the value of red light in the treatment of smallpox. He maintains that no chemical light of any great amount reaches the patient when he is ex. posed to red rays alone, as by the placing of red draperies over hIs window, irritation by the other light rays being in this way prevented. Whether or not this deduction is correct may be open to doubt, but we can readily understand that the action of light upon the circulation of the blood < in any part exposed to it, and especially the | effect of direct rays of the sun, must exercise a very decided effect on the delicate cells of which our tissues are composed. We see here in these experiments an analogy to the use of light rays in the treatment of cancer and-other diseases—a subject to which frequent reference bas been made in this column.

A Filial Child.—A certain gentleman, well known to society, while one day strolling round his stables, came across his coachman's little boy on a seat playing with his toys. After talk- ing to the y >ungster a short time, he said :— Well. my little man, do you know who I am ?" Oh, yes," replied the youngster you're the ^siftowhQ rta'ltju, ffdbtr).

THE HOUSEHOLD. I called on a friend the other dav who had made a charming little jewel box of most inex- pensive materials and with very little work. The box itself is a three-cornered one of cardboard, covered with brocade, and the edges are run round with fine silk cord. It is lined with sateen. I think the illustration is almost enough to guide one in its construction but I will give you a few particulars and the measurements of the one I saw. Three pieces of triangular card were first cut, each having one side 1O incbes long, and two other sides five and a quarter. One of these was next covered very thickly with the wadding and brocade fastened over it. The other two were covered with sateen. Three strips of card were next cut, one and a haJf inches deep, to fit round the three sides of the silk-covered cor- ner wise card, and each covered on one side with silk, the other with brocade, and sewn neatly to the edges of the corner-wise card. The other card coveied with the thin silk was sewn to the back of the case, and the brocade coverad card on the top of it. The quantity of material required was I A Pretty Jewel-Caso. half a yard of brocade and the same qaantity of thin silk, and two yards of finesilk cord. This little work-bag can be made out of almost any material, and look nice, but I have just done it in pale blue figured silk,and it looks charging. One yard of satin and a 22-inch square of silk is required also eight pom-poms, and two yards of silk cord, I commenced by lining the square with the satin. This may be done on the reverse side for three of the bides, turned, and sewn up the fourth side. I cut a piece of satin measuring 28 inches by 11, turned over three inches, and stitched along twice, leaving a space between the stitching to run the cord in, and hemmed the other edge. Next the silk square was placed with its four points at equal distances round the bag one and a half inches from where the cord was run in. The pieces of silk were folded over between the points and stitched to the edge of the satin. Then the eight pom-poms wete sewn on, one on each point and each fold all round the bag. If yon attempt this. be careful to thread the silk so that the mouth of the bag can be quite closed if required. The bag holds quite a lot of work. Have you tried your hand at stella work ? There can be no "acceptable excuse if you have not, for it is one of those rare processes that have really no disadvantages. It is so easy that a child might execute it, and it is as pretty and inexpensive as it is easy. It is prepared for work- ing upon white cable cloth, a strong material not to be distinguished from linen. Tea-cloths traced for working cost but Is 6N, tray-mats are ]Ojd, table-centres, 8id, night dress-bags, Is Oid. and duchess sets Is 3id each. These can.be had from most drapers, no doubt,bat if you have I Woik-Bag in Satin. I any difficulty I shall be glad to give you the name and address of a wholesale agent if you will drop me a post-card via the Editor. The fashionable mixture of blue and green in articles of dress has extended also to embroidery with the best of results, and in the new stella work we find the stars themselves executed with blue lustrines in three shades, the encirling frame being in as many shades of green. The shades > of b\ae in the stars are divided so that in some these are four rays made with the darkest, two witp the medium, and two with the palest shade, in others the palest shade predominates, in yet others they are divided equally. Each ray is composed of a single picot, or loop-stitch. This is made exactly like one link of a chain-stitch, the needle being taken through to the wrong side over the centre of the loop. Next,, a good-sized button-hole ring is sewn down in the centre of the star with about eight stitches of fine black thread carried completely over the ring from the outer edge down into the centre. Other stitches of black are worked outwards from the ring, two being made between each ray of the star. Picot stitch is also called into requisition for the frame which surrounds the stars. Here we have one loop-utitch between each pair of rays, and the shades are used very much as tbey were for the stars themselves. The effect is bold in the extreme, and a small tray-cloth or d'oyley could easily be made in the course of a morning or afternoon. A correspondent asks me bow to clean white ostrich feathers. Take half a pound of white soap, cut into small shavings,and dissolve in a gallon of water rather more than lukewarm, in a large vessel or earthen pan, Make this into a lather by whipping it well. Bring the feathers out singly and rub them well overwitb the lather, taking care, however, to put the pressure on-the right way of the stem. After this thorough I A Stella Work Border. soaping and squeezing wash the feathers care- fully in clean water as hot as the hands can bear. Shake each feather oat separately by the Bide of a moderate fire, and in some instances the curl will come out naturally if not, when dry the curl can be produced by scraping each separate fibre up with a penknife ana giving it a slight twist. The vicir who married my parents was noted throughout the county for his excellent fatherly advice to young couples be wedded. He bad printed cards of advice which he ased to distri- tribute, besides giving guidance verbally. One of these cards was for the man and the other for the woman. What the first contained I am afraid I shall never know, but my mother gave me the one presented to her.and I feel justified in giving it ip this column. It ran as follows—" When you marry him, love him. After you marry him, study him. If he is honest, honour him. If he is generous, appreciate him. When he is aad, cheer him. When he is cross, amuse him. When he is talkative,listen to him. When he is quarrel- some, ignore him. Tf he is slothful, spur him. If he is noble, praise him. If he is confidential, encourage him. If ba is secretive, trust him. If he is jealous, cure him. If he cares naught for pleasure/coax him. If be favours society, accompany him. If he does you a favour, thank him. When he deserves it, kiss him. Let him think bow well yon understand him but never let him know that von I manage him." Whether or not all this is possible, I cannot say, but the fact remains that he was an ingenious old man of his time. In flats, or in a narrow street, the kitchen windows are often dreadfully overlooked, and servants find it extremely annoying to have no privacy in their work. A very effective and cheap substitute for ground glass will be found most useful under these circumstances. Dissolve in a little hot water as much Epsom salts as the liquid will absorb, then, while still hot, paint the win- dow smoothly over with the mixture. The window when dry will present the appearance of being made of ground glass, which effect can be removed at any time if necessary by washing in cboiliug water and ammonia. ETHEL.

A Practical Farmer. Some years ago, before the bicycle was in such favour as it is now, a farmer went into an iron- monger's shop to buy a scythe. After serving. him the shopman asked if be would bn* v a bicycle. What might the price of them be ?" asked the customer. Fifteen pounds. I'd rather spend E15 on a cow." "But what an idiot you would lookrising about the town on the back of a cow." Perhaps so," replied the farmer, bat not half such an idiot as I'd look trying tonnilk a 'bicycle."

Horrible Thought.—" Here's an astrologer who predicts that King Edward is shortly to pass through a lot of trouble, a dark cloud hanging over the Empire. Some borribte calamity, don't you know." I'll bet Alfrea Austin is writing another ode." Civic Jealousy.-Visitor You haven't got half as nice a cemetery here as we have in Elm- vi Ile. -Prominent Citizen (of Hawville) No, I've always heard that the cemetery is the only part of your town that holds out any inducements for permanent residents. I had to discharge my wife to-day." What was the matter ?" II SlIe wm fceixid to the 89i.

I Welsh Tit-Bits. NeuWreichion Oddiar yr Eingion BY CAORA WO. A Forgotten Art. Hawking, though a pastime now disused, wag once an important art, and was extensively nractised in Wales, and it is important to those who are inclined to study ancient Welsh history and the works of our most distinguished poets to know the meaning of the frequent references we find in the productions of almost every ancient writer to this art. It consisted in the training of birds of prey, such as the goshawk, sparrow- hawk, the falcon, the hobby hawk, &c., to the chasing and capturing of wildfowl and all kinds of game they were able to set upon. Falconry waa an establishment attached to every gentleman's seat in past ages and the duty of the falconer was to tame, manage, and train birds of prey, particu- larly those we have named, in order to employ them with advantage in the pursuit of game. This office was considered a very honourable position, tbe tDuke of St. Albans being Tfrrt- ditary Grand Falconer of AU England. We find that this diversion was popular and in high repute as late as the reign of King James I., and that Sir Thomas Monson gave as much as a thousand pounds for a cast of hawks in the reign of Edward III. In those days it was made felony to take these birds' eggs, even in a per- son's own ground, and punishable with imprison- ment. English historians take notice of this art as early as the thirteenth century, yet in Walss we have a much older account of the practice, and the importance attached thereto, and of its being registered as one of "The Royaf Sports of Wales." Both hunting and falconry (or hawking) formed the Royal pleasures of the Kings and Princes of Wales and tbeir courtiers in early times, alai long prior to the Norman invasion. The Codes of Laws relating to the royal huntsman and the falconer« with the values of certain beasts of the chase and birds, are peculiarly set forth by Hywel Dda—Howel tbe Good-tbe lawgiver of Wales. This King reigned early in the tenth century, and his three independent codes belonged respec- tively to Vendotia (or North Wales), Dimetia (or South Wales), and one adapted to Gwent and South-east Wales). These laws were framed about A.D. 940. at the Congress at Y Ty Gwyn ar Dav (The White House on the River Taff), near Whitiand. in Caermarthenshire, where Hywel had a hunting lodge. The scribe selected to arrange the laws was the scholarly Blegywryd, styled the Arch- deacon of Liiandav (Glamora.nsbire).1 Among the officers of the Court the hebogydd (or falconer) held the fifth place, whilst the chief huntsman immediately succeeded that royal functionary, being given the sixth place in point of honour, the chief huntsman being termed Y Penkynydd." The following are extracts from Hywel Dda'e Code, relating to hawking, with translation.mfc? English :— Dull Gwent (The Gwentian Code). Breint Hebogyd. Cap. XV. Sec. I.—Pa dyd bynhac y dalys yt hebogyd crychyd, neu bwnn, neu cbwibonogyl, nynyd orym y bebogyd, tri gwassanaeth awna y Brenin iddaw dal y march tra esgynha, a dal y march tra disgynho, a dal y march tra achubij yr adar. What day Boever the falconer shall take heron, or a bittern, or a curlew with his bawky tbe King performs three services for him holds his horse while he shall mount, and his horse while be shall dismount, and hold hit hQrøe while be shall secure the birds. Sec. II.—Teir gweith y banrecca y Brenhic ef y nos hoano, oe law e hunan, ar uwyt key. yn Haw y gennat yd anrecea beunyd ef; eitbyr yn y teir gwyl arbenhic, ar dyd y llatho aderyc, enwauc, Three times the King presents bim on that night with food with his own hand; for by his messenger he sends presents to him daily, except on the three principal festivals, and the day that he sball bill a notable bird. Sec. III.—Ar neillaw y Kyghellawr yd eistec yg Kynedach. He sits at one side of the Cangbellor at tb banquet, Sec. IV.—Croen byd a geiff yr bebogyd 1fS Hydref y gan y penkynyd yd kyneir tanyi- hualeu a menyc idaw. The falconer has the skio of a hart from tht chief huntsman in October, to make jesses aa^ gloves for himself. Sec. V.—Bbren deu uarch ageiff y uarch of. His horse has the rations of two horses of provender. Sec. VI.—Nyt yf namyn teir diawt yn y Neuad, rac bot guatl ar yr hebogau trwy vedd- uawd Bestyr bagen a uyd y erbynneit y wirawt yny Llys. He only drinks three times in the hall, lest through ebriety his hawks should be neglected there shall be a vessel, however, to receive liquor in the palace. Sec. VII.—March byth yn orseb ageiff y gatl brenbin. He has a borse always in attendance, from thf King. Sec. XIV.—Y tir ageiff ynryd. He has bis land free. Sec. XVI,—Y dydd yd balys yr hebftgyd edeym enwauc, ac na bo y brenbin yn y lIe pan del YI bebogyd yr llys ar ederyn gantao, y brenhin adyly kyfodi racdao ac ony chuyt ef adyly rodi f wis-cauo ymdanao yr hebogyd. The day on whicb the falconer shall take c. noted bird, and the King be not present whelt. the falconer returns to the palace with the birdc the King is to rise to receive him; and if he do not then rise, let him give the garment he may have on to the falconer. Sec. XVII.—Ef bieu calon pob llwdwn or t ladher yn y llys. The heart of every animal which shall bt slaughtered in the palace belongs to bim. Sec. XIX.—CJn urient nyd y uerch a merche€ y swyddotgion ereill. His daogbter is equal in privilege with the daughters of the other officers. Sec. XX.—Punt oyd y obedio ef. His ebediw is ouepounil. Cap. VIll. Sec. IX.—Llety yr hebogyd uJ" ysgubwr y brenhin, cany char yr hebogeu y moc. The lodging of the falconer is in the barn, for tbe hawks have an aversion to thfl smoke. (To be continued.)

Kept the Rains Off. A prominent Baltimore business man, wh( knows more about driving trades and bargains than he does about driving horses, is spending the summer at White Sulphur Springs. Last week be took his wife driving, but before h< started inquired of tbe liveryman Is this horse perfectly safe ?" Perfectly," answered the liveryman, un- less you allow his tail to be mixed up with tb. reins. The city man hesitated to start, but was en- couraged to proceed by the assurance, If yet just keep the rein away from his tail he'll be all right." As he returned the team in the evening thf liveryman said, Well, I see you have had ac trouble." Oh, no," said tbe Baltimoran we had only one shower while we were out, and my Wlf, held her umbrella over his tail while that lasted."

Not Alarming. "I really feel worried about my husband, b« is getting to be so absent-minded," said a young wife to her dearest girl friend. Tell me about it, dear," said the friend, sympathetically. Well, be came home from business very late the other evening and I beard him talking in the hall." To himself," asked the friend, saapieionttyj No. indeed." Not the—cook ?" I should say not. What an idea I No when I went down I found him with a featber duster in his hand, and would you believe it, tbc poor fellow was trying to make it say, 1 Poll; want a biscuit.'

Towne: He'B very wealthy.—Mrs Towne: Yes. and very stingy and economical.—Towne Yoz don't know that. You mustn't judge a man b, his clothes.— Mrs Towne: Certainly not; I'1¥ judging him by his wife's clothes. Tramp Yue, my brother had no eddieatioo, an it wur his ruin.—Smith How was that Tramp He forged a name on a oheaue sp»Uio' war fewl.