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CARMARTHENSHIRE1 CAMPAIGN.…
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CARMARTHENSHIRE CAMPAIGN. THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE i CONDEMNED. MR. LLOYD-GEORGE AND PROFESSOR JONES. The campaign of protest against the action of the Carmarthenshire Education Committee in refusing to acquiesce in the decision of the Cardiff Conference to withhold rate-aid to the non-provided schools was continued at Whitland on Friday evening, when a crowded meeting was held at the Tabernacle Congre- gational Chapel, under the presidency of the pastor, the Rev. William Thomas. Special importance attached to the demonstration inasmuch as it was understood that the pro- test had special reference to the stand made by the Rev. Professor Jones, chairman of the education committee, in characterising the policy of the Cardiff Conference as "un-Chris- tian, immoral, and cowardly." and the sup- port given to his view by fourteen out of twenty members present at the education committee. Mr. Lloyd-George, M.P., and the Rev. Elvel Lewis received a great ovation on their appearance on the pulpit platform. Mr. Lloyd-George said that Mr. Balfour, in a letter in that day's papers, asked them why they did not strike against the payment of taxes in the past, and why did they protest now. Their answer was—this was the first real chance they had had of effectually pro- testing, and they were going to take it. (Applause.) It was a chance the Government gave them foolishly. As soon as he (the speaker) saw that the Government were going to impose upon the county council the duty of leying the education rate. he saw at once and rejoiced that the Lord had at last delivered the Tories into their hands. (Ap- plause.) That was what he thought, but he had not heard of Professor Jones then. (Laughter.) He thought that all the county councils of Wales were made up of men of courage, of principle, and of convictions, and true to the tradition of their fathers. H heart swelled with pride. when he thought of it. He said. "At any rate. Wales will now show the way," and, in spite of all the professors in Christen- dom, it would do so yet. (Applause.) He had thought more of that Act and resolution than anything else he had given thought to. His colleagues and himself had incessantly studies every comma and semi-colon in it, and he thought they had at last put a full-stop to it. (Laughter and applause.) They took months to consider what line to take. They had a convention at Cardiff, and their pro- posals were submitted to it; a second conven- tion was held at Cardiff; they had con- ferences of county councils at Llandrindod and Swansea, as well as a convention of the whole body of Free Churches in England and Wales at Brighton. All had considered the propceals of the Welsh members, and all had concluded that the right line to take was the course recommended to the county council by the WeJsh members, but Professor Jones said that the action decided upon by the mass of Nonconformist opinion throughout the king- dom was cowardly, un-Christian, and im- moral. ("Oh," and "Shame.") That was very extraordinary. The whole body of the Free Churches met at Brighton, and, according to Professor Jones's interpretation, they delibe- rately resolved to enter upon an orgie of im- morality throughout the kingdom. Really, he must say something more upon that extraordinary position. There was Pro- fessor Jones, a. Christian minister, he believed he was that—{"Oh" and laughter) -deliberately seeing his brethren in the Ministry, distinguished men who had been of good repute up to the present, suddenly embarking upon this immoral action, and what did Professor Jones do? Did he go to Brighton to rebuke them and remon- strate with them? No; he Bulked in his study at home. If that was not a cowardly action. he would like Proteseor Jones to give a better illustration to his own conduct. (Hear, hear.) If he thought that all those great ministers were guilty of un-Christian oonduct in press- ing upon all the Free Churches in the land to take th&.t course his business was to go to Brighton and save them from such a disastrous action, instead of having fled to Tarsus. (Loud laughter.) He had better take oare that the result to him would not be more disastrous than the result that happened to his predecessor who was thrown over- board. (Hear, hear.) They had millions of people in the Free Churches, each of them thinking probably that he had got the best judgment as to events, policy, and action. But they could not have millions of different courses of action, and, when they consulted together and came to a common conclusion, he thought it was the business of ,every loyal man to pursue tha.t common course. (Applause.) It was quite open to Professor Jones to attend the meeting and try to a.lter the policy. Why did he not go to Brighton and argue with them? He would nave been listened to, and if he rate good reasons against the course they were taking they would have changed their minds. The same thing would have happened at Cardiff and at Swansea if he could have given good reasojs ior ohanying the course. But, eeeing that all the progressive councils in Wales had unitedly come to this conclusion as to the non-levying of rates for non-provided schools, he thought it was unfair and dis- loyal in any progressive council to break away, for, when one progressive council broke away it aid more harm than when a Tory council went wrong. (Hear, hear.) Like the lost sheep, the Carmarthenshire Council had gone into the wilderness, and their enemies were now making a great taunt and harvest of the fact. Its action really weakened the cause throughout the whole kingdom, and that was why he was taking so much trouble to bring the lost sheep back. It was very hard that one of their own men should give them away in the hour of victory. (Hear, hear.) Victory was in reach, the enemy were flying before them, when all at once came that diversion which threw them back at the mercy of the enemy, but, thank goodness, he had never yet heard of a professor winning a battle. Professors were all very well to write their views on fights that had passed. The county that failed, at the present opportunity, was a traitor to the great traditions of their fathers. Professor Jones talked about the education of the children. He said, "Are you going to neglect the education of the chil- dren." Well, he would prefer, personally, that those children should, if necessary, go for two or three years without education than that they should teach them doctrines which, in the judgment of that audience, were injurious to their future. After all, in every great fight somebody must suffer. Cromwell never asked, when he hit a, cava- lier, what would become of his children. It might be cruel, but, after all, they could not think of all those things when in the thick of the fight, and when there were grave con- sequences involved, which were not matters of two or three years' importance. (Applause.) The Rev. H. Elvet Lewis (London) said it was very difficult for him, as an old pupil and life-long friend of Professor Jones, to oppose what, he felt assured, were well con- sidered views, but it mutt be done, whoever might be their opponent; He had, however, the authority of Professor Jones for saying that the statement he made at the education committee was purely from the standpoint of the children, and that, had he known the application and use which would have been made of his words, he would not have uttered them in the form he did. (Hear, Jrtar.) A resolution was then carried with accla- mation, appealing to the county council to decline rate-aid to non-provided schools unless the foundation tn*na«rers placed them entirely undfcr public oorrtrol, ItS matter of justice to the ratepayers, and a proof that the coun- cil approved of the policy adopted at the Cardiff National Convention. The meeting also commended the stand made by the minority of the education committee. MEETING AT CARMARTHEN. Another meeting of protest was held at the Guild-hall, Carmarthen, on Satur- day afternoon, when the BeT. A. Fuller Mills (Baptist) presided over a crowded audience. Mr. Lloyds-George, M.P., Mr. Brynmor Jones, M.P., and the Rev. H. Elvet Lewis were princi- pal speakers. The chairman opened the proceedings by evoking ambiguous lausfhter with the state- ment that he was glad to belong to that new order of Christians—the cowardly, the un- Chrifrtian, and the immoral. Mr. Lloyd-George, M.P., said that nothing had occasioned greater surprise and distress amongst all true Liberals and Nonconformists in England and Wales than the action of the Carmarthenshire Education Committee. To him it was a source of great perplexity, and hed neither fathom nor explain it. In October last the Carmarthenshire County Council, consisting: of the same men, passed a resolution that under no conditions would they administer the Education Act at all. Pro- fessor Jones and Mr. Henry Jones Daviee-and the whole lot of them—voted for it. They were not satisfied to wait until the fight ca.me, but took off their coats six months in advance, and, like Mr. Snodgrass in one of Charles Diokens's novels, they gave notice to all and sundry—to Lord Rose be ry and the highest and lowest in the land, down to the humblest commoner—that six months hence the County council of Car- marthen were going to strike- What had become of that? Their courasr"' had oozed out from their finger tips, 1 oment they smelt powder they ran except their own" Mabon." (Gre and applause.) What had ha- ice to make them change? The r i" in the resolution was, "Unless rovides satisfactory control ovei :e-aided schools." Did they conside u, Bill, as passed, provided satisfact • y ,1 over those schools? (Cries of ( 'jr well, then. why did they not stx: resolu- tion? (Applause.) He r, ring to ftnd out reasons for th< of the county council, and, naturally, in order to get at those reasons, he read, first of al.1.: Professor Jones's, and then the speech of his friend the bishop—(great laughter)-because he observed that whilst Mr. Elvet Lewis and he were criticising the action of Professor Jones on the previous evening at Whitland, his friend the bishop was defending him at Lampeter College—a very proper platform for the defence — (laughter) — and he ob- served that the Prime Minister also took the same view. (Great laughter.) The only distinction he would draw between them would be this: it seemed to him that the Prime Minister and the bishop defended the proposol. course of policy in much more moderate language than Professor Jones. (Laughter.) .They had not charged them with "un-Christian, cowardly, and immoral conduct. (Cries of "Shame.") They had left that to one of their own Nonconformist brethren. (Loud cheers.) If Churchmen wanted their schools to be treated fairly, let them hand their schools over to the county council. ("Hear, hear," and applause.) The Bishop of St. David's had asked the question, "Don't Churchmen pay rates? If so, why should not Churchmen get their share of the rates?" They did. Nonconformists paid rates, but they did not ask for rates for their own schools; they were willing that the schools should be controlled by the rate- payers. If Churchmen were in a majority Churchmen would control; but if Church- men were in the minority they must allow the majority to rule. But they wanted it both ways. (Laughter.) The gentlemen who were going to levy rates must go through with it. They did not pass resolutions and then withdraw from them. Once a rate was levied they had got to raise it, if there was no part of the county to resist it. Had those gentlemen who ran away from their resolution six months ago the courage to imprison their fellow Nonconform- ists of Carmarthenshire? (Cries of "No.") Mr. Davies, Rhydyrhaids. then proposed a resolution protesting against the action vof the Carmarthenshire Education Committee, and calling upon the county council to reject the committee's recommendations. The resolution was seconded by the Rev. E. Davies, Carmarthen, supported by Mr. Brynmor Jones, and the Rev. Elvet Lewis, and carried. DEMONSTRATION AT LLANDILO. MR. LLOYD-GEORGE AND THE BISHOP OF ST. DAVID'S. At a. later hour a largely-attended meeting, with a similar object, was held at the Drill- hall, Llandilo, under the chairmanship of the Rev. Phillip Jones (Methodist). Mr. Abel Thomas, M.P. for East Carmar- thenshire, ventured to think that the majority of the Nonconformists of Wales were agreed with him (the speaker) that they must make it impossible to put the Education Act into full force in any part of Wales. (Hear, heaf.) He had that morning read the speech of the Bishop of St. David's. It was a delibe- rate and patient speech, and, in hie opinion. an honeet speech—-(hear, hear)—in which the bishop put a conundrum which was an extremely easy one to answer. His lordship seemed to think that the basis upon which they should test the Act was whether it was not Churchmen who paid the major portion of the rates in each parish. Had his lordship forgotten what was equally as certain, that. though it might be possible that Churchmen paid the greater part of the rates, the majority of the children educated in the schools were the children of Nonconformists? (Hear, hear.) Were they to decide what they were to do by the fact that the wealthy man paid more in rates than the poor man? If so. then that was a new doctrine. There was not a. single Churchman who could honestly throw a stone at the Nonconformists for the course they were now taking. (Hear. hear.) Mr. Lloyd-George said he had no doubt that the Bishop of St. David's was a very religious man. He did not challenge his religion at all. because he was brought up as a Non- conformist—(applause and laughter)—and, therefore, he had had a good training. CRear hear.) The bishop, who owed the best in his navure to Nonconformity, was now engaged in persuading others to adopt the same career that he had himself taken. But they could not all be bishops. There were only four bishoprics in the whole of Wales. and only four palaces, and one of those was burnt down -(1aughter)-and, therefore, since they could not all aspire to bishoprics, they must trtad the old prickly path, and they would do it to the end, even though there was no bishopric at the end of it. (Applause.) The Rev. Towyn Jones in a. speech in the vernacular attacked Professor Jones and his supporters as traitors to the common cause of Nonconformity. If Professor Jones did not come back to the fold he was doomed, and so wae the Carmarthen Presbyterian College with him. Other speakers followed, and a resolution similar in purport to that submitted to the Carmarthen meeting was carried unani- mously. MEETING AT AMMANFORD. PROFESSOR JONES AND HIS COLLEGE TO GO TO THE WINDS. Another meeting was held in the open-air at the cricket field, Ammanford, on Saturday evening. "Wa.tcyn Wyn" presided, and the chief speakers were Mr. Lloyd-George, M.P., and Mr. Abel Thomas, K.C.. M.P. The Rev. J. Towyn Jones (Glanamman) moved the usual resolution. He said Professor Jones was trying to be kind to the children, and whenever anybody was pretending to love the children they could be sure Judas was not very far off. (Laughter and cheers.) The place for Professor Jones was the Church of England if he would not seek repentance, and if he did not do this he and his college would go to the winds. (Cheers.) Mr. Timothy Davies (Fulham) seconded, and sat (I that the Borough Council of Fulham had passed a similar resolution to the one of the Carmarthenshire Oounty Council because their chairman came from that county. ("Shame.") Mr. Abel Thomas said it would be very difficult to repeal this Act. Even if they had a big majority in Parliament they would have to convince that ndble Assembly called v the House of Lords. (Laugh- ter.) ft was of no use having a big majo- rity, because they had to convince that I Assembly, and the result was that they must fight the battle in every possible way. He was absolutely astounded to hear who had betrayed them on the county council. Mr. Lloyd-George, speaking in Welsh, said the action of the Carmarthenshire Education Committee had reached the heart of every Nonconformist in the county. He had never known a. county so much moved as Carmar- thenshire had been over this iniquitous Act. He did not know the members of the county council individually, but the Rev. Towyn Jones had given them a very bad character. (The Rev. Towyn Jones: I know them.") And "Towyn" always spoke the truth. (Laugh ter and applause.) They were fighting for a religion that did not require the Government stamp upon it, which was a counterfeit, and they should put it on the list of Chamber- lain. (Laughter and applause.) This false metal was good for nothing except to make screws. (Laughter.) In his last letter to him the late Rev. Hugh Price Hughes said, Whatever happens, I will pay no Church rate," and had he not reached a land where there was no oppression he would to-day be leading them in this campaign, and endea- vouring to keep the old county on the rignt lines. (Cheers.) they would make an efflgy of this new Act a.t the next general election. (Applause.) Professor Jones had asked what would become of the children if they were not taught the Catechism in Car- marthenshire. They would make men of them. (Cheers.) Two and a half millions of boys and girls were taught Catechism which the speaker described as mean, abject doctrines of snobbery. The resolution was tarried unanimously. MR. BRYNMOR JONES AT BURRY PORT. REPLY TO THE BISHOP OF ST. DAVID'S. Speaking a.t Burry Port on Saturday night, Mr. Brynmor Jones said the Act violated the principles of religion, freedom, and equality. Those were principles for which his late father had fought before him. His brother, the late Viriamu Jones, who took no part in politics, also fought for those principles, and had converted the IMe Dean of Llandaff to them. Dealing with passive resistance, he said that he did not think much of that form of proteet. It was not, fn his opinion, a very formidable weapon. He was a, lawyer, and he always accepted rebukes from so friendly an authority as the Bishop of St. David's with the utmost readiness. The bishop sug- gested that he (Mr. Jones) should continue his legal studies. He would not retort with a tu quo que and tell the bishop that he had better continue his theological studies, bat he would like to remind his lordship that there was such a thing as history and political science, and that it would be interesting for him to read the history of the first part of the seven- teenth century. If he did that he would find that Kings and ecclesiastics who set them- selves against the people generally came to a bad end. (Laughter and cheers.) But, really, he had no controversy with the bishop, who was bound by reason of his position to take up a certain attitude. As the bishop had challenged him, however, he would say this: Anyone who refused to pay rates was behaving illegally. If any two or'more persons joined together and Baid they would not pay this education rate they were liable to be indicted for conspiracy at common 16.. Now, that sounded very bad.. (Laughter.) But there was such a. thing as trial by jury, and he did not think that the Attorney-General would find a Welsh jury who would convict them. If any man said that his consoience prevented him from paying this rate, as a lawyer he condemned him, but as a moralist he condoned him. (Hear, hear.) Professor Jones had done immense service to Welsh education, and he waa a man to whom he looked up with admiration and veneration. But Professor Jones said that the course they had resolved upon was immoral, un- I Christian, and cowardly." Was it un-Christian to say that rates should not be handed over to bodies that were not responsible ? THE BISHOP'S CHALLENGE. At St. David's College, Lampeter, on Friday the Bishop of St. David's (Dr. Owen), in responding at the Degree Day luncheon to the toast "The Bishops and Clergy," said he thought he would be wanting in his duty if he made no reference that day to a movement —he did not like to call it an agitation-now on foot, inaugurated by certain Welsh members of Parliament—among whom he numbered some valued personal friends—to induce and, he thought he ought to go go further and say to coerce, Welsh county councils to withdraw rate- a,id from Church schools. Now, that movement was based upon two con- siderations. They were told that that pro- posal was legal, and he understood told- although they had not been exactly told in so many words-that this remarkable move- ment was also just. He would not venture to argue the question of law with friends of his-with two in particular who were learned lawyers and had been publicly making state- ments that for a county council to withhold rate-aid from non-provided schools was not illegal. But he ventured to say this—with all respect for his friend and others who enter- tained that view-they would do well to pursue a little further their legal studies— (laughter)-and he would not be surprised if they found cause to change their opinion. (Hear, hear.) In these days of universal edu- cation even Welsh M.P.'s might live to learn. He might, however, venture to criticise briefly the second plea advanced by this movement. The most fruitful source of fallacies in logic was to ignore some Important factor of the premises of an argument. He ventured to think that these Parliamentary propagandists had forgotten the fact that Churchmen paid rates and taxes as well as other people Nowadays we hear a great deal about "inquiry" into questions of finance. It would be very interesting if someone made an inquiry into the amount of rates and taxes towards education paid by thoee who preferred non-provided schools. Until this inquiry was made he thought it fair to press the subject for consideration whether it would not be found that in every Welsh county the friends of non-provided schools paid more in rates than would be required under the Act to mainta-in those scaools on the same level as provided schools. If this were so it seemed to him that the object of the present move- ment very unconsciously came to this—to deprive the Church schools of the rates of Church people; and he would ask Welsh M.P.'s and others who pressed upon county councils this singular policy to give their reasons for calling it just to deprive Church schools of the rates of Church people. ("Hear, hear," and applause.) He regretted most sincerely that the Act had given rise to pain- ful feelings, but he thought it would be found in time that Welsh people were no less dis- tinguished for clear heads than warm hearts. ("Hear, hear," and applause.) If he was at all right in that line of thinking he Would like. through the courtesy of the press, to respect- fully invite M.P.'s who were speaking on that topic to address themselves specifically upon that point. ("Hear, hear," and applause.) MR. LLOYD MORGAN, M.P.'S VIEWS. The attitude of Mr. J. Lloyd Morgan, M.P. for West Carmarthenshire, upon the policy of no rate-aid for non-provided schools" pursued by certain of his fellow Welsh mem- bers is no longer capable of being misunder- stood. Seen at Carmarthen on Saturday, just before the meeting to be addressed by Mr. Lloyd-George and Mr. Brynmor Jones against the action of the county education committee, Mr. Lloyd Morgan said:— I do not propose to attend the meeting to censure the education committee, because I have not, in the first, place. been invited to attend; and if I had been I should have declined the invitation because I agree with the decision of the education committee, and had I been a member of it I should have voted with the majority. I expressed my opinion on the queetion in this sense, both in public and in private, before the education commit- tee passed the resolution complained of. and nothing that has taken place since has caused me to alter my opinion. I think an unneces- sary amount of personalities has been intro- duced into the controversy. I am sure that those who know Professor Jones as well as I do will be convinced that the savage attack made upon him is not justified, and I believe that when the heat of controversy is over Professor Jones will stand as high as ever In the public estimation."
PALESTINE EXPLORATION.
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PALESTINE EXPLORATION. DISCOVERY OF GREAT ARCHuEO- LOGICAL IMPORTANCE. [BY THE VICAR OF ABERPERGWM.] The "Weekly Mail" has allowed me from time to time to plead through its columns the cause of the Palestine Exploration Fund or to announce some more or less notable discovery made by its officers. While there have not been many sensational "finds" to record, there have been many which are regarded by authorities as of the first im- portance, and among them will probably be classed the discovery which I will now briefly describe. Though the object in this case was not actually unearthed by an agent of the Fund, the discoverer was under the influence, of the Fund, and its importance was first sug- gested by one who has been identified with the Fund for many years as one of its greatest epigraphists and one of the world's great archaeologists. The discovery is that of an ossuary, brought under the notice of the Fund by Miss Gladys Dickson, daughter of the British Consul at Jerusalem. This funerary vessel, to which great archaeological importance is attached, contains a bilingual Greek and Hebrew inscription, and is ornamented on both sides, on one end and on the lid. On the remaining end is the inscription, lightly
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i OCTAT\xJNTTOv^eiK^^j NOpoXK -CUOC— a n J lh ^OC roezv, 1-1 if ,———- Inscription on Ossuary (by permission of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
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engraved. This inscription is read by Pro- fessor Clermont-Ganneau as follows:- The boils of the (sons or descendants?) of Nicanor, the Alexandrian, who made the doors. And the same great authority believes that by "the doors" is meant here the famous door of the Temple of Herod, known as the Gate of Nicanor. What do we know of this gate? We have it described, with some detail, in the Talmud and by Josephus. From these sources we learn that it led from the Women's Court into the Court of the Israelites; that it was approached by a flight of fifteen steps; and that in dimensions and magnificence it our- passed all the other gates of the Temple. It was made of Corinthian bronze, covered with thick plates of gold and silver beautifully worked. It required the united efforts of twenty men to turn the massive folding doors of which the gate consisted upon their hinges. We further learn that they were brought from Alexandria. by a; certain Nicanor. There are various legends men- tioned in connection with the gate. and miracles are said to have been performed on account of it. According to one legend, sup- posed to have been inspired by the story Of Jonah, as the gate was being brought by saa it storm arose, in the course of which the sailors cast one of the leaves of which it consisted overboard. The ship being still in danger of sinking, the sailors were about to throw the other after it, when Nicanor, in despair at the loss of his precious work, besought them to cast him overboard also. The storm, how- ever, abated just then, and Nicanor on dis- embarking had the satisfaction of finding again the second half of the gate, which a huge fish had swallowed and then vomited on land. Josephus relates, amomg the portents that gave warning of the approaching destruction of Jerusalem and of the Temple. that that gate, which required a score of men to move, one night opened of its own accord, to the great consternation of the Jews. I need not mention other wonders related in connection with the gate. What is of interest to us is the fact that there has recently been brought to light a. stone chest which in all probability contained the bones of the donor of this famous gate of Herod's Temple. The Palestine Exploration Fund has now been engaged for some time upon the excava- tion of the site of the ancient Geser, the "portion" given by Pharaoh to hit daughter, Solomon's wife. The discoveries made have been of the highest interest. A pre-Israelite megalithic temple, evidences of infant sac. riflce, and varied forms of sepulture of at least two early races of inhabitants have been brought to light. Owing to an out- break of cholera, which carried Off many of the workers, the Fund's explorer, Mr. Stewart Macalister, M.A.. F.S.A., had to suspend operations for some time. In order to com- plete the work within the period covered by the Imperial firman, the excavation must be pushed on with special vigour, and to enable the Fund to make an exhaustive examination of so important a site within the given time e an urgent appeal is now made to the public for support. Contributions should be sent I to Mr. George Armstrong, acting secretary, Palestine Exploration Fund. 58, Conduit- street. London. W.
- ST. DAVID'S COLLEGE, LAMPETER.…
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ST. DAVID'S COLLEGE, LAMPETER. DISTINGUISHED GATHERING ON DEGREE DAY. The interesting ceremony of conferring degrees on students of St. David's College, Lampeter, took place in the Guildhall of that town in the presence of a large and dis- tinguished gathering. THE PRINCIPAL'S REPORT Principal Bebb, in his annual report, after referring to the recent visit of the late Arch- bishop of Canterbury on the occasion of the seventy-fifth anniversary, states that the number of students who entered during the year was 46, and the average number in resi- dence was 123. The result of the examina- tions had been very satisfactory. It was necessary to emphasise the pressing need for a longer period devoted to the definite study. of theology. This would only be possible if financial assistance was given. If student- ships could be established to make it possible for their own graduates and others who are eligible to take there the three years course preparatory to the B.D. degree of the Univer- sity of Wales, or to help their own students to a period of continuous and quiet study with a view to their own B.D. degree he felt sure that the result would be immediate, far reaching, and permanent in an elevation of the standard of theological interest and knowledge. Eulogistic reference was made to the services of Professor Williams, who had resigned on acceptance of the living of Llandilo Fawr, and changes in the staff having been noted, the professor goes on to remark that it will be a great satisfaction to many to know that the Lectureship in History is to be filled by, the appointment of Mr. T. Stanley Roberta. the most distinguished of the younger students of St. David's College. By his first class in the history tripos at Cambridge, and his winning of the Prince Consort's Prize, he made a mark at Cambridge as a historical student, and, in addition to his general know- ledge of history, he will bring to his future work a wide and first hand knowledge of Welsh history, which will be very valuable to the college. The cataloguing of the college library had been going on steadily, and the removal of the Welsh books and books about Wales to form a separate library had been carried out. The college school had been a continuous sucoess. Recommendations are made for the improvement of the college magazine, and gratitude is expressed to the Old Students' Association, which in two years has subscribed nearly L3M. The endowment fund now stands at £ 3,000. Those who were interested in the college had every reason to be satisfied with the record of the past year. and it was gratifying (added the principal) to find in such complimentary references to its work as were made at the Worcester Diocesan Conference and the Church Congress last year indications of its appreciation bX a gradually widening circle. EXAMINERS' REPORT. It appeared from the examiners' report that perhaps the most remarkable feature in the whole examination was the absence of failure in the third year. The list of candi- dates for that year contained 24 names; the number of those classed in the various lists was 23. and of these six were placed in the first and fifteen in the second class. The examiners explained that this gratifying result was not obtained by a lowering of the standard. None of the candidates could be said to have been helped or to have scraped through. The examiners in. theology gave n very good account of the work done. The examiners in classics observed that there was little to report. Plainly, no candidate reached the level of Alcwyn Jones last year. There was ample evidence of careful teaching and praiseworthy study. In mathematics also there did not seem to have been any candidate equal to Benjamin Davies. But it was not to be expected that St. David's Col- lege would always have a man capable of taking a first class in Oxford Moderations. The history school maintained its high repu- tation. The English essays, though they varied considerably in merit, were generally quite up to the annual standard. Most of them were written in a clear, easy, and natural style. There was no falling off in the Welsh essays, in spite of the temporary dislocation of the arrangements for the teaching of the language. The theological essays were very well done. The examiners were of opinion that the good work the col- lege had been doing for more than 70 years was being maintained, or, rather, wae steadily advancing on sound lines. St. David's College would have, they believed, its full share in the development of education which the coming years were likely to see. Hitherto there had been a great and almost insuperable difficulty in the way of the work of the college. Its students when they began their work were insufficiently prepared. A three years' course in any branch of higher education was all too short when the foun- dations had not been properly laid. Tlaia difficulty had been somewhat mitigated of late by the foundation of the college school. It would, they might reasonably believe, be wholly removed by the spread of secondary education. It was hoped Aat the students of St. David's College would, uneer more favourable circumstances, retain that char- acteristic which struck all who came to examine them, viz., perseverance uuder diflk- culties and determination not to be beaten. If so, the college would do far greater things than it had yet been able to do. The examiners for the B.A. degree and the I icence in Divinity wereMr. L. Stampa, M.A., Magdalen College, Oxford (modern history and English); the Rev. F. Watson, D.D., fellow and lecturer of St. John's College, Cambridge (theology); the Rev. C. M. Blagden, M.A., student and tutor of Christ Churoh, Oxford (classics); Mr. L. J. Roberts, M.A., H.M.T.B. (Welsh); Mr. J. D. Hamilton Dickson, M.A., fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge (mathe- maties); the Rev. W. R. Itfge, M.A., fellow and tutor of Hertford College, Oxford (classics and theology); and Mr. H. 0. Jones, M.A., fellow of Clare College, Cambridge (science). Degrees were conferred as follows:- B.A. DEGREE. Honours.—Theology—Class I.s T. jr. Brans. St. Clears. Clawie"IaM IL: E. A. Jones, Llanrhystid. Mathematics—Class I.: J. T. Davies, Lampeter. Scienoe-Class II.: D. B. Evans, Llanon, Cardiganshire. History- Claes I.: W. E. Thomas, Dowlais, and W. O. Thomas, Holywell. Class H.: L. D. Davies, Llanybri. Carmarthenshire, and E. W. Morgan, Dolbenmaen, Carnarvonshire. Ordinary.- Class I.: M. A. Hughes, Llanaethaiarn, Car- narvonshire. Class n.: L. T. David, Tredegar, Mon.; D. C. Davies, Ferndale; R. P. Hughes, Llanaethaiarn; D. D. Jones, Tregaron; D. S. Rees, Lampeter; and R. S. Roberts, Tenby. Class III.: Z. Jones, Tregaron, and Albeit Lewis, Penwyllt, Neath. Supplemental cer- tificate for B.A. (Licentiates in Divinity)- Class n.: The Rev. D. J. Jones, Carmarthen. LICENCE IN DIVINITY. Class I.: T. D. Jones, Liverpool, and Fred White, Okehampton. Class n.: J. L. Paviea, Lledrod, Cardiganshire; E. Jenkins, Lam- peter; D. Rees (0.). Tregaron; and R. R. Roberts, Bethesda. Theological OeittleMe (third year specialists)—Qaes 11.. J. T. Davies. MODERATIONS. Koaours.-Thloolocy-Class I.: W. B. OunlUfo, Manchester, and W. G. Baynham, Swansea. Class n.: Arthur White. Welshpool. CImi M.: W. J. Jones, PenydaiTen. CUsnica- Glass n.: J. S. Davies. Lampeter. Class in.: D. 1L Davies, St. Clears. Scienoe—Class 1.: Evan Thomas, Maeeycragiau. History—Class I.: L. B. Hughes, Aberystwyth, and D. O. Thomas, Lampeter. Class n.: T J. London, and W. I. lobes, Hargoed. Ordinary- Class I.: G. F. Bond, Llanfihaxtgel, Rortfc; David Jones, Llanelly; and Thomas Parry, Llanfair, Cardigan. Class n.: O. A. Barnes, Coleford, Gloucestershire; John Donne, olaft;, David Jenkins, LIamfair. Lampeter: Maurise Morris, Llandilo; J. M. Price, Gwythern, Llau- rwst; K. X. Richards, Aberdare;. and E. J. Williams, Tregaron. Class m.: D. Daviss. Llanddewi-Brefi; J. W. Hughee. Lampeter; Thomas Jones, Lanipster; H. It. Protheroa, Aberdare; Thomas Thomas, Llanwenog; and Thomas Thomas. Wigan. Theological Oer- tifieate (seoond year spftialista)-.Caoe m.: L- R. Hughes. RESPONalows. Itonourel.-Theoiogy-cian I.: Arthur Owen, Neath. Class H.: G. S. Hall, Old Colwyn. Class m.: B. A. Jones, Talysarn, Carnarvon- shire. Claeslc"iLtiefted the examiners. F. A. Jones, Mydrim, and G. A. Game Williams, New. port. Mon. Mathematics—Class I.: David (B.) Davies, Lampeter. Class n.: T. H. Rioha.rdI. Tregaron. Hifltory-Clau IT-: A. E. Joues, Newmarket, Flintshire, and T. G. Jones, Llan- geitho, Cardiganshire. Ordinary—Class I.: B. J. Davies, Llandyfrydog, North Wales; A. Hughes, Clwtybont, Carnarvonshire; W. A. Thomas, Carmarthen: D. S. Williams, LJ.a8. wroar; S. W. E. Williams, Orymmych, Pern., and J. R. Wood, Stanavix, Carlisle. Class XL: S. Evans, Brynmawr; Ivor F. James, Ota bran; and S. H. Jones, Ynyshir. Class DL: J. M. Beddoe, Gelligaer; D. Davies, Lampeter: J. Davies, Lampeter; D. T. Jones, Lleude- feilo*; and E. Lumley, Dowlaie. Purt A-CMM I.: G. A. 0. Williams. FIRST YEAR BIENNIALS. Class H. Rosser, Ken fig Hill- Class IL:, D. Hughes, Ton Pentre; D. Ll. James, Aberu porth; W. Phillips, Wattstown; and H. RSM- sell, Brietol. Class M.. D. L. Daadelt, puft yates, and W. Erice, Rhymney. PRIZES. Theology: W. E. Cunliffe. Classics: J. 8. Davis. Mathematics: David (B.) Darts*. Science: Evan Thomas. History; W. O. Thomas. Hebrew (OlliiraDt): T. J. Evans. THE LUNCHEON. There was subsequently a luncheon in liw school-hall. The repast was partaken of by a large gathering, over which Principal Bebb presided. On his right was the visitor (the Bishop of St. David's) and on hie left the Lord- lieutenant of Cardiganshire (Colonel Davies- Evans, High mead), together with a number at ladies and lauded proprietors of the distriat,
f:l! ' MAN HIS OWN (GARDENER.
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f:l! MAN HIS OWN ( GARDENER. I CE8TLONS ASKED AND [ ANSWERED. '• ictriB, ^encairn, Sandon, Chelmsford.] It. ts /or Fruit.—S. Lee.—Write to Qv *• for ^i 234, Borough High-street, IU.J.B13 hst of prices. Yn»zzie^I fear it is a case ^3^0U8 to t ^ould call in a vet., as it is of p, aL by correspondence. 8eTif]a?t'A- Constant Reader."—The It ^at of the Alsike clover, or °*ei- is Uaei become naturalised in this as an ornamental plant or »Jfav a8 bpinU 9bould clear it out of your I «a?es of r a Weed there. Vffn,°t na«»oseberrie,8.-T. Hurst.-I regret *4e?llage of go°seberries from the leaves. f8^ h to It*0 varieties is so much n?Certain S,pt to narue them would be *4y6 +i: each please send me one or two C tile OOr when ripe, and I will let you Mth o name3 with pleasure. cote-Eara-"G- J- P.This is a with cats. Dissolve half *atP~ ona*e of soda in half a pint *1% J^ith +C' aud rub the eara outside and »a n? solution on a feather, then *Cerjne fixture consisting of one ounce a half a drachm of carbolic SVrv fet>K °Lthft V?erry.—B. Borrock.—The proper i *he-p ?Tlnter cherry is Physalis alke- re .°ne and the same. It is a & fiA, £ ncl bears brick red pods con- k^Ual Jil which is eatable. It ia very eKc1tan5ein these are ripe, and they for winter decoration in >*e t31*?-"Spv • Climbers for North Aspect.— Ose *ck Ita l; shoot you enclose is from t)?rth ^ld 1ilan Poplar. The Gloir de Dijon fl, gri^e 0f ^v freely, and bloom on the wHeihouse; so would any of i? MnT *ch .lvies, and the Jasmine nudi- ch, V> leaf in summer and blossoms v JV to,lUy a:~S should plant all in winter in vaVie La has been well drained, « ek.*u^ouplns Without Shells—A. l!? in!ilch v,i.queEtion was answered last J^bbioL^ a* see. Egg-shell forming foods » a> S.* «Uci,Crnfihed oyster-shells and lime 5 Ild ae old plaster and grit. These ■1 o»^the rune in little heaps now ►? J-hey may be mixed in the soft ^ftti iTn does not help in any way Blio.. 11 thjtf'J°ut oats are useful to some I way. inci d £ °u seT,^Potatoes-—J- Hazeldine—The w^r,iotivLare affected with the common Vef??' the ,2 Potato disease. It is pro- eht», Srevai6 weather, and I fear it will !°ur K, eQt this season unless dry, barfl 8ets in soon. Please look up C'^Wn^tivA J of June 27, and you will find t Get described there in the form of e to vL^ia materials, mix and apply In- 18 much better than applying V)I I tbn+^'p*>*e Trees.—S. Nevin.—You ?eV w'h Wat i'0ui" fruit trees are well aup- AD +r» at the roots from the time °Iip Mix one ounce of soft A. + £ "on ^^eglaseful of paraffin oil to ft'n8e in thVater' an(i syringe them well i's T»ii»a&airi ,evening. In the morning »a clpjin fioerally with clean water. "IJt.. them thoroughly. You may 1 t\ro or three weeks in succcs- K^iUg p vU'ioih-? havn^^0?8- Cheshire Farmer."— in ^6(J. aa T°tlce^ your inquiry has been vjfclnn, 'a«t ft.blislied details of this pi'o- froih ?v8 notes, which please see. at nr e moist condition of the <v*b> Vili vent» energetic preventative CffVo have to be taken to hinder ^^t +ueas!(>n. and readers should r'lfc i^1 bp ? ,sPraying is a preventative, t, introduced before the disease ^0rth Trees >' Name of Shrnb.—S. t Wlaf oni0 fioap and Paraffin oil at r }%S ,^U1 otince of the former and a v,'atp^. the latter mixed with one t of ni, not injure anything in f <? knpplant8 or india-rubber tubing. I lnwSfe°t <>ro,i'3 "wash safely, and it ia a 1 *vaNfc « tor.. Another sure anti- i 'Oh]f» chiBo ?y. is to take four ounces of I tiiff** ten them in one gallon of I soft ^nntes, strain off, add four ( ?pe. T^0ap' and syringe tbem with ri<?e vJ}^ Warter of an hour after- ThJ/ean water. They cannot th Ho shrub is Spiraea eorbifolia. tiJtoSS sonfo Propping Olf.—H. English. e°il fr.tron'ble occasionally. See thin roots is very firm. Keep Hot"l a'y circus, foliage, in order that the VALCW a/ate through them freely. ^he atSlosphere at all times. I)o ry air ?l0Si)^Iere iumid. A circula- »o nnf -a sreat help to the fruit 0h.\ i °rop ha<.8l/e any liquid manure till iff'1. »S?t not 8 formed. Keep the roots °h will ,^Uratfcd. When the flowers !V fea,le of thn«? almost daily now, brush ^0l"<ii^er- Th?„ oyer very lightly with a b a, I apy tri»if Wl11 fertilise them should Sh Hli 0<i cron €nt fail. I hope you will H*ith n, v IItS WIth n, v Shcea--A' J. Hey.—You lI.i ¡nd dry. fUl in keeping their home to TWn ^.in "wet i?ot Erivo them too much ^i>^s J f!,Ve fice father. To check the itacIci a dnRfeiled, twice a day, and Of r- Well thrn,,«S.8 °f Powdered ohalk, whole who\ the rice. Peed only tifc1 hai*y8- and h?-at or barley for a week toS. f a- that time give each. >H?U Will lV. °f castor oil three £ ?lw-*eli -Soon b5 Hi t^as °heck it, and the m the ng^t. They have laidi Vi«i° be rT ? ^r' a? T_ hope they will fch* irip++ f6! believe they will. fearers fihould have some Mfled in. A little flowers of sul- the soft food occasionally ia.iHi-rficiaL ofl^di^. 0hSt.to Juveniles—I have a cat that TkeH r, terv5ats and mice. It ia on very of?u with the fowls. They all eat „^r the Bame dish, and never quarrel. Wts ih brought five kittens. The nfS t? lhft\for, the event was one of the *ia» to i v»^n"h°use. On the second day, 6Hw «« y. a« absent, a hen went into this d0i»eSJia-l tmt that was nnfortu- as thr»<? at 8at on the kittens and lhfhV t^hich of tllem- APart from the ejcii^ to!; xrrZfj ^eally not a misfortune. ^,J8 FfhoJi A have been destroyed, t w^Sst^ni i harmony which often <injt i Chi ?'1 ?a 8 °f a totally different ei ipken* r^_ together. Some cats kill he one in queetion takes ^tch> lntere*t in them. ^Vi^icert orkfih,? fr°m Waterglase-preserved thaf t 03 a not i correspondent asks me if chict inserted by various papers ^ea n^ g hatched from an egg hr.^Pd £ in waterglasa for some "euf? i« r. it at the advantage of it. Of lrt«-in ib but thought nothing of it. i'^servo.S0 advantage in risking the 5° fw°Ocji^.vaila hi eggs when plenty of fresh le" .Kesides. it is not srach a I „° knn^ft was set off to be, and a,} eirir the real virtues of water- I lts £ Preservative would be mir- < U^e I,of thl '?ncy in this respect. As to i a^&ei-in^tement, it may be to indi- Si?- !Lty of the waterglass Bold if o' 'he note in question over all WUn. ?* °'1 may eay briefly it iB-well, ^*le Geraniums in Winter.—W. h i ll,e ii^ted «not- 8ay whether they are in ?.youi> w in the ground. If in pots H.W- fn^^r in ^ndow, exiwse them well to ifintc autumn, to make them S St Q>, Cd J Keep tliem fully in the ^oreiv ? llot Pive much .water qt t II.<! hnMep the soil moiet. They ).f% titv."6 troVi. y, ae ordinary geraniums, ^S- like these in winter and I i»^ 6 A they are planted out in the i kSd^ rat^6Dteri?Kld lift them about the j tbp^er and put them in pots. out-Af1? soil, and after potting i tiUlhou1 ocC!,5-d«>rs. hut take them m i tb t«r as 6o not put them in over- it e*h A Tham, are not an advantage Q°t«s Ks for your high appreciation r ",te rQeoJ1g Fox Terrier.—"Constance."— ^bj-i Eihl^Cie T5 too often. Twice a day W 5 isi'iv ea<i and milk or oatmeal are Very suitable foods for 1fn^ria+t P-^PPy meal or biscuits are vO 6V 8 in +i, 0U Coul<i let it have the i V Vw, »ilt(1iG? t!6 morning, and the latter K?fcSW ? raw SHre the dish is clean. V^NHPS ^eat, and only a little boiled a* r bp s°me gravy and vegetables, acceptable. Brush and V& ^ill tQtly- The exercise it has in frw,e helpful, but take it out in i ia l a little while daily if you I i, 8?1 tv^othing like open-air exercise I and keep them in health. H t t°Ti ^1,?as to treat it well, I have i Ilu ^ov +lli .soon find it a nice cota- terriers are well adapted as Plants.—"Slaithwaite."—The your various q tlta 1p. They are email, but great ih t\,4t lnde:crd soon make the foliage un- JrJ6u e t&ker.' no plant will thrive that tK^B^iu2°t iw Possession of. Over-dryness «L«eI: so i?reaiIy in favour of their rePlv t ar, very dry atmosphere. h) WLt L- Hepworth, and use thP?iure I recommend him to the foliage well, lH>tf. deal under the leaves. Any CaiKf « buct2tJ can handle should be «!(, ^fteen containing the mixture, ti^t^" Q/1 minutes swill them in clean nde the. shoots, too, which you nntW-tlx the syringe may be tv?hg}njut in a bucket to saturate u« the leaves, too, is often W."—The little poult tWtvfc ? P weakly bird, and mtist J}M L V t^r°Qi hatched. It has been uiJ'tifj tec, diatrhGia, brought on. no < tL°l]d ? excessive wet. Turkeys a,t srJte under cover when it 5n?6H 18 very wet. Tlieir food oit°0d With Aefly of hard-boiled egg h 118ual liberal supply of ly lettuce and dandelion. R1d n^id be fed mainly on rice lKVeH^. rer vrs powdered chalk. Give i»6 t>. 11 see any indication of £1!<t(1;:tba.lI ,• green food be dry when Hu "otti8 hot 111 0,1 freah ground where wVie.Yery long. Try them bv a V^ they can get on to a dry b*?? iBttS-^hp rGoats- &c- in Java—I l^vG °t oter you miy you enclosc kit n rpn^- to seild you some boo! fthS a°esa -a W \e(1- it was not ineide.. lia 1"O'hjtt Will uys' but it has not com ¥V\,fo*°U sil spent as you de»ii 5,tlSft.I'bp 1 Pr0fW i there seems to be a got IkU t^^owioJ1 ie iiVe stock-keeping «c1hi^ve a y°U o J"0" have acquired w °r« iden being on the spot. y« h tha markets. Hearsoi S^v*^ Ami,,™081 reliable everywhai jt X t^rabie f'can ones are too flimt a° tbaf ^ook efficiency. I ha J5> tsili e in America as tn 8vatemont year from twelve hei t, and requires a deal ■( V, would be beneficial Si are ueeful guides:—"Gop1- &~A** keeping for Amateurs." price Is.; "Profitable I Rabbit Farming," price Is.; "Pigeon-keeping for Amateurs," price 2s. 6d.; "Poultry for Prizes and Profit," price 2s. 6d. All obtainable at 170, Strand, London, W.C.
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RURAL JOTTINGS. VALUABLE HINTS AND INFORMA- TION. BOOTING ROSES BY LAYERING. There is a much greater deeir;to propagate and increase some plants than others. The rose is one which all desire to try their hand at increasing by budding, cuttings, and other ways, but one of the easiest and surest methods of rooting is by layering. It ia not often practised, and is too much omitted by both advisers and operators. Shoota of all ages may be dealt with, and all that can be brought in contact with the soil are avail- able. Those who have layered carnations and other plants would find that roses submit to the same treatment, and root as freely as any of them. Wherever a branch can be placed, dig over a spot, place a little sand or grit in the soil, and then treat the rihoot. Bend it down, and wherever it comes in con- tact with the soil, consistent with having a promising part to form a head, fix it, but before doing so cut the stem about half-way through, then turn the knife upwards and slip it up the centre for two inches or so. This should be done on the bottom of the. shoot or the part that rests on the ground. The cut and elit will leave a little tongue. Put a small stone in to keep it open, then push it on the prepared part, and fix it there with a. strong peg. Get some more sandy soil, and make a. little mound of it round the stem. Let the latter stand up, as if it were a plant, and, if necessary, stake and tie it in that position. Now is a good time to do this work, and before the autumn a good many shoots will be formed. In the winter- time the soil can be removed, the rooted plants detached and planted on their own account. No doubt, many will try this plan. All may succeed, and much gratification will be afforded. Shoots on standard roses cannot be layered, but dwarf bushes are readily got at. The lower shoots of climbing roøes, too, may be bent down to the ground and rooted. There is no limit to the number of layers. but a whole plant should not be utilised. FACILITATING THE FILLING OF PEA PODS IN WET WEATHER. The weather has the advantage of all of us. I may write to-day in a pouring rain of ways to counteract unprofitable influences, and by the end' of the week, when these notes are being read, it may be dry and bright, with no apparent call for a reference to it. But wet and dry weather are so much mingled and associated that if directions as to how to contend with one or the other are not needed to-day they may very soon, and it is well to be prepared. I am now hearing of many disappointments in early peas. It ia said they have grown capitally, flowered moderately, but are terribly slow and disap- pointing in filling their pods. This is a general complaint and experience, and the hindrance is the wet weather and absence of sunshine. It is difficult to counteract exces- sive rain and a shaded sky, but assistance can sometimes be given, and to greatly help the filling of pea pod and broad beans nip the end out of every stem or straw to stop further growth, which runs away with the pea-forming materials. This will hasten their filling considerably. REGULATING FRUIT CROPS. It is understood to be an advantage to those who sell fruit to sort or sioo it before putting it in the market. It may be put in two samples—inferior and superior, or first, second, and thirds. The best will always bring a good and remunerative price, but the worst is often of little value, and it is doubtful if there is the slighteet pay attached to the production of such. If only the superior were producetl it would be more satisfactory for both seller and buyer, but to do this may seem like an impossibility to many. Yet it is not so, and it would be accomplished to a great extent were more attention given to regulating the crops by removing the inferior fruit as soon aa it could be handled, and not allowing the trees to bear excessively. The inferior fruits would then be non-existing, and the materials utilised by them when left on to mature would be diverted! to the beat, which would become more superior than before, and be altogether profitable. I know an extensive grower of apples, pears, and plums for Covent Garden Market who follows this system strictly. None of hia numerous trees are eo tall that the branches cannot be reached to remove surplus fruit. All are trimmed when the crops formed are in the least excessive, and the result is splendid specuneM, which require no sorting or weed- ing out before sending to market. They are so good as to be sold by the dozen or acore, not at one penny or so per pound, but at one, two, and three pennies each. The case in question is the most satisfactory one of fruit growing I know of, and suggestive of what regulating the crops secures. In great orchards and on big orchard trees it would be difficult to thin the fruit, but very many amateurs have just the stamp of trees that could be srdgulated conveniently, and the fine fruit they would secure by it would please them more and pay them better than crowds of inferior fruit. In refined gardens, where quality is more valued than quantity, the fruit is thinned as carefully as jyossible, and when matured the specimens are always fine in size, beautiful in colour, and exquisite in flavour. Some think that by thinning the crop the yield is reduced. It may be in num- bera, but not in quality, and rarely in weight, as one good specimen will weigh as much as half a dozen inferior ones. In short, wherever high-class fruit is wanted, thinning must be resorted to, and nothing should be allowed to'hinder this. There may be trees with no fruit on them, and others crowdcd. Some, will conclude that the latter will compensate! for the former, and leave all on, and in the end one-quarter or, maybe, half of the fruit will be so small as to be of little use; while by thinning every one would be most accept* able. Now is the time when all can be thinned1 to advantage. Leave none in clusters, but singly. Remove all showing any signa of deformity. Give preference to those fruits which are on the most favourable positions, as those shaded in the middle of the branches will never become so perfect aa others more exposed to sunshine and air. SOFT FOOD VERSUS CORN FOR CHICKENS. There is often a question as to which is the best food for ohickens—meal made into soft food or corn. The latter is always the most convenient to give, and is often used on this account. Good wheat, barley, and oata are all sound, healthy foods, and the chickens, as a. rule, remain healthy on such diet, but it has been proved that to secure good or extra size soft meal foods are the best. Fowls for the table will be produced quicker and in superior condition to those! reared on corn only, and fowls for this pur- pose should be fed mainly on soft food, but it is beneficial to all chickens to receive some whole corn, especially if being reared as layers or for stock. When fed constantly on soft food it is apt to decrease their appetites, while corn gives it, tone. I would, therefore, say where siae and being' quiokly made ifeady for the table are the objects, adhere princi- pally to soft food, but for intended layers corn may be given. I also approve of the kind of food being ttjgulated according to the weatiher. In periods of wet oorn is better than soft food, and then it may be the chief food for all. Chickens being reared in con- fined runs require a greater variety of food than those at liberty, as the latter pick up much that gives variety. Green food, raw and boiled vegetables, too, may be ineluded as soft food, and in wet weather the supply of these should be decreased, but never wholly, as that might produce other troubles. CHICKENS AT THE ROYAL SHOW. The Royal Agricultural Society is to be congratulated on giving liberal prizes and many classes for fowls at its show. It was not always thus, as fowls were omitted, or —should I say ?—neglected for years. Now the society has, no doubt, found out that the fowls pay in the great number of entries, while it is equally evident that the public appreciate them. Exhibitors, too, have found out that gaining prised at the Royal is a valuable recommendation to their stock, and, consequently, many of the best birds in the country are Bhbwti. The classes for old birds of 1902 were well filled, but special interest centred in the cockerels and pullets bred this year. These give one an indication of what may be expected later on, and they ware a. remarkably fine lot. The young classes were well filled. The specimens were remarkably forward, some, indeed, being quite three- parts grown. Individuals may have had bad luck with their early chickens, but, a sifeen here from all parts of the country, the chickens of 1903 are fully up to the average of more favourable seasons. PEACHES ON OPEN WALLS. The shoots should be closely tied in. Do not let them crowd on, each other. Remove any altogether that are very close together. I Take all the leaves off that are in front of the fruit or shading them from the sun. This will improve their size and brighten their colour. In the evenings of bright, warm days pray them all over with clean water. There s to equal this in ma-king the fruit v "ge and keeping the foliage clean and 'l. 'f TOES IN POTS AT PARK ROYAL. first show of the Royal Agricultural heli on the e new Bite, which greatly in neea f a liberal and introduction of trees, was con- u8 for the rare excellence of i '-fcock, and although horticulture was )resented, excepting on the eeedamen's i the tomatoes there were splendid tes of successful pot culture. It would ? possible to imagine more healthy or better fruited specimens than those on Messrs. Webb's superb stand, as here the crowds who inspected them saw the wonderful results obtained from the system I am always advo- cating of growing them with one or not more than two stems. Each plant was furnished with two, some four or five feet in height, and from the pot to the top the fruit hung in huge clusters. I know many have found the advantage of the one or two stem system, but such a fine exhibition of the plants in actual growth and fruit musrt. convince all of the superiority of this style. TREES IN PARK ROYAL. There was a great scarcity of trees in the show ground at Park Royal. They are much needed to impart ornamentation and afford shade, which is always ao much enjoyed wherever crowds meet in the summer time. It is to be hoped their introduction will be carried out largely in the near future. Royalty have set a fine example in this respect. On the opening day an oak waa planted by hia Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and on the second day a like com- mendable act was performed by his Majesty the King. I saw them both planted. They had been planted in boxes in the winter-time, and were transferred from there to the earth in planting, a very sure way of their growing. They were well furnished trees about nine feet high. Around the boundary fence of the Royal pavilion some trees in tubs were dotted here and there, and gave a little pleasing indication of how greatly trees add to the improvement in the appearance of buildings when associated with them. They impart a grace and beauty which no artificial decora- VL tion, however elastic, can furnish. Many of the trees were sweet bays on sterner from three to five feet high, surmounted with bushy heads of dark green leaves. These are very pleasing and well adapted to place amongst formal subjects, but what is wanted at Park Royal is plenty of quick-growing, tall, wide-, spreading trees. So long as these are want- ing the word "Park" can hardly be appro- priately applied to the place. HOW POTATOES GROW UNDER GROUND. On Messrs. Sutton's stand at the Royal Show there were several boxes, about one yard in length and one foot in width, with a depth of 9m. or 10in., planted with potatoes. The board forming one side of the box had been removed and a sheet of glass put in. A little of the soil was removed, and displayed the tubers attached to the stems, and in an actual state of growth in the soil. The crops were very good, tubers abundant, and this system of growing them is worth adopting, ab each box will furnish a good dish of pota- toes. They could easily be accommodated in glass houses or frames, and secured very early. It was noticeable that the boxes were well-drained, and this, no doubt, added much to the health of the plants, as potatoes can- not be grown successfully under any system in damp, undrained soil. I looked upon this exhibit as very suggestive of how old boxes and odd comers could be profitably utilised. YOUNG WALLFLOWER PLANTS. Those raised from seed will now be several inches high, and most likely very crowded. If left like this the plants will be drawn up with long, bare stems and a tuft of leaves on the top. This is an unsightly, worthless type of plant. A dwarf, bushy one is the best both in leaf and flower, and these may be secured by thinning the plants well out and transplanting them 3in. or 4in. apart. Do this now and they will be in excellent form for placing in their flowering quarters in the autumn. DWARFING CHRYSANTHEMUMS. There are two favourite forms of growing chrysanthemums. One to let the plant run up with not mere than two or three etemb, when they may attain a height of 6ft. or more. This btamp produces the largest blooms, and is generally adopted by growers for exhibition; but it is not a desirable way to secure useful furnished plants, as the blooms, being so high up, are not seen to advantage, and the plants, being so leggy, require a high house. The form of plant best adapted for the amateur's rooms or green- house is a dwarf bush from 2ft. to 3ft. high and as much through and furnished with many branches, which all flower. The blooms on these will not be so large as on the giants, but the effect will be much more pleasing, All the chrysanthemums are disposed to run up high with one or two stems only. and the way to dwarf them is to cut them down and induce side shoots to form. The cutting down may be done at once. The tops ma.y be removed to a distance of 6in. or 8m. from the pot. If the head is luxuriant the plant will have a spoiled appearance when cut, but it will soon get over that, and young shoots will be sent out from every bud on the stem. These may be from ten to twenty in number, and sufficient to form a nice bushy plant, which will give a great display of flower. It is plants of this kind that are shown in groups and as specimens, and they are useful for all purposes. BULBS THAT HAVE MATURED. Hyacinths, tulips, and other bulbs which are in the open ground have now ripened and the foliage decayed. I had many inquiries about these earlier, and all who wish to dig them up may now do so. This may b* with the object of planting them in other positions in the autumn, or it may be to get the soil in which they now are manured alnd dug to increase their growth again. But there may be some that are quite at home and not in the way, and these should be left undis- turbed to come up again. Those which are lifted should be dug up, the soil removed from the roots, then lay them out in the sun for a week or so. After that put them under cover in an airy place to dry thoroughly, and then store in a dry, cool place. If there are any little side bulbs, these can be removed and kept by themselves, and in the early spring next year plant them in rich, sandy soil to increase their size. Many fine bulbs may be secured in this way. CIDER AND PERRY AT THE ROYAL.— MORE FRUIT WANTED. Advocates of fruit-growing and all who are interested in furthering the consumption of cider and perry must be greatly gratified at the prominence the Royal Agricultural Society give to these. It is only three or four years ago since they introduced classes for them at their shows, and this has been the means of increasing the interest both of manufacturers and consumers to a very great extent. This year there was an increase of entries, and the section was plentifully patronised. Last year there was a talk of apples and pears being deficient for manufac- turing, but there was no indication of this here, and the quality of both liquids was admitted to be of the usual high standard. As horses, sheep, cattle, and pigs were the subjects of conversation in their various departments, cider and perry were so in theirs, and while manufacturers admit that apple and pear culture is extending splen- didly, they regret that the varieties specially adapted for cider and perry making are being omitted by planters. They know there is a great demand for table fruit, which sells at the highest price, but the demand for cider and perry has increased so enormously of recent years that the proper clasbes of fruit to produce them are deficient, and with the up-to-date increased demand this wiil be more and more so. It is, therefore, urgently requested that those who have fields at their disposal should plant cider and ptrty fruits largely, as there is every prospect of their being in greater demand and more remunerative than culinary fruit. I fully approve of this, and will revert to the subject again when the planting seasott arrives.
... CARDIFF COLLEGE. -
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CARDIFF COLLEGE. PROPOSED AFFILIATION WITH CAMBRIDGE. It was reported at a recent meeting of the council of the South Wales and Monmouth- shire University College that the senate had submitted the following suggestions to the t TrHvMv»it,v of Cambridsre:- i- That the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, Cardiff, be admitted to the privileges of a college affiliated to the University of Cambridge. n. That any student of the college be entitled to be admitted to the privileges of affiliation who, after reaching the are of sixteen years, has duly attended coursed of instruction in the college for a period of not less than three years and (a) has passed the intermediate or ordinary examinations of the University of Wales in four subjects, includ- ing (i) Latin, (2) a language not being English or Welsh, (3) pure mathematics or physics, or (b) (1) has patwed the intermediate examina- tion. in science of the University of London or (2) passed in four of the following subjects in the intermediate examination of the University of Wales, namely, mathematics, physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, pro- vided that in the latter caaes they have passed in Latin and in some other language not being English or Welsh, In the matriculation examination of the University of London or of the University of Wales. We understand that a reply had now been received from the Cambridge University approving the suggestions for affiliation, with the exception that it cannot recognise the matriculation examination of the University of Wales.
NEWPORT CHILD'S DEATH.!
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NEWPORT CHILD'S DEATH. At an inquest held at Newport on Saturday on John Etniyn Albert Corcoran, a five-year- old child, of HeWertson-atreet, who was sus- pected to have died of sunstroke on Thursday. Dr. Owen Morgan said he did not think that the child had sunstroke, as the day was not warm enough. There was a slight bruise on the right temple, which, he wad told. was caused by the handle of a door, but this would not account for death. Witness was of opinion that the child had died of epilepsy. It was also pointed out that the mother suffered from epileptic fits, and a verdict in accordance with the medical evidence was returned.