Weekly Mail

1" J. Mute (Huntley, Gloucestershire.) answers TO CORRESPONDENTS. Di e of Apple.—Wiske."—Wormsley Pip- a good variety. C?ep^lG8Tof Apples —B. Teall.—No. 1, Itiiwuo 11No. 2, Egremot Russet. of Apples.—T. Piele.—No. 1, Ecmin- eedlills: No. 4- Dutch Mignonne; No. a, eQstein; No. 6, Eymer. Gi-?5^.C!i1S Press Fern Fronds to Have a fcressr Appearance.—"M. S." writes:—"Re fern fronds.—A little time ago 1 v.r^' many into a most graceful form by larsr n= the paper enclosing them round a bead Jar. They are stiff-looking unless they x, somewhat." ealr. of Pear and Plants.J. S. B."— Octn); Beurre Superfine, an excellent early of 0 ,e EOrt. Plants: They are all varieties of th IS a very extensive class, and many fOlia. ellJ. resembling each other so much in the Vco, as be diihcult to tdentify unless o Dnnied with a flower. No. 1. O. cernua; ■JJ ,0. caprina; Xo. 3, O. maritina. f in|gaVes of Aspidistra Plant Withering at of oii-illy.-The drainage at the bottom Dot is almost sure to be out of order. Mitijp1? a very general cause of the leaves ^Sch n= i*1 Part- or wholly There is too ftr.d ^'ater given, which cannot drain away, Uii;] the soil becomes stagnant—a most Drc.e state. Please see remarks in tii]., 'V- issue about worms in pots and put- Plants right at the root. ""I a'electi on of Twelve Eoses.—"Laburnum, fttid ?.Vlse you to plant six hybrid perpetuaid ti0ll 8lX tea varieties as being the best selec- l)lQr. to afford you a constant succession of The following would suit you: — Coi,J//c' pcrpeiuals: Abel Carrier, Alfred I? T?1, • Charles Lefebvre, Duke of Edinburgh, ^ariotlance' an^ Mrs. John Laing. Tea, &«., Jtani es: Catherine Merruet, Madame Hoste, I ^llpn S. Cochet, Mrs- W. J. Grant, William i -Richardson, and W. F. Bennett. es ?f Apples—"H. W.No. 1. Pott's 9 -d 'in September and October); )w. Ravelston Pippin (August and Septem- 0ct No. 3. Kerry Pippin (September and 8rtap/?er); No. 4, Beauty of Hants, a poor £ j0 'men (November to February); No. 5, er of Kent (October and November). The rVarietiea should be gathered when the Ilttl begins to drop off the trees. There ia difficulty in telling when they are ready, thfmi i e ones- which may still be green, de taken in during the forepart of k er. es of Climbers.—"Eastfield."—(a) qtl require to see a flower of this to he svj,Le sure of its name. Please send one Iw11 available. (h) Clematis montana, J.I^^Pretiy white anemone-like flowers from ^oir 10 Ju!y- 'c* A variety of honeysuckle, »«*ra fleuxosa; this flowers in the fore- °f summer, (d) The ordinary "Virginian A'Tipelopsia hedoracea. This pro fiotj-f very small flower, which is hardly HU-eaole- If is quick-growing, and drapes 1:t11 gracefully. When fully exposed to the 1a.ret8. oliage assumes exceedingly bright 1) tints before falling off in the autumn. Wings Wrong.—"Anxious One."—The °f ge&se and ducks are sometimes dis- to be disarranged, and the feathers as if the wing was upside down, but, .V^e, this is only a temporary position, "ink y xery 800n right themselves, and I catc}, ^ou will find yours do this. If not, the birds, and if the wings are twisted Jsht6 joints turn them carefuliy round the ^irenf^ay. arid smooth them down in that ^or a ^ttle while. Do this daily for fJtily ^ays. If the wings are hot twisted, but f.ew °f the feathers arranged in the direction, pull all such out, and the eathers are almost sure to grow the J a^- ^n^^onello Pear Tree, <t-c.—"Novice" (Skip- cannot do better than adopt the t hiob s,ave to a correspondent recently, and ree tv,you. refcr to, in dealing with the pear is split in the bark. If the tree is tjlii] a great deal of wood, you should Vell >! ou*;> as the Jargonelle requires; to be 2o u0).Pened in the buda to bear freely. You tehS:?y whether it is on a wall or a bush. Jinfertf-0le of your trees seem to be in a very t? s^a<lC- Prune them rather freely e88in wood is crowded, and give them u ?ncl °f good manure on the surface now Ila Itile spring before they come into ^Pplei,"1 *B remove the curl from the ^r°Wth ee ^eilTes hy giving it a more vigorous "Th3 of Roe, Pears, and Apl)les.E. A. a of rose is Souvenir de la Malmasou, ,iid. vcry best to bloom in late autumn, lh'tfTrar. you know, with a delightful Jf<jiv4',4Pe* „ Apple No. 1, a splendid fruit of ;esr "v' Peartnain; No. 2, Court of Wick. i^e t 1: The two fruita from the same hgg this are very dissimilar, but the one een deformed from the first, which is pUlUa for their appearance; the variety I) 0rnte do Lamy. No. 2, Flemish Beauty; «<w 3- Beurre Lucratife. Your pears are }\v?e\vhat undersized, and the tree from which "Iw^nt No. 1 is not. quite healthy. Yon put a layer of good manure round the eacl^of them in Ncveinber. and again ^as vhis would assist greatly in swell- ru^t and making it of better quality. j>^r°wing Flowering Shrubs..—T. F."— .-Cifi.^der haB very wisely and commendably •-lajj 3 that the domestic laundry operations &;irr, hot interfere with the beauty of liia V.Z\y as he wishes to plant eix low-growing shrubs that will. grow and bloom by the frequent occunanla of the Vfjljaes' rope. The number of shrubs that 'ilnr n0j cxce^d two feet and continue to t'r)f)rnu YC:r after year is not very nume- \j8. hat a judicious pruning every r help to keep them in the desired 'jr ei'i following are the most suitable Jjv RrJ!5hl1a PositionAzalea Mollis, not quick 4fie a lovely flower; Daphne cenorum, jUdor-7 sl5ring, deiiciously scented; Genista ill a kind of gorse, but a most beauti- i^^Url=s+Ter' bright yellow and rich crimson; !eth>'iT1U9, Viburnum oplua manus, and -j> ra Alnifolia. ^hote,, and Treatment of Apple.—"Creat V ,'n7~^r°ur .apples are very good samples ■h d'l Admirable, a useful kitchen apple. cJ,Jite right to spread a quantity ot .round the stem last spring. You ^ril rr0 so asain now, and renew it in tV Tlie roots had evidently been starved, v e the feeding- you gave them by applying accounts for the great improve- v^'cy 'n the fruit. The manure should be and rich. The lime you put about j^ee' 'assist in decreasing insects, but the ^Vea u'd he sprayed in winter when the Is f0? off- antI a&a'11 ae soon as the fruit •'■*tei.r*hed with a mixture of paraffin anu '1 -ta-^two wineglassfuls to a gallon of water *hefi ntL>r and one wineglassful per gallon fte j the leaves are on. This would destroy 'H tJhsect8 and cause the fruit to he clean < j, e skin. Self-clinging Virginian Creeper.— 'to \fier."—There are several varieties of V'r ginian creeper. Some cling to what- hey can attach themselves to, others ig 10 he tied up. The one you sends leaves self-clinger; it is nam?d Ampelopsis 11 }v ?• It is one of the best, as it is so neat -i,d assumes beautiful tints in the f hp?" There are two others which cline— ;fH-}vln>a9racea muralis and A. roylii. The '%$c '"he better of tb.e two. None of them ;he p'n in ihe wood in the winter time, but drop from them all, when the 'ice tendrils give the walls the appear- rcovered with network. Any ryman will supply these plants. They 0 r,lanted flbm now till the end of lav' Gire them a rather gritty, deep soil. Corn as a Vegetable; Watering ?fj^i Gms- B."—The head of Indian t,^ou send is very well grown. It is just ,stage when it may he cooked. You lo«ul have done so earlier when it was more i, and green, but you can cook it still. the corns off the hea-!s, put them in a &<lrt Pan- and boil them wvil. then dish and j)nttletted butter when f-ut on the table. 8 a sweet, agreeable flavour, and is a <Vj Acceptable vegetable. Fuchsiaa do not re any water in winter. They should he Quite dry from November till March. A ^ihi^ room is not a good place for them in They should he kept in a cool our.- froale,. wbcre they can rest, but do not let i-im ttijure them. Geraniums and other jn8 require water about twice a week or fJlff. filter, but It depends on the tempera- ^he room m which they are kept, ff'jjv, S"lve them enough of water to keep them 1Q()l'e filing, as they will ramain much T 11 healthy then than if kept very wet. *s1rn la PJants; hraall Leaves on Aepx- I'it). Plant.—"Sybil. —It is a common habit vCoiv aralia! to '"a,<c Jong stems, which iWo hare at the bottom as they Rrow up. rt 0n are hardly ever two years' leaves on it '<* iti (?e- although it is an evergreen. This INst Ila and, as it cannot be altered, you f t r.(, the plapl to suit it. The only way tr, ning the )) nt dwarf and furnished '*• down annually to about six inches Hq pot and let it form a new head. a1) time to do this is in March or early 5h,ervIT)l. and if the plant is well treated vetU-iiart'3 boou grow and he orna- t!|e greater part of the summer and tk le« The soil in your aspidistra pot will tiiis Rs r'ch now than it was last year, and t> lav ConntB f°r the leaves failing to grow (Mv, £ e and handsome as formerly. You 8 -ir r- c^° anything at present to increase j-^thn as the growing season is over, but time you should give the plant liquid r-'s when it is forming the new leaves. iJ-ngR ay be made from cow or horse drop- U,lri a little soot. This liquid may be h Wnt'e a week in the growing season; n 't th 18 Vf,rv full of roots, you should re- e Plant next March. LTh^^ent of Vine in Pot, &c.—J. T. Davies. ,ack Hamburg vine you have in a n.^ot' and which has grown so well in Ve cin^611?101186, ought to be moved out into la0<kl. eg,air at once to assist in ripening the fn« of sunshine and air are neces- t>i^. If you can tie the vine to a K s0 X 18 exposed to the eun all day long, n eP the roots moist, but not satu- i?W" may be left oat till February. e it comes severe frost put Pot8 + w or other covering ovei it j save the roots, or you could ii,Qri".er protection altogeth. for the the frost remained. The object of *? it out is to give it a thorough *eet, top r> Ought not have in the higher tempe- your greenhouse. The vine would at with you and bear most fruit Mai.euP^ante(^ out in a good bed of soil \jj8e. • an<^ trained up the inside of the to nes are n°t very lasting when con- bk*t :Pots, and do not bear much good ir the second year, whereas a vine 3 wSi a bed or border and properly ■tfon,! bear folly for very many years. ^•ojiger will supply you with, ft he ate ing stove. Flowers: No. 1, Eascalonia rubra; No. 2, Louicera lartarica. Names of Pear and Plum.-C. Lunn.-Tlie pear is a very indifferent fruit of Sterkman's Beurre. The age of the tree is against the fruit attaining' the size secured from younger trees. No doubt, the artificial manure that came in contact with the roots induced more vigour, brt you might improve it further in this way by forking over the soil round the stem and for a distance of three feet out from it. and spread a layer of cow manure on. This you should do now and again in spring. As the tree is so till and inconvenient to gather the fruit, you could cut off the ends of the highest branches and reduce them five or six feet. You should also manure the Jargonelle, and give it abundance of water at the root at the time the buds begin to swell and when in flower. Your mode of pro- tecting the blossom is beneficial. The plum is Coe's Golden Drop, a first-rate variety. It is usually a free bearer, and I cannot give you better advice than to treat it by feeding as I recommend for the pear. You should also water it freely when in bloom and while the fruit is young. Liquid manure would benefit it then, and induce it to grow more smooth. If the weather is cold at the time the fruit is newly formed, hang an old lin. fishing net over it, as it is when the fruit is small and in a tender stage that deformities originate. Planting Fruit Trees; Strawberries; Lawn in Bad Order, Ac.—"Novice."—The position shown on sketch is quite suitable for fruit trees. You should plant dwarf bush trees about nine feet apart. Dig a hole for each. Turn the soil up to a depth of two feet, and add some horse or cow manure. You should plant in November. The following are varieties which would suit your district:- Cooking: Duchess of Oldenburg, Celini, Ecklinville Seedling, Warner's King, Bramley's Seedling. Dessert: Mr. Gladstone, Worcester Pearmain, Margil. and Scarlet Nonpareil. Plums: Early Rivers, Greengage, Victoria, and Coe's Golden Drop. Pears: Williams' Bon Chretien. Louise Bonne of Jersey, Glout Mor- ceau, and Winter Nellis. The strawberries would have been better planted by themselves, as the shade of the raspberries will be against the fruit ripening freely or attaining a fine colour. You should cut every one of the little side-plants off at once, and confine them TO the one centre plant. They rarely do very much the first year, but should be productive next year. Where there are dents in your lawn lift the turf and put some soil on to bring it up to the level of the lawn generally, then re-place the turf, and beat it down. You should buy 4011). of basic slag in November, and sow it evenly over the surface. In March give It a dressing all over of short halt- decayed manure. Let this remain on till the end of April, when you should remove any that is left, and mow it. weekly afterwards. You will then have a first-rate lawn. WORMR IN FLOWER POTS. The other day some correspondents were writing of worms being objectionable on their lawns, and if it were only understood I believe many would also complain of the injury they do to plants in pots. I do not refer to grubs or pests that eat the roots, but to the ordinary earth worms which work in the soil. This they are apt to do at all times, as they are often introduced to the pots with the soil that is used in potting, and they rarely leave it unless expelled. They also gain a harbour in the pots when these chance to be placed on soil or anything containing worms. They go up through the hole at the bottom. In the season when plants are grow- ing fast and are robust these worms often fail to make any injurious impression, but in the winter, when the plant is at a standstill and ready to fall into bad health, the worms a.re exceedingly apt to turn the balance that way. The mischief thay do is to work through the soil and reduce it to a fine state, when it falls down amongst the drainage at the bottom, and this causes a stagnant or swampy soil in the pot. The roots, being inactive, soon begin to decay, and the leaves become yellow and fall off. No doubt, very many of my readers have experienced all this, as well an the worry and disappointment of having their favourite plants go wrong, and probably they had little idea of the cause. I hope this note will be helpful to many at the present time, as it is now worms should be looked for and destroyed, before the plants become sickly. When worms are in a pot they often come to the surface and throw up a little mound of soil. like those on the lawns. This is one way they indicate their presence in the pot. If the pot is knocked sharply on the side with the knuckles or a bit of stick the worms generally hurry to the surface in alarm, when they may be picked up and destroyed. The most trustworthy way, how- ever, of finding out whether they are there or not is to turn each plant carefully out of the pot. Turn the plant upside down on the left hand. and with the right lift the pot off. It will then be seen if there are any worm runs round tho sides of the ball of soil. If not, there will be no worms in the pot. The drainage must also bo looked to. If it is free from soil and in the same rubbly state as when put there when the plant was potted, slip the pot over the ball of soil again, and turn the plant into its proper position. It is all right. If, however, the drainage is full of soil, ten chances to one the worms have put it there, and you should rectify it at once. Get one person to hold the plant while another takes off the drainage. Run the pot clean and dry inside, and then arrange the drainage in it as before, and turn the ball of soil and roots carefully bad, into it. If possible, do not. break the ball of roots or disturb the soil, as this would check the plant at a season when it would not readily recover. Ram the soil down firmly on the top. This is important. Worms may be caught and thrown out in these opera- tions. but there may still be others in the interior of the soil. These must be destroyed. This should be done with liquid. Lime-water would do it, but it does not suit ail kinds of plants. Soot-watcs the best. Fill a large bucket of water. and allow a qunrt of soot to each gallon. Put the soot in a small bag. Place a brick or stone in the bag to sink the soot in the water; if not, it will float and be a long time in becoming clarified, but if kept under water it will somn be a liquid, when it should be stirred up and the pots containing worms placed in it up to the rim, or a little over it. Let them remain there for two or three hours. The soot will kill every worn: and grub, make the soil distasteful to others. and it will also act as a tonic or fertiliser to the plant. PLANTING VIOLETS TN FRAMES. Violets may often be induced to flower in late autumn as well as early spring if given the protection of a frame and glass lights. The plants are put in as runnc,r3 in April or May in the open ground, and they become large before the autumn. The best are those with a single crown that is well developed and fully matured by the end of September. Such plants can be induced to bloom almost at any time when given the necessary protection, and all who have some well-grown violet plants and a vacant frame or two should plant the violets in them at once. Place enough of stable manure in the frame to fill it up to within one foot from the top. Over this put soil to the depth of six or eight inches. A little well-decayed manure should be mixed with it, and also some sand, but the soil should consist of lumpy loam. if possible, as the roots will take possession of such and the plants thrive well in it. When the frame is ready lift the violets plants, with sonic soil attached to .the roota. and plant them in the frame at a distance of about eight or ten inches from each other. Make the soil very firm round them. Do not put the lights on till frost occurs, but from November onwarda it is best to cover them with the glass at night, and give them plenty of air on fine days, as the plants do not agree with confine- ment. Aa the buds appear keep the lights more close, and the result will be a most valuable lot of violets, as pretty and sweet as in summer, at a time when all will be espe- cially delighted with them. Plants for spring flowering should also be put in frames now, but keep the lights off till after the New Year. I know of several amateurs who take great delight in growing violete. They have flowers from them in nearly every month of the year, and they are most particular in seeing that the plants are put in the frames now, for both the early winter and spring flowering. If the stable manure put into the frame ferments a little, it will be all the better, as this induces the plants to grow and forces the flower buds to make stems, and then open. As a liquid manure for the plants when growth is proceeding nothing is better than cow droppings and soot water. TIIINNINGWINTER VEGETABLES. All vegetables that have to stand the winter should havo plenty of space between the plants. Although the season of growth is now past for many things, young winter vege- tables, such as turnips, spinach. lettuce, radish, &c., will make a great amount of leaves now. These will be soft and disposed to crowd Otl and shade each other. Some think this an indication of health and a good promise of a fine return, but when frost and severe weather come the large leaves very quickly shrink. They are too soft to bea" such a trial, while crops with, much smaller leaves and less crowded pass through the frost without receiving much injury. It is much better to have such than the more luxuriant plants, and a good way of getting the plants hardy is to avoid crowding, and let each attind no far apart that not one shades the other. See to this at once, as the longer they are left crowded the leBfiI their chances will be of withstanding the winter. It may be that every other plant has'to be taken out, and some will grudge to do this, but I feel sure they will benefit by it in the end. Weeds always progress at this time. I have not the least doubt that some of the young winter crops in certain gardens are at the present moment almost hidden with a crowd of weeds, or these are as numerous and occupy as much space as the crop, and the obstruction of light and air by the weeds is wholly averse to preparing the plants for winter. How could it be otherwise? It must be well enough understood that the shade of the weeds must keep the crops tender, as well as deprive them of much of the food that is in the soil, and it will be an immense relief to the plants and a decided benefit if the weeds are removed at once. The dutch hoe should be run through the surface when the clearing has been done. Hoe when the surface is dry. Where there are dead leaves on savoys, brussels sprouts, broccoli, 4c, tate them, liJl away, and e9JJ:lCt of the larger outside leaves as well if they' are much crowded, as plenty of air and sun- shine will benefit these quite as much as the younger crops. ANEMONE JAPONICA. For the past six weeks or more this plant has been covered with blooms, and there arc still many open and plenty of buds to develop. It is a conspicuous autuma flower, and one of the most useful subjects anyone can grow as a hardy plant. It dies down in winter, but starts into growth in spring, and attains a neig'ht of about three feet, when it begins to starts into growth in spring, and attains a heiz-ht of about three feet, when it begins to flower. It has a bushy, nice habit of growth, and may either be grown in a bed by itself or here and there amongst other plants. There are two varieties of Japonica that are well worth growing. One is Japonica, with bright pink flowers; the other is Japonica alba, with pure white flowers. Botanists have recently changed the name of the latter to the vile one of "Ilonorine Jobert." Why no one but themselves know. The flowers of both are about the size of half a crown, single, and very beautiful in form. They are useful for cutting, too, but do not remain fresh in water so long as some. This anemone has a habit of spreading out its roots and increasing In size in this way, and plants may be multiplied by digging up some from the sides and plant- ing them elsewhere. This should be done in spring. IN FAVOUR OF CEOSS-BEED FOWLS. "A Lancashire Farmer's Wife" writes: "Hardly anyone writes in favour of cross-bred fowls nowadays. A few crosses are recom- mended to produce superior table fowls, but very few care to make table birds their lead- ing production. What we all want is a fowl that is first-rate for the table and an excel- lent layer. According to my experience, ana that of many of my friends, the crosses r?commended as good table fowls do not com- bine a great production of eggs, but the Yerse. No hen which includes much Indian Game or Dorking Blood is a good layer, and both these varieties are chiefly recommended as table fowls. One thing I am certain of- fowls that are produced by these crosses for table will not pay anyone so well as the class which combines ordinarily good table points and a full average return of eggs. This is the stsupp of fowl which all will find most profitable, whether it be of a pure breed or a cross. I am in favour of the latter it well managed, but, unfortunately, cross breeds do not, as a rule, receive the care of pure breeds. Their owners think they are of less value as fowls. Those who own pure breeds are generally careful to retain them pure and introduce fresh blood to keep them up to the standard, but the general way of dealing with cross breeds is to hatch from eggs from all sorts of hens and cocks, irrespec- tive of their laying properties or table merits. Few think of introducing fresh blood amongst their crosses, and the result is that the fowls remain of an inferior description continually. I do not consider that such fowls deserve the name of croes breeds, as they fall far short of producing the returns of those which are carefully selected in the first instance anc.r1 receive all care to maintain the strain. This is what I have been doing for three years past- Previous to that I, like very many more farmers' wives and others, tried several pure breeds, but none of them came up to my anticipations in leading qualities. I then decided to go in for a good cross, and I have never regretted it. My cross is the Barred Plymouth Rock and White Leghorn. Neither the cocks nor the hens are so large as the Rocks, but they are considerably heavier than the Leghorns, and as table fowls they are exceedingly good, as they are not coarse, but large enough to please all who like a nice fowl on the table. As layers they exceed any pure breed I ever kept. It is pretty well known that both the breeds I name are good layers, and the result of a cross does not decrease the supply of egps. I get as many eggs from them as I would get from pure Leghorns. The eggs are larger, and so are the fowls. In the last two points I ga-in greatly. The mixture cf colour gives a com- fortable fowl to look at in the yards and in the fields. The little chicks are very hardy and remarkably easy to rear. They grow fast and come to lay early. I wish you to note, however, that I do not go on crossing amongst the cross-breeds. That, I know, would at once deteriorate my stock, and it is in this so many are careless and the losers. I keep one pen of five Leghorn hens and one Rock cock constantly, and it is from these that all my youngsters are bred every spring. I often rear as many as two hundred. Every cockerel is sold off as soon as it is fit for the table, as there is no need to keep any for breeding, and every pullet is kept for laying for two years, when it is sold. I find a better price is given for them at that age than if three or four years old. In this way, and also in the decrease of eggs, there is no profit in keeping hens to that age; but it is often done." THE MIGRATION OF WILD GEESE. Those who know the habits of wild birds understand that wild geese leave their summer resorts on the approach of winter, and come South to tho marshy lands. The date of their migration varies. The first lot I saw this season was on October 3. I do not recollect seeing them so early before, as it has generally been at the end of October or in November; and some weather prophets would assert that this early date betokened an early winter, but I do not credit any such prognostications. I could hear by their call the drove in question coming. They numbred about thirty. Having a gun at the time, I prepared for a shot in ambush. I fired twice, and I know I struck one. as was indicated by its gradually dropping from their invariably V-formed rank about a dis- tance of twenty yards, but it continued its flight so far as I could see it. The wild goose is a very close-coated bird. It is almost impossible to penetrate the feathers at a further distance than fifty yards with an ordinary gun, unless one is fortunate enough to wing them, when they suddenly fall. THE END OF THE OPEN-AIR TOMATO SEASON. The open-air tomato season is now at an end. If it has been ag successful as is ehown by some photographs received from a cor- respondent this week, and which I remark on eisewhare. grov/ers will have every reason to be satisfied, and I believe they are generally. The many letters I have received lead me to this conclusion. Tomato culture in the open air is a subject I have taken much interest in. and advocated it for years, with. I am pleased to say, gratifying results, as I know its culture has greatly extended of late. The open-air plants give very many the oppor- tunity of securing fruit which, if its growth were confined to glass, they would never be able to attempt. The only complaint 1 have heard of late is that a good many of the fruit have been splitting. This is caused by two agents. The one is grving too much liquid manure at the root, the other is the more moist atmosphere they hava now to be in. The night dews are apt to rest on the fruit until it is quite wet, and this induces splitting, rs it does in the case of some fruit, especially plums. More liquid manure is given to tomatoes at this season than at any previous period, the object being to induce the fruit to swell up as large as pos- sible before the season ends. This extra feed- ing causes them to swell so fast that split- ting follows. If the roots were kept more dry, splitting would be little heard of. It will be noticed that some of the fruit which is nearly ripe has brown spots, on the ekin. This is not the tomato disease which some have experienced earlier, but it is oaused by the damp resting on the fruit, and some of the green fruit also beeomes discoloured in places. These are signs that their further progress must not be expected and the time has arrived when the fruit still on the plants should be saved. Those ripe, or on the point of attaining ripeness, should be gathered for immediate use. Those that are only begin- ning to colour should all be cut and hung up in a cool room to finish maturing. The best of the green ones should also be treated in this way, and the smaller ones may be con- verted into a very acceptable kind of pickle. It will thus be seen that the whole of the fruit may be utilised. Those which ripen when hung up in a dry room will neither be of such a bright, colour nor so juicy and well- flavoured as when they arc gathered quite ripe off the plants, but they will be found quite good to cook, and, as some of them may be kept for two months or more, they will be most useful. The old plants should be drawn up by the roots and conveyed to the rubbish heap. Do not let them rot where they have been growing, as the germs of the disease may be left in the ground from the decayed matter until another year. A cor- respondent asks me if he can lift his plants on which there is still a lot of fruit, and pot them and put them in his greenhouse to mature the fruit and give a winter supply. The plan seems practicable, but it does not work well. I have tried it. but never with any satisfactory result, as the plants soon droop after being potted, and the foliage does not rise or freshen again. It hangs down limp, and then withers, and the fruit on the stems is really worse than that which is cut and put in a dry room. SUCCESSFUL TOMATO GROWING. I have received from Mr. J. T. Wills, Oak Lea, Freshfield, two photographs of his tomato crops of tEis season. The plants are grown at the bottom of turf walls, and trained in front of these on lattice work. The crops are highly satisfactory, as the first, fruits are formed close to the ground, and appear in fine clusters all the way up the stems. I have had nothing better submitted to my notice this season, and, as Mr. Wills appears to give considerable attention to tomato culture in the "n air, I am extremely pleased that he has > successful, and the result is most encc j, Mr. Wills originally favoured takiwry I; i ach of the foliage off the plants, as (1"))0 har: done, but he remarks that he foui J Ii: me the fruit ripen more quickly und n: shade of the leaves than when fully expired I have always disapproved of 4e!çi<: r plantft extremely, but the side- shoots should be constantly removed. No' manure was mixed with the soil in planting the tomatoes in question, but after the fruit was formed they received liquid manure made from cow and horse droppings, and this has evidently suited them perfectly. SAVING FLOWER-BED PLANTS. Flower-bed plants consist of three classes- one, the hardy perennial plants, which are durable; another, annuals, which are gay for a season and then perish and are thrown away; and a third, consisting of half-tsnder plants, of which the geranium is the leading type. In many cases cuttings are taken from these, as I advised in August, rooted, and kept through th", winter, to go into the beds the following year, and then the old ones are thrown away; but in other instances the plants are kept from year to year, not only geraniums, but many other things, and in these cases all such plants should be lifted and put under protection before being injured by frost. This is moat important, as when the ends of the ehoots are frosted and they become soft it is a very bad beginning for the wintering of them, and the whole plant is apt to perish during the short days. If all the plants are not wanted, pick out the most robust and compact for going indoors. If they are choice plants each one should be put in a pot large enough to admit the roots comfortably only. If they are common plants they may be planted rather closely in shallow boxes for convenience in storing. Use a somewhat sandy soil for all of them. Make it very firm about the roots. It may be diffi- cult to get any soil to adhere to the roots as the plants are lifted, and some of the roots may be long and twining, but these should be shortened to get them into a small space. Where the tops are straggling, these, too. should be cut back to make the plant more compact. All flowers and buds should be removed from them. When transferred to the pots or boxes do not put them in a close, warm house or under protection at all if the weather is favourable. Let them remain out- of-doors until the first appearance of frost, then protect them or take them under cover. The longer they can be kept hardy the better they will pass the winter. In large gardens such plants may be put into glass-houses or frames, but with those having no glass they may be put in upper rooms or out-houses and such like, the main points being to give them plenty of air in fine weather and keep them from frost or excessive damp.

BOARDS OF GUARDIANS. CARDIFF. At Saturday's meeting of the Cardiff Board of Guardians. Mr. O. H. Jones (chairman) pre- siding, the clerk (Mr. Harris) read a letter from the Local Government Board stating that the plans of the headquarters homes for children proposed to be erected at Ely had been examined in the board's architectural depart- ment. The board were disposed to approve generally of the plans, subject to the esti- mated cost of the works being reasonable, and to the consideration by the guardians of the pencilled notes made on the plans in the board's architectural department. The board desired to be furnished with a detailed inclu- sive estimate of the cost of the works. The Rev. J R. Buckley (vice-chairman) thought it, desirable to transmit the letter to the Ely Schools Visiting Committee, and also that the superintendent of the schools be asked to prepare a statement of the number of children now in the schools suitable for homes. Tha suggestion was agreed to without comment. The Rev. J. R. Buckley called attention to the report of the ophthalmic surgeon (Dr. Ensor), from which it appeared that at his last examination only one out of 161 children in the schools, and one out of 183 children in the homes suffered from ophthalmia. — Mr. Buckley said t11.is was a gratifying circum- stance to note, and the board concurred.

NEWPORT. Mr. T. Dutfield presided at the weekly meet- ing of the Newport Board of Guardians on Saturday. The Local Government Board wrote autho- rising a loan of £698 as additional expenditure upon the boardroom and offices, re-payable in thirty years. Mr. R. T. James, m accordance with notice, moved that a representative committee be appointed to consider the fixing of a maximum and minimum scale of salaries for the officers of the board. He thought by this means they would be able to get better officers applying for positions than at present, when only a commencing salary was ntirned. Mr. L. S Abrahamson seconded. The Mayor (Mr. W. H. Brown) opposed the motion. On the corporation, he said. there was a good deal of difficulty in dealing with officers on maximum and minimum scales. The practice followed was to promote efficient officers from lower to higher classss. The motion was defeated.

BRIDGEND. A meeting of the guardians was held on Saturday, Archdeacon Edmondes presiding. A letter was read from the Local Government Board sanctioning the expenditure of jE400 out of the current rate for building a boundrry wall. With regard to the sanctioning of a loan of £3,582 for laundry and kitcben additions, the Local Government Board stated that they would not sanction such a loan unless it was on the. distinct understanding that the guar- dians would proceed immediately after with the erection of a new infirmary. If was decided that the letter he referred to the workhouse alterations committee. The Rev. H. E. Lewis, chairman of the finance com- mittee reported that the balance in hand on October 4 was £,150. Bills passed for payment that day amounted to £1.896, leaving a half yearly balance in hand of £254. The total gross esti- mate for the coming haif-year was £7.470. They recommended that a call of £5,(){)() be issued, which the Clerk .thought on the new valuation would make a 4Jd. rate. Calls were received from the county council for £ 2,312 and £500.

CHEPSTOW. At the fortnightly meeting of Chcpfitow Board of Guardians on Saturday a communi- cation was received from tho Gloucester County Council asking for remarks upon a. petition from the Lydney Parish Council enclosed. The petition prayed that the num- ber of representatives for the parish of Lyd- ney. which was at present six (the same as for the parish of Chepstow), should be increased. After a long discussion it was decided by 30 votes to eight that the representation should remain as at present.

BRYNMAWR. In accordance with the re-arrangement of administrative county boundaries an addi- tional guardian has been allotted to the Sout-h Ward of "^rynmawr, and by the retirement of another candidate Mr. J. II. Lewis, chairman of the urban district council, has been returned unopposed.

AECHDEACON BHUCE. LEAVING NEWPORT FOR THE RECTORY OF ROGGIETT. At the morning tervice at St. Woolos' Church, Newport, on Sunday the vicar, the Ven. Archdeacon Bruce, made the following announcement to the congregation from the chancel: — "I have an announcement to make to you thife morning for which it is exceedingly diffi- cult for mo to find words. Lord Tredegar has offered me the Rectory of Roggiett, and after very anxious consideration, and taking counsel with those who could best advise me. r have thought it ray duty to accept. I need not, and must not. speak here and to-day of the pain it gives me to leave you. my work in this parish, or that which has been a home, and a dear home, for close upon twenty sears. I have long felt that the time must goon come. even if it has not come, when the absorbing interest and most impor- tant work of this parish should be entrusted to the freehvr and less occupied energy of a younger man. I cannot think it right that in this or in any parish the work of the parish should be modified, or decreased, or from time to time adjusted, and that on a descend- ing scale, to the declining energies and powers of the incumbent, who surely exists for the parish, and not the parish for him. And there have been not wanting indications that the strain of the work here, coupled with the necessary three months' absence every year at the Canonry, has become too great for myself and no less for her who has given herself with such entire devotion to the work of this parish. I have, therefore, thought it my duty to look upon this opening which haa come to mo as an appointment of Him in Whose hand is the ordering of our lives. I will add one word more. I think I may say even here and from this place that it is a strong consolation to Mrs. Bruce and myself to feel that our new home will be so near Newport as to enable us to maintain the cherished intercourse with so many friends, whose friendship has been so strong a stay and support to us during all the changes and the chances and vicissitudes of the last twenty years. I ask for your prayers, both for us who are leaving you and that a more worthy and more capable minister may be called to serve in this responsible pest in my room." Roggiett is situate close to Severn Tunnel Junction. The living is held in conjunction with the adjoining parishes of Llanvihangel and Ifton, and the vacancy in the rectory was occasioned by the death of the Rev. Alfred George Morris, B.A., which occurred at Bath on September 21 last, after holding the living for about a quarter of a century. The living of Roggiett is in the gift of Lord Tredegar, and its value is set down in "Crock- ford" at £326. The population of the united parishes of Roggiett, Llanfihangel, and Ifton is aboat 200. The Pariah Church of Roggiett is a small edifice, with accommodation, for 70 jyorsiippori, 1

CARDIFF MAINTENANCE ) CASE. HUSBAND'S AILEGATIOXS AGAINST HIS WIPE, At Cardiff County-court on Friday (before Judge Owen) Martha Tucker, housekeeper. of 14, Denbigh-street, Pontcanna, sued her husband, Frederick Tucker, a coalman, of 3. Brunswick- 9 street, Cow bridge-road, for the sum of Xii 5s. duo to her under an agreement for main- tenance since Mar-cli 9 last. Mr. St. John Francis-Williams (instructed by Mr. Harold Lloyd; appeared for tho plaintiff, and Mr. J. H. Jones defended. The amount of the claim was admitted, with the exception of 30s. alleged to have been tendePed, and the defenoe set up was a charge of misconduct. The defendant, Frederick Tucker, was first examined. He said they had been married for 25 years, and there were five children, aged from twelve to 24. He had loaid his wife up to March of this year, when he became suspi- cious. Ha had seen his wife walking arm in arm with another man up Cathedral-road. They went into a house in Denbigh-road, and witness watched outside and saw them in the bedroom together pulling down the blinds. His wife was living with a man named Tom- kins, and she was supposed to be his house- keeper. Witness afterwards, on May 27, saw his wife go with the same man into the For- resters' Arms, Cowbrulgr>-road. Witness fol- lowed and told her lip did not think she was doing right. She replied: "Don't follow me into the public-house again, because I am living with that man, and he knows as much about me as you do. I waat no more money of you." C.-oss-examined: He had paid the main- tenance money regularly. He did not know his wife was living with Tcmkins as house- keeper until his son was sent round with 30s., an instalment, which she refused. Counsel: Is Tomkins a widower?—I don't kne anything about it. Have j'nii seen children in the house?—I have seen two little boys. You don't deny that she is his housekeeper" —No. You saw nothing worse than pulling down the blimhP-No. Have you seen any improprif ty?-Only walk- In arm-in-arm. I suggest she told you in the public-house that she waj living with this man as house- keoper to get hei living?—'Ihe never mentioned housekeerer or living. Fred Tucker, the von, deposed to seeing his mother walking with another man in Llandaff Fields. Mary Ann Green, 5. Chancery-lane, Canton, deposed to watchirng the house in Denbigh- street between June 1 and 11. She had Been plaintiff and Tomkins going into the house together, and sitting down in the back room. She had watched the light g,)iilz out and another light appearing in of the unstairs bedrooms. She hnd also feeu the shadows of two peonle on the blinds of the bedroom. She had spoken to Mrs. Tuck°r, N,, li-) told her she was liviug- as his (Tomkins's) housekeeper. Her husband was no good to her, and ?■'>. Tomkins was a better .11iln than ever her hiwlsand know how to be. This was witness's first detective engagement, and so fnr she had only received he 2s. 6d. for the subpoena. Mrs. OxJey, a professional female detective, gave similar evidence. She had seen Mrs. Tucker pull down the blinds, and afterwards saw the shadows of two people. Mr. St. John Francis-Williams: The worse things you have been able to detect are those ehndows on the blinds?—Yes, of course. Plaintiff was called and denied the allega- tions of missonduct. She went as a housekeeper to Tomkins for the purpose of earning her living. Mr. Tomkina was an invalid, and had i three sons, with one of whom he always slept, and a daughter. Tomkina always pulled down the blinds of his room. Plaintiff denied ever walking arm in arm with Tomkins. Counsel for plaintiff asked for an adjourn- ment in order to obtain further witnesses,. as the defence had been unexpected. His Honour, however, refused, and counsel went on to say that the charge of misconduct rested wholly on the shadows on the blind. The Judge said that, short of having actual evidence, he considered the case was proved. One must excuse one's common-sense and knowledge of life and men and women, and, applying that, it seemed to him that the case was made out. Judgment for the defendant.

SALARY OF THE CARDIFF ARCHIVIST. At a meeting of the Cardiff Records Com- mittee on Friday, Mr E. Thomas presiding, the archivist's application for an increase of salary came up for discussion. A statement prepared showed that the archivist's salary and expenses amounted to for the three volumes published and prepared to date. The salary was £ 208 per annum. During the period work to the value of IP416 had been done for ether departments of the corporation, and Mr. Norman asked if they were getting a fair equivalent for the money. The Chairman: How would you settle that— would you measure it by inches or weigh it in pounds ? In the course of further discussion, the Chairman said that there was no (ther town of the importance of Cardiff that had not some systematized record of its history. Nothing had been acne in Cardiff until the records were commenced, and now they found that they were tackling a greater work than they anticipated. Mr. Norman: It is costing more. Mr. Lloyd Meyrick expressed the opinion that it was harder for a corporation official to get an increase between £ 206 and zP300 than between 112,000 and £ 15.000. It was not fair to say to anyone in their employ that they had spent more than they anticipated, and, therefore, he must staffer. He thought that Mr. Matthewa's salary ought to be LWO. After further .aiscufBion, the question was adjourned.

COAL TRIMMING CHARGES. AN INTERESTING ACTION AT CARDIFF. His Honour Judge Owen had before him at Cardiff County-court on Friday an inte- resting Admiralty action involving the trim- ming charges at Cardiff. The plaintiffs in the action were Messrs. Cory Bros.. and they fioug'ht to recover from the Esrnoath Steam- ship Company the sum of £ 65 10s., balance of ge charge for trimming a cargo of coals. Mr. J. Sankey (instructed by Messrs. Downing and Handcock) appeared for the plaintiffs, and Mr. Bailhache was for the defendants. The ques- tion in dispute depended on whether the veecel could be considered a self-trimmer, and the defendants opened first in order to prove this. Mr. Ea.ilbach-3 said the Exmouth was a vessel hvo years old, of 6,500 tons register. She had a long bridge deck running Sore and aft, in which were three hatchcs. There were three others in the wells; and as to three ,1)atches. the Exmouth was a trunk ship. Out of the cargo of 5,720 tons loaded, only some 600 tons required trimming. The coaltrimmers were paid upon the total amount of the cargo. ai-,d, if, therefore, quite a Email percentage of the cargo, only 10 or 12 per cent., required to be trimmed, the trimmers would receive an exorbitant sum by way of wages, and tha vessel would have to pay an exorbitant amount. In this par- ticular instancs, the whole of the trimming that was done was done by eighteen men in eighteen hours, ar.d if they were to pay at the one-deck rate it would mean £ 3 12s. per man, or each trimme working on the ship would receive a little more than 4s. 6d. an hour. Mr. William Anning (one of the managing owners of the Exmouth) said that when the vessel was loaded for her first voyage they had the one-deck rate. She was loaded with the cargo in question, in April, 1503. Before she arrived in dock the wnors had a notice from Mr. Fisher, the convener of the Trim- ming Board, of a meeting of that body. There was no quorum, and meantinre the Exmouth came in and began to load. Witness had a conversation with Mr. Fisher as to what rate the trimmers would require to he paid. and he wanted a single deck charge of 21d. Witness made a counter olfer of Hr1.. but failing to come to an agree- ment. the Exmouth went on loaning, and took in 5,148 tons without a trimmer going on board. The total ca^go was 5,750. When they had loaded the 5,148 tons they found they could not load more without trimmers. Cones had formed in the hatchways, and it was necessary to trim them. Mr. Fisher and witness agreed that the men should finish trimming the ship and leave the price to the Trimming Board. The board subsequently decided that in future the Exmouth should be trimmed for lid. per, ton. Cross-examined: It was necessary to trim a part of the coal that had already been put in in order to get into the concs, but the amount that hfd to be so trimmed was not 360 tons. It would be 71 or 75. The amount of trimming on the whole cxrg:) was not 994 tons, Mr. Sankey: When you had loaded 5,000 tons without a trimmer your vessel bad a list of twrf) feet, which made it dangerous to go to sea ? —No such thinj- She had a list of only three or four inches. Mr. Davies, trimming contractor, said the smallest amount of trimming required in self- trimmers was simply the levelling of the hatchways. The largest amount was 10 to 12 per cent. Mr. Sankey: A veseel of the size of the Ex- mouth requires 200 tons to be trimmed to be a eelf-trimmer?—Yes. Mr. W. H. Lewis (of Insole's Collieries), a member of the Trimming Board, produced the minutes of the board, which decided that the Exmouth should pay lid per ton for the whnle cargo throughout, 2d. for one of the holds under special circumstances, and bunkers at tariff rates. Witness considered that 11 vessel loading 5,000 tons, with only 50D left Jto be trimmed, was a self-trimmer. For tho plaintiffs the foseman trimmer stated that they had to trim 350 tons before any more coal was put on board, and after- wards they trimmed 634 tons. Other trimmers corroborated, and Mr. John Lewis, the foreman for Messrs. Hacquoil. said he had trimmed the Exmouth ell several occa-, sions. On ordinary occasions it required 1,350 tons to be trimmed in loading her. Mr. Sankey submitted that the average amount required to be trimmed was 1,000 tons. and in that respsct the vessel could hardly be termed a self-trimmer. He contended that the plaintiffs coiVd not<be hound by any agree-) ment made by Mr. Fisher. An argument fol- lowed between counsel as to what constituted a quorum of the Trimming Board. The minutes had been signed bv five members out of six, and Mr. Sankey submitted that it was not. a quorum, Mr. Bailhache replying th::t the committee was not the same as named arbi- trators. His Honour, in giving judgment, said he was not satisfied that there was an agreement which was binding on the parties that the matter should be referred to the Trimming Board. Neither was there any meeting of the board which Muld dispose of the matter. The rules of the board required that two coal shippers, two shipowners, and two trimmers should constitute the com- mittee, and, as only five out of six were present-and it was not stipulated whether three or four would form a quorum- even if there was an agreement thera could be no decision of the committee which applied to the case. The substantial question was whether the Exmouth was a self-trimmer. The evidence showed that 20 per cent. of the cargo required trimming, and he could not. there- fore, recognise it as a self-trimmer. Judgment was given for plaintiffs with costs.

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CARDIFF WATERWORKS. £ 200,000 WORTH OF SCHEMES UNDER CONSIDERATION. A meeting of the waterworks committee of the Cardiff Corporation was held on Friday. Alderman David Jones presiding. The chief businesjj was to consider proposed alterations and extensions to the waterworks system. The Engineer (Mr. C. H. Priestley) presented a report on the works required. At the Heath the filter beds were working above their normal capacity. There were six filter beds, and it was necessary to keep one empty for the pur- poses of cleansing, &c. A branch bye-pass main was necessary, as it would be impossible to keep up the supply to the town in case of a burst in the mains at Llanishen. At the same time. they were at present unable to stop the supply for the purpose of cleansing the mains. Many of the mains in the town were old and too small for the requirements that had arisen since they were laid, some of them 40 or 50 years ago. Many of the bursts reported recently were in these old mains. He thought that the work should be spread, and that £ 9.000 should be put to capital and £ 3,000 to revenue The purchase of certain premises had been before the committee on previous occasions. He thought that a sum should be set aside or obtained for this purpose. The other work named would be iiecess-iry, and most of it had been agreed upon by resolution at previous meetings of the committee. The schedule of works and estimated costs was as follows: -Rhubma extensions, £ 13,686 4s. 4d.; Cogan extensions, L6 759; new reservoir, Leck- with, £ 8,438; Cantreff Cottages, £ 434; new mains, services, and meters (six years at £ 4.000 a year), £ 24,000, Heath extensions, £22.398 lis.; branch bye-pass main from Taff Fawr con- duit to the Heath filters, £ 4,500; renewing and re-laying old mains and services (zCI,530 per annum for six years), £9,00,); purchase of pro- perty, £1.0û:J; co=t of obtaining Provisional Order and contingencies, £5:¡; total, f,90,795 15s 4d. Mr. Bird: And we shall want this S90,000 before commence the new reservoir? The Chairman: Yes. !.r. Yorath: Will il delay the new reservoir? The Chairmsn: No. Ifr. Hildou: We ought to recognise that we are committed to the most of this. Mr. Biid asked if it would make any diffe. rence with the Local Government Board in getting the money when it was known that some of the work was already done. The Chairman replied that it might put them in an awkward fix. But these works came before the committee as matters of urgency. Alderman Sanders: I don't remember that they had absolutely refused. But they have made inquiries, and told us that it must not be done iigain. The Town-clerk: Some of this work could not be delayed. The town-clerk brought up a draft resolu- tion recommending ilie corporation to apply for a Provisional Order to carry out the work. and also include a clause enlarging the bor- ders of the district in which the corporation could supply water so as to include St. Fugan's. The Chairman mentioned the question of a new reservoir, and suggested that a special meeting should be held to consider it. The committee fixed the meeting for Wed- nesday next. It is understood that the cost of a new re- servoir will be nearly £ 100.000. Tenders for 300 tons of coal were opened, and that from Mr. C. Jones, Locket's Merthyr, through and through, at lls. 3d., was accepted,

SWANSEA QUARTER SESSIONS The Michaelmas Quarter Sessions for the borough of Swansea were held at the Town, hall on Friday before his Honour Judge W. Bowen Rowlands, R.C., recorder, who was accornpanicd on the bench by the mayor, Mr. W. Watkins) The grand jury having been sworn in, with Councillor Protheroe as foreman, the Keeorder, in his charge, said happily his re- marks would be very short, as the calendar was a light one, and the cases presented no difficult features, or called for observations. He congratulated the grand jury and the borough generally that there were so few ca-jes before them. Mr. W. Llewellyn Williams mentioned the intended appeals of Messrs. Williams, Foster, and Co., Pascoe, Grenfell. and Co., and Weaver and Co., and asked his honour for & respite by conscnt of the respondents. He ex- plained that notice of appeal was not delivered to the assessment committee in time. The appeals were held over to the next set- sions. TRIALS OF PRISONERS. Daniel Lodwig, 28, labourer, Pentrege: road, Cwmbwrla, was indicted for woun 's and inflicting grievous bodily harm upon a Beynon, his father-in-law, on August 24, Id was sentenced to three months' hard lab C. E. H. Adams, twenty, labourer, zbe charged with feloniously breaking and entt the warehouse of H. Stone, and steali" there fifteen bottles of whisky.—Th- being unsatisfactory, the prisoner; ar, charged. The grand jury returned "No true » the case of David Evans, 27. tila-V charged with indecently assaulting Xf Helston on August 15. This concluded the business of the sessi !1e

SUICIDE AT SWANSEA. A labourer named Thomas M'Indo. living in Lower Oxford-street, Swansea, comlllÏi tcrl suicide on Saturday afternoon by hang himself in a closet in the rear of his dwell t,g He was about 30 years of age, and left a i, '< and two children. He was in employmt and appeared to live happily with hie fam :.7t. He was oftc^ a jporter ja Swaaiwa Eoajitat-