Weekly Mail

POTATOES AS FOOD FOB STOCK. When potatoes are unsaleable at a profit, a writer in a contemporary recommends their being boiled for stock. He says :—Raw, in cold weather, they are apt to bring on too much looseness, and some- times cause cows and ewes to slink their young but if boiled before being given they are always safe and much more nutritious. I know no better feed for swine than boiled or steamed potatoes mixed with bran, shorts, middlings, or a smaller quanti, y of Indian 01' other meal. Formerly, when breeding swine prelty extensively, I thus gave potatoes, sugar beats, and mangels to entire satis- faction and profit."

COLIC IN HORSES. The following note on colic in horses is taken from the National Live Stock Journal :—The horse has a comparatively small stomach, which is adopted to the use of concentrated food, but that concentrated food should be mixed with bulky or fibrous food. In the state of nature, horses live upon grass and its seed, but the seed is not eaten alone. It requires buik as weJlIL nutriment. The bulky or fibrous food must be eaten with the con- centrated, so as to separate the particles of meal and render the mass, as it goes into the stomach, porous. It is quite easy to see why the contents of the stomach should be in a porous or a spongy condition. The gastric, or digesting fluid, must circulate through this mass of food in order to effect its digestion. If corn be ground into fine meal and moistened, it becomes very plastic, and adheres in a solid mass, almost impenetrable to any liquid. Now, when a horse masticates corn meal so that he can swallow it, saliva must have saturated it, and it becomes a plastic, adhesive mass; and, being in this condition in the stomach of the horse, the gastric juice cannot penetrate it, and the muscular movements of the stomach can- not break up this adhesive mass so as to allow the gastric juice to circulate through it, and, there- fore it cannot be digested. And it is for this reason that whole corn, or that very coarsely ground, may be fed to a horse with less danger of colic or other diseases, by a feverish stomach, because, in the torm of cracked kernels, it cannot adhere in a solid, plastic mass, and what is not digested will pass away in the droppings. But in the case of the plastic dough the gastric juice only comes in contact with the outside, and the mass remains so long in the stomach as to create more or less fever, and cause colic or other disease.

HINTS TO AMATEUR DAIRYMEN. Farm and Home says:—It costs just as much to keep a poor cow as it does a good one. and if we raise her Ïrom a calf it costs just as much to get her, whether she is good, bad, or indifferent. If we buy her, the good cow will cost more to start with, but her yield will more than make up the difference, so that this part may be considered as settled. Of course the character of the food has to do with making good butter. If the cow be left to pick up her living by the road side it will cost less than if she be kept on goo.i pasture. But she ought to be well and humanely taken care of if she is not in milk at all. So with a good cow and good feed we have made a start. Cleanliness comes next. It begins with the hands and milk pail. Then the udder should be cleaned, and the other parts of the cow from which dirt would be apt to fall into the milk brushed off. But the cleaning should be done before the milking begins. Having maintained cleanliness up to the time of straining the milk, let it be continued all through the operation of raising the cream and making the butter. The cream should be kept at an even temperature.

CATTLE AND THE WARBLE FLY. A report by Miss Ormerod on this insect was submitted to the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society at their meeting held recently, in which that lady says:—I beg to submit that my atten- tion has been directed to the yearly injury to horned cattle and the depreciation in the value of hiues caused by the attack commonly known as warbles." From careful study of the history of tbe ox bot-fly, or warble fly-the Œstrus Hypoder- ma) bovis-joined to the recentexperiments made hy Mr. Stratton, there does not appear to beany doubt that from the time the first ulceration takes place, by which an opening is formed into the coming swelling, the maggot within can be rapidly and surely killed with little trouble or expense. In Mr. Stratum's recent experiments, the simple ap- plication of a little mercurial ointment, placed on the orifice, killed the maggot. A little arsenite of copper (commonly known as Paris Green, or Scheele's Green) likewise killed the maggot, but caused some slight inflammation and a little pitch served the same purpose, excepting in one instance, where the maggot was not quite certainly dead on examination. The mercurial ointment acted the best, as it not only killed the maggot but rapid decomposition followed. These applications were tried when the warble was in the advanced stage it attains in spring, but would, as far as we see, act equally well as early as about October of the previous year. The warble fly deposits its eggs during summer, and the maggot, which takes its position within the lower layers of the hides, is at first quite smooth in its skin, and lies without causing noticeable harm, and also, as far as is known, without communi- cation with the air; but afterwards (at its first moult) it gains a skin set with patches of minute prickles, by means of which irritation, and then ulceration, is set up, and the opening is formed. This takes place towards autumn, and by passing the hand along the back and loins of the cattle the warble may be detected as soon as it is as large as a nut; early atten- tion would be of great service to the cattle, and, further, is of great importance relatively to saving loss on the warbled hide. At first the cavity is very small, and whilst it is still only a small sore healing will readily take place on removal of the cause of irritation. But, after some months, when the maggot has nearly attained its full size, it has been found, by the observation of German anatomists, that a growth which much resembles that of the various layers of true skin has formed over the inner surface of this maggot- inhabited hole in the hide; consequently when the maggot has left it, although the cell may draw together, there appears good reason why the already-healed surfaces should not unite. Other points in the habits of the fly may be brought to be ir on reducing the amount of attack, and when it is advanced such methods of action as pricking the grub, or squeezing it from the warble, will destroy it; but the measures needed are what can be applied easily and so early in the progress of the attack as to save the winter presence of the grub, and I believe that going over the herds once or twice in autumn, and applying a little mer- curial ointment, wouid easily and surely meet this point. But although the entomological part of the attack is plain, still it involves questions of cattle treatment with which I am not fully competent to deal, and I therefore submit my views respectfully for consideration, and shall be happy to give full details of the life, history, and habits of the warble fly if wished.

POULTRY NOT.ES. THE RESULTS OF CROSSING FOWLS. A Writer in Farm and Home says:—There have been such numerous crosses made in fowls that there is no wonder opinions are very varied, and as egg-laving is a great point the weight or sym- metry of the birds are in many instances little considered. An experiment I tried some years ago may, however, prove interesting to the reader. It was made with a view of getting good table fowls. I used a thoroughbred Cochin China cock amongst some grey Dorking hens. The pullets proved splendid, short-legged, heavy birds, the most singular thing being that they were all of an even colour—viz., buS. I kept thirty pullets, and being desirous of improving the quality the next year used a pure game cock. Here was a clear instance of abrupt crosses being bad—at least so far as fowls were concerned. The progeny proved the most awkward-looking wretches ever seen. Some of the cockerels had long legs like the Cochins and small bodies like the game. They had the appearance of walking about on stilts. The legs were blue, green, yellow, all the colours of the rainbow but the right, and the pullets proved of equally bad proportions. Still it was most strange that none came of any size worth speaking of; yet in the first cross with the Cochin and Dorking a couple of cockerels weighed nineteen pounds with only ordinary farmyard feeding. For egg-laying and size combined I could never im- prove upon a cross between the grey Brahma and black Spanish but the black Spanish pure is rash in constitution and small in weight. It is not my object here to enlarge upon pure breeds, else for farmyard stock I should strongly advise the grey Dorking as being hard to surpass. EGGS SENT BY PARCEL POST. The Postmaster-Goneral calls the attention of those who send eggs by Parcel Post to the necessity of secure packing, as a great deal of damage results from insufficient care being taken to protect the eggs against pressure or con- cussion in transit. That the contents should be so racked as not to shift in position or work loose in transit is of almost as much importance to their safety as that the receptacle should be of such a kind as will resist a reasonable amount of pressure. The following course is recommended by a writer in the Mark Lane Express:- Use a tin box with well-fitting lid; to wrap each egg separately with a sufficiency of old newspaper or other soft material; to place the eggs on end, one close to the other, and to fill up the interstices and the box with newspaper, cotton waste, saw- dust, bran, or chaff, so as to prevent the eggs from striking together or against the sides or top of the box in which they are contained finally, to write prominently on the address portion of the outer wrapper oc, label the words liggs—with care."

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD- I FELLOWS (MANCHESTER UNITY). The annual report of the directors of the Inde- pendent Order of Oddfellows (Manchester Unity), presented at the A.M.C., which commenced at Reading on Monday morning, states that the directors are pleased to report that there have been admitted into the Order during the year 1883, in Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands, 38,501 persons, being 1,158 more than in 1882, whilst the increase in the Colonies has been 1,064 in excess of that of 1882. The number of members on the 1st of January, 1883, was 565,358; admission by initiation during 1883, 38,501 reinstatements of suspended districts, 237 increase in the Colonies, 3,011; makinga total of 607,107. Deaths during 1883, 6,968; suspensions, secessions, &c., 20,773; total, 27,741-leaving the net number of members on December 31, 1883, 579,366. The total increase during the year is shown as 14,008. At the Not- tingham A.M.C. a resolution was passed requiring the registration of the rules of every lodge not yet registered before the 1st of May, 1884, and at the date of the closing of the report during the past year four districts and 198 lodges had been regis- tered, making a total of 406 districts and 2,947 lodges now registered as legal branches of the society. A great number of lodge rules had been sent for registration which were incorrectly pre- pared, and the directors were, therefore, of opinion that the time should be further extended for the registration of lodges. The report next deals with the conference, with the Executive Council of the Ancient Order of Foresters, with regard to the Friendly Societies' Act, and the depu- tation which had waited upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer with regard to the Income-tax deducted from interest on mortgages and postage of circulars, &c. With regard to the subject of appropriation of interest, they had inserted a proposition to meet the views of the majority at the last A.M.C., but felt they would be wanting in their duty did they not draw attention to the dangerous policy engendered by such appropriation, unless guarded by proper restrictions. They, therefore, suggest that the proposition should read, Lodges may adopt a rule empowering them to appropriate any excess of interest received (upon the average for the preceding five years) over 4 per cent. for management purposes." At the last A.M.C. the important question of levies to funeral funds was again referred to the directors with a view to the preparation of rules in reference thereto. The directors state that they are not prepared to accept the great responsibility of so doing while districts are allowed to act upon the permissive principle, as it is only by continuous and compulsory levy- ing over the most extensive districts that levies are practicable, and that the inequalities of the present system can, and, it is believed, may be, equitably adjusted. It must also be borne in mind that not only has provision to be made for future members, but that the liabilities incurred during the past years must also be provided for, and this, if done too rigidly, would seriously militate against the principle of unity and the future interests of the Order. With regard to the valuation returns, the directors regret the difficulty that has been experienced in obtaining the valuation returns from some districts and lodges, and that even at the present time the valuation is in- complete from this cause. Despite numerous notices and warnings, there were still nearly 100 returns which had either not been furnished or had been withheld on being returned for cor- rection. The list of the lodges which have not supplied these returns is given. Dealing with the Edinburgh district, in which some of the lodges had severed their connection with the Order, the directors, regretting the action of the lodges, had no alternative but to refuse their request, which, it would appear from the tone of the correspondence, was made with the knowledge that such would be the case, and with a pre- determination of seceding. The directors, how- ever, had taken the necessary steps to preserve the interests of those members who remain loyal to the Unity. The report further notes the misappli- cation of funds by several lodges, and, with regard to the repudiation by the corporation of Bootle of the bond given by the late Town-Clerk of Bootle to the Britannia Lodge of the Southampton dis- trict, the directors suggest in future that in all cases where money is invested with corpo- rate bodies the amount should be paid direct to the banking account of such corporation. The directors state that it will be necessary that they should be armed with further authority to enforce compliance with reference to sending in returns to the central office, as a large number of lodges neglect to send in the annual returns required by the Friendly Societies' Act, and the board was held responsible by the Registrar for the acts of its branches. The directors conclude by stating that they have just cause to congratulate the society the work achieved during the past year. An admission of members unparalleled in its history and an improved financial position, as demon- strated by the results of the la"t valuation, lead them with confidence to look forward to the future, and to express the hope that its proud posi- tion may be maintained and become so consolidated as to ultimately render the Order a unity in reality as well as in name." An appendix is added, containing the report of Mr. James Curtis, of Brighton, the Parliamentary agent, dealing with legislation which has come before Parliament since the last A.M.C., which states that nothing which might be termed sensational legislation" has been brought forward in Parliament since the last A.M.C. Referring to the importance of the valua- tion returns, the report states that returns are in- cluded from 3,452 lodges, comprising 472,388 members in Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands, those which have since seceded not being included. From these returns it appears that the whole of the sickness benefits assumed are of the present value of £ 10,500,371. The funeral benefits of the members are shown to be of the present value of £ 2,140,631, and the funeral benefits of members' wives and widows are of the present value ot £ 672,680. The average per member of the value of the sick- ness liability is shown to be JE22 4s. 7d. The average per member of the funeral liabilities, inclusive of wives and widows, is shown to be JE5 19s. Id. The total value of the whole liabilities is £ 13,313,682, averaging Y,28 3s. 8d. per member. The annual in- come of these lodges amounts in the aggregate to £ 496,226 16s. 2d., averaging the sum of one guinea per member, and the present value of the whole of these contributions is ascertained to be £ 8,435,480. The valuation balance-sheet shows the condition of the Unity, as represented by these lodges on the 31st of December, 1880, was as follows:— Li ABILITIES. Present value of sick benefits £ 10,500,371 Present value of members' funeral benefits. 2,14oi631 Present value of wives and widows' benefits 672,680 913,313,682 ASSETS. Present value of contributions £ 8,435,480 Present value of capital 4.250,332 £ 12.685,862 Deficiency £ 627,820 The large sum of L22,639 has been eliminated from the assets on account of negative values; but it is probable that a considerable portion of that sum is now realised, and has become part of the funds of the society. The report concludes with observations on the general condition of the Unity, the rate of interest obtained, district funeral funds, &c. The Annual Movable Committee of the Man- chester Unity of Oddfellows, of which Order it is the central governing body, on Monday com- menced its deliberations in the Congress-hall, Reading. There are over 400 delegates from the various districts throughout the United Kingdom, and the proceedings will occupy the whoie week. The Grand Master of the Order, Mr. John Bennett, of Chester, presided, supported by the Deputy Grand Master, Mr. Wollestein, of Wellington, and the Unity officers. The list of delegates was first called and the attendances recorded, and then the Mayor of Reading and some members of the cor- poration were introduced, and officially gave the A.M.C. a hearty welcome to the borough. THE GRAND MASTER'S ADDRESS. The GRAND MASTER, who was most cordially re- ceived, then delivered his inaugural address. He first expressed gratification that they were as- sembled in a town where the district did credit, numerically and financially, to the Manchester Unity. Reading district had 3,250 members, L28,882 sick and funeral funds, and a surplus capital of £ 5,335. This was due to the adoption of the graduated contributions and benefits pre- scribed in the rules, and working on sound finan- cial principles. During last year 41,749 joined the Unity, or were reinstated, the largest number ever known, but, owing to the deaths and secessions, the net gain was only 14,008, against 17,449 in 1882. There were on the 1st of January last 496,529 members, with £ 5,331,611 capital—an increase in ten years of 82,837 members and 11,929,113 capital. The receipts in 1883 amounted to £ 795,632 8s. 10d., and the payments to 1547,347 8s. 8d., of which £ 431,127 was for sick and E.116,247 for funeral benefits-a net gain in capital of £ 248,258. Turning to the business coming before the A.M.C., he said the question of appropriation of surplus capital would need care- ful consideration, and said he should much like to see lodges with surpluses assisting others in their district not so fortunately situated financially. He specially commended the South London district for having again applied a considerable surplus to this laudable purpose, and said it was very selfish of wealthy lodges to appropriate their surplus capital to increasing members' benefits,when impoverished lodges in their district, from causes for which they were not responsible, had to diminish their benefits. During the year 167 applications had been made to appropriate X35,979 surplus capital, against L32,829 last year. The directors had considered the question of funeral levies, referred to them at Nottingham, but they felt it impossible to propose any scheme until the question of making the for- mation of district funeral funds compulsory in- stead of merely optional had again been consi- dered. The suggested amendments in the Friendly Societies Acts had been abandoned for want of the co-operation of the other principal Friendly So- cieties. Alluding to the valuation of the assets and liabilities of the Unity in 1880, just completed by Mr. Watson, the actuary of the Order, the Grand Master said it was gratifying to find so many lodges in a solvent condition, but they must not shut their eyes to the fact that a large number have a deficiency of capital. Happily, in many cases the deficiency was only small, but the necessity still existed for immediate steps being taken to remedy the evil whilst that is possible and comparatively easy. Having quoted the dictum of the actuary, that only in very few cases was decay inevitable, though in some directions very disagreeable pictures are presented, the presi- dent said these words were encouraging, and should incite defective lodges to place themselves in a solvent condition. Superannuation for old members had not been taken up with that zeal which might have been expected from the appa- rent desire to establish such a fund; but its adoption was of vital importance to all Friendly Societies. It was impossible for lodges, however large their surplus, to continue to pay annuities from subscriptions for sickness and funerals only. Necessarily it was difficult to per- suade young people to pay for a benefit so long deferred; but the additional subscription was so small that youpg and incoming members abould be induced to make provision for old age. Having I referred to the great cordiality with which as Grand Master he had everywhere been received throughout the Unity, Mr. Bennett alluded to the deaths of Put-Grand Masters Ginn and Lovesey during the year, and concluded by observing that, after 32 years' experience of the Order, he was convinced that its principles, if truly cherished and acted upon, are calculated to elevate the moral and social character of man. The noble sentiments of the heart are all cherished and cultivated; and he who is a good and faithful Oddfellow, abiding by its precepts, governed by its laws, and cherishing its principles, cannot fail to be a valuable and worthy citizen. (Applause.) The Grand Master's address was frequently ap- plauded, and was ordered to be printed in the official reports. TUESDAY. The Annual Movable Committee of the Man- chester Unity re-assembled at Reading on Tuesday morning, under the presidency of Grand Master Bennett, of Chester. The Relief Committee's report was adopted without discussion. Five pounds were granted to James Harwood, Woolwich; £10 each to Peter O'Donnell, Liverpool, and Joseph Raynor, Leeds; and £20 to Richard Mogford, Newport, Mon., to be expended for his benefit by the district officers. There were four applications to form new dis- tricts, and the New Districts Committee recom- mended that they should all be granted. The meeting, however, by a large majority, refused to sanction the No Danger Lodge leaving the Preston District, and forming a Longbridge District. The necessity of consolidating districts instead of split- ting them into numerOUd small ones was strongly urged, and statements were made showing the unsatisfactory condition of the lodge named. The meeting proceeded to consider propositions for amending the general laws of the Order. As the sub-committee were not prepared with their report reviewing the proceedings of the directors during the past year, it was decided that the rules in future shall always be revised from the beginning and not in alternate years. The North London District raised an animated discussion by proposing an addition to Rule 3, which would inflict, a penalty of Os. for canvas- sing for anyone for an office, or disqualification for two years. It was contended that canvassing was altogether wrong in principle and vicious in practice, inferior men frequently being successful by the superior activity of their friends. The opposition to the suggested alteration contended it would be wholly ineffectual, that it would pre- vent anyone expressing an opinion respect- ing candidates when solicited, and the circu- lation of necessary particulars respecting places proposed for the next annual meeting. Mr. Crow Devioes created some amusement by declaring a month would have been spent in trying cases of alleged corruption. Mr. Burbidge, Southampton, suggested that South London, having now got their man on the Board of Directors, wished to ma.ke his seat secure. Mr. Stockall, London, in- dignantly repudiated this suggestion, and Mr. P. Pownall, Woolwich, stated that what was proposed only applied to offices and appointments. On the vote being taken, the motion was defeated by a considerable majority, amid great cheering from the victors. The next proposition, which evoked much interest, was one from South London, for revert- ing to the old system of nominating candidates for the directorate at the annual meeting instead of at district meetings, as decided last year at Notting- ham. It was argued that no such advantages had been realised as were promised by the advocates of the change; but, on the other hand, the several candidates duly nominated by their districts had been disqualified by the secretaries failing to send them in by the stipulated time. It was rejoined that much time had been saved, and that it was absurd to make a law one year and change it the next.—The proposition was rejected by a large majority. Glasgow submitted a motion which would make it compulsory that one of the directors should always be a Scotchman.—Mr. Johnson, in pro- posing it, argued that Scotland was entitled to the distinction on the ground of numbers and the highly satisfactory financial condition of the lodges, where insolvency was absolutely unknown.—Some amusement was caused by the seconder, Mr. Inglis, declaring that he did so against his own convic- tion, and in deference to the wishes of his district, and by the Irish delegates claiming equal honour for their county. On being put to the vote there were but five votes for the proposition against the rest of the meeting. The next motion, from Kingston-upon-Thames, also dealt with the constitution of the directorate. It was proposed that the three senior directors should annually be disqualified for re-election. The only argument advanced in support was that it was desirable to introduce new blood into the directorate, and the rejoinder was that the election rested wholly with the annual meeting, and that, probably, the most competent and best-qualified members would be legally disqualified. The suggestion was wholly opposed to the practice of every public body. Mr. Gledhill introduced a proposition from Brig- house for reducing the remuneration of the direc- tors from a guinea to 15s. per day whilst serving in Manchester.—Mr. Coles (Stony Stratford) seconded this, and it was argued that at the rate named, or even half a guinea, the Unity would be admirably served. On the other hand it was contended the remuneration barely covered expenses, and Mr. Watson, who was for many years a director, confirmed this from practical ex- perience.—Mr. Vaughan stated that the Unity expenses had increased from £1,692 in 1872 to £ 2,975.—Mr. Gl&dhill, replying, said any director who stayed at an hotel where his expenses exceeded 15s. per day was more a repre- sentative of the aristocracy than the working classes.—The proposition was signally defeated. Mr. Lefevre, senior member for the borough, was at this stage introduced to the meeting, and was most cordially received. He said he had been informed by Mr. Ludlow, registrai of Friendly- Societies, that the Manchester Unity was one of the most important and best found and sound of Friendly Societies.—The Unity then adjourned. THE BANQUET. The banquet was numerously attended, and Mr. Goschen was supported by the High Sheriff, Mr. Shaw-Lefevre, and Mr. Palmer, the borough mem- bers. Mr. SHAW-LEFEVRE, responding for the House of Commons, after some eompMnentary allusions to the Manchester Unity ttimaMy caution to .deal most carefully with apparent Sorpiuses of capital, said he might be permitted to refer to those outrages recently committed in London, by which, for the third time within the last few months, it had been attempted to destroy some of the public buildings in the Metropolis, and to strike a panic in its population. It was obvious we are in the presence of a movement of the most daring cha- racter, which is attempting to strike panic in the population of London and to affect the govern- ment of this country. But he hoped, and ventured to believe, it would not have the desired effect. (Cheers.) These outrages seemed to suggest two considerations of considerable importance. One was, How can plots of this kind be planned and hatched in a foreign and friendly country? The other, How can such people as Mr. O'Donovan Rossa and Mr. Patrick Ford be permitted in a friendly country to adver- tise for funds for outrages of this kind, and pro- claim a campaign of dynamite? That was a question we had a right to ask. Why are such things permitted, and why is it, after success has been attained in such outrages, as has recently been seen, these men are permitted to boast of success, and renew their application for similar purposes. It appeared to him that was hardly what might be expected from a friendly nation, and if such things are permitted it must he due to some grave defects in their laws. (Cheers.) Whatever might be their different views, all would agree that these outrages will not have the smallest effect upon the policy or conduct of this country. (Cheers.) We were not to be led by fear to go one iota beyond what we believed to be in the interests of the Empire, nor deterred by resentment from legislation we believed to be beneficial in the in- terest of Ireland. Mr. GOSCHEN, in proposing "The Manchester Unity," warmly advocated voluntary thrift in pre- ference to compulsory State insurance, and hoped that the latter would never be attempted. WEDNESDAY. The sub-committee's report, reviewing the directors' proceedings last year, was submitted and discussed. The sub-committee expressed grati- fication at the Unity's progress numerically and financially, and, after stating that the registration of districts as legal branches was practically com- pleted, recommended that the time for the regis- tering of lodges should be extended until the 1st of May next, and that the directors should submit to the A.M.C. all lodges unregistered by that date. They recommended that the directors should again apply to the 93 lodges which failed to make valua- tion returns, and urge the desirability of a complete valuation of the entire Unity. They declined to anticipate the discussion respecting the district funeral fund. which must arise on the directors' proposition, to which the directors evi- dently attached great importance. They recom- mended that the directors should persist in their efforts to induce the Postmaster- General to allow lodge summonses to be transmitted by halfpenny postage, and ex- pressed approval of the arrangements respecting the magazine, and of Mr. Curtis having been ap- pointed editor. They recommended that Corre- sponding Secretary Collins should be repaid the £92 he had expended for assistance, but expressed surprise that the directors, to whom the office arrangements had repeatedly been referred, had avoided this subject. They suggested some arrangement which would obviate this distasteful question constantly arising. They were gratified by the prospect of the litigation with the Studley District, Warwickshire, terminating speedily. A fair compromise had been effected with the Archer Lodge, and the Gloucestershire Banking Company had abandoned the action they commenced against the directors.Theupplication of the Brunswick Lodge for the return of the money forfeited to the Unity demanded the exercise of great care to prevent the punishment justly inflicted for violating the laws of the Unity being improperly lessened. They were of opinion that the application of a member of the Studley District for some compensation for the loss he sustained by having remained loyal to the Unity had better be inquired into and dealt with by the directors. They counselled the greatest caution in taking any proceedings against the Bootle Corporation respecting the fictitious bonds on which the Britannia Lodge, South- ampton, advanced £800, They concurred in the reluctance expressed by the directors re- specting the engaging in litigation excspt where important and vital principles were involved. They called attention to the desirableness of adopt- ing the new form of treasurers' bonds, and con- cluded by expressing an opinion that the directors deserved the thanks of the Unity for the efficient discharge of their important duties.—The first six clauses evoked no material comment, but conside- rable discussion ensued respecting the charges for extra assistance in the Central Offices.—Mr. Pow- nall, referring to the action of the directors, stated that the duties were still in a transitional state, and Deputy Grand Master Wollestein defended the action of his colleagues, but said Mr. Collins was the servant of the Unity, and could best explain bis Requirements.—Mr. Collins stated that sines bia appointment 60,000 members had joined the Order, I and he had last year paid JE150 for assistance. The registration of rules, the valuation, and the publi- cation of the magazine monthly had doubled the duties of his office.—The rest of the report was passed without discussion.—Mr. Bromley, Port Natal, asked for the ruling of the Grand Master as to the status of Colonial delegates. The previous day objection was taken to one speaking.—The Grand Master replied that, no objection having been taken to them, they were part of the meeting.—Mr. Vaughan explained that his objection was merely to Colonial delegates speaking respecting Unity expenses to which the Colonies did not contribute. —Mr. Bromley pressed for a decision respecting the future standing of Colonial delegates, and the Grand Master said they would be informed by the directors before they were again invited to attend. —The directors' report was next considered, but the important questions of levies to funeral funds and appropriation of surplus interest were postponed.—Mr. Watson, the Unity Valuer, in a forcible speech, pointed out the consequences ot the 94 lodges not making returns for valua- tions of assets and liabilities, and 72 districts not applying to the Friendly Societies' offices for exemption from the valuation of funeral funds by reason of the uncertainty cf the con- tributors. The penalty would be the forfeiture of the high encomiums pronounced on the society and its management by Government officials.—It was decided that all lodges which failed to furnish the requisite particulars for valuation by the end of June should be suspended.—The meeting then adjourned, and the delegates visited Windsor and were shown through the Castle State apartments, Albert Memorial Chapel, and the Royal Mews.

MR. W. F. MAITLANDI M.P., AT BUILTH. SPEECH ON POLITICAL MATTERS. A meeting of farmers and others was held at the Assembly-rooms, Builth, on Monday, to hear an address from Mr. W. F. Maitland, one of the county members. Mr. Williams Vaughan presided, and there were several leading Liberals of the district on the platform, amongst whom were Dr. Herring, Mr. Hugh Thomas, the Revs. R. Evans, — Beynon, &c. The CHAIRMAN having opened the meeting called upon Mr. MAITLAND, who expressed the pleasure he experienced at meeting his constituents once more, and passed on to refer to the Agricultural Compensation Act. What they wanted farmers to know was upon what principle com- pensation would be given them for improve- ments made upon their farms. The outgoing tenant was entitled to receive the sum which fairly represented the value of the improvement to the incoming tenant and the value of the improvement at the time the valuation was made. It was said the Act would prove inefficient, that there were many ways of evading its provisions. He would, however, undertake to say that a way to evade it would be excessively difficult to be found. It was also said that the landlords could force upon their tenants agreements which would deprive them of the benefit of the Act; but the persons who I said so seemed to have forgotten that there was in the Act a clause which said that if such aun arrangement be not fair and reasonable it could be set aside by a court of law; and therefore, if landlords were to attempt to force upon their tenaqts agreements which would not give them fair and reasonable compensation, such agree- ments would not stand for one moment before a court of law. No doubt when the Act would be first put into operation it would be somewhat difficult to see exactly how it wouid work, and it was very probable that before those who were interested in the measure were able to perceive clearly the working of it cases on the point would be taken into courts of law. He must say he should strongly recommend any tenant, whose landlord attempted to force any un- reasonable or unfair agreement upon him, to take the case into a court of law, for, by so doing, be would not only insist upon his own rights, but would confer a great boon upon others by bringing about a decision on a point which was the cause of much difficulty and perplexity to some persons at present. He wished to say he thought it was not desirable for tenant farmers to accept this measure as a fair and reasonable concession to their just claims, for lie thought that if the tenant farmers were to carry their demands to what landlords must consider an unfair or unreasonable extent they would be doing an injustice to themselves, for the landlords would probably take a considerable portion of the estate into their own hands. Whether that would result in good or evil he could not say; but he, for one, did not wish to see it, as far as the class of tenant farming was concerned, it would be most injurious to them. He wished them, as agriculturalists, to understand this measure, which, he believed, would, in the course of time, be of such enormous advantage to them. Passing on to notice the Franchise Extension Bill, he said he did not propose to discuss the question whether the extension of the franchise was desir- able or undesirable, because that was a question of the past. They had left the shore, and were in the middle of the stream, and there was now one thing they should most undoubtedly desire, not to stop, nor slacken speed, till they reached the opposite shore. The Bill would pass through the Com- mons in a few weeks from the present time. He had heard upon good authority that the House of Lords were likely to reject the measure when it was sent up to them, and he should like to examine the grounds they would go upon in doing this. They would remember that a few months ago it was doubted, not only by members ot the Conser- vative party but by some of the Liberal party, whether Ireland should be included in the measure, but the great majority of 190 in the House of Com- mons in favour of its inclusion was clear and in- disputable evidence of the opinion of the House upon the point. It was stated that the House of Lords would reject the measure on the ground of its being extended to Ireland,but it was extremely un- likely at that momentthat a majority of the Houseof Lords would venture to take that course after the expression of opinion from the House of Commons. The only ground left for its rejection would be that the Franchise Bill was not accompanied by a Bill for the Redistribution of Seats. He was willing to admit that tbere was a great deal to be said in favour of that view, fcssfc he could see no reason why, if the House ot Lords should reject the Fran- chise Bill, Parliament should be dissolved, for the Franchise Bill would probably pass next session, when the complaint as to redistribution of seats would be cut from under the feet of the Lords. When they considered that the Government had expressed their earnest desire to follow up the Franchise Bill with a Bill for the Redistribution of Seats, he thought there was some reason for asking them, before one portion of the scheme was put into operation, that the whole scheme should be completed. He thought it most desirable that the question of reform should be settled by the present Parliament; but unless some concessions were made to the claim that the whole scheme should be complete he thought it was extremely likely that the House of Lords would force a dis- solution, and that, he thought, would be a most unfortunate and disastrous event. He quite recog- nised the desirability of carrying a Redistribution Bill. Referring to a recent speech by Mr. Glad- stone, Mr. Maitland said the hon. gentleman had been severely attacked, not only by the Conserva- tive party but also by many of his friends, because he stated that, in considering how many members had been left to Ireland, it was his own opinion that the present number should not be reduced. The accusation had been made against Mr. Glad- stone that in making that statement he had his eye upon the Irish vote, and we should not be dealing out the same measure of benefit to Ireland as to England, but giving her more than her fair share; that we should be making a distinction between the two countries to the advantage of the less loyal That argument would be all right if Mr. Gladstone had expressed a desire to Jiave equal electoral districts. He had not done so; but had stated that the members allotted would vary considerably. He thought it would be found that the censures and criticisms they heard to-day would soon vanish away like many others, which had as little foundation in fairness or good sense. Alluding to local politics, Mr. Maitland said he heard there had been formed in Builth a Conser- vative Working Men's Association. He was glad to find such political activity among them, and hoped the society would disseminate much infor- mation. He had no doubt that that great width of mind and inherent love of fair-play which were characteristic of the Conservative party would enable them to provide for reading newspapers and periodicals of other than Conservative colours. He hoped also that they would shortly form a Liberal Working Men's Association. (Cheers.) In con- clusion, Mr. Maitland said a rumour had gone abroad that he was no longer a Liberal candidate for Breconshire. He did not know what had pro- duced that feeble and abortive plant, but he asked them to consider it totally eradicated, and that he was ready to do battle for the Liberal cause in Breconshire and meet Mr. Morgan in honourable rivalry whenever the occasion arose. (Loud cheers.) Dr. HERRING proposed "That this meeting is of opinion that Mr. Maitland, our present member, is in every way worthy of our confidence as member of Parliament for the county of Brecon; and, fur- ther, that this meeting pledges itself to do every- thing in its power to secure his return should there be a dissolution of Parliament." Dr. Herring remarked that the Government had been called a Government of Expectations. Sir Stafford North- cote had said those expectations had disappeared. He agreed with him. They. were gone, and they now had in their place realities and accomplished facts. (Cheers.) He believed that, though Ireland was now calm, there was a storm brewing which must break in a few years, and it was only to he hoped they would have such a Minister as Mr. Gladstone to deal with it. The Egyptian War was caused by the grinding down of the Egyptians, so that they could not pay their taxes, and it was finished in the best way-a short and decisive one. He believed order would soon be restored out of chaos in the Soudan. The Rev. Mr. BEYNON said it was quite evident they were on the eve of a struggle. The vote of censure recently introduced and the way both parties were gathering their forces about them showed that. He was afraid that nothing what- ever was being done in regard to Liberal organisa- tion in that part of the country, and he thought a commencement should be made. The Rev. R. EVANS supported the resolution, which was carried unanimously. Mr. HUGH V. THOMAS proposed a vote of thanks to the chairman, which was seconded and carried. The proceedings then terminated.

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LIBERALISM IN MONMOUTHSHIRE. I MR. C. M. WARMINGTON, Q.C., AT ABER- CARN. SPEECH ON THE FRANCHISE BILL. Mr. C. M. Warmington, Q.C., one of the can- didates selected by the Monmouthshire Liberal Association to contest the county at the next election, addressed a meeting on Wednesday at the Cambrian Theatre, Abercarn. Mr. M. W. Moggridge presided, and among those present were —Mrs. Warmington, Mrs. Moggridge, and Miss Gifford; the Rev. E. E. Probert, Abercarne; the Rev. G, Watson, Abercarn; the Rev. T. Lewis, Risca; Mr. A. J. David, of the Oxford Circuit; Messrs. R. J. Morgan, Maesycwmmer; E. Evans, Maesycwmmer J. Williams, Ynysddu; R. Jones, Abercarn D. Bowen, Abercarn C. M. Bailhache, Newport; E. Grove, Ebbw Vale; and Mark Lewis, Liberal agent, Tredegar. The audience numbered altogether between 200 and 300 persons. The CHAIRMAN, after a few prefatory remarks, proposed That this meeting gives a hearty wel- come to Mr. Warmington, one of the Liberal candi- dates for this county, and pledges itself to use every effort to secure his return." (Applause.) Mr. Warmington's name, he went on, was well known, and his worth was universally appreciated. He fought the county at the last election with pluck and energy, which had been everywhere re- cognised. (Hear, hear.) As far As he (the Chairman) could see, the people of Monmouthshire were de- termined that that battle should not be fought a second time in vain, and that Mr. Warmington and another Liberal candidate with him should be carried at the head of the poll at the next, election. (Applause.) They wanted to return two Liberals for Monmouthshire—(hear, hear)—and when they got the new Franchise Bill there was no doubt they would be able, to do it. He believed they could do it on the present register. Mr. Hughes (Maesycwmmer) seconded the motion, which was supported by the Rev. E. E. Probert, Mr. D. Bowen. and Mr. Grove (Ebbw Vale). Mr. Bowen suggested Mr. Thomas Beynon, Newport, as a second Liberal candidate for the county. The resolution was then put to the meeting and carried unanimously. The Rev. T. LKWIS moved, That this meeting has full confidence in the present Government, and, trusting that no effort will be spared to pass into jaw the Franchise Bill now before the House of Commons, protests against the obstruction with which its efforts to Secure wise legislation teve been met." Mr. WARMINGTON, Q.C., who was loudly applauded on rising, seconded the proposition. Having criticised some recent speeches of the Marquess of Salisbury and Sir Stafford Northcote, he proceeded to speak on the question of extending the county franchise, which, he asserted, was a me3sure of national importance, seeing that it would add two millions to the three millions of electors already in the country. Consider, he went on, what the measure would mean in this county. There were now some 8,000 voters in Monmouthshire, whereas, if the Franchise Bill passed, there would be between 20,000 and 23,000. Even in the parish in which he was now standing, instead of the few now entitled to record their Votes, there would be about a. thousand. He thought they would agree with him that this was a large measure of Imperial importance. (Hear, hear.; How was it that these large numbers had been kept so long without the pale of the Consti- tution ? The answer was that the Tories objected and did still object. He did not deny that the Tories had a right to object, but he was sure that as soon as the nation needed the extension of the franchise the nation would over-rule that objec- tion, and he was not afraid to say that the nation required now that this objection should be at once and for ever over-ruied. (Applause.) Mr. Warmington then set himself to answer the objections made to the measure. The first objection, he went on, was that the people who were about to be enfranchised were unfit to vote. That objection only held good, if it held good at all, in a very modified" degree, because the men who in 1867—much against their will, he granted —enfranchised the working classes in the boroughs could not object to enfranchise them in the counties. (Hear, hear.) There was no reason why if working men in boroughs were fit to dis- charge the duties of citizenship working men in counties should be regarded as unfit. That objection could only hold good with regard to the agricultural labourers. He must admit that the Tories had a right to object to the agricultural labourers as unfit for the franchise. The Tories, backed too often by the parish clergy and the squire, had had the nursing of the agricultural labourer for centuries, and they certainly ought to know whether or not he was unfit to vote. (Laughter and applause.) And if he really was unfit to vote was it not right that he should have a change with respect to his political education ? The times had changed. The Dissenting minister was now not altogether unknown in country districts. School Boards had been started, the Agricultural Labourers' Union flourished, and cheap literature was disseminated, and under these altered circum- stances he (Mr. Warmington) altogether denied that the agricultural labourer was at the present moment unlit to possess the franchise. It might be said that if he was enfranchised he would probably vote for the Conservatives, but that wa.s no objection. He had a perfect right to think for himself. The next objection was that the time was altlJgether unsuited to the passiugof a Franchise Bill. The Tories did not object to reform in the abstract—nobody ever did object to abstract virtue—but'only to putting it into practice. (Hear, hear.) This plea of "a more convenient season" was dishonest. It meant simply this: "We won't do it, but we haven't the courage to say so, and so we ask you to wait." The third objection to the measure was that it included Ireland. Now there, he thought, there might be some reason for the wavering of the Tories, but he was bound to say that his earnest conviction was that this country would not accept ny Reform Bill from which Ireland was excluded. To exclude Ireland would be to give the lie to the course of legislation which in future ages would redound to the honour of Mr. Gladstone more than anything else he had ever done. At this juncture, after having passed so many remedial measures for Ireland, to say "You shall be excluded from the benefits we art going to confer upon your sister kingdoms" would be to inflict an injury upon that country from which the United Kingdom would suffer until this generation should have passed away. (Hear, hear.) He was quite certain that the only mode by which the difficulties in Ireland could be met was that a generous equality should be established between the three kingdoms. They should be not in name only, but in law, in sentiment, and in hope and aspiration, an United Kingdom. To have excluded Ireland from the Reform Bill would have been to keep alive a feeling of hatred which the Liberals had been trying to kill for the last 60 years. (Applause.) The fourth objection was that the people did not want the Bill, but the fact that the general election of 1880 turned upon this very thing was a sufficient answer to that objection. Assuming that the Bill passed, it would make a man of the despised agricultural labourer. The people ought to be able to give a more direct voice upon questions affecting the interests of capital and labour, upon Friendly Society legislation, and upon such measures as the Employers' Liability Act. than they could give now, and the extension of the franchise would give them this power. (Applause.) Mr. Warmington concluded his speech by pro- nouncing a strong panegyric upon the Liberal Government. The motion was carried unanimously. Mr. WARMINGTON, replying to questions put by members of the audience, said he regarded the Bankruptcy Act as a great measure, which had been passed through the efforts of Mr. Cuamber- lain. It had its weak points, but upon the whole it was a good Act. He thought it would be found that the administration of bankrupts' estates would be much less expensive unuer the new Act than under the old. (Applause.) Licensing he believed to be one of the most pressing questions of the day. It was a question upon which the working classes ought to be heard more directly than they had yet been heard. The chief thing to consider was how the licensing laws affected the habits and charac- ter of the working classes, and from that point of view the question had yet to be regarded in the House of Commons. (Hear, hear.) He did not believe a satisfactory measure would be passed in the House of Commons ag it was at present con- stituted. There were reforms needed. The rate- payers of a district should have a voice in saying how many public-houses there should be in that district. That was a question which the people would have to be consulted about, and in order to enable them to express their views more power than they now possessed would have to be given them. The county magistrates, who were appointed by the Lord-Lieutenant, and in whose appointment the people had no voice, were not the right persons to have the power of licensing. (Applause.) Sunday Closing was, in his opinion, a much more difficult thing to deal with than it was represented to be. He was against making one law for one county and another law for another county. The result of that would be to make a band of drunkenness around one par- ticular district. He thought it would be better to try and agitate for a general Act such as Ireland had got rather than deal with the matter piece- meal. (Hear, hear.) There would be considerable danger in the latter course. He was in favour of a general movement with regard to Sunday Closing. (Applause.) Votes of thanks to the chairman for presiding, and to Mr. Noakes for the use of his Theatre, brought the proceedings to a close. Meetings were held at Pontypool on Thursday and at Pontnewydd on Friday nights.

AN EPISODE IN THE LIFE OF COUNT VON MOLTKE. The Danish Military Journal publishes the resig- nation sent to Frederick VI. by General von Moltke, then sub-lieutenant in the Danish army, when about to enter the Prussian service. It runs thus I venture to lay before your Majesty my humble petition for a gracious dismissal from the Danish military service. Having the prospect of finding a position in the Prussian army, and believing that I shall make quicker progress there than in my present situation, and enjoy the support of my family, of which I have hitherto been deprived, I have good cause to desire the transference, although it is with great reluctance that I quit the Danish service and the country which is so happy under your Majesty's sceptre. I venture to add to this my humble petition a further request for the payment of three months' salary to defray the expenses of my journey, which, in my present circumstances, weigh heavily on me. Trusting to the fatherly care of your Majesty for each of your subjects, I hope for a gracious acceptance of my resignation. May I find opportunities of employing the knowledge I have taken care to acquire during my foreign service to the benefit of my Fatherland and of your Majesty, —Your Majesty's humble servant, VON MOLTKE. Second Lieutenant in the Oldenburg Infantry Regiment. Altona, December 25,1821."

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THE LATE DEAN OF BANGOR. FUNERAL SERVICE AT BANGOR CATHEDRAL. A sermon in memoriam of the late Dean of Bangor was preached on Sunday in Bangor Cathe- dral by the Rev. Evan Lewis, M.A., rector of Dol- gelly, the canon in residence. It had been origi- nally arranged that, in compliance with the desire of the family, the sermon should be preached by Canon Richardson, rector of Corwen, a very inti- mate friend of the late Dean Edwards, but previous engagements prevented the carrying out of that arrangement. There was a very large congregation, of which the members were a dressed in deep mourning. The stall of the late Dean had upon it a number of magnificent floral I wreaths and crosses sent by sorrowing friends and relatives. The anthem was God is a Spirit," from "The Woman of Samaria." Canon Evan Lewis based an eloquent discourse upon Isaiah xxv., 8. He will swallow up death in victory, and the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces, and the rebuke of His people shall He take away from off the earth, for the Lord hath spoken it." He said how sad, how cleep and inexpressible had been the sorrow caused by the mournful intelligence which had agitated the minds of all by the sudden death of one who was so well known, and so much be- loved and admired. It was enough to say that their hearts had been filled with grief, and that the sympathy all felt towards the friends and relativea of the Dean had been more than words could express. No sooner was the sad event known than kindly words of comiort and sympathy began to pour in upon the distressed and afflicted family from aU parts of the country. Those who, like himself, had known Dean Edwards very intimately felt most keenly and acutely the great and almost irreparable loss which the Church in Bangor had sustained by his death— and not only the Church ia the diocese ot Bangor, but the Church generally, and more especially the Church in Wales. And though they knew that God in His great Providence would always find instruments to do His work, yet it was idle to conceal the feeling that as yet they were unable to see how the whole space occupied by their deceased and lamented brother, and which he filled so well in the general estimation of the nation, could be adequately filled up. The Church very wisely taught us to be silent respecting the condition of the dead. She assured us that all those who have departed from this life in the true faith of His holy name will have that perfect and complete consummation of b1iss in eternal and everlasting glory. But of individuals she said nothing positive or definite. She was content with expressing a hope. She committed the body to the ground in sure and certain hope of the resurrection to eternal life through our Lord Jesus Christ." She directed us to give hearty thanks to God "that it hath pleased Him to deliver this our brother out of the miseries of this sinful world," and to pray that when we depart this life we may rest in Him as our hepe is this our brother doth." Of the con- dition of any she is silent, leaving all judgment to One alnne. Again, with I'eg-ard to the mode of any individual or particular death it should be their wisdom to keep silence. We do not know, we cannot conceive the internal struggles which the mind may have long endured and strove manfully to battle against; how it may have oscil- lated on one side or the other; how the temptation, alas became stronger gradually, and the reasoning faculties more feeble, until at last, under the overpowering influence of some dark spell, the reason gave way, and then all was OVer. We could not realise the terrible agony of mind through which such a one must have passed, or how long that agony endured before the final de- termination was adopted. God, and He alone, knew all, and He, and He alone, would judge a rightaous judgment. Where the reason, which directed human conduct, was unseated from its throne; where the understanding was shrouded in thick darkness, and the will left with- out a guide—such a case was lamented as a terrible misfortune a.nd a deep affliction; and if an act then ensued which was to be deeply deplored, still they must hope and pray that God in His infinite mercy looked upon the soul, not as it was at that supreme moment when it passed into another world, but as it had been on the day of health, strength, and happiness, when it loved and worked for God and His Church here upon earth. This was their chief comfort when their thoughts reverted to that departed brother who, in that pulpit, had proclaimed so faithfully and eloquently the sacred truths of the Gospel of Christ. They could only bow in sorrow and humble submission to the will of God. And that sorrow must convey with it a deep lesson. It taught, not only the uncertainty of life itself, but also the uncertainty of the tenure of those faculties by which life is governed and guarded. At the close the Dead March in Saul was played by Dr. Roland Rogers, the cathedral organist. SPECIAL SERVICE AT RUABON. The funeral sermon at Ruabon was preached before a crowded congregation at the Parish Church on Sunday night by the Rev. Thomas Jones, who was a close acquaintance of the Dean. The rev. gentleman selected his text from II. Samuel iii., 38, "There is a great man fallen in Israel." He said they were assembled that night to worship God, and to do homage to the memory of the great man whose lamented death has laden the heart of Wales with anguish too deep to be expressed. Men of all shades of religious and political opinion are agreed that a great man has fallen, and when we ascribe greatness to the late Dean we do not mean the greatness which is pro- duced by rank or wealth, but the great- ness which is produced by a cultured mind and noble heart. It is not because the late Dean occupied a high position in the Church, but because he toiled and studied" for his fellow men, that Wales to-day mourns his loss, and says, There is a great man fallen in Israel." The rev. gentleman went on to say he was great in devo- tion to duty. He loved his sacred office; he was eminently qualified for it, and he deeply felt its responsibility. He threw his whole heart and soul into his sacred work. He eloquently wrote the Gospel, and he eloquently preached the Gospel. His literary products always bore marks of patient industry and toil—nothing careless or slipshod ever left his hands or lip. Again, Dean Edwards was, without doubt, great in piety. No one knew the value of prayer better than he did. Again, he was great in patriotism. Nonconformists as well as Con- formists acknowledge with gratitude tiie efforts he put forth on behalf of his countrymen. His love of Wales was of an exceptional character. Wales was his parish, and his public life was entirely devoted to the religious, moral, intellectual, and social improvement of his countrymen. His eloquent tongue and powerful pen were always ready to advocate any measure or movement for the amelio- ration of the country he so enthusiastically loved. His striking presence used to grace the platform of our Eisteddfodau his voice was often heard denouncing, in vigorous language, the evils of intemperance, and urging his countrymen to live temperate, consistent, and self-denying lives, and so great was his dread of the deadening influence of an education entirely secular that he did all he could to get the Bible introduced into our Day Schools. He desired his countrymen to enjoy not only every religious but every educational advan- tage that the age could afford. No one worked harder than the Dean for the advancement of education in Wales. When it was proposed to have a University College for North Wales he was one of the first to come forward to support it. In a fortnight's time he spoke in support of the scheme at numerous meetings, and was instrumental in obtaining promises of 8ubscriptions to the amount of £ 6.000. His name will be honoured by many generations yet unborn as one of the most generous and warm-hearted patriots that Wales ever produced. Again, he was great in Israel. He was not only great in Wales, but in Israel; he was great in the Church in Wales. No readier, abler, or firmer supporter of the Church in Wales ever lived; his honest principles gained for him the warm admira- tion even of those who differed from him. No one deplored more than he did the many divi- sions by which Wales is rent; he longed to see the Church regain its old position in the heart of the Weish nation; he longed to see its pulpits occupied by men of God, men of prayer, men of heart, men, in short, determined to know nothing save Jesus Christ and Him crucified. The one object of his life was to see the visible Church embrace all Christian men in obedience to what he believed to be his Divine Master's express command. He sacrificed his life in endeavouring to promote unity of aim, unity of spirit, and unity of effort. Let them hope and pray that the day may soon dawn wmn our present miserable strife and bigotry shall die and rise no more; and when we shall as a nation worship under one roof and be made one fold under one Shepherd—Jesus Christ our Lord. THE LATE DEAN AND MR. GLADSTONE. The late Dean (Edwards) of Bangor (says Vanity Fair) was one of Mr. Gladstone's intimate friends, and for many years past he had been a fre- quent visitor at Hawarden. When the See of Llan- daff became vacant, about eighteen months ago, the name of Dean Edwards was to have been sent up to the Queen, but it was privately represented to the Prime Minister that it would be cruelty to appoint the famous Dean, whose health was then impaired by the effects of an illness from which, as it turned out, he was never to recover. The vacant deanery does not fall to the Crown, but is in the gift of the Bishop of Bangor. It is worth £700 a year, with a house. CADOXTON-JUXT 4-NKATH. At the morning service at the Parish Church on Sunday, the vicar (the Rev. Lewis Jones) referred in feeling terms to the death of the Dean of Bangor. He said that the Church, in Wales especially, had suffered an irreparable loss, and that to everything tending to the temporal or spiritual welfare of his fellow countrymen the Dean had given his zealous attention and great talents with the most unselfish devotion. THE LLYCET ON THE CASE OF THE LATE DEAN. The circumstances attending the death of the Dean of Bangor—albeit they are infinitely dis- tressing—present no novel features. The reverend gentleman was a man of considerable intellectual "power," which is the same thing as saying that he was constitutionally liable to intervals of mental depression. All highly intellectual men are ex- posed to this evil. A pendulum will always swing just as far in one direction as it does in the other. Great power of mind implies also great weak- ness under certain conditions. The marvel is not that great mIDds occasionally become deranged, but that they so often escape derangement. Sleep- lessness means not merely unrest, but starvation of the cerebrum. The brain cannot recuperate, or, in other words, it cannot rest. Physiologically, recuperation and rest are the same thing. Sleep is simply physiological rest. The only cause for regret in these cases is that the blunder should ever be committed of supposing that a stupefying drug which throws the brain into a condition that mimics and burlesques sleep can do good. It is deception to give narcotics in a case of this type. The stupor simply masks the danger. Better far let. the insomnioua patient exnaust himselt than stupery mm. uniorai, bromide, and the rest of the poisons that produce a semblance of sleep are so many snares in such cases. Sleeplessness is a malady of the most for- midable character, but it is not to be treated by intoxicating the organ upon which the stress of the trouble falls. Suicide which occurs at the very outset of derangement, and is apt to appear a sane act, is the logical issue of failure of nutrition that results from want of sleep. It is curious to note how a sleepless patient will set to work with all the calmness and forethought of intelligent sanity to compass his death. He is not insane in any technical sense. He has no delusion. He does not act, or suppose himself to act, under an in- fluence." He simply wants to die, and, perhaps, not until after he has made an attempt to kill himself will he exhibit any of the formulated symptoms of mental disease. We have been requested to insert the following letter, which was sent to the Bishop of Bangor :— 12, G-rosvenor-terrace, Bootham, York, May 8, 188, Church of England Working Men's Society, York Branch. My Lord Bishop,—May I take the liberty of asking you to forward the folJowiug resolution, which wa5 passed at a meeting of the above branch held in tht" Friendly Societies Hall, Castlegate, to the relatives of the late Dean of Bangor. The resolution is, "That the York Branch of the Church nf England Working Men's Society desire to express to the relatives of the late Dean of Bangor their deepest sympathy in the heavy loss they have sustained.I remain, my Lorl: Bisnop, yours faithfully, E. P. HOLMES. Hon. See. LETTER OF SYMPATHY FROM MR. LEWIS MORRIS. j The brother of the late Dean Edwards, of Bangor (the Rev. E. W. Edwards, vicar of Ruabon), has received the following letter from Mr. Lewis Morris, author of the "Epic of Hades." Mr. Morris writes as follows:—"Reform Club. Pall Mall, London. Dear Mr. Edwards,—I hope you will not consider that I am too late in saying a word of the great regard in which I held your brother. I could not write before. I had seen much of him during the last seven years or more, and had formed the highest possible opinion of his great abilities, of his high character and unceasing devotion to the work ot his noble calling, and of the absolute self-sacrifice and sanctity of his most laborious life. It is not only the Church in Wales, but the national interests which have suffered by his loss; and, differing from him as I did on many points of details, I had looked forward to working with him on many movements for the benefit and advancement of Wales. Of the sweetness of his character, and his great apprecia- tion of every good quality in his friends, I like to think with a tender regret, now that his valuable life is lost to us through the mysterious dispensation under which you are now grieving. I doubt if it was possible for anyone to bear him ill-will, and I am sure that few men in our genera- tion have so many attached and enduring friends. With real and siucere sympathy, believe me yours very sincerely, LEWIS MORRIS. The Rev. E. W. Edwards." The Rev. Mr. Edwards and his family have left Ruabon Vicarage for Folkestone, on the south coast, for relaxation and change of scene.

NORTH "WALES COLLEGE. APPOINTMENT OF THE STAFF. An important meeting of the Council of the North Wales University College was held at Chester on Wednesday evening, and occupied four hours. Colonel the Hon. Sackville West presided, and there were also present, among other governors—Mr. Rathbone, M.P., vice-chairman; Earl Powis, pre- sident of the Court of Governors Mr. Osborne Mor- gan, M.P., and Mr. Richard Davies, M.P., vice-presi- dents; Mr. John Roberts.M.P., treasurer; Sir Robert Cunliffe. Bart., M.P., Captain Verney. Rev. Herbert Evans, Principal Reichel, Professor Rhys, and Mr. Cadwaladr Davies, secretary. The Rev. HERBER EVANS (Congregationalist), Car- narvon,then moved" that the members of the Coun- cil of the University College of North Wales desire to record their profound sense of the national loss sustained by the Principality through the lamented death of their esteemed colleague the Very Rev. the Dean of Bangor, whose distinguished abilities, lofty character, and powerful advocacy of all movements calculated to further the moral and intellectual advancement of his native countiy will give his name a lasting place in the memory and affections of the Welsh people." In the course of an eloquent tribute to the memory of Dean Edwards, the rev. gentleman read extracts from a letter he received from the Dean, dated Genoa, February* 11, in which he said, I did more work last year with a frame debilitated by fever than 1 had a right to do, and at last nature told me that if I did not give her lest she would strike." Earl Powis seconded the resolution, which was put to the governors, and carried in silence. Mr. OSBORNE MORGAN then brought up the report of the Staff Committee, and the following appoint- ments were made:- Logic, Philosophy, and Political Economy: Mr. Henry Jones, M.A. Chemistry and Geology Mr. J. D. Dobbie, M.A., D.S.C., Glasgow University. Classics: Mr. W. Rhys Roberts, M.A., Cambridge University. Mathematics: Mr. Ballard Matthews, Senior Wrangler, Cambridge University. Physics: Mr. A. Gray, Glasgow University. Mr. RATHBONE, M.P., then announced that Lord Penrhyn, whose liberal aid had done so much for the College already, would give this year two scholarships of the annual value of £50 each, tenable for three years, to be competed for at once. Mr. J. Roberts, M.P., their treasurer, would give a similar scholarship also for this year Mr. Richard Davies, M.P., anotiier, and he (Mr. Rathbone) would ask to be allowed to give two. (Cheers.) Mr. John Roberts would also give a scholarship for 1885, and he (Mr. Rathbone) would also have much pleasure in giving two more. (Renewed cheers.) The Finance Committee of the College would also offer scholarships out of the funds of the institution to an amount not exceeding that offered by the South Wales College. Mr. Rathbone concluded by moving the appoint- ment of a committee of eighteen gentlemen to confer with representatives from Aberystwith, Cardiff, and Lampeter Colleges as to what steps should be taken to complete the system of educa- tion in the Principality in the direction suggested in the report of the Departmental Committee. The General Purposes Committee was instructed to make all arrangements for the opening of the College in December next. This concluded the business.

BATH AND WEST OF ENGLAND SOCIETY. THE MAIDSTONE SHOW. A fine, but by no means brilliant, morning greeted the holiday folk at Maidstone on Monday The wind was light, the temperature keen, and the sky half sullen, half relenting as the gates of the Bath and West of England show ground were thrown open. No rain fell, and the weather may be described by saying that, as the climate of England stands, one might well have expected a worse day, both for business and pleasure. The judges commenced punctually at ten o'clock, and before the afternoon was very far advanced they had got on towards the end of their labours. They had before them a very fine, but not the largest. collection of live stock ever seen at a Bath and West of England Society's shew. The agricul- tural horse classes are unaccountably light, nor is thewant of numbers made up in quality. The hunters and hacks, again, were not strong; but some tine and showy animals were stalled. In cattle, the Devons have the place of honour in the society's cata- logue. The entries run up to nearly one hundred, most of which belong to the south-western dis- trict of the island. Of these useful and beautiful cattle not a few of the prizes go to Somerset. The firss and second for aged bulls go to Mr. Henry Aldei, of Lewdown, Devon but in the next class, fort wo-year-olds.Mr. Farthing and Mr. A. C. Skinner, of Bishop's Lydeard, Somerset, take the prizes. The female classes were so good that tne judges commended them en bloc. The shorthorns were a small lot. The first and second prizes go to Mr. Rowley, of Doncaster, and Mr. Handley of Meln- thorp, Westmoreland, who also carried off the first for a yearling bull. The heifers were a miscel- laneous lot, gathered from all points of the com- pass. Herefords are a small entry, but good in quality. The Earl of Coventry and Mr. J. H. Arkwright take first and second prizes for aged bulls with" Good Boy" and "Rose Cross respectively. In the two-year-old class the Earl of Coventry is second with Mr. Consu! Mr. Hughes, of Wintercott, Leominster, taking the first prize with Wash- ington." The Earl of Coventry was also beaten in the class for cows, his Rarity" only obtaining a commendation, the priae going to a cow bred by the late Mr. W. Taylor, and exhi- bited by Mr. H. W. Taylor, of Ledbury, Rosa. mond the second to Mr. R. W. Hall, of Leomin- ster. Mr. Taylor was again first in the yearling class with "Vanity 7th," and the Earl of Coventry second with Fium Jam." The Sus- sex cattle are well represented. The Channel Islands cattle are strong as usual at the Bath and West of England Show. In the class for bulls, the Duke of Edinburgh, who is a resident of Kent, is second with Baron (373), the first prize going to the Dowager Lady Howard de Walker. In the next class, two-year-olds, the prizes go to Mr. Simpson, of Reigate, for Professor," and the second to Mr. Allender, of Roehampton, Surrey. Lord Poltemore is highly commended in the same class for Baron Cicero." Sheep are good and strong, though not la.rge. The Leicesters and Cotswolds are small entries. In the latter Mr. Gillett. of Faringdon, Oxfordshire, is beaten by Mr. Jacobs, of Durford, in that county. The Kentish or Romney Marsh breed are not so numerous as might be expected. In the South Downs, I the Prince of Wales is beaten in the two shear ram classes by Mr. Chapman, of Stonehouse, Gloucester, and again in the shearling ram class. His Royal Highness, how- ever, secured the prize for five shearling ewes, beating the Duke of Edinburgh, the Earl of Darnlev, and some local exhibitors. In Shropshires Lord Chesham oDtained first and second for shearling rams; second for pen of five shearling rams. The Somerset and Dorset horned sheep are but sparingly shown. Mr. H. Farthing, of Thurloxton, Taunton, is first and second with shearling rams, and also with two sheer rams. Pigs do not fill well. Five of the classss show no entry, and several of the others are very light. There is a fine show of Kent and Sussex hogs, and the poultry is the largest the society has ever had. A flower show and an industrial and fine art exhi- bition are also on the ground. The ground was thronged on Monday by holiday-makers. The entrance fee of 2s. 6d. does not appear to have deterred the working men of Kent, who appear to be a very prosperous class. The show of machinery, and especially of machinery in motion, ia very large, and proves highly attractive.

THE RECTOR OF MERTHYR AN GIRALDUS." TO THE EDITOR OF THB WEEKLY KUL." SIR,—There have been several letters of late i the Western Mail appealing on behalf of the we!& known Welsh writer, Giraldus." One does so pointedly to me by name. 1 answer it, with aJI my heart. I have known Giraldus as a writer for nearly forty years. And I can without hesita- tion say that no man, except Brutus," has served the Church in Wales like him. In the old Cardif and "J/uthyr Guardian, in the Carmarthen Journal, in the Cymro, the Haul, the Eylicysydd, the DytDYW yaeth, and even the Lian "Giraldus" has been always busy on behalf of the Church in one way and anothec besides numerous pamphlets published and circus lated by himself, free of all expense. The great Thirl wall always commended his articles, and for many years, to the day of his death, sent him every yea* JE3 3s., proving how pinched, even when in health with a family, he always has been. And now th& he has been struck by paralysis, the Bishops c Llandaff, Bangor, and St. David's have subscribed £2 2s. each to support him in his illness, besidet writing him letters full of sympathy. The Bishop of St. David's, being himself a famous antiquary, knows well the real value of Giraldus's antiqua i ian knowledge on all Welsh subjects. Sir, I am not aware that we have anywhere in Wales a Blarney stone," as they have in Ireland. But if you really want to know what "blarney" is in all its fruit and essence commend me to the Welsh clergy on the Welsh Church Press, and especially at this present moment, for obvious reasons which I need not refer to here further. But what have they really done for the Welsh Church Press or what has the Welsh Church Press done for them ? Brutus," the greatest writer in the Welsh language, and who single-handed did so much for the clergy and the Welsh Church, the clergy suffered to died a pauper's death, and they gave him a pauper's burial I Look at the Wetter? Mail of this very day, and there you see how th, Corph treat their famous correspondent "Gohe bydd's memory—a very clever man—an old friend of mine—but a man no more to be compared to "Brutus" as to size than David was to Goliath. Thty first of all build a chapel to his memory. They then get the Lord Mayor of London to lay the foundation stone thereof on the 14th of next month, and Mr. Puleston, member for Plymouth. with all the Welsh members then in London, to set off his lordship—be a background for him. They must go. They cannot say nay." For the Corph is a body that has something to say to every single election in Wales, county or borough. This was just the power Gohebydd" himself wielded. I should not wonder if Sir Watkin him- self will be there, wheeled in his Bath chair; and Lord Emlyn, if he wishes to have a* chance for his re-election for Carmarthenshire. Then, when Gohebydd was ill, did they not subscribe, one and all, to send him to Mentone, and keep him there all the winter through—and this for several winters ? But poor old Brutus," what a contrast! He had a pauper's burial and met with a pauper's death. This is the way the Welsh clergy treat their principal Welsh writers. When Brutus was induced to publish selections out of his writings and call them Brutusiana," he tramped North and South Wales—visited every parsonage, you may say, in Wales—the clergy did not contribute enough even to pay the printer. To me who know them so well, it is amusing to read the fus- they make about the Welsh Church Press. The whoie thing is a bogus of the meanest description. The gods can never approve of such efforts. It M no wonder that they fail so lamentably. Look at some of Giraldus's efforts, known to me, aiW let my Camlro-Sacerdotal brethren deny it if they can. From the starting of the I>yicysogaetk in 1873 down to its death two or three years ago Giraldus represented South Wales in its columns, and he did it admirably. But he had no payment whatever except what a few gentlemen sent him by way of encouragement. It is hardly necessary to say they were all laymen and not clergymen. b 1866 he was asked by a gentleman to start a new Church paper in Welsh. He went to the expense himself of issuing the circulars. But the matter dropped, as everything of the kind belonging to the Church of England in Wales does. In 1868, when the election fever was at its height, ana nothing to represent the Church monthly but Haul—"Brut us" was then dead—"Giraldus" printed a.nd distributed at his own expense hundreds of pamphlets in defence of the Church. I should mention par nthetically "Giraldus" is a Tory of the old school, and I am a Radical of the new, there- fore, in tlla t respect we are at issue. But u • collaborateur in journalism, I am indignant that the clergy allow this old veteran to suffer in this way from paralysis unassisted. In reply to your cor- respondent, therefore, I say with all my heart that 1 will be a member of any committee to help Giraldus," and will give, as a first donation, three guineas.—I am, &,r." JOHN GRIFFITH, Rector of Merthyr. [We also shall be happy to contribute three guineas towards a fund raised for the sameobjecti and to receive and acknowledge through the columns of the Western Mail any subscriptions sent us for the Giraldus" testimonial.—ED. W. M,) At a meeting of the Rumney School Board, held on Fridayevening, thefollowing resolution was unani- mously passed:—" That this board heartily approve of the proposal to raise a public testimonial to the master, Mr. John Rowlands ('Giraldus '), wllt had been master of the Board Schools for nearl) six years, during which time he had with con- siderable skill carried on the school to the board's satisfaction and that Colonel Davies be appointed delegate from the board to attend any public meet< ing that may be convened for promoting the testimonial, which the board trust will be brought to a successful issue."

SWANSEA BAY GRAVING DOCK COMP AN y (LIMITED). FAILURE OF THE PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION. The directors of the above company met on Wed. nesday to consider the applications for shares, but, as in their opinion the public had not subscribed sufficient to justify them in allotting, they decided to forthwith return the application money in full. We understand that the undertaking will be carried out by capital privately subscribed.

THE FUTURE COALING PORT FOR THE BRISTOL CHANNEL. The Col/iery Guardian says :—The magnificent scheme laid last week before the Harbour of Refuge Committee by Sir H. Hussey Vivian, M.P., is creating a great deal of interest throughout the whole of the commercial circles of South Wales. Having a few years since been appointed one of the commissioners to examine and report upon the extent and probable duration of the coal measures of South Wales, and being one of thf largest manufacturers in the United Kingdom, Sir Hussey Vivian is eminently qualified to give an opinion upon the question, and that opinion will, doubtless, have considerable weight. The plan propounded by Sir Hussey contemplatei the erection of a breakwater a little to the east of Swansea, enclosing no less than 500 acres of water as a harbour of refuge (in the very centre of 8wansea Bay), and two enormous tidal docks, with a depth of 36 feet of water at the lowest water of the lowest tides, so that the very largest vessel afloat could come in at any state of the tide. When it is remembered that the Bristol Channel has already more than one-sixth of the shipping of the whole of the United Kingdom, and is rapidly increasing, and that the spot in- dicated by Sir Hussey is the natural sea outlet for the coal of the Great Rhondda basin, the national importance of the scheme is at once apparent. Swansea (unlike Cardiff) is built right on the South Wales coal measures, and is surrounded on all sides with coal of the most valuable description, and vessels would be able to take in their bunker coals at any state of the tide and without incurring any of those heavy railway freights which they would have to pay if the harbour of refuge was formed at Milford. Cardiff is now the chief coaling port of the Bristol Channel, but, as Sir Hussey Viviaa pointed out before the Harbour Commissioners, Swansea is 50 miles nearer the open ocean tnan Cardiff, and a vessel can bunker in Swansea, lafth her anchor amidships, and will meet with no dangerous channels, no rocks or shoals, but go in a straight line right on the Atlantic to America. Evidence was given before the Committee ia favour of a harbour of refuge at the Mumbles (Swansea Bayl, also at Lundy Island, but the general opinion, so far as can be ascertained, seems to be greatly in favour of the scheme propounded by Sir Hussey Vivian. Should the harbour of refuge be placed either at the Mumbles or at Lundy it would not be accessible to the coals of the Rhondda and Ystrad Valleys without trans-shipment; whereas the spot indi- cated by Sir H. Vivian is the natural terminus of the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway, now being vigorously pushed forward, and the; whole mining district of South Wales would thos receive a most welcome and much-needed stimulus.

The Medical Profession are IOW ORDERING Cadburv's Cocoa Essence in thouaands 8f OHM, &Ie- cause it contains more nutritious and flesh-forming elements than any other beverage, aad is preferable to the thick, starchy cocoa ordinarily sold. When you ulc for Cadbury's Cocoa Essence bf sure that you cet "t &8 shopkeepers oftea push imitations for the _e of extra profits. Makers t. the uee., Paris pit. 90, Faubeurjt St. Konore. BUZZ—Z—Z—Z. — MATHEB'S Chemical Fur Pxpkks for poisoning Flies. Waspe, Anto, Moaquttma, Ac. Sold by all Chemists, RWUOD^, wid Oilmen, at One Halfpenny each. Twelve Six Stamps. Manufactured only by the Sole Proprietor WILLIAM MATHEB, Dyer-street, Chetter-road, Chester. Established 30 years. 7664c Tmwss. — MEJUUCX'S PATENT SUSPENSION. — N< steel spriags tto bard pads. Faiapblet, with teatl _ai&18, jait fmtt —tr-riU. ruif Briitrii ( 4