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THE AUGUST REA YENS.I

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THE AUGUST REA YENS. I lEy ARTHUR MEE, F.R.A.S.J About ten o'clock any evening early in August or about eight o'clock towards the end of the month the heavens present the appearance indicated in our chart: or, rather, the leading stars appear much as they are there represented. For these monthly dia- grams of ours are merely intended as rough guides by way of introduction to the atlas of which the learner is recommended to possess himself without delay. The Pole Star will be recognised in its usual place: Vega almost overhead, and to east of it the fine group in the constellation Cygnus in the form of a cross. High up in the south-east is Altair; low down m the soutli-west is the constellation of the Scorpion, whilSlt, to west is Arcturus. The Bear is high up in the north-west, Cassiopeia in a corresponding posi- tion in the north-east, whilst, on the northern horizon is Capella and the square of Pegasus due east. These are some of the more bril- liant stars, and constellations with which every reader can familiarise himself. The Milky Way runs high up athwart the eastern heavens from north to south, dividing into two- branches in the constellation Cvcnus. So much for the starry heavens: turn we next to those members of the solar system which are conveniently placed for observa- tion. The Moon is new on the 1st, full on the 16th, new again on the 30th. Mercury and Venus are morning stars: Jupiter;. Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are, to all intents a.nd purposes, invisible. Mars is gradually assuming a favourable position, and from about this time till well on in the autumn will be keenly scrutinised by hun- dreds of telescopes throughout the world. Mars is very far, indeed, from being the largest of the planets; but he is the most earthlike of them all, and; with the excep- _L. tion of the Moon, we view his surface more distinctly than that of any other heavenly body. At the beginning of the month Mars rises soon after ten o'clock in the constella- tion Pisces, where he can be distinguished by his steady light and ruddy tinge. His disc at present is neither round nor large, but it improves daily in both respects, and those who have adequate telescopes should not fail to turn them upon him at every favourable oppor- tunity. Already possessors of great tele- scopes are busily at work, and from Nice M. Perrotin,. the director of the observatory there, announces that on the 28th shining specks were observed close to the terminator, cr lighted portion, of the planet. It is notified that a similar phenomenon was observed at the Lick Observatory in California three weeks ago, and last year at Nice by M. Perrotin himself. Of course, it is not known what these starlike points (each of which cannot be much smaller than Ireland) represent. They may be the tops of snow-covered moun- tains, or auroral displays, or vast volcanic or other conflagrations; or they may be pro- duced by Martian inhabitants, but this latter hypothesis is exceedingly improbable. There is no doubt whatever that each succeeding opposition of the planet will render observers more and more intimately acquainted with its outlines. Already the main features have been mapped', and the details are now being gradually filled in. I hope during the next month or two to be able to give my readers, through the columns of the Evening Express," some views of the planet as seen during the present opposition: meanwhile, no one who has a telescope of at least two or three inches aperture should omit to turn it on the "red planet." whilst those who have instru- ments of four, six, or eight inches and upwards may be certain of delightful views.

A VIENNESE ROMANCE.

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