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. CHEJSTMAS FARE,
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CHEJSTMAS FARE, (By "Gwenynen awynedd: The custom of looking upon the Christmas season as a sooial, as well as religious, festival is a very ancient one. Young and old, high and low, then rejoice together, presents are reciprocated, and special Christmas meats and dishes are provided to be enjoyed by all. The various branches and members of a familj meet together, distant friends try to return home for Christmas, and joy and happiness greatly abound. At one time the festivities appro- priate to Christmas lasted with more or less brilliancy to Candlemas, and with great spirit till Twelfth day but this has latterly been greatly discontinued.and the meetingon Christ- mas ray is the great event to which all look forward. And for those unable of themselves to enjoy the good things so freely lavished at Christmas the kind and philanthropic spirit of the day provides an entertainment, and in many a poor neighbourhood the children, as well as the older people, are feasted and treated to a good and substantial tinner by the united efforts of those who realise that it is more blessed to give than to jeceive. Christmas Day has always in England been kept as a social holiday, on which there is a complete oessation from all business Of late years the day succeeding it has also been made a Bank Holiday, and this enables many persons to travel home and see those friends whom, perhaps, they are unable to meet during the rest of the year. A few recipes for some of the most known and generally accepted oakes, puddings, &o., for Christmas will, doubtless, be acoeptable to readers of The Household." A CHRISTMAS CAKE. Two pounds of sifted flour, 21b, of sifted loaf sugar, 21b. of butter, eighteen cggf, 41b. of current?, ilb. of almonds, blanched and choppad; lib. of ciiron, 111), of candied orange and lemon peel cut thin, one nutmeg grated, Jcz. of ground ol'spice, Joz. of ground cinnamon, mace, ginger, and coriander seed, and one gill of brandy. Put the butter into a stew- pan, work it into a cream with the hand, and mix it with the sugir and spice; break in the eggs by degrees, and beat for twenty minutes; stir in the brandy, then the flour; add the fruit, sweetmeats, and almonds, and mix all together lightly; have ready a hoop eased with paper on a biking plate, put in the mixture, smooth it on the top, bake in a elow oven for four hours or more, and when nearly cold ice it over. To ICE A CHBISTMAS CAM. One pound uf double refined sugar, pounded and sibved; put it into a clean pan, break in the whites of six eggs; beat well with a spattle for ten minutes squeeze in the juice of a lemon, and beat again till it becomes thick and transparent; spread the mixture over the top and sides of the cube as smoothly as possible; colour with cochineal, and put any ornaments desired on the cakO. Sot it by in a cool place to harden. AN EXCELLENT PLUM FCDDIKG. Six ounces of suet chopped fine, 6 z. of Malaga raisins (stoned), 8oz. of currants (washed and picked), 3oz. of fine bread crumbs, 3oz. of flour, three eggs, one-sixth of a. nutmeg, a small blade of maca, a little cinnamon, half a teaspoonful of salt, half a pint of milk, 4oz. of sugar, loz, of candied lemon, and inz. of citron. Beat the eggs and spice welt together, mix the milk with them by degrees, then the rest of the ingredients dip a fine, close linen cloth in boiling water and put it in a hair sieve; flour it, put in the pudding, and tie it up close. Put it into a saucepan containing six quarts of boiling water, keep a kettle of boiling water alongside of it and fill up your pot as it wastes boil for about six hours. Take out the pud- ding and dish it up at once, or keep it tied up in the bag till required. PLUM PUDDING WITHOUT SUET. Simmer half a pint of milk with two blades of mace and a roll of lemon peel for ten minutes; ttrain into a basin beat three eggs in another fcain with 3oz. of Jonf sugar and one-third of a 11 v. tit e2 add 3oz. of.ilour; beat well together, anfl add the milk by degrees; put in 3cz. of frush butter in small pieces, 3oz. of bread crumbs, 3oz, of currants, and 3oz. of raisins; stir all well to- gether butter a mould put in the mixture and -tie a cloth on the top; boil for two and a hxif Lours; servo it up with melted butter, two tablespoonfuls of brandy, and a lit! le loaf sugar. MINCE MEAT. Two pounds of beef suet, chopped fine; 21b. of apple?, pared and cored; 3!b. of currants, washed and picked; IJb. of raisins, stoned and chopped; lib. of moist sugar ilb. of citron, cut thin lib. of candied lemon and orange peel, cut thin two nutmegs grated; loz. of salt; loz. of ginger; laz. of coriander seeds; £ oz. of allspice; Joz, of cloves, all ground fine; the juice of six lemons and their rinds grated; half a pint of brandy; and one pint of white wine. Mix the suet, apples, currants, raisins, and sweetmeots well together in a large pan and strew in the spice by degree a. Mix tho sugar, lemon juice, wine, and brandv, and pour on the other Ingredients and stir all wefl together. Set it by fn a close-covered pan in a cold place. When wanted, etir it up from the bottom and add half a glass of brandy to the quantity required. v MIKCE PIES. Sheet with tart paste as many tin-pans of any siM as required; fill them with the mince meat, and cover with puff paste tin. thick trim round the edges with a kDife; make an aperture at the top with a fork; bake them in a moderate heated oven, and send to table hot, after removing them from the line; strew a little sifted sugar over them. STUFFING FOR ROAST TURKEY. J- Mince lIb, of beef suet, the same weight o bread crumbs, two drachms of parsley leaves, two drachms of grated lemon peel, one onion chopped fine, a little grated nutmeg, pepper and ealt, pound together with the yolk of two eggs, and put it securely into the turkey; make some of the same mixture into balls or small sausages, flour them and fl1 them, and send them up in the dish round the turkey as a garnish. STUFFING FOR BOILED TUBKBY. Take the composition for the roast turkey, and add the soft part of one dozen oysters to it, and a little anchovy. If preferred, a little grated ham or tongue may be used instead of the oysters, If oysters are liked, make also a good oyster sauce, and pour it over the turkey. Serve some u well in a sauce boat.
OTHER CIIKISTMAS RECIPES.
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OTHER CIIKISTMAS RECIPES. By" Dorothy." In place of my usual budget of notes and replies my readers will, perhaps, pardon me if I give a number of recipes specially apropos to the season of Christmastide. I shall endeavour to give only those recipes which I think are not generally known :— MELTED BUTTER SAUCE. In making this always put the butter into a saucepan, and when oiled stir in the flour. Work it smooth, then gradually add the required quan- tity of boiling water. 1 GoosP. SAUCB. Make hot a cupful of port wine or claret, and add a spoonful of made mustard, a little salt and cayenne pepper. Pour the sauce into the bird just before sending it to table. This sauce may be also usrd for ducks, poultry, and roast pork. HOUSEWIFE'S PLUM CAKE. Put 2i'.b. of flour into a basin; add jIb. of 2 castor sugar, lIb. of melted butter, ilb. of currants, itb. of orange peel, 2oz. of carraway seeds,$oz, of ground ginger, and four teaspoonfuls of s°da dissolved in a pint of new milk; bake in hoops. Thtf, though not very artistic, is an easy cake to make. FORCEMEATS. Mix together 6 z. of-hread crumbs, 2oz. of lean ham, 2oz. of butter, 6oz. of finely-shred beef suet, a littlo thyme, parsley, and mace, a pinch of cayenne, the yolks of three eggs, and a dessertspoonful of salt: then add a tablespoonful of milk and twelve drops of essence of lemon. Mix alain, form into balls, and fry in lard, or use as stuffing. PLAIN PLUM CAKE. Mix three teaspoonfuls of baking- powdir into ljib: of floury mix into the flour lib. of good [lard; add half a teaspoonful of ealr, fib. of cur- rants, §lb. of raisins stoned, jib. of castor sugar, 2ozs. of peel cut in small pieces, half a nutmeg, grated. Beat up three eggs with a little flavour- ing; add as much miik as will make all into a nice light dough, Bake in paper hoops in a sound oven. EASILY MADE LEMONADE. At Christmastide there is often experienced the need of a readily made and wholesome temperance drink. I, therefore, give two recipes for lemonade:- Powdered sugar, 41b.; citric or tartaric acid, loz.; essence of lemon, two drachms; mix well. Two or three teaspoonfuls make a very sweet and agreeable glass of extemporaneous lemonade. Slice a lemon thin and put it into a basin with ilb, of loaf sugar and half a teaspoonful of citric acid, lastly pour over all one quart of boiling water; stir till the sugar is dissolved and then allow the syrup to settle. When cold, drink one part lemonade with two of water. PLUM PUDDING GOOD, BUT INEXPENSIVE. Take lib, of raisin?, stoned and cut into two parts l b. of currants, washed and picked 2oz. of mixed candied peel, cut up thin; £ ib. of moist sugar; lib, of bread crumbs, rubbed very fine ilb. of flour; lib. of finely chopped suet; a small carrot grated, a little salt and spice, according to taste; a table- spoonful of treacle; tLree egg0, well beaten and loz. of bitter almonds, blanched (the skins taken off) and cut up small. Mix all together in a pan with milk, quite stiff. A little brandy or a little etout may be added. Put into well-greased basins or mould?, cover with a buttered paper, and tie down firmly with a cloth. Put into boiling water and boil at least eight hours. This pudding is always best when cooked the day before it is wanted. When required to be re-heated for use put it into cold water. The cooked pudding will keep for months. To MAKE A CHRISTMAS CAKE, Hare is an excellent recipe from the December I Ladies' Hbme Journal; it is guaranteed to make a thoroughly satisfactory Christmas cake, proved, always, the directions are carefully followed :—due pound each of sugar, butter, citron, and currants, 21b. of raisins (seeded), l £ lb. of flour, two-thirds of a cup of currant jelly, twelve eggs, one teaspoonful of soda, the same of salt; a dash each of cayenne pepper and black pepper, and one cupful of molasses. Divide the flour into two parts into one part put one teaspoonful of cinna- mon one nutmeg, grated one-fourth teaspoou- ful of clove*, and two-thirds teaspoonful of all- spice. Mix fruit with the other half of flour. Cream the butter and sugar, add the egg?, well beaten; dissolve the soda in warm water, and stir in the molas?es. Mix all well together, and put in pans lined with butter paper. This will make two large loaves. Bake in a moderate oven for two hours. The result is a Christmas cake which will delight the heart of a good housewife and please the palates of those who eat it. SWEETS FOR THE CHILDREN. Children look for something extra in the toffee line at Christmas. I, therefore, give a few reoipes for home-made sweets:- Everton Toffee.—Put |lb. of butter into a sauce- pan, and when it has melted add lib. of moist sugar and lib. of treacle. Boil together for ten minutes, then pour it into a well-greasgd flat dish. Butter-scotch.In making butter-scotch take lib. yellow sugnr, quarter-teaspoonful cream of tartar, 2vz. butter, one teacup water, either a little essence of lemon or ginger to flavour. Put everything in a nice pan, and boil without stirring much till a little dropped in cold water gets hard in a minute. Pour out on a buttered disb, and when nearly cold mark into squares. Cocoanut Candy.-Rasp £ lb. of cocoannt, spread it on a dish, and let it stand for two or three days to get dry. Then beat the fourth pirt of the white of an egg in three-quarters of a pint of water, and pour it on to 21b. of loaf sugar. When it has stood a little time, place it over a very clenr fire and let it boil for a few minute"; then set it on one side till the scum has subsided; clear it off, and boil the sugar till it is very thick and white strew in the nut, and stir continually until it is finished. Take care not to have the pan too close to the fire, as the nut is liable to burn.
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Good News for the Children. I UNCLE WILLIAM has been requested by the Editor of the Weekly Mail to siqyphj A CHRISTMAS HAMPER FOR THE CHILDREN NEXT WEEK. PARTIAL CONTENTS OF THE FIRST HAMPER: "CHRISTMAS IS COMING"—(A Poem). A PEEP AT THE SHOPS." fl WHO IS SANTA CLAUS ? "BUFFALO BILL'S CHRISTMAS WATCH." "SANTA CLAUS AND THE STOCKINGS." "GET THE STOCKINGS READY "-(A Poem). "NOT ALWAYS A STOCKING "-(Christmas Customs in Other Countries). PARLOUR PASTIMES. PRIZE COMPETITIONS. PARTIAL CONTENTS OF THE SECOND HAMPER: "TWO LITTLE STOCKINGS "-(A Poem). "FATHER CHRISTMAS AND SANTA CLAUS. I "SANTA CLAUS AND THE NEWSBOY." nSANfA CLAUS'S MISTAKE." "A GREAT PLUM PUDDING." "THE 'IRON DUKE'S' CHRISTMAS DINNER. MORE PARLOUR PASTIMES. PRIZE COMPETITION ¡ I I
ISCARCELY THE INVENTOR'S NOTION.
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SCARCELY THE INVENTOR'S NOTION. The head-surgeon of the Valparaiso hos- I pitals has sent a paper to the French Academy of Medicine on the effects of the new missiles employed for the Mannlicher rifle. The balls are, of course, small; the arm is of the repeti- tion class. From personal observation of hundreds of soldiers wounded by the modern projectile, the latter, on penetrating the fleshy parts, aots in the sense of an antiseptio. After the passage of the ball the wound self-closes within, thus excluding the air. The entrance and exit points lap together, forming a crust. Hence, like Ithuriel's spear, the ball cures while it wounds. This was I completely proven in the case of balls that had out their way through the abdomen, the lungs, the legs, and the arms. When a missile comes in contact with a flat bone it passes through it as if a sheet of paper. In the case of long bones, these are fractured into splinters, as if pounded on an anvil with a hammer. The surgeon concludes that, while modern balls wound a greater number of men, the wounds possess more ohances of being oured than heretofore,
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COIEMAN'S LLKBIO'S EXTRACT OF MEAT AND MALT WINE.—A 2a. 9d. bottle of this celebrated wluo seNt free by parcels post for 33 stamps. Over 2,OCO testimonials received from medical men. Coleman and Ch (Limited). old erevyw here, LcWl
SCIENTIFIC AND INVENTION NOTES.
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SCIENTIFIC AND INVEN- TION NOTES. A SPEAKING WATCH. One of Edison's latest inventions will be exhibited at the next electric exhibition at St. Petersburg, and will consist of a speaking watch. The dial is made to represent a human face, and the interior contains a phonograph. The mouth opens and tells the hours, the half hours, and the quarters in a strikingly human voice. It can also be set at a particular hour in the morning to remark several times running, "It is time to get up!" It is time to get up HANDY NOTE-BOOKS. Messrs. Perry and Co. (Limited), of Holborn-viaduct, London, E.G., whose watches and pens are so well known, have just brought out an interesting novelty in the shape of a patent graphite note-book. No pen or pencil is required with this note-book, as any one can writo with anything handy in the pocket. For instance, a piece of bone, a match, or even the finger nail may be used .,0 write, and form very legible words. Everybody should buy one of these excellent note-books, which #.re sold at the low figure of Is. 0 A SPOKELESS WHEEL, Absolutely the latest thing out in the cycling world is a spokeless wheel. Two thin plates of convex steel in the form of cymbals meet together, and their edge supports the rim of the wheel. They appear, of course, to be solid, but arc hollow and it is claimed for the spokeless wheel that it can be made even lighter in weight than a wheel with spokes. The steel plates are no thicker than a sheet of notepaper. The new wheel has yet to be tried, PORTABLE ELECTRIC LAMPS. Portable electric lamps are among bho latest novelties of the opticians' shops. They are described as cr/Rsistirig of a battery en closed in a wood box, with a small lamp out- side. By touching a small switch the current is turned on and the lamp emits a good light. The cost of these lamps is not excessive, and they are very suitable for domestio jr Jilica purposes. The present form is, however, in the opinion of the Optician, one that is)pen to improvement, one great fault being the risk of breaking the glass bulb. ARTIFICIAL EGGS! The interesting intelligence has 11011W to hand that the artificial manufacture of egga1 is now an accomplished fact. An American -of oourse-bas- taken out a patent, and is said to be erecting a factory in view of doing a large business. The ingredients are lime water, bullock's blood, milk, tallow, peas, and a few other things, including some secret chemical preparations. The machinery for putting the egg together is very ingenious. First, tbe yolk is run into a mould be properly shaped, and is then dumped into a second mould, which oontains the right proportion of the preparation which stands for the white. This, being a gelatinous sub- stance, encases the yolk very readily. Then, by means of a special machine, the whole is covered with a shell made of lime water and glue, which hardens after it is set. The in- ventor guarantees his eggs to keep "new laid for a month, and he says that he can turn them out at a oost which will allow of their being retailed at the rate of three cents. per dozen, PHOTOGRAPHS TRANSMITTED BY ELEC- TRICITY. One of the most interesting electrical in- ventions which have appeared since the micro- phone is the" eleotro-artograpb" of Mr. Amstutz, of Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. It is a bold attempt to transmit a photograph by electricity, and to engrave by telegraph. The design to be sent is first photographed on gelatine-bichromate of potassium film, which is then washed in warm water to remove the softer parts, leaving the portions hardened by the action of the light in a relief, which is more or less high, according to the depth of tone in the original picture. A pointed stylus is then caused to travel all over the surface of the photo- graph, just as the stylus of a phonograph travels over the wax phonogram. The stylus rises and falls more or less according to the relief, and by means of a multiplying lever its movement is made to depress a series of keys, which admit an eleotrio current into the line. The number of keys thus closed is in pro- portion to the rise and fall of the stylus, and so the strength of current in the line is varied according to the intensity of light and shade in the design. The next slep is to make the current re-produce the pioture at the other end of the wire, and that is done by send- ing: it through an electro-magnet bearing more or less on a graving tool which travels over a surface of wax in a path similar to that of the transmitting stylus over the film. The wax is thus engraved with a copy of the original relief, from which a printing surface can be obtained by galvanoplasty or stereo- typy. Mr. Amstutz has already transmitted portraits over a line twenty miles long, and, judging from the specimens we have seen, the results are at least encouraging. lie aims at rendering the telegraph doubly useful to the press and the police by enabling it to send illustrations as well as verbal reports in a rapid manner, and he estimates that a sketch of column width can bo transmitted in ten minutes. A paper macb6 impression can be taken direct from the engraved wax. 11 CCRIOUS WAYS or FORETELLING THE WEATHEK. Before the invention of the barometer in 1643 the contrivances for foretelling storms and rain were many and curious; some were the results of natural observation, while others were simply of the nature of ther- mometers, like the instrument described in A Table plainly teaching ye making and use of a wetherglas," published in 1631 "att the signe of the Princess Arms in Leaden Hale street." The latter were too unreliable to retain popularity, but most of the former are still to be met with in villages of England and Germany. One of the most curious is the "Farmers' Weather Guide/' which; is simply a piece of whipcord stretched across a shed with a lantern hung in the centre. When rain is coming the cord elaokens aud the lantern decends; when the air becomes dry the oord oontracts, and the lantern rises again. On the same prinoipal of expansion pnd con- traction, though in a prettier and more con- venient form, is the house or church that usually stands on a cottage mantlebhelf, with its chubby soldier, who boldly faces all the storms, and thon, with unexampled gallantry, makes way for the missus" as soon as fine weather returns. "Barometer Flowers," arti- ficial flowers coloured with chloride of cobalt, are seldom seen now, though they were muob in vogue in the shires about thirty years ago; they are blue in dry air, but turn pink when it becomes damp. The weather fish (cobitis fosarlis), is so oallei because m Germany it is kept in a bottle to foretell changes of weather before rain or storm it becomes much agitated, like the common leach, which rises to the surface before rain, and rushes about in all directions before high winds. American naturalista speak bigbty of snails as prognosticators, for they begin to climb trees and stalks of plants about two days before the rain comes. Even leaves of trees are good indicators, for they turn up before a shower and form onpt to retain an much water as possible, while before a long rain they double over so as to oonduot the water away. The pimpernel is to well known as a weather indicator that it is commonly called the If Shepherd's weather- glass," and Closed ia the pink-eyed pimpernel," is one of the indications in Jenner's "Signa of foul weather." It is, therefore, evident that a shower was at hand when our Laureate wrote:— The white lake blossoms fell into the lake As the pimpernel d zed ou the lea,
NATURAL HISTORY NOTES.
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NATURAL HISTORY NOTES. UTTERLY DISPROPORTIONATE. Although whales grow to enormous size, sometimes eighty and even ninety feet long, the throat is so small that it cannot swallow a bite as large as a tea-biscuit. This applies to the common whale the spermaceti has a mouth large enough to swallow a man, How IHEY EAT. True bony teeth are peculiar to animals which have backbones. The most elaborate dental apparatus known belongs to the sea urchin, whose jaws are composed of 40 pieces, moved by 40 separate muscles. Snails have a sort of ribbon with which they rasp their food as with a file. Ant-eaters, though they are mammals, have no teeth at all. The whalebone whale is a mammal that has no teeth, its practice being to swallow its food whole. j THE PHALANGER AND ITS YOUNG. As is well known, the majority of the kan- garoo tribe carry their young in the pouoh long after there is any need for their so doing, and when they must be seriously in- convenienced by the presence of their off- spring. There is a phalanger, now in the London Zoological Society's Gardens, with a big baby that never leaves the pouch except to take an airing upon ilGS mother's back; it olings there like a burr, and so tenaciously that it can hardly be detached. The young of the minute American opossum hold on to their parent by twisting their tails round hers. This young phalanger simply digs its claws into the soft fur, and so secures a firm foot- ing. A SINGULAR NEST. There is now a bird in the Zoological Gardens which disregards the most characte- ristic habit of birds in general. The brush turkey of Australia completely fails to carry out what one would be disposed to regard as the whole duty of a bird. Instead of making a nest in the orthodox way, and sitting upon its eggs until they are hatohed, it goes upon quite a different plan. It constructs a great heap of refuse, and in this heap, which is usually composed of dead leaves, the eggs are buried. As the beat produced by the decay of the leaves is great enough to hatch the eggs, the bird is able to evade its maternal duties and to throw the responsibility of rear- ing its offspring upon Nature. A CURIOUS FISH. The dugong, a species of whale, found abundantly in the waters of both the great oceans, but especially off the coast of Australia, in the Pacific, is believed to have furnished the slender basis upon which all mermaids and mermen stories have been founded. Its average length is from eight to twenty feet. It has a hand much resembling that of the htfman species, and breathes by means of lungs. it feeds upon submarine seaweeds, and when wounded makes a noise like a mad bull. The flesh of this species of whale is used for food, and is said to have the flavour of bacon, mutton, ov beef, according to the part of the body from whioh the meat is taken. THE BLIND PROTEUS. One of the most remarkable creatures in the London Zoo is the blind Proteus, a little whitish newt, which is concealed in a corner of the ante-chamber to the reptile house. It has to be placed in as dark a spot as can be found, because it normally inhabits caves where there is no light at all, or, at best, only a dim twilight, The interesting points about this creature are two—it has the merest apology for eyes, and has hardly any colour in its skin. It is, therefore, absence of light, and not too much light, which causes the bleaching and blinding of animals; in fact, all creatures which inhabit caves are blind and colourless though this is, perhaps, the only example which can be conveniently exhibited alive. HATERS OF LAZINESS. There are some families in the animal world that will not put up with laziness on any terms. The drones in the beehive, when no longer needed, are slain by the workers. An idle beaver is promptly turned away from the colony in whose industry he will not take part- Should an elephant make himself a nuisanoe to the rest of the herd by malioious, aggressive conduct, he is driven forth, and becomes a roguo." Crows will, after due deliberation, put an offending bird to death and if a pair of rooks, too lazy to find building materials for themselves, steal sticks any other articles from their neighbours, their nest will be destroyed by other inmates of the rookery. ARE THEY OUR ANCESTORS ? All monkeys have voices, and many of them have very strong ones. Excepting the soli- tary and taciturn ourang-outang. the species which live in troops are chatterers, and keep up a great hubbub. The prinoipal tones of their noisy and rapid language, with the fre- quent repetition of the same sounds, may also be found in the languages of the most savage peoples. They are for the most part complex, guttural, and harsh articulations, with few variations, But the alphabets of some of the African and Melanesian nations are not much richer. Laughter is not wholly peculiar to men, for some monkeys have a noisy and explosive laugh analogous to ours. Monkeys are also capable of showing sorrow and weeping, and it is possible to follow on their faces the equivalents of the physiognomical changes which iu man answer to the expression of his various emotions. Among these are the draw- ing back of the corner of the mouth and the L, contraction of the lower eyelid, which con- stitute the monkey's smile, and the depression of the eyebrow and forehead in anger. CALCULATING ANIMALS. It is thought that the magpie can count up to four, but not beyond it. If four persons hide themselves in the sight of a magpie and three of them go away, the bird will remain on guard, knowing that one is still there. But if there are five persons and four go away, then she thinks they are all gone and becomes oareless. Such examples, however, rather imply a power of counting than demon- strate its possession. The case of a carrion crow ia much more to the point. One of these birds marked a brood of fourteen chickens and pounced upon one of them, with which it was about to make off, when it was alarmed and dropped its prey. A short time afterwards, however, the plunderer returned, accompanied by exactly thirteen other crows, when every one of them seized a chicken, and thus oarried off the whole brood at once. Unfortunately, it jg impossible to verify instances of this kind, but in the far larger and more interesting class of cales in which animals evince a general power of cal* culation in what immediately concerns thed" selves, the proof is daily at the hand of allwha study them. There is, for instanoe, no pre* cise evidenoe that dogs can distinguish the hours struck by a clock, and yet they often act as if they could. It is certain that they recognise the recurrence of particular days and even hours, especially when associated with periodic habits or events. In Scotland most dogs know Sunday from other days, and their attendance at church is too common in the pastoral districts to exoite remark. THE SPIDER AND ITS WE3. There are over 1,000 species of spiders, and of these the most common are the house and the garden'spider, the latter being the moati under observation as a web spinner. He -ene- rally takes about forty minutes over his nrorir. The web of the house spider differs from that of the garden variety in that its work is much finer, besides being composed of one kind of silk only. It generally sets its trap in & corner, its first operation being to press ift spinners against the wall, securing the threads in a particular spot; then it goes to the oppo- site side and fastens the other end of the thread, Two or three threads are run toge- ther, others drawn from them in various directions, and the interstices are filled by the spider running to and fro, always leaving a line behind it. These webs generally remain until swept away by the house-broom. The webs of the geometrical garden spider are formed of two sorts of silk, one of which is used for the main cables and the radiating threads, the other for the concentrio threads. The latter are thickly studded with a sticky substance which holds the captive. No insect, how- ever small, escapes, and this is not to be wondered at when it is considered that an ordinary sized web may contain as many as 120,000 of these sticky globules. In making a web it is calculated that two miles of silk are drawn from the body of the spider. Siza for size spider silk is considerably tougher than a bar of steel, The latter, lin. in diameter, will bear a weight of 50 tons, yet if a spider'a thread of the same size could exist it would be cap- able of supporting a weight of 74 tons. THE ADJUTANT BIRD. During the months that the adjutant lives in Calcutta it is interesting to watch him. He appoints himself chief scavenger of a cer- tain house or houses, and has first choice of the contents of the dustbins, which each householder is required to deposit outside his gate at daybreak till the conservancy carts remove them. The adjutant's'operations may be more easily imagined than described, while the pariah dogs of the quarter and a bevy of attendaut crows look on till his lordship is satisfied with the bonnes bouches that ha pioka out with his sharp beak, tosses into the air, and swallows, until his stomaoh becomes so full that he is obliged to take a little walk round to let matters settle themselves. I regret that I have been recently deprived of a story about the voracity of adjutants that had been believed by me for many yearfy I had been told that Mr. R. had seen all adjutant walk quietly along a wall to a sleeping cat, which it pieroed with its beak, tossed up in the air, and oaught in its mouth. But I recently met Mr. R., and he tells me that he did not see the adjutant swallow the cat; but that his friend Mr. S. said that he had seen an adjutant pick up and swallow a live kitten. Now, that is & very different thing, and is more likely to be true than the story about the oat. For a kitten may be about the same size as a rat, and I have often seen the adjutants oatch. and swallow live rats. At the stables of the house of a friend of mine the native servants used almost every night to oatch live rats in traps. When the morning came tbe men used to carry the traps out on the open maidaun, attended by three or four adjutants, who kliew what treat was in store for them. With our binoculars we could see from the house the poor rats let loose and daeh off at their best pace towards the stables. But a grim adjutant, with his long strides and outstretched wings, soon overtook the rat, tossed him in the air, and swallowed him. Occasionally a very smart rat would double under the leading adjutant's legs but the rat had little chanoe of escape, for if it evaded one pursuer it only ran into the mouth of another. There used to be a tradition that the British soldiers in the barracks of Fort William once blew up an adjutant by inducing it to swallow a marrow-bone in which there was a charge of gunpowder and a slow burning fuse, but I hardly believe it. A similar but perfectly true story was, however, within my own cog- nisance, and it occurred at the Chimurab barracks, when the old 29th Regiment was quartered there. The soldiers after their dinner, got two marrow-bones and tied them together with a stout string about twenty yards long. The marrow-bones were than thrown out separately to two expectant adjutants. One bird seized and swallowed one bone, and the other bird caught and got outside (aa the Yankees say) of the other bone. The two birds then flew up towards their usual perohes on the barrack roof; but as they flew apart the string tightened, and as they pulled against one another, and neither would part with his bone, they finally came flopping to the ground, to the great edification of the soldiers. When the two birds were on the ground there was a severe tag of war be- tween them, until at last the string broke, and each of them flew off triumphantly to digest his bone and the yards of string attached to it at its leisure.—Mr. C. Buckland, in Longman's Magazine,
THE LATE MR. W. G. WILLS.
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THE LATE MR. W. G. WILLS. Many auectdotes are told illustrative of the insouciant good-nature of the late W. G. Willy. He used to keep his money in a tobacco-jar, from which his friends helped themselves when the necessity arose. On one of the many occiMions of his generosity he made the characteristic remark that he had, as usual, lent a sum of money, and, do you know," he added, in a tone cf bland and genial surprise, as though he had been the victim of misplaced confidence, my fdend actually paid me back." WOMEN WITHOUT COSMETICS. At the Royal Princess's Theatre, London, lent for the occasion by Mr. Sidney Herberte-Bosing, an American lady, Mrs. Anne Ruppeft, delivered » lecture on the subject of Women Without Cos- metics. Mrs. Ruppert, in the course of the lecture, said that 75 women out of every 100 were quite familiar with the use of cosmetics, much to their discredit. Women would insist upon using concoctions which were not only in reality dis- agreeable, but positively harmful, and, especially if artists upon the stare could only be induced to abandon so much "make-up" thoy would be » great deal more admired. The question of emol- lients, steaming, qualities of snap, treatment of hair. and other subjects of interest to the gentler sex were touched upon, and a number of questions were handed to Mrs. Ruppert, who answered them in detail, A PRETTY STOET. A pretty story of Lady Hll!!ó comes from Sweden, Thirty years ago (says the Evening Netes and Post) the famous violinist was playing, wittt her sister Maria and her brother Franz," at the University town of Upsala, and her playing so enthused a young student who was present that he took off tho white Academic cap which the students prize 110 highly, and fillIng it J Wtth roses, presented it to Wilrna Neruda as a homage to the power of her art: When again in Upsala, during her recent visit to Sweden and Noiwwy, Lady Halle met the same student, now a well-known professor, and told liim how she still prized the white student cap. Even now she weara it sometimes, anl during her recent journeys to and from Australia it was a fruitful souce of comment and surprise to her fellow travellers. COLEMAN'S Liebigs EXTRACT op MEAT is the bes Coleman and Co, (Limited), Norwich and London Lc84g