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---i RURAL NOTES 4i > • —…
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i RURAL NOTES 4i > • — By Mr. J. Muir. Margam Abbey Glamorganshire, ANSWERS to CORRESPONDENTS. K Unless tn special cases, no replies will be sent to readers by post, but all inquiries will have prompt and careful attention under this heading, and we invite notes and questions on ALL rural subjects, f _')oooo¡; Doa STirF.-Il Fox Terrier."—An expert fears that your dog has acquired clirbnic rheumatism, probably from being left without exercise for a bag time at some period. Try Heald's hepatica aperient balls and give exercise constantly twice daily. DEFICIENT ASPAKAGUS BBD. Drot tWlCh. -You do not al the age ot your root. If they are very old and have decayed or died out here and there from old age you may plant again on the same Eosition, but if they have failed from the situation eing unfavourable for tbem you siioald select a new and better site. Droitwiob, with its salt con- nections, ought to be a favourable place for asparagus, but the roots will never succeed where there is stagnant moisture, and this kills many of them. Beds that are composed of only a root here and there, like yours, are never satisfactory or profitable, and planting new roots amongst old ones is not the best way. The whole of the old roots should be lifted, the soil deeply dug and wall manured, and a new plantation put in. Plant Jibe old roots together, and the young ones the Same* Plant from one foot to eighteen inches •part* and place the roots three inches below the surface. No matter what the texture of the soil may be, the bed should always be raised a little above the ordinary soil, as this will ensure more perfect drainage. If you aro buying in young toots, those two years old are a good age to pl,int. PBOPAGATTNG LAUttEts.—T. Brooks.—They are very easily propagated. I have frequently taken off shoots in November, put them in the ground, and found them rooted by April. The cuttings should be made of the wood formed during the summer. They should be cut over by where the new wood began to grow last spring. They should b» about JLft. in length, and they should ba inserted very firmly in the soil to the depth of 3in. or a little more. Å somewht sandy soil is the best for them rooting freely, and they should be put In a Sheltered corner. NAMES OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS.—"Amateur" (South Melford).-Tbe blooms are undersized, but your late culture of them would account for this. They are all kinds that are worth growing, and you should retain them1, li Beverley 2, "Be8ie Pitcher": 3,"liabolla Bott"; 4, "Mrs. Pixon"; 5, If Bob." TEMPERATURE FOB GREENHOUSE.—" P. R." (Halifax).-You do not say the class of plants you have in your greenhouse, but I presume they are of the usual sort. You will find a temperature of t5deg. to 55ieg. suit the bulk of them. A few degrees less In very severe weatuer-say 38- uld be safe. OLD FOWLS.—" T. W. P.You are one of the very few who advocate the keeping of old fowls. If a bird is a particularly good one, no matter what the variety may be, and has won many prizes, I approve of it being kept so long as it can be used for breeding. Such birds may be found six, eight, or more years old. But where egg pro- duction is the object apart from breeding, no hen Should be kept after it is two years old or three at the most. This has been so frequently and generally proved that it is accepted as a fact. Bool: ON MEASURING TimBRu.-Il Beginner. '1 Hoppus's Measurer" is generally recognised as the authority. Any stationer will procure it for you. As to whether autumn or spring planting is the best, it is a question of weather. If the weather is mild and free from frost, planting may be done with advantage In October and November, or, Indeed, all,thfl winter, as when February and March prove severe months, and planting cannot be done, it is soon found out to be a mistake not to have planted in autumn, I am glad you find these notes so acceptable. PEARS, PLUMS, POTATOES, &C.—" Mountain."— Six plums weighing lib. is an extra good weight, and I am pleased you have had so many. Your pear tree probably requires more pruning. If the branches are very close together you should remove half of them, and let the other part of the tree have more light and air. Try this, and if it k still sterile next summer you must root prune it. Button's Abundance and Ringleader potatoes are excellent sorts. The tufted pansiee are obtain- able from Messrs. Dobbie and Co., seedsmen, Rothesay, N.B. Any seedsman will supply you with double wallflower seed. Sow next April to produce plants that will flower the following spring. Should you want plants before that you utay probably find them offered in your market. FaUlT TUBE FOR NORTH-WEST SIDE OF HOUSB. -11 Flu mate& d.fhe Morella cherry would do well In this position, also the Victoria plum. I would prefer the cherry, but, perhaps, you could try both. Red and whitfe currants and goose- berries succeed admirably on this aspect. I have them trained up walls, where they fruit most pro. Susely every year. LARGE CHRYSANTHEMUMS.—" J. H."—The pro- duction of large flowers depends a good deal on Culture. In some banolt one sort may be observed with blooms not more thau 6in. across, while with others the same will ba double or more that width. As you have doubts as to any being more than 1ft. across, I measured one bloom of George Maclure to-day, and found it 13in. This is on a plant that has been knocked about a good deal. I have no doubt it might be larger under favourable conditions. Stolle de Lyon may also be grown to reach this, and I have seen M Condor" of equal proportions; NAME OF PLANT. W. D. B. Selum vero- scens." The sedums are commonly called atone- Crops. MILKING.—" Rochdale.^—A Dairymaid," reply- Ing to you, says you can only improve yourself at milking by practice, or, probably, you could get some experienced person to show you; then persevere in it. BIRDS DESTROYING FRCTT BUDS.—" Sereno."—It is very unusual for birds to destroy buds at this season, although tuey;often do much havoc amongst them when they are beginning to swell in topring. When you have a framework up over tin buahea it would certainly pay you to keep the netting in repair. At the same time you may post the bushes all over with lime. If this is done when they are moist the lime will adhere to them and prove distasteful to the birds. The time will plso destroy any moss or vermin that is on the bushes. 7 FESNS, &c.—« Azalea."—I cannot recogniec the tern from the small portion sent. Some ferns are Inclined to curl a* little at the ends of the fronds, but so long as your plant 7a so healthy as you say it is, it will be all right, and you cannot do better than continue the treat- ment you have been giving it. The asparagus Should not be overwatered in winter, just sufficient to keep it healthy, and it should be in a temperature of 55deg. or 60deg. The azalea would tiot catch a chill after being in the open air for a time. I think it must have suffered from being pry at the root, but by putting it in a warm, moist atmosphere it will soon produce a full display of healthy foliage again. It would do in the frame in the spring montbp, and you can keop it at rest Until then. FINGER AND Tox IN TURNI?S.— Carlisle." Thanks; the matter will have attention. MINORCA HLPN BLIND. CX. W. J.I hove had fowls go Wind as you describe, but, although they have been doctored, to restore the sight was never nieeeisful. I advise you to destroy it, as it will never be of any use to you again. ir:" 4 ■■ •J- MAKING NEW RASPBERRY PLANTATIONS, Amongst small fruits the raspberry should be most extensively grown. I never knew it to fail in producing a heavy crop, and the fruit is always valoable. It is one of the very choicest of all small fruits, and there is never a glut of it in the market. Indeed, in tnany markets it is never offered, and if it was, there would be a great run on it, as for preserving, making vinegar or tarts, it 18 Oxoellent. Gooseberries and ourrants may be rendered sterile by a spring frost, as their bloom is easily injured, but the raspberry does not flower very early and it is rarely injured by any cause. It will grow luxuriantly and fruit abundantly insoils and situations where other small fruits would be la failure. It is surprising that many do not jrrow raspberries wholesale for market, They would form a most remunerative crop in land Pre9eQ^_r^PrS^Jptiye, The best way of getting in young plantations of raspberries is to buy a quantity of plants from the nursery. They may be bought cheaply by the score, hundred, or thousand. It is impossible for anyone to buy old plants of them, as their habit of growth is such that they renew themselves every year. The rods that were formed in 1890 fruited in 1891, and now they are dead, but their places are taken by new ones formed during the summer. It is these that would be received when the plants were bought iD. PREPARING THE SOIL FOR RASPBERRIES. There is less expense in this than for any other kind of fruit. They do not root deeply, and may be grown in soil only Ift. deep, or even less. It is important that it be cleared of weeds, as the young plants do not agree with being choked up with them. The best way is to dig or fork it all over, remove the roots of weeds as this goes on, and add a good dressing of farmyard mannre. The object of cleaning well and manuring liberally at first is that when once they are planted they may go on for many years without being disturbed, and this saves re planting frequently. I have seen bushels of raspberries gathered from under fruit trees. They enjoy the moisture and shade generated by the trees, and those who plant them in such positions may not require to do much to the soil, especially if it is moderately rich and free from weeds. WHEN AND HOW TO PLANT. They should not be planted until the foliage has all fallen off. This will be in November, and they may be planted from then until the end of February. If they are trans- planted after the buds begin to swell they will be oheoked so much that they will fail to make good growth the first year, and a season's orop will be lost. They always have good roots, and there is no great art in planting them. They should not be put more than six inches below the sur- face, and the soil should be made very firm over them. In some oases they are planted from five to six feet apart, and allowed to grow into strong bushes. In others they are put in rows with six feet from row to row and one foot or so from plant to plant. This is a good way of dealing with them. As the fruit is easily secured when ripe, and it is well exposed to the air, one stake in the centre of each plant is suffioient for those put in as bushes, but when planted in rows a fence composed of posts and two rails can be put alongside of them to tie tha rods to. PRUNING RASPBERRIES. This does not require much time or skill. Indeed, the whole of their oulture is ex- tremely simple, hence the advantage they offer to amateurs. There are only two operations necessary in pruning them. The first is to cut away all the old decayed rods down to the level of the ground and remove and burn them. If the new rods are orowded, cut out a few of the weakest of them. Those remaining should have their tops out off at a distance of 5ft. or as near that as possible from the ground. Some out them down to 3ft., but this I do not approve of, as 2ft. more- above this would yield a lot of fruit. The rods when tied to a fenoe may be kept about 4in. apart, and so long as they are not very crowded they will never fail to bear. BEETROOT AND FROST, Beetroot will bear a few degrees of front without injury. If it is exposed to lOdeg. or more, it may not indicate injury immediately afterwards, but before it is long stored it will begin to shrivel, and long before the winter is over it will have decayed. Some allow it to remain out quite late, thinking that the foliage will protect it, but that is not suffi- cient, and all who wish to have it in good condition until May next must store at once. Amongst others, this applies to a correspon- dent who writes from the Isle of MAD. THE DORKING A LEADING FOWL. From time immemorial the Dorking has been regarded as a leading variety of fowl, but at times some of the other breeds have become more prominent, especially amongst what is termed the fancy." At the recent National Poultry Show, however, the merits of the Dorkings were again prominently recognised, as the highest prices paid for any birds in the show were given for them. One oockerel changed hands at jB76, a pullet at £ 35, another pullet 225, another P,12 12s., several at L15, and a hen at 221. This is highly enoouraoing for Dorking breeders, and will, no doubt, give the breed fresh interest to those who do not at present possess them. THE MERITS OF DORKING FOWLS. Some J ears ago I was the fortunate breeder and exhibitor of many first-prize Dorkings. Their quality was so good that they secured first at the National Show, and gave me an opportunity of knowing what a perfeot Dorking is. They are, undoubtedly, grand fowls. The dark greys and silver greys are the most popular. The former are often regarded as the more valuable, but why this should be I oould never understand. The silver Dorking is the prettiest. The darks are, perhaps, the heaviest, but they do not lay any better. They are all very hardy, quite as much so as any other fowl, although they are not always credited with being so. They are not the most prolifio of layers, and hardly come up to the average in this respeot, but as table fowls and massive birds of tho finest quality they have no equals. They are the proverbial old English fowl, and merit this distinction. Tbey are easily bred to colour, but it is most diffioult to secure-them in form of feet and quite white in these members. Size is one of their qualifications, and when too small they do not show the true Dorking oharacter. If properly aeleoled for breeding the progeny ill wonderfully empt from disease, as they grow fast, and they are valuable for the table long before flom" of the other breeds. No one could make a better investment in fowls than, by proouring a good peu of Dorkings. FARM ROADS. The present season has been a bad one for roads. Excessive wet is always most injurious to them, but while the highways and parish roads have suffered, it is the roads by farms —and that are kept up by the farmers—that have suffered most. These, as a rule, are never very good at the best of times, and a wet season plays much havoo with them. There is no economy in a farmer keeping his roads in poor order, for a rough road shakes the oarts, wagons, &o., to pieoes, and it also tells on the horses. Indeed, time and money spent in keeping farm roads in good repair is always pro- fitable, Those out of repair should be put in order as soon as possible. There are always stones being gathered from the land. Instead of putting these in heaps in out-of-the-way Plaoes, they should invariably be put on the roads. That this may be convenient, and save woar and tear, the ruts should always be well filled with moderate-sized stones. The oentre should always be kept well up above sides to cause the water to run off freely. H Kone *he most important points of all, as it is the water lodging so much oo the roads that spoils them, EARLY BROCCOLI, The time is fast approaohing when vege- tables will be very soaroe. Already many ohenoe kinds have perished &nd oannot be renewed until next year Savoys and Brussels sprouts will soon be the only available greens, but where many early broccoli were planted, they ought to be now proving very useful. They will fnot bear a great deal of frost, indeed, six degrees or so will injure them, and when they are forming they should bd looked over almost daily to see that none of the heads are too much exposed. So long as they are covered with the leaves they will not take much harm, but in the time of frost it is not safe to leave them to gain any great size, and they may be cut when the size of a tea- oup. They should be divested of most of their leaves, and the end of the stem attaohed to the head put in sand, when by keeping them in a oool shed^hey will give a supply for weeks. They^must be cut before being in the slightest way injured by frost, THE EXPERIENCE OF AN AMATEUR. This is always welcome. Mr. F. W, Reuss remarks:— Your notes are always read with pleasure, and myself and gardener have received many hints from them. Lately you referred to certain kinds of vines, the fruit of which might be kept until Christmas. I know the various sorts very well, excepting Lady Downes, 'and, as amateurs like to hear of the experience of amateurs, I venture to give mine, which extends over six- teen years. Of black Alicante I hav# some nice bunches hanging, and they will keep well till Christmas or longer. It is not a fine (eater, skin rather thick, and not prolific, like the Black Hamburg.' Respecting Gros Colman,' I would not advise anyone to plant ajsingle vine of this sort. The bunches and berries are large, and may be kept till February, but their flavour is no better than common plums. I have already thrown out three vines of it, and the last will be cut off soon and I mack Ham- burg' grafted on it. List, February it could be bought in the Leeds Market at h. 6d. per lb. Some years, do what you may, the berries crack. My gardener has been in despair in order to pre- vent the sap flowing too fast towards the fruit. He split every branch and inserted a piece of wood, Lut all in vain. One year I had to cut 34 bunches as they were all bursting and decaying before they were half ripfl, whereas the I Black Hamburg' next to it did splendidly. I Gros Maroc' is a splendid vine the bloom on the berries is exquisite-a real piclure. The skin is rather thick, but the flavour if excellent. I have not found it so prolific as the Black Hamburg,' but with caro the bunches hang till Christmas. The house is kept about 60deg., with a little air on by opening the lights. There is a sort you do not include, and, although not prolific, is worth having. It is named I Madresfield Court.' It belong- to the Muscat type, ripens early, end has a most exquisite flavour. It does not bear fruit wry year; at least, this is my experience. P.S.-Pullets, April hatched, splendid condition, large grass run, well housed, fed daily on warm stuff, and ne eggs yet. Is this general ?
DEATH OF THE ARCHDUKE HENRY…
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DEATH OF THE ARCHDUKE HENRY REGINIER. The Central News Vienna correspondent, telegraphing on Monday, says :-The Archduke Henry Regnier, of Austria, died this morning from pneumonia. The Baroness Waideck, formerly Madame Leopoldine Hoff- mann, with whom the arohduke oontraoted a morganatio marriage, died yesterday evening from the same disease. A ROMANTIC STORY. The Daily News correspondent say,; *—The ate Archduke Henry, the youngest son of the Archduke Regnier, in 1863, when in command at Graz, fell in love with Fraulein Leopoldine Hoffmann, a dark-eyed handsome girl, daughter of a magistrate, whose sweet voice had induced her to become an opera singer. The relations of the Archduke and the singer were not long a secret, and in Graz people said that the Archduke would marry his sweet- heart one of these days. He had to go to Italy for the wnr of 1866, and during his absence the Court attempted to bribe the young girl into giving up her Archduke. But she declared firmly that the Archduke bad promised solemnly to marry her, and that though she should certainly not remind him of his promise, she should wait until he thought fit to fulfil it. After the war he returned to Graz, but as his relations with Fiaulein Hoffmann had not changed he was sent to Briinn as General of Division. The young lady was then induced by her lover to leave the stage and live a retired live at Bozon, where he had a palace left him by his father. Here he prepared everything for the reception of a wife, and in 1868 Fmulein Hoffmann and the Archduke were married privately in the chapel of the palace. When the Emperor learned the fact the young couple had to leave Austria, and stayed for some years in Switzerland, and it was said that they would never be permitted to return to Austria. One day, however, the young wife, who had given birth to a daughter, received a patent of nobility from the Emperor, who two years later gave her the title of baroness. Since then members of the Imperial family have from time to time paid her visits at Bozen or Castle Waibeck, and a few years ago she'made a passing appearance in Vienna society.
"THERE Is ALWAYS WORK,"
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"THERE Is ALWAYS WORK," Nu man is born into the world whose work Is not born with him there is always work And tools to work withal for those who will, And blessed are the horny hands of toil. LOWELL. THE PROPER WAY TO ASCEND STAIRS. Women doctors say, and many women prove it in practice, that by going upstairs slowly with the foot-heel and toe alike— put firmly on each stair, one may arrive at the top of four flights of stairs really rested, instead of gasping for breath as when one runs upstairs. Going upstairs is a good form of exercise if one takes it in the right way to get its benefits. BUTTERMILK FOR FRECKLES. There is nothing that equals fresh butter- milk for removing tan, freckles, sunburn, or moth spots (says the Ladies' Home Journal). It has the great advantage that it does not injure the skin, but renders it soft like a little child's. Take a soft cloth or sponge, and bathe the face, neck, and arms thoroughly with buttermilk before retiring for the night then wipe off the drops lightly. In the morn- ing wash it thoroughly, and wipe dry with a orash towel. Two or three such baths will take off all the tan and freckles. It will keep the hands soft and smooth.
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-= Experienced traveller (at American railway restaurant): When did that man at the other table give his order ? Waiter: 'Bout ten minutes ago, sah. Traveller: What did he order ? Waiter: Beefsteak and fixin's, sah. Traveller: How much did he fee you? Waiter: Quarter, sah. Traveller: Well, here's half a dollar. Cook another steak and bring me his. Waiter: Yes, sah. The anecdotes told of the late General Robert Bruce—known as "Hurrioane Bruce —are legion. One of the best is with regard to an event that happened just thirty years ago at Malta. A well-known and ill-liked mogistrate of that island had oondemned to six months' imprisonment an officer of Colonel Bruoe's regiment for having tapped the olaret" of a few impertinent Maltese in a street row. When sentenoe was delivered, the colonel got up from his seat in the oourt and politely asked the magistrate whether that was a oourt of justice. The incensed magistrate asked in reply, Have you no respect for the benoh, Colonel Bruoe ?" 11 Every respect, sir," said the oolonel slowly, with a voice as though he were addressing his regiment-" every respect for the wooden part, but none for the individual who sits thereon!" Then he strode out of the court, amidst the titters of the spectators.
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THE Editor of the Medical Annual after a care- ful examination of C-ADBuay's COOOA pronounces it to be both a food and a beverage of the highest quality I,¡ot¡
----------INTERESTING AND…
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INTERESTING AND INSTRUCTIVE. To POLISH IVORY PIANO KEYS. Dissolve half an ounce of best white wax in turpentine over the fire until it becomes of the consistency of cream. Apply a small quantity to-the keys with a flannel, and polish by rubbing well with soft rags. To CURE A SQUINT. It is said that a squint or oast in the eye may be cured without the expense of going to a physician or an oculist. It is only neces- sary to get a pair of spectacles with plain glass in, and to colour the oentre of one ot the lenses black. The eye will naturally make an effort to look straight ahead all the time, and after a few days the effort will be impercep- tible. With a child a cure can be effected in a week, and with a grown person in a month. A REASON FOR RED SUNSETS. The reason for the red sunsets indicating a fine day to come is because the amount of vapour floating in the air refracts the beams of the sun, and more freely transmits the red rays of light than the coloured rays. It is the degree of moisture in the atmosphere which affects the refraction of the light, and when the red rays of evening are freely trans- mitted the amount of moisture does not approach the rain-point, and, therefore, promises the following day to be fine. ONE'S VOCABULARY. From the data at band a correspondent of science estimated the vocabulary of a citizen with a common school education and of ordi- nary intelligence and reading at about 10,000 words, and that of a well-read college graduate and those who have pursued a university course at from 20,000 upward to perhaps 100,000. One's vocabulary is usually nearly complete at thirty years of age. If but two words are learned each day the vocabulary at that age would be only 20,000. Records show that young children acquire new words more rapidly than that, CHARACTER IN THE THUMB. The thumb is by far the most important part of the hand, chironomically speaking. The hand denotes the superior animal, said D'Arpentigny the thumb individualises the man. In the thumb the chirosophist looks for the great controlling powers-will and logic. A small, ill-formed, feeble, badly balanced thumb betrays a vacillating disposi- tion. Small thumbed persons are governed by the heart, while the large thumbed are swayed by the head. Independent, self- reliant people have large thumbs, or ojight to have them, from the point of view of the obirosophist, whilst pliant, dependent, and easily governed natures may be known by the smallness of their thumbs. AND IN THE HAIR. A recent writer on the "Physiology of the Hair "says:—"The mental disposition, and even the physical strength, is believed by many to be indicated by the hair. Black, curly, and stiff hair are said to indicate a melancholy temperatment; fair hair a san- guine or phlegmatic temperament; and red hair either a very cunning or a very good charaoter. Hence, it was said, we meet in prisons with many red-haired women and black-haired men; rarely with fair-haired criminals. Yellow or red hair is rarely found among maniacs. Very red hair sometimes in- dicates a scrofulous disposition. All this is, of course, subject to so many exceptions that it is soarcely to be relied upon." CLOTH FROM SPIDERS' TJSBEAD. Spiders' thread, which is one-third stronger than steel of equal diameter, has at various times been successfully woven into cloth. Some years ago a merchant of Vienna, Austria, presented to the Industrial Union of that city the details of experiments made by him for the manufacture of spiders' threads into woven tissues. Twenty-four spiders produced in six minutes a beautiful, delicate thread 2,000ft. long, which, by a mechanical contrivance they were made to wind upon a reel. From this was made a fabric pro- nounoed to be far superior to those made of silk both in beauty and delicacy of texture. If my authority for these statements is not simply spinning a yarn," in the disreputable sense, the question may be worth asking- Why do not some clever, enterprising people start a manufactory for spider silk ? "A FEATHER IN His CAP." This phrase, signifying honour and dis- tinction, arose from the custom prevalent among the ancient Syrians, and perpetuated to this day among the various savage or semi- civilised tribes of Asia and Amerioa, of adding a new feather to their headgear for every enemy slain. In the days of chivalry the maiden knight received his casque feather- less, and won his plumes as he had won his spurs. In a manuscript written by Richard Hansard, in 1598, and preserved in the British Museum, it is said of the Hungarians that it had been an ancient custom among them that none should wear a feather but he who had killed a Turk, and to such only it was lawful to show the number of feathers in their caps. In Scotland and Wales it is still customary for the sportsman who kills his first wood duok to pluck out a feather and stick it in his cap. To HANG A PICTURE, Never put a sombre-coloured picture in the shade. Put it where the light will fall upon it. Between two windows place pictures with light backgrounds, that will stand out more prominent by reason of their dark surround- ings. Hang the big pictures first in suitable positions, and group with smaller ones in two rows in between. Be careful that the piotures do not oonfiict in oolour. Use your own taste in this. It is impossible to give any brief rule on the subject. Hang the pictures on a levsl with the eye, unless they be, as some are, pictures which should be looked up to. Place small pictures in oorners and alcoves. Over doors place large and unimportant oan- vases-anytbing that looks well. Water- oolours may be hung on the same wall with oils when framed in gold, but not when framed in white. White margins on etchings and engravings don't go well with oils. The main light should be on the picture. WHEN COAL IS EXHAUSTED, A learned professor expresses the opinion that we need not distress ourselves in conjec- turing what will become of the world when the coal is gone. The time must come when this preoious commedity will give out. That is certain. The caverns of the earth are pretty well stooked at present, as we hope are the private cellars of all our readers; but as those private repositories will show little but empty bins next May, so the dark recesses of the globe will one day yield the last ton that it will pay us to lift to the surface. Then what? Why, then we shall travel much by canal, in commodious boats drawn-by the sea. By means of vast reservoirs at the seaside, the ebb and flow of the tide will be made to furnish unlimited motive power, generating electricity and keeping machinery in motion. The professor thinks that we have not as yet half utilised the force of the wind. As coal gets scarcer we shall generate electricity by windmills, and store the superabundance gathered in a gale for use during periods of calm. The i problem of lighting the world in the evening l will be solved by the introduction of the electric system, and as to warming, it during the winter months, is there not an inexhaustible supply of heat in the sua capable of being applied to human uses by the burning glass ? Already the principle of the burning-glass has been applied to the genera- tion of household heat, with results not abso- lutely successful, but affording great promise of success. Moreover, the supply of coal will diminish gradually its increasing dearness will stimulate coal-saving inventions, and thus provide substitutes for itself ages before the mines are exhausted. Man will have plenty of time to look about him and make up his mind what he will do when the coal is all gone." Dense forests will again clothe all the hills, as well as every other portion of the earth's surface, where trees will serve us better than other crops.
MUCH IN LITTLE
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MUCH IN LITTLE There are 8,550 bands in the Salvation Army. Ostrich feathers frequently fetch L-70 per pound. In China wives are considered legal tenders for debts. A fibre of silk one mile long weighs but twelve grains. A coin is usually in ourrency for 27 years. Pure milk should consist of at least 20 per oent of cream. London eats nearly half a million tons of fish every year. Messrs. Day and Martin manufacture 300 million cakes of blacking a year. It is estimated that there are 13,000 diffe- rent kind of postage stamps in the world. It is estimated that six-tenths of the sui- cides in this country are the result of drink. On July 6 the earth is farther away from the sun than at any other time. The greatest lake in the world is Lake Superior, 430 miles long and 1,000 feet deep. £ 144.000,000 worth at least of British pro- perty is always on the sea. Express trains on foreign railways rarely travel more than thirty miles an hour. The street accidents of London amount to about 3,500 a year—nearly ten a day. German engiue-dvivers receive a gold medal and £100 for every ten years of servioe with- out accident. Of the 125 millions raised by taxation in this country only five millions is contributed by land. A traveller could journey by ship and rail round the world very comfortably at a cost of £ 120. 3 The yard was originally the length of a king's arm; the foot the length of his pedal extremities. Somebody has computed that if 32,000,000 people should clasp hands they could reach around the earth. The height of the Emperor Napoleon I. was about 5ft. 7in. The Duke of Wellington, at Waterloo, was about 5ft. 8tin. in stature. 2 It is oomputed by statisticians that about 55,000 persons in the British Isles die annually from phthisis alone. A medical journal declares that a healthy man will suffer more from the priok of a pin than he would from the pains of dissolution in oase he died a natural death. The sensory nerves convey to the mind im- pressions of what transpires in the external universe. In them the speed of the current is from 50ft. to 100ft. a seoond. The thickness of the human hair varies from the 250th to the 600th part of an inch; blonde hair is the finest, and red the coarsest. There has beep a remarkable development in the coal trafEo of London. In 1850 the railway-borne coal was only 248,000 tons,nd last year it exceeded 8,000,000 tons. It was a custom among the Romans that a bride should be brought to her husband, with a covering or veil cast over her head, and hence the ceremony was called nuptial; from nubo, to veil. An old "book of knowledge" contains the following :-It it happens to rain on Whit- Sunday much thunder and lightning will follow blasts, mildews, &c.; but if it be fair, great plenty of earn. The sun never sets on tha soil of the United States. When it is six o'clock at Attoo Island, Alaska, it is 9.36 o'clock a.m. the next day on the eastern coast of Maine. It was once customary in this country for a person going abroad to put out a certain sum of monov on condition of receiving g,)od interest for it on his return home. If he never returned, the deposit was forfeited. It is hardly worth while to dread a thunder- storm, as there is only about one chance in a million that a person will die from a light- ning stroke—which is doubtless the most in- stantaneous and painless of all causes of death. A philological statistician calculates that in the year 2000 there will be 1,700,000,000 people who speak English, and that the other European languages will be spoken by only 500,000,000. Assuming the population of the world, acoording to the latest estimates, to be about 1,450,000,000, it is estimated that 1,050,000,000 are non-Christians, and, of course, 400,000,000 only are Christians. The ways of auctioneers in different parts of the world vary greatly. In England and America the seller bears the expense of' the sale, but in France the purchaser bears the cost, 5 per cent being added to his purohase. In Holland it is still worse, the buyer being required to pay 10 per oent. additional for the expense of the sale, If a division of the real estate of the globe was made each one would only have a small lot. Some one has figured it out that, taking the whole land surface of the globe into consi- deration, there is, on an average, 221 acres to each person. The character & is a ligature combining the letters which compose the Latin word et- "and." In what is called the "Old Style" these letters ?are distinctly visible, being in the form of a small Greek e, with the t formed on the tail of the ourve of that letter.
BISHOPS AND THE HOUSE OF LOBDS.
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BISHOPS AND THE HOUSE OF LOBDS. The Bishops of Cheater, St. Asaph, and St. Alban's will be entitled to take their seats in the House of Lords at the commencement of the ensuing session. The rule now is that the senior bishop, according to date of consecration, who does not sit in the House, receives a summons to take his seat on the vacancy in a see in which the bishop already has a seat in the House. The vacancies at kicbneld, Truro, and Carlisle have caused three summonses to be necessity, and these will next session fall on the prelates named. Formerly only one bishop had no seat in the Jjords, not including the Bishop of Sodor and Men. Now (says a Bristol contemporary) there are seven, for the recent creation of new sees has increased the number of prelates without increasing the number of spirtual peers.
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„ M.EL? OUT OP HEALTH.—Remedy and advice Fot "ealth. Btrength, and Vigour; fur Pimples, it-H • Sk'11 and Blood Imparities.—Address « fi i J son • 81uare« Sheffield. Write or can to-day, Mirror free, In envelope. Established ij s ^ear9' Letters of advios by return of post.—