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---i RURAL NOTES 4i > • —…

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i RURAL NOTES 4i > • — By Mr. J. Muir. Margam Abbey Glamorganshire, ANSWERS to CORRESPONDENTS. K Unless tn special cases, no replies will be sent to readers by post, but all inquiries will have prompt and careful attention under this heading, and we invite notes and questions on ALL rural subjects, f _')oooo¡; Doa STirF.-Il Fox Terrier."—An expert fears that your dog has acquired clirbnic rheumatism, probably from being left without exercise for a bag time at some period. Try Heald's hepatica aperient balls and give exercise constantly twice daily. DEFICIENT ASPAKAGUS BBD. Drot tWlCh. -You do not al the age ot your root. If they are very old and have decayed or died out here and there from old age you may plant again on the same Eosition, but if they have failed from the situation eing unfavourable for tbem you siioald select a new and better site. Droitwiob, with its salt con- nections, ought to be a favourable place for asparagus, but the roots will never succeed where there is stagnant moisture, and this kills many of them. Beds that are composed of only a root here and there, like yours, are never satisfactory or profitable, and planting new roots amongst old ones is not the best way. The whole of the old roots should be lifted, the soil deeply dug and wall manured, and a new plantation put in. Plant Jibe old roots together, and the young ones the Same* Plant from one foot to eighteen inches •part* and place the roots three inches below the surface. No matter what the texture of the soil may be, the bed should always be raised a little above the ordinary soil, as this will ensure more perfect drainage. If you aro buying in young toots, those two years old are a good age to pl,int. PBOPAGATTNG LAUttEts.—T. Brooks.—They are very easily propagated. I have frequently taken off shoots in November, put them in the ground, and found them rooted by April. The cuttings should be made of the wood formed during the summer. They should be cut over by where the new wood began to grow last spring. They should b» about JLft. in length, and they should ba inserted very firmly in the soil to the depth of 3in. or a little more. Å somewht sandy soil is the best for them rooting freely, and they should be put In a Sheltered corner. NAMES OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS.—"Amateur" (South Melford).-Tbe blooms are undersized, but your late culture of them would account for this. They are all kinds that are worth growing, and you should retain them1, li Beverley 2, "Be8ie Pitcher": 3,"liabolla Bott"; 4, "Mrs. Pixon"; 5, If Bob." TEMPERATURE FOB GREENHOUSE.—" P. R." (Halifax).-You do not say the class of plants you have in your greenhouse, but I presume they are of the usual sort. You will find a temperature of t5deg. to 55ieg. suit the bulk of them. A few degrees less In very severe weatuer-say 38- uld be safe. OLD FOWLS.—" T. W. P.You are one of the very few who advocate the keeping of old fowls. If a bird is a particularly good one, no matter what the variety may be, and has won many prizes, I approve of it being kept so long as it can be used for breeding. Such birds may be found six, eight, or more years old. But where egg pro- duction is the object apart from breeding, no hen Should be kept after it is two years old or three at the most. This has been so frequently and generally proved that it is accepted as a fact. Bool: ON MEASURING TimBRu.-Il Beginner. '1 Hoppus's Measurer" is generally recognised as the authority. Any stationer will procure it for you. As to whether autumn or spring planting is the best, it is a question of weather. If the weather is mild and free from frost, planting may be done with advantage In October and November, or, Indeed, all,thfl winter, as when February and March prove severe months, and planting cannot be done, it is soon found out to be a mistake not to have planted in autumn, I am glad you find these notes so acceptable. PEARS, PLUMS, POTATOES, &C.—" Mountain."— Six plums weighing lib. is an extra good weight, and I am pleased you have had so many. Your pear tree probably requires more pruning. If the branches are very close together you should remove half of them, and let the other part of the tree have more light and air. Try this, and if it k still sterile next summer you must root prune it. Button's Abundance and Ringleader potatoes are excellent sorts. The tufted pansiee are obtain- able from Messrs. Dobbie and Co., seedsmen, Rothesay, N.B. Any seedsman will supply you with double wallflower seed. Sow next April to produce plants that will flower the following spring. Should you want plants before that you utay probably find them offered in your market. FaUlT TUBE FOR NORTH-WEST SIDE OF HOUSB. -11 Flu mate& d.fhe Morella cherry would do well In this position, also the Victoria plum. I would prefer the cherry, but, perhaps, you could try both. Red and whitfe currants and goose- berries succeed admirably on this aspect. I have them trained up walls, where they fruit most pro. Susely every year. LARGE CHRYSANTHEMUMS.—" J. H."—The pro- duction of large flowers depends a good deal on Culture. In some banolt one sort may be observed with blooms not more thau 6in. across, while with others the same will ba double or more that width. As you have doubts as to any being more than 1ft. across, I measured one bloom of George Maclure to-day, and found it 13in. This is on a plant that has been knocked about a good deal. I have no doubt it might be larger under favourable conditions. Stolle de Lyon may also be grown to reach this, and I have seen M Condor" of equal proportions; NAME OF PLANT. W. D. B. Selum vero- scens." The sedums are commonly called atone- Crops. MILKING.—" Rochdale.^—A Dairymaid," reply- Ing to you, says you can only improve yourself at milking by practice, or, probably, you could get some experienced person to show you; then persevere in it. BIRDS DESTROYING FRCTT BUDS.—" Sereno."—It is very unusual for birds to destroy buds at this season, although tuey;often do much havoc amongst them when they are beginning to swell in topring. When you have a framework up over tin buahea it would certainly pay you to keep the netting in repair. At the same time you may post the bushes all over with lime. If this is done when they are moist the lime will adhere to them and prove distasteful to the birds. The time will plso destroy any moss or vermin that is on the bushes. 7 FESNS, &c.—« Azalea."—I cannot recogniec the tern from the small portion sent. Some ferns are Inclined to curl a* little at the ends of the fronds, but so long as your plant 7a so healthy as you say it is, it will be all right, and you cannot do better than continue the treat- ment you have been giving it. The asparagus Should not be overwatered in winter, just sufficient to keep it healthy, and it should be in a temperature of 55deg. or 60deg. The azalea would tiot catch a chill after being in the open air for a time. I think it must have suffered from being pry at the root, but by putting it in a warm, moist atmosphere it will soon produce a full display of healthy foliage again. It would do in the frame in the spring montbp, and you can keop it at rest Until then. FINGER AND Tox IN TURNI?S.— Carlisle." Thanks; the matter will have attention. MINORCA HLPN BLIND. CX. W. J.I hove had fowls go Wind as you describe, but, although they have been doctored, to restore the sight was never nieeeisful. I advise you to destroy it, as it will never be of any use to you again. ir:" 4 ■■ •J- MAKING NEW RASPBERRY PLANTATIONS, Amongst small fruits the raspberry should be most extensively grown. I never knew it to fail in producing a heavy crop, and the fruit is always valoable. It is one of the very choicest of all small fruits, and there is never a glut of it in the market. Indeed, in tnany markets it is never offered, and if it was, there would be a great run on it, as for preserving, making vinegar or tarts, it 18 Oxoellent. Gooseberries and ourrants may be rendered sterile by a spring frost, as their bloom is easily injured, but the raspberry does not flower very early and it is rarely injured by any cause. It will grow luxuriantly and fruit abundantly insoils and situations where other small fruits would be la failure. It is surprising that many do not jrrow raspberries wholesale for market, They would form a most remunerative crop in land Pre9eQ^_r^PrS^Jptiye, The best way of getting in young plantations of raspberries is to buy a quantity of plants from the nursery. They may be bought cheaply by the score, hundred, or thousand. It is impossible for anyone to buy old plants of them, as their habit of growth is such that they renew themselves every year. The rods that were formed in 1890 fruited in 1891, and now they are dead, but their places are taken by new ones formed during the summer. It is these that would be received when the plants were bought iD. PREPARING THE SOIL FOR RASPBERRIES. There is less expense in this than for any other kind of fruit. They do not root deeply, and may be grown in soil only Ift. deep, or even less. It is important that it be cleared of weeds, as the young plants do not agree with being choked up with them. The best way is to dig or fork it all over, remove the roots of weeds as this goes on, and add a good dressing of farmyard mannre. The object of cleaning well and manuring liberally at first is that when once they are planted they may go on for many years without being disturbed, and this saves re planting frequently. I have seen bushels of raspberries gathered from under fruit trees. They enjoy the moisture and shade generated by the trees, and those who plant them in such positions may not require to do much to the soil, especially if it is moderately rich and free from weeds. WHEN AND HOW TO PLANT. They should not be planted until the foliage has all fallen off. This will be in November, and they may be planted from then until the end of February. If they are trans- planted after the buds begin to swell they will be oheoked so much that they will fail to make good growth the first year, and a season's orop will be lost. They always have good roots, and there is no great art in planting them. They should not be put more than six inches below the sur- face, and the soil should be made very firm over them. In some oases they are planted from five to six feet apart, and allowed to grow into strong bushes. In others they are put in rows with six feet from row to row and one foot or so from plant to plant. This is a good way of dealing with them. As the fruit is easily secured when ripe, and it is well exposed to the air, one stake in the centre of each plant is suffioient for those put in as bushes, but when planted in rows a fence composed of posts and two rails can be put alongside of them to tie tha rods to. PRUNING RASPBERRIES. This does not require much time or skill. Indeed, the whole of their oulture is ex- tremely simple, hence the advantage they offer to amateurs. There are only two operations necessary in pruning them. The first is to cut away all the old decayed rods down to the level of the ground and remove and burn them. If the new rods are orowded, cut out a few of the weakest of them. Those remaining should have their tops out off at a distance of 5ft. or as near that as possible from the ground. Some out them down to 3ft., but this I do not approve of, as 2ft. more- above this would yield a lot of fruit. The rods when tied to a fenoe may be kept about 4in. apart, and so long as they are not very crowded they will never fail to bear. BEETROOT AND FROST, Beetroot will bear a few degrees of front without injury. If it is exposed to lOdeg. or more, it may not indicate injury immediately afterwards, but before it is long stored it will begin to shrivel, and long before the winter is over it will have decayed. Some allow it to remain out quite late, thinking that the foliage will protect it, but that is not suffi- cient, and all who wish to have it in good condition until May next must store at once. Amongst others, this applies to a correspon- dent who writes from the Isle of MAD. THE DORKING A LEADING FOWL. From time immemorial the Dorking has been regarded as a leading variety of fowl, but at times some of the other breeds have become more prominent, especially amongst what is termed the fancy." At the recent National Poultry Show, however, the merits of the Dorkings were again prominently recognised, as the highest prices paid for any birds in the show were given for them. One oockerel changed hands at jB76, a pullet at £ 35, another pullet 225, another P,12 12s., several at L15, and a hen at 221. This is highly enoouraoing for Dorking breeders, and will, no doubt, give the breed fresh interest to those who do not at present possess them. THE MERITS OF DORKING FOWLS. Some J ears ago I was the fortunate breeder and exhibitor of many first-prize Dorkings. Their quality was so good that they secured first at the National Show, and gave me an opportunity of knowing what a perfeot Dorking is. They are, undoubtedly, grand fowls. The dark greys and silver greys are the most popular. The former are often regarded as the more valuable, but why this should be I oould never understand. The silver Dorking is the prettiest. The darks are, perhaps, the heaviest, but they do not lay any better. They are all very hardy, quite as much so as any other fowl, although they are not always credited with being so. They are not the most prolifio of layers, and hardly come up to the average in this respeot, but as table fowls and massive birds of tho finest quality they have no equals. They are the proverbial old English fowl, and merit this distinction. Tbey are easily bred to colour, but it is most diffioult to secure-them in form of feet and quite white in these members. Size is one of their qualifications, and when too small they do not show the true Dorking oharacter. If properly aeleoled for breeding the progeny ill wonderfully empt from disease, as they grow fast, and they are valuable for the table long before flom" of the other breeds. No one could make a better investment in fowls than, by proouring a good peu of Dorkings. FARM ROADS. The present season has been a bad one for roads. Excessive wet is always most injurious to them, but while the highways and parish roads have suffered, it is the roads by farms —and that are kept up by the farmers—that have suffered most. These, as a rule, are never very good at the best of times, and a wet season plays much havoo with them. There is no economy in a farmer keeping his roads in poor order, for a rough road shakes the oarts, wagons, &o., to pieoes, and it also tells on the horses. Indeed, time and money spent in keeping farm roads in good repair is always pro- fitable, Those out of repair should be put in order as soon as possible. There are always stones being gathered from the land. Instead of putting these in heaps in out-of-the-way Plaoes, they should invariably be put on the roads. That this may be convenient, and save woar and tear, the ruts should always be well filled with moderate-sized stones. The oentre should always be kept well up above sides to cause the water to run off freely. H Kone *he most important points of all, as it is the water lodging so much oo the roads that spoils them, EARLY BROCCOLI, The time is fast approaohing when vege- tables will be very soaroe. Already many ohenoe kinds have perished &nd oannot be renewed until next year Savoys and Brussels sprouts will soon be the only available greens, but where many early broccoli were planted, they ought to be now proving very useful. They will fnot bear a great deal of frost, indeed, six degrees or so will injure them, and when they are forming they should bd looked over almost daily to see that none of the heads are too much exposed. So long as they are covered with the leaves they will not take much harm, but in the time of frost it is not safe to leave them to gain any great size, and they may be cut when the size of a tea- oup. They should be divested of most of their leaves, and the end of the stem attaohed to the head put in sand, when by keeping them in a oool shed^hey will give a supply for weeks. They^must be cut before being in the slightest way injured by frost, THE EXPERIENCE OF AN AMATEUR. This is always welcome. Mr. F. W, Reuss remarks:— Your notes are always read with pleasure, and myself and gardener have received many hints from them. Lately you referred to certain kinds of vines, the fruit of which might be kept until Christmas. I know the various sorts very well, excepting Lady Downes, 'and, as amateurs like to hear of the experience of amateurs, I venture to give mine, which extends over six- teen years. Of black Alicante I hav# some nice bunches hanging, and they will keep well till Christmas or longer. It is not a fine (eater, skin rather thick, and not prolific, like the Black Hamburg.' Respecting Gros Colman,' I would not advise anyone to plant ajsingle vine of this sort. The bunches and berries are large, and may be kept till February, but their flavour is no better than common plums. I have already thrown out three vines of it, and the last will be cut off soon and I mack Ham- burg' grafted on it. List, February it could be bought in the Leeds Market at h. 6d. per lb. Some years, do what you may, the berries crack. My gardener has been in despair in order to pre- vent the sap flowing too fast towards the fruit. He split every branch and inserted a piece of wood, Lut all in vain. One year I had to cut 34 bunches as they were all bursting and decaying before they were half ripfl, whereas the I Black Hamburg' next to it did splendidly. I Gros Maroc' is a splendid vine the bloom on the berries is exquisite-a real piclure. The skin is rather thick, but the flavour if excellent. I have not found it so prolific as the Black Hamburg,' but with caro the bunches hang till Christmas. The house is kept about 60deg., with a little air on by opening the lights. There is a sort you do not include, and, although not prolific, is worth having. It is named I Madresfield Court.' It belong- to the Muscat type, ripens early, end has a most exquisite flavour. It does not bear fruit wry year; at least, this is my experience. P.S.-Pullets, April hatched, splendid condition, large grass run, well housed, fed daily on warm stuff, and ne eggs yet. Is this general ?

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