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THE MARDY COLLIERY EXPLOSION.

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THE MARDY COLLIERY EXPLOSION. THE INQUEST. The inquiry into the circumstances attending the deaths of Daniel Williams, overman, and others killed by the explosion at Mardy Colliery, Rhondda Facta Valley, was resumed at the Assembly-room, Mardy Hotel, on Tuesday morning, before Mr. T. Williams, coroner. Among those present were:— Mr. Liddell, representing the Home Office; Mr. Simons, Merthyr, for the colliery proprietors Mr. Locket, chairman of the proprietary; Mr. W. Thomas, Brynawel; Mr. J. L. Thomas. Nant- welyn; Mr- Griffith Thomas, resident manager at Mardy Mr. Lusty, Cardiff; Mr. T. E. Wales, In- spector of Mines; Mr. E. W. Randall, deputy- inspector Mr. E. Owen, secretary of the Miners' Permanent Provident Fund; Dr. Parry, Ferndale, and Mr D. Evans, Bodringallt- The inquiry, practically opened on Tuesday, though previously opened in a formal manner. excited less attention in the immediate neighbour- hood than such inquiries generally do. There .vere but few present besides those directly cnn- erned. One reason is that the colliery in which .he explosion occurred was looked upon as a piendidly-managed one, and there are no startling revelations expected unless they happen to be of <t scientific character. The evidence called was mainly of a technical character. The coroner first all went, through the list of the dead, and the evidence of identification, therefore, took con- siderable time. Then came the testimony of officials as to he general arrangements at the clliery and the state of the ventilation prior to the explosion and immediately after it. The Coroner, in his opening address, said that hey were met that da, to resume the inquiry into he circumstances attending the deaths which 'esulted from the explosion at the Mardy Colliery m the 23rd ult. The jury were formally sworn to inquire into the death of Daniel Williams, over- man, but the evidence which would be given upon tuat case would be equally applicable to all the others except as to the immediate causes of death. The causes of death would be under three oifferent heading-bnrns, suffocation, and deaths trom violence other than burns. He proposed to adopt the following course of procedure :—First of all to call evidence of identity, 'hen evidence as to the immediate cause of death in each case. This would be followed 1:1, formal evirlence 0f the explosion on t he 23rd ult. They would then proceed to familiarise themselves with the workings of the colliery, plans of which would be produced and following that they would investigate the method of ventilation, and also the etSclency of the ventilation, of the colliery. He snouid then take evidence as to the condition in which tho mine was for some time previous to, and as shortly previous as possible to. the explosion. They would hear the evidence of some of the per- sons who were in the mine at the time of the ex- plosion, f1nd who would dpcrihe to them. as far as they were able, the incidents of the explosion. They would then hear the evidence of the recuerq. which would be followed by scientific evidence, including the evidence of the inspectors of mines for the district. The latter would speak as to the probable cause of the explosion. He was very pleased to find that the Home Office had sent down counsel to aid them in the investigation, and he trusted that the inquiry would result in a true solution of the cause of the explosion. Joseph Williams, 17, North-terrace, was then called to give evidence as to the identification of lis brother, Daniel Williams. overman. 33, North- :errace, Mardy, who met with his death in the colliery explosion on the 23rd ult. Inspector Jones and Police-Constable Llewellyn, stationed at Porth, and Police-Sergeant Lewis, stationed at Ferndale, were then called to give evidence as to the identification of the remainder flt the bodies. Mr. Liddell said that, as there was nobody pre- sent epresenting the men he would suggest that, after the coroner had concluded with a witness, Mr. Simons who represented the employers, should next question the witness, and he would put any questions which he might think fit after- wards. The Coroner concurred with the suggestion, and said that he had received a letter from "Mabon, dated from Gloucester, stating that he expected to be sworn in as a member of Parliament that day, and. if so, he would attend the inquiry on Wednes- day morning. Dr. Parry was next called. He said Daniel Williams's death was due to suffocation. He was slightly burnt. The list of killed was proceeded with. and the witness described the cause of death and injuries in each case. He and Dr. Evan Jones. Aberdare. examined the dead together, and they both agreed. He then went on to describe the condition of the injured persons not killed. Taliesin Edward Richards, book clerk and sur- veyor at the Mardy CoHiery, stated that he remem- bered the colliery explosion on the 23rd ult. It happened at about twenty minutes to three in the afternoon. He was about ten yards below the office, nearer the pit. He heard a loud report, and at the same moment saw a large cloud of dust and smoke rising above the downcast pit He did not see any flame or fire or sparks ot any kind. He instantly ran down to I the top of the pit. As he passed by he looked at the fan and saw that it was travelling all right, so far as he could judge. Ho then hastened to the top of Xo. 2 Pit. The gates and the protecting rails at the sides were blown out, and the sheet- iron roof was blown off. He met Mr. Wm. Thomas, went down first, in company with Daniel Thomas and hitcher Jones, as far as the Abergorky Seam. He found a large current of air coming from the Abergorky Seam which was different to what it should te. He went into the workings, and as he got back from the landing he saw a lot of men had come back from the face. He asked if anyone had been hurt, and they said No." He was told that the doors were blown tway, and several went with him, and they found .he doors blown away. He found one of the doing what he could to dam up the air ;o as to restore the natural ventilation of the downcast pit. He came back to the bottom of the pit and waited till all the men had gone up except those engaged in the work mentioned. He then went up to the top in order to go down to the Four j Feet Landing. He went down to the Four Feet I Landing, and finding no one there, all of the men having gone out, he remained there .1. couple of hours. The Four Feet Landing was about 100 yards below the Abergorky. John Res Williams, assistant to Mr. Wm. Thomas. Brynawel, said that he prepared the plan of the colliery from which the lithographs which had been handed to the jury were produced. It was copied from the working plan of the colliery. The plans were put all right up to within three weeks nf the accident. By Mr. Wales He was last down the pit about three weeks before the explosion. He had never seen a naked light anywhere in the north dip, except in the lamp station. Griffith Thomas, manager of the Mardy Colliery, stated that he had been manager there since October, 1379. There were two shafts. No. 2 was the downcast and No. 1 the upcast. The depth of the downcast was nearly 280 yards, and the depth of the upcast was the same to the Four Feet. They worked two seams from the upcast and three from the downcast, [The witness then gave details as to the positions i of the different seams.] The colliery was venti-! lated by a Waddle fan. He reckoned to get; 200,000 cubic feet of air a minute from The uir was divided into eight splits in Xo. 2 Pit. The 200,000 cubic feet of air all came first to the Four Feet Landing. Into the No. 1 something like 90.000 feet of gas went, so that there would be about 110.000 feet left for the other workings. There were about 600 men employed in the Four Feet, Six Feet, and Two Feet Nine-inch Seams. He found that volume of air ample for the working of the colliery. It was steam coal, and in some places gave off large quantities of gas. The colliery was rather dry and dustv. It was worked with safety lamps. On the main Intakes up to the lamp stations they used naked lights. When they had been con- structing an archway in the pit previous to the explosion they used safety lamps. There was a "comet on the ground. He thought it was right to have a naked light there, so that the men might. see overhanging stones. He was in there on the day of the explosion, the first, thing in the morn- ing. The "comet" was then just above the mortar. In the Stone Drift they used only locked lamps. They did the repairing bv night-, and sent, up very little coal. They had shots fired there by day and night, but especially by night. By Mr. Simons: He had tried for gas many times near the archway, where falls Imdoben, but! bad never found any. By Mr. Liddell The ventilation was arranged according to a plan of his own. He had been manager at Cwmaman Colliery, which was adjoin- ing The same kind of coal was <^ut there as3 at the Mardy Colliery. Before that }ie -,vas manager ot a colliery in Car- marthenshire. It was anthracite coal in that colliery. The barometer was in the fan engine- house He had two overmen under him, who were I responsible in his absence. They had been with him ever since he had been at the Mardy Coihery They could both read and VI rite. He went down into the pit every day the first thing in the morning. The ventilation was measured monthly by his assistant, the book clerk. They had had blowers reported during the past twelve months, but there had been no heavy accumulations, and the men had not been withdrawn at all during that period. No naked lights would be used without his permission. He gave leave daily. On the day of the explosion his leave was asked, and he gave it- The lamps were locked in the lamp stations at the bottom of the pit by the fireman. The coal was very dusty. The dust was cleared out daily from some parts of the colliery, but there W-.13 no record kept of the different places as they were cleared. The dust was first watered. Expe- riments had recently been made showing that dust was a verv dangerous element in coal mines. He had been present when shots were fired: They did not raise dust to anv great extent. The inquest was then adjourned till Wednesday, The inquest upon the bodies of the persons kihed by the recent explosion at the Mardv Colliery was resxuned on Wednesday at the Mardy Hotel Assembly-rooms, before Mr. T. Williams, coroner. Mr Griffith Thomas, manager oi the colliery, stated that the work at the arches was commenced about four months ago. Thev tested the cavities before the ventilating hole was made. He and the fireman consulted as to the permission to use naked lights. The permission he gave in regard to the arches was for those attending the masons to use a" comet" on the ground, and not to take u ;her than the lower stage. The fact that they made a ventilating hole proved the place to be dangerous, but he relied upon the airway for r -.king it out of that description. There had been m that part no falls of any magnitude within months of the accident. There were no cavities of any size between the arches and the pit bottom. Witness was in the stone heading within a week of the accident. There had been no trace of gas reported there: Prior to I the explosion they had a sheet put there to carry air up to the very top. The shotman was David Edwards, who was alive. He had general authority. There was a fire in the airpit going up to the Four Feet Seam in March. There was a blower in the vicinity—ten or thirteen yards below—but the shot ignited some hay before it ignited the blower. That blower was so small that he thought it quite safe. Gave permission for the firing of the shot. Not more than 4lbs. of cartridges were allowed to be taken down. Did not authorise any naked lights in the south-west heading. There were fixed naked lights between the partings and the pit bottom. The lamp station in the north was about 770 yards from the pit bottom, but he was not certain without referring to the plan; that in the south-west was nearly 900, in the main west 600 or 700, north- east about 500, and south-east something similar. Mr Liddell remarked that Mr. Wales had added up the distances and made out that there were 2,618 yards of ground where naked lights might be used in this colliery, and in such a dusty and gaseous mine did not Mr. Thomas consider that rather a dangerous limit for allowing the use of naked lights Witness: No, I do not. Mr. Liddell: Is it in accordance with your ex- perience in South Wales ? Witness: I have seen them much further than that, even a mile, and always safe. Mr. Liddell said the witness could not. of course, tell as to the safety, but he again asked whether in a mine of this character, where, of course, in the headings there was a large amount of dust con- stantly found owing to the passage of trams to and fro, he did not consider it dangerous having 2,613 yards of the dusty part of the mine in which naked lights might be used. Witness: I do not call it at all dangerous. Proceeding, the witness said there were men em- pioyed in laying the dust. There were instructions given to render the place as safe as possible. Watering was done wherever necessary. It had been done ever since he went there as manager, and before. Had a barometer in his house, but. being in a hurry, did not look at it on the morning of the explosion. That was an oversight, he supposed. Had formed no theory as to the origin of the accident. By Mr. Wales Shots were fired wherever re- quired and it was safe. There was no place in the colliery that he had ever heard of as being unsafe for firing when that was necessarv. By Mr. W. Abraham, M.P.: Witness said he went int) the colliery on the morning of the explosion and visited the arches. Tbe "comet" was then hanging on the post at the side, above the mortar. Did not have the "comet" in his hand. It was taken off the nail when lie was there. The stage was about 6ft. from the ground. There was a sheet on the" in-take inside those arches previous to the explosion. It was there while they were about the arches. There was only a part of a sheet there on the morning of the explosion. His attention was not called to any gas at the arches except after the explosion. W.J.. not aware that that sheet had been moved at any time previous to the explosion in order to throw air up to the cavity. There was an extra sheet put on after the explosion in order to "sweeten the stone drift. The ordinary ap- pliances were not sufficient to clear the gas that accumulated after the explosion. The explosion blew away the sheets. In reply to the Foreman of the Jury (Mr. Thompson) witness said one man employed at the arches at the time of the explosion was there from the beginning. Neither the men then employed there nor their predecessors ever complained of gas there. By Mr. Simons After the explosion, and in con- sequence of it. there were several blowers and accumulations which I had never before seen. Daniel Hellesv, fanman, described what he heard and saw at the time of the explosion, viz., a report and a cloud. The explosion did not affect the revolutions of the fan. David Edwards, day fireman of the north-west district, who gave the greater portion of his evidence in Welsh, had occupied that position since two years last March. His district only included the north-west and the four three-fourths in the south-west. (Report book handed in.) An entry in the report book showed that he found a smail blower in the first west level, off second north- west dip on the 19tii of December, four days prior to the explosion, also in the fifth stall, first west dip, but without accumulation of gas. He frequently found blowers and small quantities of gas in different parts of the pit. When going round the workings he marked the places with ciialk-tiie date-and, if unsafe, he put cross timbers there as well as a mark. Visited the north-west district on the morning of the explosion and found it safe. Shots were fired in the drift day and night. He fired those in the day. Did not fire any shots on the morning of the day on which the explosion happened. Was in the stone drift about a quarter past eight. Noticed two holes there that had been fired. Did not see any other holes that had been prepared. Knew where the arching was. They had been at it four or five months. Examined the cavities in the roof bove the arches. Never found any gas in the stone drift. Then, as to the arches, he examined them by reaching up a lamp on a stick. The stick was left at that spot for the night fire- man. The airway was put there ready before there would be any gas. That was done as a precaution. This was done because it was high, and those were places in which gas would be likely to accumulate. There was a piece of a sheet used there. The men used a naked light on the ground there: Did not see it alight, bnt it was on the ground; The masons and IaBO'HWtS Rt Hie anh uri»Lw wwth-vresfc dtp used locked lamps—those working up in the arch. Had instructions from the manager to permit the use of a comet" there also. Would not have done it without his instructions. Had found gas in that arch after the explosion -t bout a week later. Before firing a shot he examined a place with a safety lamp to see if it was safe, and sometimes watered it, but could not say whether he had done the latter six times during last year. The overman had charge of the watering as a rule, but he (witness) did it in the absence of the overman sometimes. Gave the overman assistance, that is when he asked for it. There were not two shots a day fired they might put down one. By Mr. Simons: For some days before the ex- plosion there had been a ladder for use in the cavity above the arches. He used it on the morn- ing of the explosion. There had been a drib- Wing" there about the day of the explosion and the rubbish had to be cleared. Found no gas in the airway or the packing above it. There was a tram of rubbish in the stone heading at the time of the explosion. No one had a right to fire a shot there in the daytime except himself. Gave no permission, and knew of no preparations for it. There was a hole there now. The black of the powder would be found even in the stump of a hole. Had found a new "hole "in the facing of the hard heading. It had never been fired. Had only seen it since the explosion. It had not been fired, for it was not blackened with powder. It was an up-hole in the top. When a hole was tired he and other firemen withdrew the men into a place of safety. When the explosion occurred he (witness) was in the face of that heading. Noticed a change in the 4ir, which indicated that something had occurred. He gathered the men from the district, and turned down to the four doors. Came across the straight into the stable, and found the doors blown in. Close to the return there wag ,t horse and tram.! The horse was suffocating. Found he could not go up the in-take. He then retired with the men into the return, and took them to the main door, where he Mt them safely. Told some of the men to follow the incline and go up. Then went back. His son lost his life. Remained in the bottom district until he saw every man come out alive that. could. Went to the other side and found the men coming out. Eventually, all he p thought were alive were sent out. Five or six ujen came after. The main door was just outside the arches. He afterwards met Mr. Thomas and went to the surface. Mr. Simons: L think it is well for you toknow this man's cool courage under the circumstances. The Witness continued: The four doors in the return had been blown down. Uri his way lie passed Philip Richards, who was failing, and had to leave him there to die. Before witness got to the lamp station the return had begun to be very foul. Had to remain in the foul air for some hours. Had found the men dead at the arching before that. He (witness) was the first to go down the intake to the arching after the explo- sion. and saw some of the bodies there. Saw also :t hod there by a heap of mortar. It was standing -not knocked down. The ladder was also in its position. The woodwork, timbering, and pack- ing were in the same condition as in the morning. There was no fall in or dribblings from the cavity. Th"re was only some dust there. There were three or four bodies this side of the place where the masons were working, and two or three on the other side. Some of the timbers leaning towards the pit were in the same position before the explosion. The borer of the hole in the roof was found afterwards close to the hole. There was a powder can also close by. No borer would have fired a shot with the powder can close by. In reply to Mr. Abraham, the witness said that perhaps three months prior to the explosion he found some trace of gas in the cavity, but was certain he knew of no sheet having been put up there to clear the gas. He tried it three times on the day he now referred to, and the first time it showed a blue cap, but the second and third time he tried it there was none. By the Coroner: He did not find the -1 comet" at the arch after the explosion: Did not think it had been found. By Mr. Liddell: The comet" was used in the roadway underneath where the trace of gas was found, but when the rule as to naked lights being used within th.ee months after the discovery of an ov accumulatian of gas was pointed out to him the witness remarked that this was not an accumula- tion. The dust was watered with a bucket, and sometimes they had a cask. It was the overman's duty to see to the laying of the dust, but he assisted him occasionally. Removed the dust from the headings every day. By Mr. Wales The dust in the unfired hole was white. Mr. Wales said lIe had examined it himself and coald find no difference between that and that of the other holes. Bv the Foreman The stick used to put the lamp in the cavity was about two yards long, and enabled him to reach the top. The inquest w is then adjourned until Thursday.

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