Weekly Mail

MISCELLANEOUS FARM NOTES (FROM om AGRICULTURAL CONTiatPOBARISS.) THE SEASON. As harvest approaches we feel greater coafi- ieLce in the character of the season. The bloom- ing 01 the wheat has passed off well over a great pait of the oountry. There has been no heavy sterna of wind, but a pleasant genial heat, inter- apctsed with showers, have given ample opportu. nity for the fertilisation of the grain. Judging from what we see around us, the prospects of a wheat crop are over average. In many cases, unfortunately, wheat lost plant ia the winter, and will never be able to recover itself; but where 1.J.tiflt is a good plant we may look forward to a good crop. The prospect of a barley crop is even brighter than that fw wheat, and we seldom re- number Beemg a better developed straw and ear. Oata are a little short, but well eared, and likely to be well filled 1 duo time. Altogether the agricultural situation 18 infinitely more hopeful than it was a year ago. We can indeed soarcaly look back upon J'OJY, 1879, without shuddering,so sadly were we doomed *o failure and disappoint' men. It must be added that it ia always difficult from any one locality to speak with confidence of the teason, while we write, in all probability, tome are groaning over the excessive rains of Jute, 1880. Among other Bubjacta for grafcuiation is the improved atate of the sheep market. After a vague feeling of dread that our flocks were permanently depreciated in value owing to Ameri. can competition, we have once mJrJ witnessed aa improvement ia the value of wool, and a riae in the price of sheep beyond what we might reason- ably have hoped tor. It only now requires a good premise of an abundant root crop to secure goci prices for store lambs as well as for fat ones. This promiee has, we may almost aay, been given by the recent welcome rains. We want no extraor- dinary season in order to fulfil it. but only a fair t now to October. We are nov busy getting in jeUow turnipe. Swedes are up, ^XgT^ow is up^S^a^ooS? second crop. Meadows, which at one timl seemed kkelyto produce a light crop ^f h £ r are now yielding a very heavy cut. pLtu^a have freshened up, and our soarcity of keeo hla become plenty*

THE LESSON OF FORTY YBA.R3. The thanks, not enly of agrioulturiata, but of the community, are due for the valuable informa- tion contaiceo in ilr Morton's moat interesting aid itatractive paper lately read before the Soc.et? of Arte—a tecord of long experienae and r.h«. rvation cf the progress of agriculture in both England and Scotland. The diagrams relating to the Huntingdon all ire and Scotch farms deserve the seriona attecticn of all persona interested in the important question that is forcing itsel.f on ne agriculturist, ram-y. aza tdj j bene- nted or the reverse by the employment of foreign nutritious Eubstanco3, in eosi unction with taa root and grsea crops of their fafm?, ia tha avn- tMtuTe of A-d are thair oeraal increased in productiveness by the applisa-io i of mac urea largely derived from the 11;6 of fool raajed from the soil, and fcr-iga to tha crops that thty grow? Or, in othsr words, ara the ooiiati- iuenta o! the soil which have become of the that they grow (wVa; ana barlsj), and removed frcm the acil revered, by ra'u.'C.itg excreta derived from substances, chisfly oleagia- one, used aa food ? M'1ch light ia thrown upoa these important questions by a osraful examina- tion of the diagrams ia illustration of the Eagliab farm—a type cf the decern tystca of dcper.denua upon imported snhstaccsa in the fatiejnjig 01 cattle and sheep, as the Scotch farm ia aJ. cn- aample cf the cld-f^Bhionad aji:ezn. mi'-drg t':e farm provide si&ialy isa own meana for aapporting tha atcck a pea it. The diagrams disclose the following faefs. Upoa the Ergluh farm, containing 541 acirea, daring twenty four years, commencing 1355, vshau tad farm aitaked ita liKjaat prcportit^a, snm received frcm the flock amounted to Jt3 ),0" ) from the he'd, .t32,S9,s; and from tha aala of gram, ^57,1S0; the gross aggregae tto: amount- ing to-6120,125, or .£9 5a per acre par annani. During that period the cost or purchai.3d manure and stock feedirg etuffa amounted to iM0.8X> — JE1,700 per annum, .£3 2a lOd per acre per anaam. This sum deducted from the gross reiJbioit3 the net sum of .£79.5-.£3,3 per JE6 2a 4d per acre-to meet the charges for labour, interest, The Scotch farm. containing 600 acres, dariog tie similar period of 24 years, returned from the flcck ii54,300; from the here1, -633,125 and from the grain sold, £25,625-tlle gross aggregate total amounting to .£113,050-£7 178 per acre per annum. The cost of cattle food purchased during that pericd amounted to per annum, or 4a lOd per acre per cnaum. This aum being deducted tram the grosa totallaavea the net sua of £109,935-.£4..581) per annum, or i27 12a 8d per acre—to meet the charges for rant, labour, &3. Showing an exceaa of reoeipta in favour of the Scotch farm cf .£1 lOa 4i per acre per annum; amounting to £910 per annum, or, for 24 years, .£21,810. The flock and the herd upon the English farm returned during the 24 years ..£62,945-.£417a per acrapar annum. The Scotch farm from the same sources returned .£87,425 -£6 la M per acre per annum. This result appears very discouraging when we consider the immense outlay of capital upon the English farm in purchased food. Upon considering the remarkable results arising from an exposition of the two eyaiema of farming may we not attribute the causa of the present depression to arias in a great measure from the excessive use of inii-ortea eubatancea, chicfly X> £ oilcakes ?

GABDEN 5FTHE FARM. GBEBNHOUSK, ffTS, AND FRAMES.—Plants nnaer glass seem to be making as free a growth now as their congeners outside, and must be assisted where their root apace ia restricted with liquid manures given weak and often. Inaeota, and greenfly especially, multiply in aatounding numbers, and if not kept under by fumigation and other meats, Boon do more harm than ia at firat apparent. On hot days all plants more or leas feei. the effects of the arid atmosphere, and if not in flower should be well syringed in the afternoon, those in bloom having their pots well moistened outside by the same means. THE I LOWEB GAEDBN.—The principal work in this department just now consists in mowing and rolling the grass at regular intervals, cutting the edgings, weeding and sweeping walks, and regulating the growths of the plants in the beds and borders. There are few soft wooded plants that will not strike root at this season out-of- doors, so that in every garden there ahould be a oorner where all straggling or too rampant grow. ing shoots cut off plants in the beds can be put in as cuttings. They will make fine plants by autumn for keeping through the winter. HARDY FKUIT AND VEGETABLE GARDEY.-It is of the utmost importance that at this season, when the hardy fruit trees are growing freely, that every effort should be made in the first place to keep them clean and free from insecta; and next to keep the young shoo HI well thinned out, so that those which ara lafc may derive tzie greatest possible benefit from the actio a of sun and air. Upon the thorough ripeaing of the wood in aUčlmn by these means depenua, in a vary great measure, the extent and quality of the next season's crop, therefore the trees should not be forgotten, even though work may be preaaing in other directions.

THE MANGEL MAGGOT, An agricultural pest has appeared in Cheshiie, whica tnreatens to destroy the entire mangel crop. A fly has settled on the mangel fields, which blows a maggot ultimately developing to half an icoh in length. The worm attaoks the plant and clears everything before it. On Baron Sohroeder's eatate at Nautwioh this pest has been terribly destruc- tive, and reports of great havoc wrought by the maggot are general throughout West Cheshire and borth Shropshire.

A NEW PHASE OF STEAM OaLTl. VATION. The Times thus writes of an implement which The Farmer first illustrated two years ago:—A new era appears to be opening in the history of steam cultivation. As the nrat steam ploughing was the novelty at the Soyal Agricultural dooiety's Carlisle meeting in 1855, so at the Carlia.e abow of 1880, wbich commenced on Saturday, the great mechanical feat is steam digging. And one result will certainly be to revive the interest of agri- culturists in the whole question of applying steam power to tillage. The advent of the steam digger is of value for redirecting attention to the promise which lies in steam husbandry. A new departure is taken; another competing eyatem enters the field. In addition to the ateam plough hauled by wire rope, the public have now Defore them the steam digger—either'attached behind an engine travelling upon the land or driven by a light flying rope from the engine stationed at a distance. But only a very theoretical or sanguine person will imagine that the wire rope modea of working are at all likely to be displaced by the adoption of revolving diggers. There is abundant rcom in the country for many systems of applying the power of a steam engine to cultivation; and ncne need jostle another in attempting to baniah half half the draught horses now consuming corn and provender which ought to feed animals for milk and meat. One new invention which ia to come before the judges at Carliale is the digging engine patented by Mr T. C. Darby, of Pleahey Lodge, near Chelmsford; and on the Bame occasion we may expect to see the flying rope digging machine invested by Mr J. H. Knight, of Weybourne, near Farnham. Having been present at a field trial of the Darby engine, we can describe in a few worda what it is like, and what measure of sucoesa appeara in ita performance. Those who wondered at the first combination of huge forks, levers, and eccentrics would now Bcaroely recog- nise the invention in ita present guise. The whole of the details of construction have been thoroughly well worked out for strength with lightness by the makers, Messrs J. and H. McLaren, of the Midland Engine Works, Leeds. The principle" of the machine is aa followa =— applying the motive power at the point where the work is, involving the employment of an engine travelling upon the land with the tilling apparatus following; effecting the cultivation by direot acting tines or blades, instead of by the wedge. and-twist action of the ploughshare and mould board utilising the thrust of the toola ia a backward direction to aid the propulsion of the engine forward and taking a great breadth at once with a slow rate cf advance, in order to transport the engine over the ground as seldom as possible in proportion to the area of work done. Width is obtained by making the boiler, which serves as the base for the supporting brackets and framing, about 17 faat long thia being accomplished in the caae of the preaant eight horse power boiler by placing the fire box in the middle, with a tubular boiler extending right and left to two smoke boxes and funnels, one at each end. One advantage cf thia arrac ge- ment is that.iOn sloping ground, the water always maintains the same level over the crown of the fire box; and, when the tubes at the highest end are left above the water, burning is prevented by simply diverting the exhaust steam, and conse- quently the whole draught, from the fire to the lower end of the boiler where the tubes are covered by the water. The engine restB upon four wheels, set transversely under the boiler, so that the direction of progress is broad Bide on; the equilibrium of the machine being maintained by a frame projecting in the rear, and tunning upon a number of cutting diaos, which, as they roll, subdivide the pieces of soil delivered from the digging- forks. Three huge forks suspended from a crank shaft mounted be. hind the boiler operate upoa a-breadth of 20 feet at once, these forks measuring over 6' feet apiece in width., and successively striking the ground after the manner of a three-throw pump. Each fork riaes and falls one foot, and is canted back- ward a distance of two feet, the sod or slice dug oft from the whole ground being deposited at the back of an open trench or furrow and turned over, so that the face of stubble or sward rests against the back of the preceding alice. The process has been described as ploughing so many sections of furrow about seven feet long, but cutting and turning them over crosswise inatead of length- wise the action thua being direct, and the power applied in the plane of movement of the slice, instead of at right angles with the plane of movement, as in ploughing. The operation, aa we saw it in a stiff, moist Boil, is thoroughly effected s the slices are severed and lifted, leaving a furrow bottom level; and, instead of the pieces falling irregularly or expos- ing herbage on the aurfaoe, the inversion is as complete as in ordinary ploughing—with the ex. ception of the edge which, in the best ploughing upon grass cr lea, is turned under by employing a skim coulter.. The remarkable feature in the performance is that a single cylinder engine of eight horse power nominal, working with 70 lbs. pressure of steam, digs, at the rate cf 10 acras per cay, land that takes three horses to plough an acre per day at the same depth. The problem of this extraordi. nary economy of power ia for sngineers to study. The inventor claims that hia method of severing and turnirg over the spit or slice approximately engages the amount of motive power which theory assigns to the work, avoiding the great loss by friction aud coheBion of wet sticky earth upon a ploughshare and mould board. He claims alao that the diggers in penetrating the ground ease the weight cf the engine to a considerable extent off the travelling wheels, and alao by their back action drive the oBgina forward.

HOLLOWAY S PILLS.—Diarrhoea and Bowe Ccmplamts.—^These maladies are evor prasent and ( ltft unattended frequently terminate fatally, it should fce everywhere known that both cholera and aianlKBi originate in the presence of some undigested substance in tke stomach or bowels, cr some deleterious matter in the blood, and that Holiowaj'a PiUa can expel Minor with ease and expedition. They concentrate in a sur- prising degree purifying, alterative, regulative, aaa Btreugtheuirg quaJities, and thna exert over every internal orn the wholesomely .ceatreliiEg influence so necessary for subduing excessive action in tha hnm&n frame. Holiowaj'a medicine may be advantage- v j D neans of keeping the blood pure and tue body cool-the only practicable plan of maintaimng n<a:tfc in youth, manhood, and old age.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SCCIETY. ANNUAL • M3ETJ>G OF THE CÅDIFF AUXILIARY. ADDRESS BY THE DE iN OF LL iNDAFF. Tre e-rccal meeting of Cardiff Auxiliary to the lifiusb and foreign isooisty was held at the AseembiV rooma of the Cardiff Town hall on iiOEdAy evtnirg, under the presidency of Bishop Perry. Amocg these present were The Very Rav t-be Dean of Llandsff, Reva. H. Burton, ri. Griffi:h, A. G. Russell, Geo. Davidson, Andrew Davies, J. Waits, A. Tilly, Alderman Leiil, Met Bis J. Cory, Lewis Williams, G. F. WeOb, &o. The Rev. C'HAJRMAN said thst at the request of the C(-UiJii?itee he had consented to xasa the onair. tie very much reg?ett«d tnat tie Mayor of Cardiff had llÜ; ceen able to occupy it. TIlls Wi) the 7tha yv:&r cf the institution of the scciary. H doubled whether any cf thorn re»liced what W*l*3 was bece the tiible .Society g1.. then th 15.hie. Ii Waies, tpeakisg row ia tbe character of a Y/ehc.~ man—vhear, hear)—for the time being, ho Bid be tore the formation or the Uisia Soeiety it was impossible for most persona to obtain a copy of tha Scriptures, which were absolicely nnkai v.i in ihe couctiy, and he looked upon tho ork of the Bibla society as one of the providential de. aiges of God; Mr. LEWIS WILLIAMS read the genial report of the society, and mentioned that he had received two letters of apology fcr noa-attendaaca. The writers, JMr. Capper and Mr R. Cory, jun., each contributed a guinea. The speaker thought tte Sunday School Centeaary had brought before them some of the benefits of thia society. He rejoiced to find that in the latter part of the last century the society still adhered to its original Catholic programme. There had been issued during the year, 1,375,000 Bibles, and at depots abroad, 1,400,000. a There had been 83,000,000 Biblea distributed since the establishment of the society. The income had been as against the eale of the Scriptures was i?99,731, aa against JslC6,OCO the previous year. The leaser receipts in the latter instance were due no doubt to inability to buy the Scriptures. The total inoome of tho society was £ 213,000, and the total pay- ments, J6193.COO. In previous years they had to refer to great and increaaing debt, but now he had to report that an equilibrium existed between the receipts and expenses. It was very gratifying that they had not only been able to hold their own, but had gone forward. In concluding, he mentioned that the Very Rev the Dean of Llandaff had consented to become a president of the Cardiff Auxiliary. Mr W. PRIcE presented the financial report of the Cardiff Auxiliary for the year ending March, 1880. The total reoeipta amounted to £3:W 12a Id, and the expenditure amounted to the aame sum. There had been 3,324 Bibles add during the year, which was a considerable increase. He gave a detailed account of the financial state of the balance-sheet, and mentioned that he • had received from the Rev. A. G. Russell the sum of .-£4 10a 53, which had been collected laat yeas and this at St. Stephen's Church. Dr. ANDREW DAVIES, Swansea, said the British and Foreign Bible Societywae an old friend of hia, and for very many years he had been connected with it. He was glad of the opportunity of coming before a Cardiff audience for the first time. Ha proposed tha adoption of tha report, and that it be plinted. The Rev. GEO. DAVIDSON seconded the motion, and referred tu the mortality of bocks," in refer- ence to which he was glad to find from statistics that there was a continual disappearance of ordinary books, while, however, the .diblo lastei for ever. He also deplored the existence of Secularism. The resolution was then put and carried. The Rev. JJbPH WAITE proposed, fhat this meeting desires to acknowledge with deep thank- fulness the goodness ot Almignty God in providing the eociety with means to promote its objeots at home and abroad; and having regard to the opportunities afforded by it for extendiag tha knowledge of God'a Holy Word, appeala to aU who love the tor increased and sustained sup- port." The Dean of LLANDAFF, on rising to seoondthe reaolution, was received with hearty cheers. He said he was ve:y happy to be present. Thay had done him a very great kindneaa and honoar in appointing him tne president of the Cardiff Aaecciation. He had very much pleasure i a seeing in the chair that evening his dear and honoured friend, Bishop Perry; of him it had been Eaid that he had hazarded hia life for 30 years in the service of his Lord. Bishop Perry was a man who deserved honour, and he (the speaker) wished that that mark of honour should have been paid to hia friend rather than to himself. Ha had but a word or two to say, and his taxt would consist of two words, U Bible Society." They should never put in second place that for the dissemination of which this organisation had been formed. What a wonderful Book it was, How it stirred men's hearta. They could not touch a word in the English version of the Bible without having the whole world criticising and attacking it. He belonged to an institution which for 10 years had been occupied in an endeavour to do something to give greater exactness to the version which was in all their minds, their memories, and their hearts: When any alteration was made it was considered suitable for the columns of newspapers and for people in every way to criticise the doings of those who were so audacious as to touoh the Bacred volume. But the English diess, they must reco lect, was not the original one. He could scarcely tell them how deeply that Bock had entered into the hearts of Englishmen. He oould claim for his oo-adjutora, if not fcr himself, that thsy fully realised the importance of the work they had in hand, and the body to whioh he had referred had been, he might say, occupied for 10 years, for four days in every month but two of the year, and for seven hours on each of these days—making in all something like 2,800 hours—in this work of endeavouring to bring, if possible, this English version of the Bible into more perfect conformity with the original. (Applause.) Why should men labour in this way, and why should men be jealous in watchirg those labours ? The secret was con- tained in one single word. It was because, aa the Apostle said, the Scripture was given by inspiration. It was not known to many of those listening, perhaps, that thezo was in Hebrew. Greek, and Latin but one word for breath, wind, and spirit. He asked them to ponder on those meanings. Whan they went through the Bible they found in it throughout the brexth of God True, if they began to define inspiration they were lost. A thousand bard, difficult words coma up to describe the idea. They could not tell of inapiration anymore than of the wind—where it came from or whither it went. But it breathed throughout the whole Scripturea. It had a cleansing power. They could not touch the Bible without feeling that they were in the prosenoe of their Judge. Those who did not wiah to ba clean would not read the Bible. It also had a refreshing power. They all knew what a differen t it made in a sick room when they let in a frr.sh of air—it gave a new life and a fra. rance to all around. So it was with the Bibl". These were words which had no doubt oocurr< d to everyone present many a time, and he only hoped that these perfectly obvious thoughts would prove of some assistance to some of them in reading the Bible. (Applause.) Then, having said so much, he would come to his second poÍDt-tha Eible Society. Thia waa an association. It was;in age of societies. Everything was done by associa- tions. The reason it had done so much work was because all worked together. There were the translators, the carriers, the printers, &3. It would be nothing but for the combination of workers, and he asked what it was that prevented vha whoto of Christian Church from members of t British and Foreign Bible Society ? Those who were moat confident and who maintained that they had a monopoly of truth, ought not to refrain from joining the Bociety. There were two thinga. There were those who did not want to recognise on the platforms of the society the existence of a privi- leged class of ministers. He spoke with sorrow and with shame. He had experienced the obloquy to which a clergyman might be exposed. It was a sad and a disastrous thing. They did not on that platform stand as teachers, but as Christian men endeavouring to do right. (Applause.) It waa as much the work of laymen as that of the clergy. They did not there meet to explain the Scriptures but to disseminate them. (Cheers.) Others thought that on this platform they might have words expressing the difference of opinion which existed among them on certain things. Bat had they heard any that evening ? They did not talk about their differences because they had nothing to do with the question. There waa a Christianity that lay deeper than any difference, and hare they must put their Christianity before their particular opinion. These were not only critical times but they were in some respects unique. There was a diminution in the mere nominal profession of Christianity, and men spoke their minds much more plainly than they did 20 years ago. But he thought it would get rid of a good deal of the practical hypooriay that existed, when the very Legislature of their oountry wall no longer, he would not say a Church or a Christian Legislature not necessarily a Legislature which believed in a God, but he thought it was time for Christians to arm for the struggle, which could not be afar off—the struggle between truth and falsehood, between good and evil, between God and Satan. The resolution waa then put, and carried. A vote of thanks was accorded to the local committee, on the proposition of Mr R. COSY, aen. The Rev. Henry Griffith proposed the re* election of the committee, with the Very Rav. the Dean of Llandaff aa president. The treasurer waa Mr W. Price, and the secretaries Mr Alderman Lewia, the Rev. A. G. Russell, and Mr Lewis Williams. This was seconded by the Rav. A. Tilly and on the euggeation of Mr Melville, the name of Mr R. Cory, sen., who had given five guireaa to the society, was added to the com- mittee. The resolution was then passed. Alderman Lewis proposed that the beat thanks of the meeting be given to Bishop Perry. Mr J. Cory seconded the resolution, which was put by the Very Rev. the Dean, and carried. The CHAIRMAN, in replying, said he did not think he was the proper person to preside aa during only a portion of the year he resided aatcvg them, viz., three. out of the 12 montha. But the Very Rev. the Dean resided there for nine out of the 12 months, and he was very glad to hear that he had been offered and had accepted the presidency of the society at Cardiff. At the conclusion of the right rev. gentleman's remarks the Doxology waa sung, the Benediction nrcnonuced. and the meeting concluded. Tha edketion amounted t0 ,818 16s lOd.

THIS reason why so many are unable to take Cocoa ig, that the varieties oommonly sold are noixed with starch, wider the plea of rendering Uemi soluble; while rtallT maiiBS them thick, heavy, and 1 his may be easily detected, /or if Cocoa, thiekerisin WI it proves ihe addition oj StarcA. Cad bury a Cocoa istseaee ia genuine; it is therefore ttiree tunes the atrer nth cf tb^ee Coceas and a refreshing bsvarsge like Tea or & See.

THE GREAT MONMOUTHSHIRE MI^EEAL CASE. LADY LLAIsOYiii'i v. KOilJJAY AM) l,.i.'fíiiit;. CLOSE CF Tb.LITIGATION. A COMPECBI?E"ABRIYED AT. In the of Justice, Cbansery ri*;iiitn, cn 'Monday (before Vics.Chaacelior Eali) tie fcearisg ci thia .3 was resumed, having besn adjourned a fortnight ago for lhj ercss-cxamination of aged witnesses ia Giumorgpa Ail to the custom cf the manor cf Abareara imh regard to the pc»sts»ion or noa po^&iaion by the owners cf ccpvbolii te«pments in the manor of the right to get coal under their holdings free of the lord of the manor. Lady Hanover, who ia nOiT tenant fo Lie of tho estate at Aberoarii, seeks in the action to recover a very larsre sum in rcspcct cf the ccal worked by tao l'bdegr Iroa and Ccal Compary as lessees of Mausra rbiiHps, the holders of copyhold land whbiia :Le iL3:icr. Aa already reported, she plaintiff's esse in insertion of tho lora'3 right, as given by ifce iconitton law, to all naturals nncer Icics.bas fceen presented to tho by Mr Kay, Q.U.,$r Keke^icb, Q.C.,atid Mr Horaell; and the documentary evidence had been read 07 M- HeDlY Matthows, QC., ia support o £ tha defendant's case, alleges tho exi3teac9 of a cuatcia of the manor," rendering the ordinary rule of the law inapplicable, by which tha tenants had a right to their own minerals, and had, in faot, got them without interference from the lord from time immemorial until tho commence" ment of the present century, when Sir Banjarnia Hall, afterwards Lord Llanover, claimed the riht to prevent ccal being got except undsr licence from himself. Mr Freelirg (who was with Mr Henry Matthews, Q.C.) now proceeded to read the evidence of the Welsh witnesses, which had been taken on commis- sion by a special examiner, the witueaaea being tco feeble and infirm to be brought before the court. Mr Kekewich objected to tho maption of the depositions of such of the witnesses aa had been examined in Welsh through an interpreter, but had notwithstanding signed the ordinary form of jurat as though thsy had been examined and cross-examined in English. This was objsated to aa bein. on that account informal and inadmis- lible by the practice of the court. The objection was overruled, and the reading of the evidence was continued. Edward and Henry Morgan, considerably over 80 years of age, and natives of tha locality, spoke of the workirg of the Monythuslyn, Pcn-yvan, Kecd&n, Penar, Cwmds CcJlieriea, and others, from their earliest recollection, by tenants before Mr Benjamin Hall became lord of the manor, and no claim was made to the coal by Mr Glover, who then owned the estates. At that time the coal waa taken by inclines, and by a Email tramway, to Crwmlych. Thousands and thousands of tona were raised, and some of it waa sent to tha wire works at Crwmljcb. Rachel Davies, who was 84 years of age and had kept a farm cn the manor for 20 yeara, depoaed that she remembered her father working' as a collier at Penar Level, and that at first the coal got was taken away on horseback and sold; after- wards it was conveyed by tramway to the New- port Canal when it was made, which waa long befere Benjamin Hall's tramway waa made. Cwmdws level waa made and worked when Mr Glover waa lord of the manor, but no royalties were ever claimed by him on the coal; 2d par horse load was charged for the coal. When tha claim was made by Bacjamin Hall all tho copy- holders denied his righce. John Jcnes, 84 years of ags, had worked in the collieries. Lewis was one of the first to pay Benjamin Hall a rojalty, but he was obliged to use Hall's tramway, or would otherwise have had to send his coal by horse back. Thomas Lawrence, 75, had worked at Kendon Collieries before Hall's tramway was made, and the workings, tips, and rubbish heaps showed that they had been carried on for many years before he went there. From 10 to 15 tona » day were worked from the oolliety. David Davies, 77 years old, had worked at the beginning of the century at the second Panar Level on Penar Farm, belonging to Mr Phillipg. There was then an old bvel nndor the farm, which had been worked locg before, aa waa shown by tha large rabbith heaps lying about. In the course of tbir workings they os-ma upon old dis- used levtle, the timbers of which were quite rotten, and there was every appearance that the place had been worked out many yeara before. When rabbit hunting the dogs chased the rabbits into old workings of considerable extent, where they followed the levels for long distances with lighted candles looking for the rabbits. Mr. William Lloyd, engineer and surveyor, the next witness on behalf of the defendant, said he had been employed to make surveys on the manor, and could state that at least 600,000 tons of ooal had been got out of the Myuyddyslwyn veins and levels, in the customary or copyhold tenements. From the remains of ancient workings, ruins, spoil banks, old shafts, and levels it was clear that hundreds of thousands of tons of coal had been worked out previous to 1808. In cross-examina- tion he said that, though he had been employed to make a perambulation of the manor to ascertain boundaries, it was no part of his duty to look after the coal. He judged of the quantity of coal which had been worked by the extent of the rubbish heapa, from which be concluded that a great deal of the coal had been worked, and, as ahowing the extent of the workings, in seme cases the air shafts were half a mile and more away. When Beama of ooal were thin, a large amount of rubbish would result from the workings. The witness waa futher cross- examined to show that he had derived his knowledge, not eo much from peraanal inspection of the levels and collieries, as from information he had received from the occapiars and coiliers who had worked there, and from naps and plans. Mr Davies, steward of the manor of Maohen, adjoining Aberoarn, was called to produoe docu- ments relating to the estates, but stated they were not in his possession. Mr Lloyd, engineer and surveyor, one of the defendant's witnesses, was re-called, hia orosa- exsmination on behalf of Lady Llanover having been completed yestarday. He said hia knowledge of the manor of Abercarn was derived from the inspections he had made of the property, and from the fact that ho had hved in the manor for 20 years, and that hia father had previously held property there. The two air shafts in the old working a at Pennax were a quarter of a mile apart, and they were distant half a mile from the mouth of the level. The greater part of the collieries, extending probably under 1,100 acres, had been worked out. but they were not accessible fer exact measurement on account of the water in the workings. However, the position of the air shafts and the extent cf the rubbish heaps showed the extent of the workings. The 600,OCO tons of coal which he had spoken of as having been worked out had been dug from the Upper MynyddyBlwyn vein alone. He intimated that the getting amounted to 3,800 tons per acre, and the 600,000 tons would, therefore, represent aboat 160 aoree. The Upper Mynyddyslwyn seam was 1,100 aorea in extent, and was a very easy seam to work. It paid well, and produced a very valuable red aah house coal. AU the works in those collieries had been abandoned for many years, and he could only account for that on the supposition that the coal had teen worked out. Mr Freeling then, on behalf of the defendants, read from their answer to the amended Bill a passage Btating that the customary tenants claimed and had exercised the right to cut timber and quarry for stone, and that tha right had never been objected to by the lord, but had always been exercised without hia control. Then another paecage was read from an answer of Sir Benjamin Ball in a former suit, stating that he had not in hia possession the ancient survey and presentment roll of the made on October 25, 1631. It had been in Mr Benjamin Ball's pcptessicn adcrUtedly in 1815, but had then disappeared. That closed the evidence. His Lordship Then I have no document before me representing that important survey of 1631 ? Mr Freeling said unfortunately that was the CBse, but evidence of its content b would be given. The pleadings in the old suit of Moggridge v. Morgan clearly showed that in 1816 the original of that document was in the possession of Mr Benjamin Hall, who died in 1817, and it was found that in the interval the presentment had disappeared. That presentment was a survey of the manor made in answer to oertain ques- tions and charges which had been put forward, and it contained one article (No. 25) on whioh the defendants relied. By that clause it waa set forth that The jury doth present and say that the lord of the manor has mines and quarries of slate and tile stones on his demesne levels, but the said demesne levels are devised to certain persons, some for life and some by leases; then it pro- oeeded, And further, that the customary tenants or oopyholders of this manor have, and enjoy, all groBS mines and quarries of stone within their several tenements by anoient castom time out of mind used." Mr Kay, on behalf of Lady Llanover, objected that the passage read was not evidenoe. Mr Freeling wae showing why, under the cir- cumstances, it should be aooepted by the court. The document could only be gathered from what appeared in the pleadings in the old suits, and it did not lie in the mouth of defendants, after the admission of those pleadings, to say that such a presentment never existed. It waa distinctly proved that the presentment waa in Mr Hall's possession one year before his death, and that by some means or other by the time of his death the document had disappeared and had been missing ever since. The court, therefore, would take any evidence it oould nnd, whatever the evidence might be, of the contents of the document against the man (Mr Benjamin Hall) whose duty it was to guard the document, but who bad not done so. In the old actions the enstom had been clearly proved in favour of the copyholders, against the predecessor in title of Mr Benjamin Hall. Passages were then read from the pleadings in the old suits, in whioh the owner then made party distinctly renounced any claim in respect to the mines, minerals, and timber under the customary holdings of the manor of Abercarn, except his own demesne aad other lands, wastes, and commons there, which he did and doth insist upon as his own right and pro- perty." In 1753 aged witnesses gave evidence in the euit of Morgan v. Burgh, in support of, the custom, who carried the matter back to 1 1693; and the evidence in Moggridge v. Hall, in 1815. showed that from that early period the copyholders had continuously raised coal frcm under their tenements. It was further conclusively proved that at the end of the eighteenth century Mr Glover, the then lord, had actually bought coal (his own ccal, according to the plaintiff's case) from his tenants. Then t&ore had been put in evidence an agreement made in 1799, by which Glover had agreed to purohaae the stone mines and minerals undsr a copyhold tene- ment occupied by one Myle. A lease was also taken by Glover, in 1804, from a tenant named Richard to get coal, which he evidently did not consider his own. Aa to the existence of actual collieries on the manor before the property wa acquired by Benjamin Hall, it waa proved by the evidence of witnesses sill living that the Branphan levala were at work in 1802. Cwmdwa in 1807, Kendon in 1806, Penrhw in 1S02, and Panyvan in 1800. Of that evidence there was not a scrap of coutra. dlcficn, end tha resnit, therefore, waa that from KC3 to 1813 u&doubted endeucs o tu) working of the cotl by tha tananta without interference from tho lords. It w&3 equally diU 1y shewn that tha workings were mere scr<»tohii gs cf eurfaee which hvl beeL teggesied cn behalf of the plsintiffa. Asimiiar srgncscit D;!0 been jut forward in the cam of Hiaa v. Sccwfoa Siatc Oonapa&y, where the HouEe of Lorde said that if micerala had baan used Er.e- t;y for a oefiaite aad restiioted purps-ie, fcrfu. !,t! at alese would net giveau^h a rijht as wis coined, bat if there bad been a nse of the itinera!* rot for any special or restricted purpose, there was nothing is tee deoidad -0 show that in would ba considered there aad been opaa w.rldrge. and gale srero tha teata, and La tho pieetnt CfoEO there were bath. Ia ail saca copy- hold T:oikiig3 tho beginnings wars small, bat here, as SÇCD as faoilitits cf transport .Era offered, the ccfcl trade from thaiaanorbesama very greatly extended. Mr Graham H^tinge, Q C., and Mr ap. pearcd for Messrs. Hoiotriiy and oi ier peraooa not so immediately interested in the question as Messrs Phillips and the Tredegar Iron Company, and merely &sked, so special reiiof being Bought flgsin«»t them, f'.r tiair coot of appearance. Mr Kfvy, Q then proceeded to reply oabshalf cf Lacy Llauover. First, with referenoa to tha presentment apd ETirvey cf 1G31 EO much relidd on by the def^ncaiita, thero waa, in fact, no evi. cence of it at all. It waa in aay ciao caly obtaired by the lord for his o^n information. the dccument w*s sever auihtatioatdd. Thare were maijy obj.ouoaa to it—many reaajna why it could not be rooeived. It mipht not have been properly taken; it. might not have been a genuine document at all; at all events, if the document ever waa prepared, the tenants would not eign. nor would the lord aocept it It wanted the very thing which of all others it cught to have, namely, the signatures of tha tenants of the manor. Mr Benjamin Hall had accordingly denied its legality, and no step to make it a legal document had ever been taken. Whether he put it behind the fire or not, and how the document came into his possession, waa not known. He denied that it was an authentio document, and thtto was certainly no evidence that it ever contained any clanse about the mines. The only copies of it which had been produced were eo defaced that it was impossible to make anything of them, and there was no proof there- fore that the doonment had ever contained the clause in question. It certainly was not authen- ticated by signature in any way. The evidence on which the case would turn was the amount of workirg before Mr Benjamin Hall insisted on licences being obtained from him for getting coal under the copjholJs, Lloyd's sarauie that the whole of the coal had been worked out in 1809 was a prepoeteroua fable. Kendon Level was not opened at all until the beginning of thia century, aad the Cwmdws, Pennar, and other collieries were opened after that. Previously the coal was never got en any considerable soale or in any systematic way, though no doubt there had during last oentury been seme got as might be expected where the minerals cropped cut on the surface as they did in this manor. With regard to the statement of the witness Lloyd, that the rubbish heapa from the workings were so old that trec-a 60 yoara of &ge were growing on them, it was not inconsistent with the plaintiff's case that there had been con- siderable working under the licence of the lord from 18C9, and a good sized rubbish heap might be raised in 10 years. But the witness had not said a wcrd about the treea in hia original affidavit, and they really appeared to have grown during the taking of the evidence. (Laughter,) They had certainly grown 20 years since yester- day, for it had been stated this morning that one of tho oak trees must be 80 years of age. (A laugh.) Any experienced mining engineer would have at once admitted that it waa impossible from the appearance of the land to ascertain what amount of coal had been worked out before 1809. Tenants could not displace the lord's legal right unless they clearly proved the existence of a cus- tcm to the contrary, and a user under it, and that the defendants had failed in the evidence to establish. His Lordship reserved judgment, and thanked the counsel for the aseietanc9 they had rendered the eourt by the able arguments they had put forward. (SPECIAL TELEGBAH.) At the rising of the court a settlement of thia lorg-pending litigation, which has lasted upwards of 10 years, was arrived at between Colonel Lyne. on behalf of the lord of the manor, and Mr William Thomas Lewis, of Aberdare, who had been deputed to act on behalf of all the copy. holders. It ia believed that the terms whioh have been agreed on will be found to be satisfactory to all parties concerned. The lord's right to the minerals under the copyhold lands of the manor is to be fully admitted, but all copyholders are to be at liberty to enfranchise their lands on payment of £5 per aore, or, if preferred, a fraction of the royalties! and each party ÏI, to bear his own coats.

EBBWVALE STEEL, IRON, AND COAL COMPAHY (LIMITED). • The thirteenth ordinary general meeting of thia oompaDY- the shares of which are largely held in Sheffield and Manchester—has been held at Manchester, Mr Edward Coward, ohairmau of the company, preeiding, The report (which was published in these columns on the 18th ult.) was adopted, along with the statement of aoooants. The Chairman, in the course of his address, said —"When I laet had the honour of addressing you we were at a point of greater depression, not only in the coal, but also in the iron and steel trades, than ever was known before. I legret to say that there is hut little or no improvement in the coal trade—producers still continue to lese money, but we ourselves are indisposed to take lower prices, and have in some caBes sucoeeded in getting a slight advance, however, withoubny hopeofbuUdjng up any amount of profit. In the iron and steel trade we have passed through a period of rapid inflation and equally rapid retrogression. The features of the demand for iron and steel (whioh mainly came from America) were that old materials fetched relatively the highest prioes, and the further you got from the raw material, the less waa the advance, and the call—entirely unexpected by those most experienced in the trade —was for iron rails, which had been generally considered as superseded by steel. That demand, however, it was generally thought must be looked upon as exceptional, proceeding from the faot that the United States levy a muoh lower duty upon iron rails than upon steel. The excitement cul- minated on quarter day, the 8th of January last, since when the decline has brought absut the usual results in any trade—namely, the en- deavouring to seize any excuse for getting out of bad oontraots; and we have had in some oases to make the beat terms we oould, guided by the special circumstances in each. During the year we have increased our output of ooal consider- ably, and also our make of steel rails, thereby reducing the oost; and we can now make about 5,CCO tons of pig, nearly 2,000 tons of steel rails, and 500 tons of iron rails weekly, besides coke and merchant bars; In the last balanoe sheet there were two items, being balances from two reserve funda created by a meeting of shareholders on the suggestion of the oommittee —one of .£13.965, to meet depreciation upon stocks, and the other of JB25.684 for probable loss in working, making a total of ..e39,6i9. It being thought deairaole to close these two items, the amount haa been appropriated: in the met in- stance, to writing off .£22.028 from the value of the property, being It per cent. upon its estimated valne of £ 1,762,284 in 1876; and the balanoe of £ 17,621 has been deducted from the amount at which the sundry railway debentures stood in the last balance sheet. They are now put at a figure at which we believe they could be sold without any loss. It may be well to tsal that most of these debentures and securities are part of the sesets taken over at the formation ot the present company. The rail guarantee fund in the last aooount was £ 7,500; in this aooouut you will see it is £ 2,500, being reduoed by .£5,000. On the other Bide, the sundry debtors have aleo been reduced £ 5,000. The reason it has been done is this-we have a olaim of £5,000 for money retained against our guarantee; but, as the amount has been out- standing now for many years, and there is not any probability of our recovering it, we have taken £ 5,000 out of one eide, and £5,000 out of the other. With regard to the .£2,500 being sufficient to meet any claim which is likely to oome upon us for rail guarantee, we feel it is enough; this year the totalolaims have only amounted to .£412, and the two previous years to .£200. During the year we have expended on acoount of new work £ 19 910. It may be considered by the share- holders aa unwise thing on the part of the board to spend 10 much money upon the works; but unless this money is spent we cannot reduoe the oost of production to the point that gives us any chance in competition. New appliances for cheap- ening production are constantly being brought out, and unless we avail ourselves of them the works cannot possibly meet the severe competition with which we have daily to contend. The stocks on hand this year amount to £ 25,000 leas than last year and I may say that the principle on which our stocks are taken is thisEverything is taken at cost price, however much that may be below the value at the time. If anything haa cost more it is reduced to its then value, and 5 per cent. is taken off everything all round." The chairman and Mr Sumner were re-eleoted directors of the company. The meeting also re-appointed the shareholders' oommittse, consisting of Messrs Stewart, Oocleeton, Wood, Hawkins, Chadwiok, Stretton, and E. Taylor, with power to add to their number. Messrs Cooper Brothers and Co. were re-elected auditors, and the proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the ohairman.

MR. C. H. JAMES AND THE MSBTHYfi UNITARIANS. At a meeting after the morning service on Sun- day at the Unitarian Chapel, Merthyr, the follow- ing address was presented to Mr. C. H. James, the junior member for Merthyr :— From the Unitarian Congregation worshipping at T wjnyrodjn Cmpel, Merthvr TydYiJL to Charlea Herbert James. Eq..1d.P. We as a congregation beg to tender you our warmest thanks for the many yeara of faihful service during which yen havo acted as treasurer of oar congrega- tion, and for the active interest you have for so ion? a time taken in the came of. Unitarianiam in our town and neighbourhood. Whilst deeply regretting your absence from our services for so many months ill the year, we are consoled. with the assurance that you will still be with us in heart; that yoq have but extended jour sphere of usefulness, and that you will ever continue to be a warm supporter of civil-and religious liberty, to win which Unitarians have in times past struggled hard, even unto death. Our earnest prayer is that you may long retain the high position to which the electors of this bcroogh have elected you-a position which wo, as a congregation, feel proud that yen so triumphantly obtained. —Signed, on behalf of the congregation, NESTOR E. Waunw, Miniate?. 11th July, 1880. Mr. James replied in a feeling manner, and added that his sympathy would remain unchanged as regards the Unitarian oause and Merthyr,

GREAT WESTESN AND MO&- MOUîH.HHtE RAILWAY AD CANAL COMPANIES BILL. The hesrirg cf thia Bill esme on en Tuesday moruirg before a Select Committee cf the House c f Loics, under the presidency of the Etrl of Camptrccwn and cotsistiBg of Viscount Leinatar, lnd Clanwilliam, Lord Katherton, and Lord Baldon. Kdmnrd Beckett, Q.C., Mr. Pope, Q C., and Sur Somerset Gfsnville, Q C., were for ttie pro- moters, and Mr Venables, Q C., Mr Bidder Q. D., Mr Michael, Q.C., and Mr Littler, Q,C., appeared on behalf of the several petitioners against the Bill. bir Edmund Beokett, in opening the case for the promoters, remarked that the object of the Bill WaEI to amalgamate the Great Western R&ilway and the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Companies. He might, he said, mention that the lat'er company waa a very old one, its railways beirg amcngat the earliest, while ita earlier cin;ila dated tack as fsr aa 1792 It invludd several branches, and extended altogether over a dia^anca of eome 58 or 9 mitea. There wag a crest in<ercbar g^ of traffic between thia lino an I the Great Western, amounting to a total of nearly 1,500,000 tons per annnm. There had been oocaticcal fluctuations in this trallia, but it had been gradually increasing year by yenr. Thia was dHpite the fact that theie were several competing liLea in the district. Thna, the Loadaa "nd North Western Company waa a largo ajstojn of itself, and, auain, the Brecon and M°rthyr line was also sufficiently large to live alone, at all events up to the present. The Pontypridd, Caerphilly, and Newport line had, by arrangement with the Rhymney and Brecon lines, rights as far as Newport. This line was not made yet, but it had been extremely probable already. Its father was a very important man—well known in railway circles, viz., Sir George Elliot. Sir George Elliot, too, appeared in another character, aa the principal owner of the Alexandra Docks at Newport, and he might say that in connection with these docks there were about 20 miles of dock railway. There waa no objection to the preamble of this Bill so far as the amalgamation waa concerned, but: all the companies he had named and others as well wanted some amount of running powers over the line they proposed to amalgamate. He objected to the locus standijOt the two last named oompaniea, but Dot to the Midland, whioh had by agreement in 1863 obtained a great many powers and facili- ties. Mr Littler. QC., for the Alexandra Dock Company, argued in favour of the locus standi of the company, and after a few observations from Mr. Pope, the committee decided to disallow the .locus standi. The locus standi of the Pontypridd, Caerphilly, and Newport Line was also, after argument, dis- allowed, and the only opposing petitioners remaining were the Midland. Mr John Lawrence, deputy-chairman of the Monmouthshire Company, and Mr Samue Lancaster, a colliery owner in the Blaina diatriot, were examined. Both witnesses said the Bill would be a great advantage to the companies, and that the public generally were ia favour of it. The committee then adjourned. The hearing of this Bill was resumed on Wednes. day, Mr James Grierson, the general manager of the Great Western Bailway Company, was the first witness called, and in the course of his examina tion by Sir Edmund Beokett, said that the inter, charge of traffic between the Monmouthshire and Great Western Railway Companies in 1874 waa 300,000 tons, but last year it had risen to 1,400,000. The Bill would not make any difference to the other companies, and the Midland Railway Company would not be affected in the laaet. The new line will extend to the other companies all the facilities they before poaseesed. Thia concluded the case for the promoters, and evidence was then oalled on behalf of the Midland Hail way. the only opponents to the Bill. Mr Yenables, Q.C., in addressing the oommittee on behalf of the Midland Company, asked why in the present instance an exception should be made to an universal rule, whioh always granted running powers in the case of an amalgamation. When a previously independent line fell into the hands of a competitive company, it was usual to give running powers aa a protective measure to the third party. It had been proved tiafc the oh itge would affect their position, and the only wvy in which they could retain thfir position was by obtaining running powers. It had generally bøn admitted that the real nee of running powers was that they should not be used. The mere fact of a company possessing running powers very often rendered it unneceasary for them to use them. So long aa the Great Western had an independent route by Caerleon to Newport, the Monmouth- shire fine had every reason to be on a friendly footing with the Midland Company, and there was no need for the latter oompany to exeroice the running powers they bad over the Great Western system, but in 1875 the Great Western obtained virtual possession of the Mon. mouthshire system, an arrangement which they now sought to legalise and perpetuate. In concluding, the learned counsel contended that the Midland Company were fully entitled to run- ning powers, and submitted that they should be giantedt Sir Edmund Beokett, in replying on behalf of the promoters of the Bill, mentioned that there had been many instances of amalga. rnation in which running powers had not been granted. Running powers were generally wanted for the purpose of Parliamentary aggression, and tho running powers obtained in 1863 by the Mid- 1 land. Company over the Oreat Western Bailway had been invariably used for coming into Parlia- mentary committees to get further running powers. Then, again, running powers should be required for some substantial purpose and for some substantial traffic, but it had not been shown that such was the case in thia instance, and, therefore, they should not be granted in thia Bill. The Chairman (after a consultation with the committee): The committee have decided to grant the Midland Company facilities over the lins from Pontypool to Newport and no further.

THE TIN-PLATE TRADE. (Ey LEWYB AFAN.) The employers held their quarterly meeting at Birmingham on the 7th instant, when a good number of them were confirmed in the faita of restriction. They doubtless heard a great deal from those who form the opposition in favour of reducing wages. All this about reducing wages is no better than idle talk. The scheme of reduotionof wages did not prove beneficial when tried, npr will it again if attempted. Masters will find that workmen employed at reduoed wages will become careless, and that the work will be very differently manipulated. To remain above a bath of palm oil and molten is no job to be envied, even if prices werr far above what they are now. A tin-plate rollerman has to deal with a piece of iron weighing from 191bs. to 201bs. about a dozen times before having his 2 plates ready for shearing, and has to do 112 sheets for a box, on less than Sid in wages. We sent for the month of June about 20,000 boxes leas to our customers all over the world than in the corre- sponding month of last year. The restriction, although it is reported against, will before long bring prices to a fair standard. I really believe that a nnmber of those who were against restric- tion at Birmingham will allow the necessity of using common senBe in selling tin-plates, and come to see that it is impossible to sell them under cost prioe, Commercial men are pressed to do this for a sale or two, but it cannot last long. We find that Mr Chivers, of KidweUy, is first in the field for the full work system, he having had his place kept idle for a very long time when others tacked." Messrs. Morewood and Co. will, according to what Mr Jenkins told me, lessen their output after the next month. The other works have been idle for two and three weeks at a time to take stock and to make their repairs. The Worcester Works are still idle, and are likely to remain so for a time, therefore Mr W. Williams will run Forest at full time. Cwmbwrla will agree to restrict in August, after seeing the workmen at other works are determined to do less workt The other works •will go in together at once for the fovr days' scheme. We will see what can be done to convince the em- ployers of the necessity of consultation if not of conciliation. If after perseverance we fail, we can console ourselves in aiming at doing what is right. From YniBpenllwoh Tin Works we hear that a gang of fresh hands were taken on as ancealers, with the result that they caused a great loss to the proprietors, and it ia probable they will end in damaging their Bales, for ill-tempered plates are easily detected. At Gilwern the same thint has ocourred. Two firms in Worcestershire are going in for a reduction. The men will be assisted to withstand the attempt. From Cinder- ford there is a report of activity of trade. The American cablegram for July 9 states that the general tone of the market has been much more buoyant during the week, and, although no marked advanoe in the prioe of any article has been made, there are substantial indications of improvement in the near future. The demand is mostly from consumers whose requirements are steadily large. The steel rail market is active, with a fair amount of actual business and a strong demand. Tin- plates are brisker, and there is a good business and a growing demand, at prioes which are becoming firmer. Bates are 5 dols. 25o. for cokes and 6 dols. 25o. for charcoals. Exports to the United States, as compared with those of last year and of last'month are as follow:—May. 1880, 13,801 tons j June, 11,671 tons. June, 1879,12,779 tona.

CARDIFF DISTRICT AND PENARTH [HABBOUB TRAMWAY COMPANY. This oompany, full particulars of which will be found in a prospectus which we publish in our advertising columns of to-day, has been formed for the purpose of constructing and working a tramway passing through the centre of Cardiff, and providing regular communication between Cardiff Docks and Penartb Docks and Harbour, and also between the distriots of Roath, Splot- lands, and Upper and Lower Grangetown, and affording ready access to the Custom House, Board of Trado offices, and railway stations. The capital of the company ia £ 50,000, in 10>000 shares of £ 5 each, 6 000 of which are now offered to the pnblio, payable £1 on application, .£1 on allotment..£1 in two montha, and the balance m calls °".£1 each, at intervals of not less than two months. Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum on all fully paid up shares. In compli- ance with the express desire of the corporation epplications from Cardiff will receive priority of allotment up to £ 10,000 of thw first lsauj. Alderman Henry Bowen, J.P., ÇatddI, and Alder- man Daniel Jones, J.P., Cardiff, are among the directors of the company.

Mr J. W. Benson is adding the Prudential Assurance Company's late premises (after alterations designed by Mr C. J. l'hipps, F.S.A. to his present premises on Ludirate Hill, and will inaugurate the occaeion (the 26th inst.) with an exhibition of gold caskets presented by the city, J racing cupa of bis manufacture, and magnificent jewels graciously lent by H.R.H. the Pnnce of Wales, B.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, and noble patrons and owners, also with the largest and most varied stock ever before displayed.

6 TBE EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE. AS £ UAL WEFTLN G OF THE CAR. DiFF BKaJKUM. The arrual meetiq: of the Cardiff branch, of the Evbnaeiuttl Society wes held en Wedneadiy nelÍzg at the Town-hall, Cardiff, under the presi- r'c-.ry if Mr J. Crry. Tfere were present: The Revs. J. Waite, A; G. fcuSHell. J. Banny, P. xMaddock, Mr K. Ccry, jmf Mr A. J. Arnold (depntatior) &3. The gfiiseral attendance 1US email. The Chairman explained that tha primary a: d principal o j ct of the sooiety was to promote unity amf;g Christians cf all denoaiisations, and to do wrat was very much reeded at the present dsy, YlZ., to dejaonstrata that unity. Mr A. J. Arnold, the deposition, ej eke at eomc length of thct obj-'cta of t-hoaociesy, ar d rfferred to tha work it had accomplished in tffecting the reformation of rtli^ioaa abuses, more especially in foreign lends. He referred alao ¡ to the great conferoace which had been held at Basle ui-der the auspices ot tha society. The Rev. A. G. Bassell moved that thia meeting I cordially approved tbo objeots of the AUiaooa, ¡ and rcjoiced in tho success which con- tinued to attend its efforts in behalf of the persecuted in various oonntriaa. One ccnld not but feel that they had made a grand mistike # in not uniting together in Christian uni y in Buch a movement sb the celebration of the Sunday School Cen. tenary. (Hear, hear) Ho did say it was a mistake. He had insisted on it ail along, and hia opinicn would not alter. The Rav. Joseph Waite, B.A., seconded the resolution, and spoke of the objects cf tha Eociety in a few well chosen remarks. The motion was then put and carried. The Bev. J. Benny moved the appointment o! a committee for tha management of the Car- diff branch, consisting of all the ministers of the town who were members of the eociety, Mr J. Cory, Alderman Lewis, Mr Lawia Williams, MrR. Cory, jun. (treasurer), and Mr P. Macdock (secretary), He mentioned that thoBe gentlemen would have to carry out a decision already arrived at, viz., to arrange for the holding ot a monthly praj er meeting in connection with the local branch. Mr R. Cory, jun., seconded the resolution, and hoped that these prayer meetings would conduce to a better state of things in the town. The motion was carried. Several com- I linsentary votes were put and passed, a collection was waae. and the proceedings closed.

WESLEYAN METHOBISM IN BRIDGEND. ENLARGEMENT OF CHAPEL AND SCHOOLS. tL Several sebemeB have been propounded for improving the accommodation at Wéeley Chapel, Bridpend, and for enlarging the sohoolroom. At last the question was taken up in earnest, and Messrs W. G, Haberahon and Fawckner, of London, Newport, and Cardiff, were instructed to prepare plans for enlarging the schoolroom and chapel. The contract for carrying cut the work was let to Messrs S. and A. Lewis, of Cardiff, whose tender was £2,900. The present ohapel will be retointd, and transepts will ba thrown out on each side. The internal arrangements will be entirely new, and when the alterations have been made the ohapel will seat about 600 persons. The front will be ornamented by a tower and epire about 65 feet in height. In order to provide accommodation for the worship. pers duriIig the time that the alterations in the chapel are being carried out the school buildings have been commenced ficst, and on Wednesday the memorial stoneB of theso buildings were laid. According to the plan a large sohoolroom, lecture room, and seven class rooms will be provided. The ministers, trust ess, teachers, scholars, and friends astembled at the Town hall at tar a a o'clock and after pinning a hymn formed into procession aid mQJ ched to the school buildings. Here a portion of Scripture was road by the Bev A. D. Ccpe, and prayer was effered byfie Rev. T. J. Choate. A bottle containing n9wgpap?ra and periodicals was placed in one cf tho memorial atones, which WQ l&id by Misa Martin, of Bridg- end. A sscond stona was laid by Mis", Brearley, of BTidgcnd; and a third by Mias E. M. Willi ?,ma, daughter of Mr Lswia Willisas, of Cardiff. of the jourg ladies was presented with a Bible by the trustees, and they contributed liberally towards the building. Addresses wero deliverod by the Rev. J. T. Waddy, of Cardiff, and Mr Lewia Williams, of Cardiff. A tea meeting then Elace; and in the evening a public meeting was eld at the chapel, end was well attended. Addresses were delivered by the Reva T. J. Cboate, J. T. Waddy, A. D. Cope, J. P. Lock- ood; and others.

COWBBIDGE FARMERS' CLUB. A general meeting of the Cowbridge Farmers' Club was held on Tuesday, when there were present Messrs T. R. Basaett (president ot.the club), W. V. Huntley, J. Blandy Jenkins, Daniel Owen (Aeh Hall), A. B. Price, William Thomas, Thomas Morgan, R. Howe, T. Spencer, Smith (Boverton), Edwin Price, Joseph Spenoar, G. E. Tutton (seoietary), T. Payne (treasurer), John Thomas (Eastfield), Bees Thomas (St. Athan), Edward John, John Williams (Lansannor), Ycrath (Monlton), W. Lloyd, W. Jenkins, (Llau- mihangel), J. Hall, J. Thomas (Bovetton Court), David Thomas (Talygarn), Thomaa (Great House), John Spencer (Picketetone), Henry Thomaa (Tydraw), Jones (Fishwell), and Winder (Llaa. trkant). NEW MEMBERS. Dr. Jenkins, cf Caercady Mr Thomas David, Sigginstone, and Mr J. W. Thomas, of Cardiff, were eleoted members of the club. APPOINTMENT OF ANALYST. The committee recommended that Mr Joseph William Thomas, of Cardiff, be appointed analyst for the club, which was oonfirmed. THE PRIZE LIST. The CHAIRMAN atated that the committee re- commended that the prize list remaia the same as last sear, and he did not think they could do better. A special prize has been given by Mr Homfray, whioh was not in the list last year, and the oommittee had been discussing the manner in which they should offer that prize. It had been suggested that the prize should be given for the best collec. tion of pigs. The prize was .£5 59. Mr THOMAS (Eastfield) proposed that the.£5 59 be given for the beat collection of animals in various classes. He thought it would be the means of improving the show. Mr DANIEL OWEN seconded the proposition. Mr J. BLANDY JENKINS proposed that the prize be given for tho best three fat pigs in the county of Glamorgan, irrespective of age, weight, andbreed. Mr SMITH seconded the amendment. After the votes had been taken the Chairman declared the proposition of Mr Thomas carried. The following special prizes have been offered: —Lord Wimborne, .£5 5a; Mr C. B. M. Talbot, M.P., .£5 5s; Mr H. Hussey Vivian, M.P., .£559; Mr R. Thurston Bassett..£5 5a; Mr J. R. Hom. fray, .£5 5s; Colonel r. Pioton Turbervill, .£5 5a; and Mr J. Samuel Gibbon, .£5 53. A new feature is introduced this year by the addition of prizes for root crops, Mr Edward John, of Cowbridge, offering two prizes of .£3 and <62 for root oropa produced by farmers cultivating 100 aorea and over, and two prizes of £ 3,and .£2 for roots produced by farmers cultivating under 100 aores. The agenda announced that Bills now before the House of Commons would be discussed, but this question was not brought forward.

SOUTH WALES TURNPIKiS ROADS. There was issued in London on Taeaday the annual statement of the receipts and expenditure for the above trusts for 1879, together with the estimates cf expenditure for IPPI). Tho reoeiote of the Brecknockshire roads "were in 1879, .£3 019 16s So, and the expenditure £ 2,507 18s lid, leaving a balanoe of .£511158 lOd for 1880. The expenditure fcr 1880 is estimated at .£2,552. The receipts for the Cardiganshire roads were .£2818 128 lOd, and the expenditure £ 2,62318a 8d, leaving a balance available for 1880 of .£224 11a 2d. the estimated expenditure of tbis year being £ 2,796 18 6d. The receipts of the Carmarthenshire roads in 1879 were £ 7,462 Is 6d, which, after the ex- penditme, leaves a balance of .£881 15s 7d available for 1880, the estimated expenditure of the present year being £ 6,715 9a 9d. Of thia £ 1,831 is put down to the Carmarthen district, .£2.248 to the Three Commotta district, and .£1.689 to the Llandovery district, the rest being made up of the expenaea of the County Boada Board. The reoeipta of the Glamorgan- shire roads in 1879 were £ 12,669 15a 6d, leaving a balance available for 1880, after the expenditure, of £ 380 15a 7d, the estimated expenditure for 1880 being £ 15.883 188 Id. In the Eastern district the estimated expenditure is put at £ 2,326, that of the Northern district at £ 2,250, and that of the Western diatriot at .£4.,105. The balance available for contingencies was .£3,583 35 lid, the remaining expenditure being placed to the County Boada Board, and including an item of £ 2,195 commission on arrears of tolls from the Swansea Tramways Company, 1878 9. The receipts of the Pembroke- shire roads were in 1879, £ 1,774 19s 3d. The balance available for 1880, after deducting expen- diture, being .£26198 8d. The estimated expendi- ture for 1880 is £ 1,699 148 7d..£646 of whioh are set down to the Haverfordwest district and .£743 to the Narberth distriot, the rest being the salaries and sxpenBes of the County Boads Board. The receipts fcr the Badnorshird roads in 1879 were .£1.613 5s 6d, which, after expenditure, left a balance in the hands of the treasurer of .£1û5 158 7d, The estimated expenditure for 1830 s £la546 lOa 7d.

For the Ulst time, an old woman named Jane Johnson, of Leeds, has been Bent to gaol for a month for being drunk. Mr Cecil Barber has instructed a solicitor to proceed in the Bradlaugh matter, and, if necessary, to carry the proceedings to the House of Lords. The chamber of Agriculture Journal learns that applications from aa many as 170 teachers have been received at South Kensington for the promised course of leotures on agricultural science. William Barlow, a labourer, was convicted at the Leicester Borough Sessions of a robbery at a railway station. The prisoner had spent over 20 years in prison, and waa now sentenced to seven yeara' penal servitude. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS.—Rheu- matio perns, tic-cloloreux.—These diseases are, unfortunately, very prevalent in this ODuutry. and ate frequently nsopt distressing, gomotiraoa years baffling all medical skill to alleviate the sufferings of the victim. In no ewe have B0110fVlly"8 mm* Fills failed to produoe a cure. The Oiotmeut exerts a peculiar and soothing influence over the nerves and muscles, relaxing spasms and subduing paIn. TÀe attack scon becomes milder and the intervals between the paroxysms longer, until they cease altogether. The Pills restore the body from a weak and debuitutea con- dition to a state ot health and strength. Porsoaa bed- ridden for months with rheumatic pains and w9HiDV.:3, after uaipt; the Ointment have been oured in an in- credibly thort period ji

THE BIYEB TYNK* A work has recently been issued which, though refeniilg tu a. oi&ianz to 00 of inkiest to t1;0 dwellera on the Saulb Walea coalfield. We reftr to Ihe River TIna, iiill tiintuy and RUiGurCt<S," a hAaa&ume vJaaa, published by tke Tine Coiiioiiasioaara a me aerial to tkeir la to se^et^ry, Mr Janea tiutbrie. The book itself is cuiefly written fcy Mr Gulhrk\ but was left iucjmpiate at tha time of hia sudcen dv-.atb in Feoruary list. It gives a sketch of the history of the oldeat of oar coal ports from the period of the Komaa.-occupa- tion to the present time. Tha earlier chap Sara afford ua maay cuiious giimpees of our comnaroial legislation acd of municipal life during tha Middle Agea. The foilowicg parts of the book contain a concise but full narrative of the g g.Mitvo worka ctriied cut and stiil in progtesa uuaer the Tyua Commission. We mnat bo-day coafiae our attention to the former ausjsot, and shall ecdeavour to give our readers aa idea of the interesting historical matter contained in it. Tb3 book, wemay p?emiae, ia pleasantly written aad tie information trustworthy. The only fault we have to find is a cett&inlcos&nsat ia the asraugement of the different subjects treited. Tids ia easily accounted fcr by the special circumataacya 6tunc!ii;g its publication.- It, however, ma&ea tho wtnt cf & good index the more felt. A table of oontente ia a very poor substitute for this desideratum. Thera are a number of illnatrlltio43 which give a fairly accurate idea of the objaeia they are intended to represent aa well as several really good plans and charts In the Roman period there seenaB to have been no place of special commercial importanca on the Tyne. The wall of Hadrian skirted the course of the river, and that Emperor built a bridge at Newcastle, which will be more particularly re- ferred to later. During the Saxon period the district was too disturbed, and too exposed to the ravages of the Northmen to enjoy any kind of prosperity. The rise of the town to important may be dated from the reign of William Bufus. This monarch selected Monkohester, aa the placs was then called, as the site of the great fortreas against the Scots. The castle which he built gave its modern name to the town, though the emoke. stained he&p still standing is suggestive of anything rather than novelty, Under the protection of thia castle the town rapidly increased. At this time the conservanoy of the Tyne was vested jointly in the corporation of Newcastle and the Prince bishops of the county palatine of Durham, of which the river is the northern boundary. In the reign of Henry I. the laws and customs of the borough had become so well known and esteemed as to be taken aB a model for the newly established boroughs of Scotland. The leges lurgorum of Scotland of David I. are dated at Newcastle, and are an almost literal transcript of the municipal customs of that town. These laws are frequently quoted in the Scotch Aota of Parliament, and it is recorded that in several instances when unforeseen cases arose reference was made to ascer- tain the prevailing prooedure at Newoaatle, Pudeey, Bishop ot Durham, also copied these laws in the charters he gave to Sunderland and other towns. Many of the regulations appear narrow-minded enough at the present time, especially the stringent prohibitions of all trading outside the walls or within it except by burgeaaea. The first guild, that of the free merchants, was established here in the reign of King John. At that time one-fifteenth of all goods were granted to the king. From the returns of this tax it appears that Newcastle was then the eighth port of the kingdom. It is curious in reading this list to note how the whole commerce of the country was then concentrated on the East Coast. The great ports of the West, Liverpool, Bristol, Cardiff, had scarcely any existence, while many porta then great are now quite decayed. London then, as now, held the firat place and yielded the apparently trifling contribution of .£836. Then tollow, at pretty equal distances, Boston, Southampton, Lincoln, Lynn, Hull, York, and Newcastle, which last gave ooiy £158. The returns of the poll tax in 1377 enable us to form a rough estimate of the population of the chief towns of the country at that date. On this basis Lancon eeema to have had 34.971 inhabi- tants. York, 10,872; Bristol, Plymouth, Coventry, Norwich, Lincoln, Salisbury, Lynn, Colches- ter, and Beverley follow, &nd Newcastle comes twelfth with 3,970 inhabitants only. Evidently Englishmen were not ia thosa early times tie gregarious animals thsy iiivo tinea become. The first dietinot reference to the cosl trade ia found in a charter of Henry III. in 1239. By tbia instrument the privilege ot digging coals in the Castle Field and Forth ia granted to the freemen of the town. In 1281 we have the first reference to the Custom-houfie. In that year 6s 8d was charged upon 300 woollen skins, the Bame on a sack of wool, and 138 4d on a laat of leather. In 13U6 there was an extraordinary display of the autocratic power of the Sovereign. The use of coal in London waa prohibited aa a nuisance by Royal ediot. 0 tempora 0 mores We can more easily imagine the destruction of London by an earthquake than the repetition of sucb an attempt even in autooratio Bussia. Some curious statistics are referred to, whioh we oould have wished had been quoted at greater length, referring to the cost of coal in 1367. Henry de Strother. high Bheriff of Northumberland, waa instructed to buy and forward to Windsor 576 chaldrons, or about 1,536 tons of ooal for the use of the workmen employed on the castle. Though tbe particulars are preserved we are only told that the rftOS8 cost of the coals delivered in London amounted to 41 lid per chaldron. Thia sum included freight, loading, delivery, carriage to the ships, and all preliminary expenses, besides the oost of the coals at the pit. Being very easy to tax, the ooal trade was sub- jected to a variety of imposts in these old times; indeed from 1421 to 1831 it was never free. Many of these taxes were levied for objeota more curious than edifying. The U Richmond shilling," a tax of la on every chaldron exported, which was only repealed in 1831, was first imposed by Elizabeth in lieu of existing duties. Chatles II. settled it in what we would now consider a rather free and easy way, upon his natural Bon, the Duke of Bichmond and Lennox, and failing his heira upon his own mistress, the Duchess of Ports- moutb. After the fire of London a heavy duty waa put upon all sea- borne coal to defray the cost of rebuilding the ohurchea of the Metropolis. In those old times the quantities of coal shipped were of course ludicrously small according to our present notions. About the year 1600 there were 400 ships engaged in the trade at Newcastle. The exporta, however, did not exceed 190,000 tons annually. In 1650 they had risen to 34.7,000, and in 1710 to 475,000 tons; but eo late as 1776, only a oentury ago, they did not surpass 680,000 tons. We thus see what a mere thing of yesterday is the growth of our coal trade to its present proportions. The oonservancy of the river was, as we have eeen, vested by the early Norman kings jointly in the Corporation and the Prince Bishops of Durham. Very soon this arrangement led to litigation, and the corporation gradually estab. lisbed their sole right to the powers and emolu. ments of the conservancy. Before the date of legal memory, which ia defined to be the return of King Bicbard from the Holy Land, this fight was firmly established. It is true that both before and after this period various kings endeavoured to make themselves pleasant all round by grant • in g coi flirting charters to the rival claimants. The corporation, however, was always able to vindioate its position and maintain its privileges in the courts of law. How it used its splendid position we ehall presently see. In the year 1290 not only was it able to advance the following extraordinary complaint in an action against the Priors of Durham and Tynemouth, but the courts of law upheld the contention of the corporation, and compelled the ecclesiastics in question to desist. It was complained that they had raised towns respectively on the north aDd gt tH h bank s of the water of Tjne at Shales (Shields), where no towns ought to be, but only huts for sheltering fiaher men, that they had built breweriaa and kept large fishirg vessels instead of small boats, and that they Bold fish at the mouth of the river which ought to have been brought to Newcastle. The F. ior of Tynemouth, however, seems to have been the worst ou-'tider of the two, for not only had he opened a market, bus he had caused other people's bread to be baked ia his own prr per oven, which ought to have been be-ked at Newcastle, whereby the borough loet ita fumage, amounting to 4a in every quarter. To realise all the absurdity of the position hore allowed to the corporation it must be remembered that Newcastle is situated rice miles above the town of Shields, so that it was delibetately announced by the law oourta that there ought to be nothing but fishermen's huts on all this part of the river. A strange contrast indeed to the now existing state of things. The biBtory of the old bridge at Newcastle also affords some food for reflection on the reversal which we have brought about in the relative positions of religion and commerce. We hear often enough in the nineteenth century of bazaars in aid of the Churoh, but never of the Church coming to the rescue of public works. In • the thirteenth century it was otherwise. We have already alluded to the bridge of Hadrian. When it was destroyed we do not know, but we do know that it stood almost on the same site as the modern swing bridge, for in the worka # con- meoted with that great undertaking the remains of Boman work and Boman coins were founa deep in the mud of the river ttom. We know that there was no bridge in the time ot William the Conqueror, and that there was one in that of Stephen. In 1218 this Btwotuie waa destroyed by fire, and it was to the joint efforts of the Corporation of Newoaatle and the JiiBhop of Durham to replace it and maintAlD It that we alluded to above. Boyal bounties were begged, alms were collected in various diocesea of England and Ireland, indulgences were sold, ohapel to St. Thomas waa erected at one end of the bridge, the keepers of whioh ona 'rotQ passers by for both objeotfe, and lastly one of the old guilds cf the town imptwed a fine of 3b 4d on anyone taking a Scotch appren- tice, one half of which fine waB to go to the bridge. This strocture was washed away in 1771, and replaoed by that just removed to make way for one of the greatest triumphs of the present commissioners, the BWing budge. By way of con- trast, and because there was a coincidence of some historical interest in the opening of this work, we will glance at it here, but we muat defer tha notice of tte achievements which have converted the Xyto into a great commercial port till a subse- quent notice. The BwiDgiDg: portion of the bridge, weigning 1,450 tons, and measuring 281 feet in length, tursa tpon a pivot in the middle of the river. It leaves, when opened, two clear waterwayb of 104 feet wide each. It ia turned by hydraulic machinery, and the workmanship 18 so exact that either end of the bridge can be left when it is closed .to the north or south. The bridge opens, the vessel passes through, the ponderous girders swing slowly round without stoppitg, and close behind her. The coat of thia bridge was close on £300,000, but the outlay was justified, as it throws open to the operation of the Improvement Commission are a further reach of three and a half milea of river. The bridge was firat ewusg on the 17th of July, 1876, to ellow the passage of tho Europa, a vessel of the Italian navy. The erraud of

The River Tyne, its History and Resources, by +MJl:S GUTHBU. Newcastle lipon-Tjne Andrew iiied. London; Longmans and Co. this vesFel was to take on board at the Elswick Worke of Sir Wil1:&1:a Armstrong the firat of he 1(0 tou guns. Tbesa weapons, thca and stgoe largest asd most powerful ever built, were designed fer tie Italian Lxvyi Thus the first vettfcl to pass the bridge was a war ship of a country vibc-Le emperor was the first to spaa tha river on that vtry seventeen agaturiail tefoie. Times bttve tviisncly changed, aud wa have charged vith them since Hadrian came as < ct nqtteror and f pasneti tha rivsr. He built along; it tie wtlli and c;mps wh a'a aldll remain to marts tee txmLO boundary of hia dominions. Almost on lie v<.ry flpot wbeca his great bulwark stood we forgo fc- his s*«ocs«ois tha defences of theit- newly lefcsinfid freedom.

AUAL STATEMENT OF TRADE. The annual statement of the trade of the United Kingdom ;%ilix foreign countries and British! posfletstcna i'.r the _year 1879 has just been pcbhft ed. The naia facta of; the report hava ateioùY been published, but the following local s aiuiitB "ill no doubt be of interest to OI1 leaders. The vslua of tha toial imports oUoreigJI Drd co'or.ib.1 merchandise at each of the porta of Wales for the ytara 1875 to 1879 is thus given Ports. 1&75 1S76 1&77 1878 1878 Z dB ic 't B Abfij-TBtwith 133O' 11283 15518 1 5537 13125 Beaumsiis 75:30 £8:9 4*759 58S02 25037 Curd it, 1172191 1246uC9 1 622 472 1521GS3 178653* Cardigan 16;-3 2719 4558 3783 4081 Curnnrvoia. 51474 79041 40717 46667 26520 We nelly 119206 1S7105 14*325 1532*5 1644M Milfcrd 83664 63526 i6681 23087 20008 Rfc-wpcrt 33€0-3S 5UC912 752085 £ 96300 52 £ 69| Swansea 53S6J12 2254149 2i22737 1632805 2011473 The gross Customs' revenue received at esolt portwaa as follows Ports. 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 a £ £ £ A Aberjstwilh, 4 irs 21 — B Beaumaris 6F52 67CO 6673 7043 6553 Cardiff 24197 21250 20805 2157.2 18545 Cardigiirk ..t 510 2 Carmarthen 319 1372 907 968 1061 Carnarvon 8!:47 ¡;V95 9745 9(91. 759a Lkuelly S9t3 2810 2832 2252 2189 Milford 5 2 2 2 —• Newport 52220 50179 40589 4C577 37355 SwEEEea liiiOO 11193 10458 10725 StSS The value of the total export of the produce of the United Kingdom from each port was 9A follows I- 1675 1876 1877 1878 1873 4S a go £ M Aberystwith 775 210 632 459 Beaumaris, 14204 12848 11362 10169 8263 Carnarvon. 246664 2*l'G-0 £ 48855 l'3391o Cardiff 283J747 2775456 2793i77 3093467 3097391 Llaneilv 56803 55478 29322 40723 62867 Newport. S28944 103789 913386 1006612 99762t Swansea. S62446 786407 674660 781852 815391 The exports of Cardiff and Swansea for the year 1879 comprised the following :-Alkali Cardiff, 546 Ecwts. Apparel: Cardiff, X572; Swansea, .£339. Fire-arms (Small) Cardiff, 426* Gunpowder Cardiff, 94,4C01bs.; Swanseaa 55,0001be. All other sorta of arms an ammunition: Cardiff, i800; Swansea, .£807. Baga and eacks for packing merchandise: Cardiff. 16,860 dtztn Swansea, 10,287 dozen. ■ Beer an" ale Cardiff, 141 barrels; Swansea, 8 barrels* Printed books: Cardiff, 41 owts.; Swansea, 3 cwta. Butter Swansea, 4 owts. Candles Can diff, 1,500 lbe. Swansea, 11,000 lbs; Manufacl tures of caoutchouc Cardiff, JE129 Swanaett £ 50. Chemical producta or preparations: Cardiff* £ 6,302 Swansea, dE5;230. Coals, cinders, anq| patent fuel: Cardiff, 4,427,602 tona Swanseat 858,439tons. Cotton yam: Cardiff, 14,800 lbe. Piece goods Cardiff, 3,315,700 yards Swansea* 251,200 yarda. Hosiery and emall warea. Cardüf £ 1,523; Swansea, £ 225. Earthen and china ware Cardiff, £ 3,591; Swansea, "I. Glass ofi all kinds: Cardiff, .£556 Swansea, £ 52. Habere dashery and millinery: Cardiff, £ 693; Swansesol .4735z Hardwares and cutlery: Cardiff, XI,104; Swansea, £ 3,185. Hats: Cardiff, 205 dozens; Swansea, 5 dozens. Unwrought leather: Cardiff, 2 cwt.; Swansea, 82 cwt. Wrought leather s Cardiff, k39 Swansea, £ 439. Wrought e3ddlery and hainets: Swansea, .£24. Linen yarn < Cardiff, 100 lbe. Linen piece goods Card.ff, 15,500 yards Swansea, 4,900 yards* Linen thread, &e. Cardiff, .£52; Swansea, .£13'; Jute matutactuicR •. Cardiff, 1,300 yardfi. Machinery and millwcrk Cardiff, £ 12,917 Swansea, 930. lion—pig, bar, bolt aad wire s Cardiff, 27.( 44 tor,E SWSDSOA, 3,573 tone. Iron -rr..illcad: Cardiff, 76 4-1 toss; Swa-.sex, 1,071 tons.. Irt.il cf all other, kirda: CaraiS, 20,295 tons: Swai sea, lljDIS tons. Steel—uatrrought r Cardiff, 1,553 tons Swansea, 198 tons. Copper-, unwrought: Cardiff, 28,302 owts.; Swansea, 57,163 cwts. Copper—part wrought: Care diff, 904 owts. Swansea, 6,911 owts. Lead and lead ore: Cardiff, 10 toea; Swansea. 178tors. Tin—unwrought: Cardiff, 3,493 owto.; Swansea, 301 owts. Seed oil: Cardiff, 300 gala.; Swansea, 900 gals. Fainrera' colours: Ca.tditf. £ 5fc'4 Swansea, £ 939. Paper, except hangings 5 Cardiff, 14 owts.; Swansea, 8 owts. Salt: Car* diff, 76 tons Swansea, 131 tons. Silk mannfao* tures: Cardiff, .£117; Swansea, £ 301. Spiritujkl British and Irish: Cardiff, 122 gallons 3 Swansea, 135 gallons. Befined sugar C Cardiff, 26 owts. Swansea, 1.435 owtga Woollen clotha of all kinds: Cardiff, 9,000 yards, Swansea, 100 yards. Worsted and mixed Btuffs Cardiff, 25,800 yards; Swansea, 8,700 yard4 Flannels, carpets, &o.: Cardiff, 1,400 yardsa Swansea, 200 yardsj Hosiery and other goods Cardiff, X199 Swansea, 4175.

MEBTHYR CHAMBER. OF TRADE. A meeting of this body was hsld at the Buslg Hotel, on Tuesday evening, under the presidency of Mr D. Williams, High constable (the -presi- dent). The secretary (Mr D. R. Lewis) read a draft of the memorial that had been drawn up andl signed to the Privy Council, petitioning for it charter of incorporation for the town. and parish* and expressed bis hope that it would soon have the effect of bringing the desired charter down to Mertbyr. (Applause.) The Clerk stated that ha had written to the various railway companies) with respect to some tariffs that they had not taken into consideration in their recent reduck tioriB. Replies had been received from each com." pany stating that the matcer was under'cousiderp t tion. A lengthened discussion having ensued upooi the question of railway tariffs, Mr Griffiths gava notice that he would bring the matter forwarcl again at the next meeting. The Seoretary in* formed the chamber that there was now every chance of obtaining a station at Ynysowen, an arrangement having been made for the board oC health to meet theTaff Vale directors on the subjects Mr Lewis farther said that for the convenience ofi those attenoirg the Forest Camp a platforar would most likely be erected at Ynysowen, iff having been represented that owing to the long distance the camp was from the present stations) the Cardiff Volunteers woald go up the Bhymnes Railway to Bedlinog. On the motion of Mr E. J Biddle, seconded by Mr L. J. Davies, it was Ie. solved that Mr W. Harris should be asked to britg before the board of health the necessity ot carrying out their bye-laws with respect to tha cabs. Some conversation took place with respect to the fire brigade, during which the hope was expressed that the breach that had occurred between 'Mr Superintendent Thomas and Mit Barpur, in consequence of a statement made by the latter, would be adjusted, and that Captain Lewis would again organise his fire brigada amongst the Volunteers. It was agreed that tha matter should stand over until the report of the fire brigade committee was received. An alters. tion in the 17th rule was agreed to, which will in future prevent the quarterly general meeting and the monthly meetings of the council clashing together. Dr. Dyke, the treasurer, informed the meeting that 95 members had sub. Baribed for the current year, and that the cham- ber now bad 483 19s 9d in hand in the bark. It was further stated that from 30 to 36 members. subscriptions were still unpaid. Mr C. Harris complaired that the Newfoundland tip waa in a worse state now that the board of health had erected a paling at the lower side, and asked that the attention of the board might be again called to the place. In the course of considerable discussion, it was pointed out that this path was really private property, and that the desire of the owners was that a roadway should be made through it. This subject, as well aa the planting of the Newfoundland tip with trees, was deferred after being well ventilated. The Chamber SODIt after adjourioed.

LITERATURE. (SECOND NOTICE). The Nautical Magazine for July oontaina articles on the following Bubjects" Mercantile Marine Legislation, The Boyal Navy and the Mercantile Igarine," I Unseaworthy Steamers"e I- The Coral Fisheries of the Mediterranean II South Australia," "Determination of Longn tude," It Ghosts, Spirits, and Mediums," &3. The Expositor maintains its high standard or excellence. The contests comprise oontributionel, by the Bev. Canon Farrar, D.D., the Bev. A. W„ Fair bairn, D.D,, the Very Bev.r the Dean ofi Peterborough, the Rev. Joseph Agar Beet, tha Bev. Jamea Moriaon, D.D., and the Bev. £ U Plumptre, D.D. In the Churchman's Shilling Magazine, thd interesting tale Marlington or. Life's A-'n>» is continued, and the selection of general articles includes, If The Secularization of the Pantheon," by S. Farman; "Two Days at Malta, by James F. Cobbe, F.B.G-S.; "Samuel John- Bon Among the Prophets," by G. F. Harrison; "Sketohea from the.History of BusBia," by F. B. Grahame, &c. Brook's Popular Botatty is a new production issued from the office of Messrs. Ji A. Brook and Co., 282, Strand, W.C., at the moderate prioe ofi 2d monthly. The work will comprise all the plants* British and Foreign, most useful to man, in medicine, food, the manufacture, and the garden* with description, an account of their various properties and uses, recipes, prescriptions, applic cation, and modes of cultivation. Jadging from Part 1 it wiil, vhen oompiet.e, form a very useful production. The Pivnccjs, which is described as a magazins of fashion, literature, and art, and haa only yet reached its second number, ought to reeeiva extensive patronage horn the fair sex. It contains an ample supply of readable matter em subjects of special interest to ladies, andisccompiinsing it ia a supplement comprising a beautiful coloured decign for the ornamentation of lsidiea' drees, handsom, flower cornet, and coloured plates of new Paneian costumes. Tha ptioe is la, and the publishers are Meaara F. H", Boberts atid Co., 42 and43, Eaaex atreet, Strand* LOLdon, W.C. We have also received the July numbers of the Sunday Maqazine, the Christian Treasury, tha Boy's Own Paper, the Qirl's Own Paper, &o., and part 4 of Lett's Popular Atlas." The latter more than exceeds the promises with which it was publiahed, and we asu recommend it to all who desire to poseees a thoroughly good atlas of tha countries of the world.

The Dome differs from the ordinary kinds of B'ack Lead from the fact of its adhering at ODNA to the fitovo or grates, thereby avoiding jujary to the fiirat- ture from dust. Broinze, Silver, and Gal4i ILlter r ationa1 Medals awarded for exeeliasco of quality and cleanliness in uso." Sold by Urooers ift 6d. lBe xes,