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---.-----..-----IS IT WORTH…
IS IT WORTH WHILE- j Is it worth while that we jostle a brother r j Bearing his load on the rough road of liie r 1 Is it worth while that we jeer at each other la blackness of heartthat wa war to the knife r God pity us all in our pitiful strue. God. pity ns all as we jostle each other God pardon us all for the triumphs we i.ee "When a fellow goes down 'neath his lead on the heather. Pierced to the heart •. words are keener than steel, steel, 1 And mightier far for woe or for wea.. Were it not well. in this brief little journey On over the isthmus, down into the tide, We give him a fish instead of a serpent, Ere folding the hands to be and abide For ever and aye in dust at his side Look at the roses saluting each other Look at the herds all at peace on the plain- Man, and man only, makes war on his brother. And laughs in his heart at his peril and pain Shamed by the beasts that go down on the plain. Is it worth while that we battle to humble Soin? poor fellow-soldier do.vn into the dust ? God pity U51 ail Time eftsoon will tumble All of us together liko leaves in a gust, Humbled indeed down into the dust. J-XVHTX MILLER ("' Songs of the SunLmd").
"brartettes, &c. ----------
"brartettes, &c. The ruling instinct is strong in a careful housewife. '• My dear," said the husband who had to tell his wife that he had failed, "the wolf i> at the door. "Tell him to wipe his feet, -aid she, absently. ""It's perfectly absurd, this clamour about our hats. People who can't see over them would better not go t,) a theatre." "I know; that's what [ told my husband. amI he said: '.111 right, we won't go; and we don't." Jay Green (sourly) "If them people don t do different about it blamed if I'll go to the party to-morrow night." Josh Medders "What do vou want em to do in order to git you to go r Jay Green: Invite me." "But vou are too young," pleaded the anxious mother. "No girl should marry before her mind is fully formed." "Oh, said the gladsome maiden of eighteen summers, "my mind has been made up for more than a week." Mrs. Bricabrac: Oh, mercy, Bridget, how could you have broken that precious vase It was four hundred years old." Bridget (calmly): "Oh, if it was an ould thing like that, yez can take it out av me next week's wages." Henry: "Talk about general information! I should like to know of a subject that Mr. Janker cannot talk upon." Uncle George: "So should I. That is the subject we'd always bring up when- ever Janker was present." "1 came to ask your consent to marry your daughter," said the young man, with a trembling voice. "You're a fool, sir: shouted the irate father. "Well, really, I didn't think you'd object to having one more in the family, sir." Your young friend Wigsby should be a good lawyer," said Smith to Robinson; "at least he has a collection of law books, nobly bound." "Sir," said Robinson, "you appear to think that law is binding." Smith has offered a reward for the meaning. Spiuks, "It's very inconvenient to be poor. I hope Dame Fortune will soon knock at my door. Mrs. Spinks: "It wouldn't do you any goodifshedid knock." Spinks: "What's the reason? Mrs. Spinks: "Because you are never at home." "This." said the school friend who had not seen her for a year, "this is the girl who vowed tomethatsheneverwouldbelongtoanyman, eh ? "I don't," said she who had been married the matter of some few months or so. "lie belongs to me."
WELSH EDUCATION.
WELSH EDUCATION. THE SECRET OF SUCCESS. SPEECH BY SIR LEWIS MORUIS. The Llanûlly Intermediate and Technical Education Schools were opened on Tuesday by Mrs. Maclaran (wife of Mr. Rowland Maclaran. J.P.). one of the lady governors, when Sir Lewis Morris delivered a very interesting speech. Sir Lewis Morris said the business which brought them together that day reminded him of the beginning of the history of Welsh Education. It took him back fifteen or sixteen years ago, when Lord Emlyn. Professor Jibys. and himself (who were now alive). and Lord Aberdare, Henry Richard, and others who. unfortunately, were now dead, went through the length and b.eadfh of W ales, and found it educationally barren from J)a,n to Beershe^a. Well, there had been a great change since then. (Hear, hear!. At the present time "no fewer than seventy-live of these inter- mediate colleges were in full working order in Wales and Monmouthslrre. In addition, we had j three colleges, all of which were crowded. Last of all, the edifice had been crowned with the University of Wales, which was now granting its well-earned degrees. (Cheers.) The whole edifice might now be said to be really complete—the ladder hid been erected, so that it was now impossible for any promising Welsh boy or girl to remain in obscurity if he or she deserved any- thing beter. (Applause.) Sir Lewis proceeded to point out that it was now our duty to consider what were the dangers which beset us in the light of the establishment of this system of education. Well, for his part, if he thought that the sole result of their labours in this direction would be and cai! j jT "Z such as journalism, literature, teacuing or_ o increase the number ot clerks who were being remunerated at less than the earnings of an average artisan then he was forced to the conclusion that Welsh education would bo a very dubious blessing. He was glad to finu, however, that the county councils had been r,ll \'0 to their responsibilities in the preparation of the schemes for the regulation of these intermediate schools. The Carmarthenshire scheme, for instance, had a distinctly practical end. It would not do to ignore the ancient and successful method of teaching which depended chiefly upon literature, philosophy and historv, and upon the study of the heart and mind. Those had always been great subjects which it would be impossible to ignore. But there were other considerations to be atter.de 1 to. one being the absolute necessity imposed upon this great country that, if it was to maintain its Great Empire, it was by its strorg commercial side that it could be done, by an intelligent p ^pulation of artisans in. Great B itain. (Hear, hear ) It was not sufficient to educate the mind alor.e it was not sufficient to educate the hand alone. We must educate both mind and hand together. They would re-act upon each other, and we would be saved from inclining to one direction or to another. That was why he was extremely pleased to be present at the opening of a technical school. Depend upon it. there must be an intelligent artisan population if commercial supremacy was to be maintained. Sir Lewis then went on to refer to the short time which was allowed for education. Of course, there was no reason why people should not be educating themselves throughout the whole of their lives, As things were. however, the time allotted to the actual work of education was very short. The result was that, almost as soon as the monthly nurse had left, parents were looking out for schools for their children, in order that they might be getting scholarships (Laughter.) Now. he did not consider that that was a desirable condition of things, but, in the great race of competition, it was inevitable that something of that kind must happen. He did not. however, want young people to think that all the avenues of success were closed to them because of older and more experienced competitors who were in the field. That reminded him of some of his fellow-students, one of whom had now bepn Lord Chancellor twice, and another was the Lord Chief Justice. (Cheers He wanted to impre?s upon them that perseverance was the real secret of suc- cess. They must not expect extraordinary results from these school. What they should produce, if possible. was the highest average, and not any great -o'itary mountain peak (cheers; to raise the general level of intelligence, and then, if they did that, they were sure of success. (Applause.* T-- The other speakers included the lce-prmoipal of Girton, Mr. Thomas Jones, Mr Thomas Hughes. Mr. F. N. Powell, Mr. W Lewi* Miss Davies, Mr. D. James, and Major Evth^ay.
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.--ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.] I
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.] I THE I LAWYEE'S VICTIM I Br C'. KASWELL.] I i CHAPTER XXV. (Continued.) The following morning Mr. Arklow said to his son. I shall not be up at the office until middle dayandperhapsnotuntiitc-morrow. Amongst the letters you will no doubt find one from Pig'gott and Co. It will contain the writ for Leewood. Lc-t Johnson go and serve it upon him at once." All right." replied Oliver. "Have you any other instructions to give V'j Yes. You will al-o nnda letter from Lovcjoy. Open that also, and when Johnson returns and informs you that Leewood has been served, drop Lovejoy a line acknowledging the letter, saying that I am indisposed, and have not come to the office to-day; but that the letter will doubtless have attention directly I return to bu-iness. But, above all, be suie that Leewood is served with the writ." Upon Oliver's arrival at the office he found ins father's anticipations fully realised. Ihe writ was there, and, as we are aware, -Tr. Lovejoy s letter also, and acting upon Mr. Arklow s instructions Leewood received the one and Mr. Lovejoy the acknowledgement of the other during the early business hours. Later in the day the lawyer reacned his offices, and by post that evening he wrote to Mr. Lovejoy stating that he regretted that indisposition had prevented his receiving and acknowledging his letter earlier also that in consequence of the unsatisfactory nature of his interview with Mr. Leewood, and acting upon his client's instruc- tions, he had felt obliged to issue a writ 11 in this action: but I may add," he wrote. that your proposition would not have been satisfactory in any case. in face of the unquestionable claim of my client and the treatment which he has received." By the same post he Jal^o wrote to Campbell, stating that he had in compliance with his instructions instituted the necessary le^al pro- j ceedings." Since the writ has been issued," he continued, a proposal has reached me from Mr. Lovejoy acting for Mr. Leewood, that the matter be left to arbitration. It is satisfactory to notice by this how weak they must eon-ider their case to oe. I have of course refused a proposal that is not applicable to a case such as this. I daresay they will presently nitike one more to the point. In response to the writ the usual appearance "was entered bv ^Mr. Lovejoy, and the action proceeded under the ordinary routine. CHAPTER.—XXVI. The day following Leewood's visit and his conversation with Agnes regarding the dispute with Mr. Campbell, she determined to call upon Evaliue, notwithstanding the coolness and con- straint which she had shown upon the occasion of their last meeting. Agnes was, of course, quite unaware of the hasty legal proceedings that Arklow. on Mr. Campbell's behalf, had already instituted against Lee.vood, and she was therefore under some hope that through her (intercourse with Evaline the way might be pared towards a friendly and amicable settlement of the unfortu- nate affair. Knocking at the Campbell's door she was at once shown into the drawing-room, where she had spent so many happy hours. In a few minutes Evaline appeared, but while the usual cordial greetings were not omitted her manner was increasingly reserved and (lis tan t. Presently Agnes said" It wouid be uncandid on my part did I appear to conceal, Evaline, my observation of the change in your manner towards myself. I am unaware of anything that I have done to cause it. and I presume I am right in thinking tLat it proceeds from the sad dispute which I am aware has arisen between Mr. Campbell and Walter." "Yes, that is so Agnes," answered Evaline. "l cannot of course separate you from Mr. Leewood. It is impossible that you should take the same view as ourselves upon the matter. Mr. Campbell feels that he has not been rightly dealt with. I regret it most deeply Eva," replied Agne^. Walter was here yesterday and he explained the whole business to me. and I cannot feel that he has been in any way to blame. I do so wish th&.t Mr. Campbell could see him himself without the intervention of any third person. I am convinced that he would view the matter differ- ently." It is too late for that now Agnes." said Evaline, mournfully. "'MT. Arklow assures us that he [1.pproache,l him in the most conciliatory spirit, Qut Mr. Leewood rejected all hi-i advances in a way that entirely shut the door to any amicable arrangement, and the law must nQw take its course." "Oh, surely not, Eva. Mr. Leewood is quite* willing to let any third person decide between them. Surely that would be better than going to law and breaking all the pleasant relations that have existed between us ali for so long past." Mr. Arklow does not advise that course, Agnes, and my husband fetls himself so deeply wronged that he could not submit to the decision of anyone that could be selected for the purpose." But is Mr- Campbell right," urged Agnes, "in thus yielding to Mr. Aridow's advice" It seems to me that he is so interested in fomenting the quarrel, and he did all he could to do so when Walter saw him. I must not hear all this, Agnes." said Eva coldly. "Y 0\1 have no doubt come to see me from the best motives, but it is useless our interfering. It is natural, of cour.-e, that vou should take Mr. Leewood's side, j feel vexed at the course adopted, I tumk, unde__ tn0 pir(»!i!;i=junce3j it is useless* to refer any farther to it. Evaline then made soma attempt to turn the conversation into other channels, but with mdl.fterentlsuccess, and Agnes soon rose to leave, feeling that all further attempts at conciliation were ram. CHAPTER XXVII. We must now pass over a period of nearly two years that has elapsed since the events recorded in the last chapter. During that interval much occurred to materially effect the interests of the leading actors in this history. The initial steps in the important law suit of Campbell v. Leewood, which we have already described, had duly followed upon the serving of the writ. There was the entry of the usual ''appearance," "statement of claim," "counter statement," "pteadino-s," "briefs," and all the legal skirmishings that precede the day or days of battle in some one of the law or assize courts of the county. During these proceedings, the very diiierent characters of the two opposing lawyers, Arklow and Lovejoy were fully maintained. Every opportunity that our mode of legal procedure allows (and they are only too many) for procrastination and the consequimt piling np of costs was seized hold of by the former, and inwardly he cursed the opposite course pursued by his opponent, who, promptly replying to each attack, contrived to materially shorten the time that intervenes between, the commencement of an action, and its climax in the law court. It is not our intention to describe the incidents of the trial. It was fought out in the usual way and terminated in Leewood's favour, a result that probably an except, possibly. Campbell himself, anticipated, and he even had been to some extent prepared for it by Arklow, who, in view of future proceedings, had deemed it expedient a few days before the event, to point out to ^his client that the first action would be fought under certain disadvantages that might lead to his discomfiture, but which would not prevail in the court of appeal to which he advised immediate recourse in the event of an adverse verdict. The lawyer had been perfectly right in his estimation of his clients' character. Campbell had all his life been accustomed to meet with and overcome difficulties. Frequently in his mining experiences :tbese had arisen through irregularities in the strata under- ground. or from excessive water and other similar causes, and sometimes from disputes with the workmen, culminating in lengthened strikes- All these he had met with the stubborn obstinacy of his race, and in time they had invariably yielded to his unflinching determination and tenacity of purpose, and thus, upon his defeat in ne tirat trial, Arklow had far less difficulty than even had anticipated, in inducing him to rarr,lnv?en °.n"es^' not v\ ithstanding the ad vice and tr,e* received from several of his friends, unfortunately foSoJ h(felf' H? opposed simply C th:^ a he.™3 not skill and engineering stubborn but unintelligent verc(,°?1.e' or tlle He had now an -a "'tent ".chon of h1:3 workmen. i amount of energy and will fnn_ „ ? • for Leewood had at length throwi^- if3!?" and soul into a content forced uno^ V of all his attempts to avoid it, and ag™nTt"Mr° Lore]or s calm demeanour and Wal iT^ i Arklow's shafts fpll as harmless and pofnn the arrows of our forefathers when Charted against the walls of a fortress. Undeterred anv perception of these facts and refusing to listen to any doubts that were suggested by others, and at times even faintly entertained by himself as to Arklow's integrity of purpose and the honesty of his advice. The lawyer readily obtained his client's instructions, immediately the adverse verdict was given, to enter notice of appeal to the court above. This after the usnal preliminaries, prolonged to their extreme limits by Arklow, was heard and dismissed with costs against the appellant, who now found himself in it position verging on extreme difficulty. It has already been stated that at the time of the sale of his property, Campbell s indebtedness to various parties amounted to a considerable sum of money. In three cases the claimants had taken legal proceedings for the recovery of the debts due to them. These bad been opposed by Arklow on Campbell's behalf, and though the actions had been settled before actually coming to trial, the costs had been very heavy,augmented to a very large extent by Arklow's own charges. The payment of these otaims still left Campbell in debt to others, amounting in the aggregate to some £ 3,000, and for the recovery of which further actions were immediately threatened. Campbell had frequently intimated to Mr. Arklow his own urgent desire, and indeed the necessity, of at once satisfying the demands, but upon one pretence or another this bad been put off, and when through the dismissal of the action against Leewood, by the Court of Appeal, it became a question for consideration whether or not to challenge the opinion of the House of Lords, Arklow had no difficulty in still shelving the matter until the final result had been arrived at. He had in fact now become the master of the situation, strong and robust as Campbell had been, while engaged in the congenial occupation of mining, the constant strain and worry attached to the continued legal proceedings had told most severely upon him. Even in times of prosperity he bad experienced the occasional fits of depres- sion to which we have before alluded, but now these had assumed a constant character. His former firm tread and quick energetic action had deserted him. and the open hearted genial man. with his fund of dry wit and good humour had become moody and sileut, and he moved slowly about, the ghost almost of his former self. Ali this Arklow readily perceivoJ. He^was well aware of the absolute power lie had obtained, and while no question as to Campbell s interests, or remorse for the wreck he saw before him, entered into his feelings or calculations, he had yet to consider whether his own purpo-es would be best served by the cessation of the proceedings now. or after their necessary termination through the decision of the highest tribunal of the land. With careful investigation he found that with all the ingenuity that he could employ in the enhancement of his bill of co;ts, and the reduction of Leewood's there would be yet a sufficient sum remaining in hand to discharge the several amounts that Campbell still owed and leave small residue. Soon after he had arlived at this conclusion Campbell called upen him, and for a moment the lawyer was himself struck with pity at beholding the change the last ten months had occasioned in his unhappy client and recollecting the £5,000, which he concluded Campbell had bestowed upon his wife, he felt inclined to advise the payment of the claims and the abandonment of all further proceedings in order that, small as the income would be upon which the Campbell's would have to rely, there might yet lo some hope that under the freedom from care and debt, Campbell's health and spirits might at any rate be partially restored. But after his client's departure the Demon of Avarice returned. The lawyer brushed away the qualms of conscience, and acting upon the permission which Campbell bad given him to act in the matter as he deemed advisable, he gave his London agents the necessary instructions for proceeding with the final appeal. This then was the position of matters in regard to the law suit upon the resumption of our story. But in the meanwhile while Camp bell, under the advice and influence of Arklow, was gradually but surely drifting into absolute ruin, Leewood's course, with the exception of the constant trouble and anxiety occasioned by the law suit, Lad been prosperous and happy. The Company to whem Wilkinson had transferred the mine carried it on with vigour, and much of the commercial part of the business was placed under Leo wood's management. While Mr. Dyer retained his posi- tion us consulting engineer, Leewood's visits to Abernant were frequent, and thus the lovers had many opportunities of meeting. On her part, Agnes entertained no doubt as to his eventual success, and her greatest sorrow was the inter- ruption of the friendship and aifectionate intercourse she had for so many years enjoyed with Evaline Campbell. Since their last interview, which has already been described, they had only met occasionally out of doors or at church, and while Agnes still sought opportunities to show her unabated interest and regard, there was no espouse on Evaline's part and she at length found it necessary to abandon all attempts of the kind. And thus their e.-trangemeut became more and more marked as time went on. No opportunity of conversation with Mr. Campbell had occurred, but Agnes observed with deep sorrow the rapidly increasing weariness and sadness of his expression. She noticed also how evidently this was apparent to Evaline, and she yearned for an opening, which alas, so far as he was concerned never occurred, of showing her love and affectionate sympathy, and the earnest desire she felt to, if possible, alleviate their trouble and anxiety. (To he continued.)
THE MAN WHO WANTED FACTS.
THE MAN WHO WANTED FACTS. Whan I am told an extraordinary story, a reporter of the Sealuiia H'tAeew writes, I am like Dickens' Thomas Gradgrind, I want facts. I am in fact sceptical, and not easily gulled. Quite recently I was informed of a wonderful cure effected by Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People upon Mrs. Todd, of 17, Front-street, South Hetton, a colliery village about eight miles south of Sunderland. I wanted the furts, and set out to find them out for myself. Mrs. Todd, I must say, by her appearance and by her frank, honest conversation, impressed me very favourably. But there was a slight mistake in the rumour: it was not Mrs. Todd, but Mrs. Todd's daughter who had been cured, I 'xiea that the girl fell ill about tw<~ ..ears a?0- j;er complaint being ^anron,"a or a \Teak and poor corimtiuii Cu i1"; oiood, with mo-t spvere palpi- tation of the heart; she suffered a great deal in her head, and hardly had breath b get upstairs. She had no appetite whatever, but a constant craving for water, of which she drank an enormous quantity. Mrs. Todd had her daughter under two doctors—one after the other—without much improvement. At length Mrs. Todd heard of Dr. Williams" Pink Pills for Pale People and thought she would give them a trial. The daughter had four boxes in all, and she has perfectly recovered. Indigestion and palpitation have disappeared, and she has now a good appetite. Mrs. Todd believes that but for Dr. Williams Pink Pills for Pale People her daughter would have been dead. Thecnres effected by Dr llliams' Pink Pills will bear full investigation. All the published cases have been independently investigated by newspapers they include nearly 7,000 cases of disorders arising, as Miss Todd's case arose, from impoverishment of the blood, which lays the system open to the attacks of consumption, rheumatism, scrofula, heart disease, and general debility, all of which have repeatedly been cured by Dr. Williams' Pink Pills. The latter are also a great nerve tonic and have cured paralysis, locomotor ataxy and nervous ills generally, neuralgia, St. Vitus' dance, sciatica, and female troubles. These pills are sold by chemists an(^ by Dr. "Williams' Medicine Company, 46, Holborn-viaduct, London K C at 2s. 9d. a box, or six for 13s. 9d. They are sold only in pink wrapper, with the full name. Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People pink pills sold lcose or from glass jars are not genuine.
LLAXGYFELACH BOARD SCHOOLS.
LLAXGYFELACH BOARD SCHOOLS. PROTEST AGAINST THE WATER SUPPLY. A petition, said to be numerously signed, has been addressed to the chairman and members of the Llangyfelach District Council against the proposed expenditure by your Council in supply, ino- water to the villiago ot Dangyfclach, the houses on Heolddu, Mynyddbach and neighbour- hood." The petitioners claim that such a scheme would benefit only a few private individuals and increase the income of ground landlords sixty fold by the conversion of agricultural into building land." The petition proceeds e pray your Council to stay your hands and to dismiss from your minds A Not Wanted Water Scheme.' which would fill the pockets of ground landlords, impoverish the ratepayers, and bring sorrow and suffering on most whose mislortune is to live within the area of a district where so much extravagance exist, both in past and present. The rates have been eating up profits of the works and we lament to see industries emigrating to find shelter in foreign countries and farming to be going in the same direction." The petition concludes Gentlemen, we pray you will reconsider the question of a Not Wanted Water Scheme at Llangyfelach. and aprly the English law to all cases, so that all landlords may be compelled to provide water, &c., for their tenants."
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[No title]
TndA1^^ ei^lte«n years, named Arthur Lewis Ho=mtal 8UOCIimbed at the Sussex County fish ah^ i ;n afire*ta Brighton
SOMETHING FOR YOUNG FOLKS.
SOMETHING FOR YOUNG FOLKS. WILLIE'S GOLD MINE. "If I were rich I'd never go to school another day! exclaimed Willie, as ha threw his books and strap upon the sofa in the cosy sitting-room. "What's the use bothering away all oae's time in school, I'd like to know?" "Well, Willie," inquired grandma, cheerily, from her pleasant corner, "how would you like to own a gold mine—your very own?" "A gold mine! My! I'd like it awfully, grandma, but," continued Willie, slowly, "I don't suppose I'll ever own one." "I see no reason why you can't, if you really want one," replied grandma, smiling. "IIow ? I can't buy one Do tell msTquick!" cried Willie, eagerly. "I guess Jim West won't feel so big if I get a gold mine," and Willie whistled gaily at the thought. "Sit down a minute while I explain," and as she spoke, grandma fondly drew her pet to her side. "You can't buy this gold mine with money and no one can give it to you; you must work for it, and hard, too, Willie. "You can't get your gold mine in a hurry either," went on grandma. "You must get it little by little. It isn't like some gold mines, that are full of wealth at the beginning—you must fill this mine yourself." "Will it take long to fill it, grandma.?" "Yes, a number of years. Each day you can add some valuable bit to it, and by-and-bye, lo you will have an inexhaustible treasure. No one can steal your mine from you, Willie, and you can never dig it dry." "My!" exclaimed Willie, with sparkling eyes. "When can I begin to get my gold mine, grandma ? "At any time! You have already begun to nil your treasure house, and by going to- "I know, grandma," interrupted Willie. "It's an education that you mean that's the gold mine. "And i m't that a fine one, Willie ? "Y-e-s, and I'm going to begin now to fill it up. Hurrah for grandma and the gold mine "And the school too," added grandma. "Why, of course," laughed Willie. "SAVE HIM FIRST." Some years ago there was an accident in a coal mine near Bitton, in Gloucestershire. Six men were going down into the mine, when the handle of the cart in which they were sitting broke, and they were all killed. A man and a j lud been clinging to the rope which held the cart, and as the accident happened they each made a spring, and managed to catch hold of a long iron chain which is always hung down the side of a coal-pit as a guide. When the people at the top heard of the accident, and found that someone was clinging to the chain, they sent down a man to rescue him. The man himself was securely fastened to the end of a rope, and had another noose or loop of rope which he could tie round the body of the man to be rescued, and then they would both bo drawn up together. He came first to the boy, Daniel Harding, and was just going to seize him, when the boy cried: "Don't mind me, I can hold on a little; but Joseph Brown, who is a little lower down, is nearly exhausted; save him first." So the brave lad hung on patiently for another quarter of an hour, and saved his friend's life at the risk of his own. IF I KNEW. If I knew the box where the smiles vrere kept, No matter how large the key Or strong the bolt, I would try so hard 'Twould open, 1 know, for me. Then, over the land and the sea, broadcast, I'd scatter the smiles to play, That tbe children's faces might hold them fast For many and many a day. If I knew a box that was large enough To hold all the frowns I meet, I would like to gather them every one, From nursery, school, and street, Then, folding and holding, I'd pack them in, And turning the monster key, I'd hire a giant to drop the box To the depths of the deep, deep sea. —MAUD WYMAN. FRIENDS AFTER A FIGHT. A fine Newfoundland dog and a mastiff had a quarrel over a bone, or some other trilling matter. They were fighting on a bridge, and being blind with rage, as is often the case, over they went into che water. The banks were so high that they were forced to swim some distance before they came to a landing-place. It was very easy for the New- foundland dog he was as much at homo in the water as a seal. But not so with poor Bruce, lie struggled and tried his best to swim, but made little headway. Old Bravo, the Newfoundland, had reached the land, and turned to look at his old enemy. He I saw plainly that his strength was fast failing, J and that he wa3 likely to drown. So what should he do but plunge in, seize him gently by the collar, and then, keeping his nose above water, tow hrm safely into port. It was curious to see the dogs look at eacli other as soon as they shook their wet coats. Their glances said plainly as words: "We will r quarrel any more." BONES. The following Original composition on "Bones" was written by a scholar in a Sunday-school, and vie give it without correction or addition: "Bones are the framework of the human body. If I bad no more bones in me I should not have so much shape as I have now. "If I had no bones in me, I should not have so much motion, and grandma would be glad, but I like to have motion. "Bones give me motion, because thoy are something hard for motion to cling to. "If I had no bones, my brain, lungs, heart, and larger blood vessels would be lying round in me sort of loose like, and might get hurted, but now the bones get hurted, but not much, lest it is a hard hit. "If my bones were burnt I should be all brittle, and you could crumble me up, because all the animal would be out of me. "If I was soaked in a kind of acid I should he limp. Teacher shewed some bones that had been soaked. I could tie a knot in one. I had rather be soaked than burnt. "Some of my bones don't grow close and snug to the other bones like tho branches of the trunk of a tree do, and I am glad they don't, for if they did I could not play leap-frog and other good games I know. The reason they don't grow that way is because they have joints. "Joints is good things to have in bones. There are two or three kinds. The ball and socket joints like my shoulder is the best. Teacher shewed it to me, only it was the thigh joint of a cow. One end was. round, smooth, and whitish -that is the ball end. The other end was saucer- like—that is the socket, and it oils itself. "Another joint is the hinge joint like my elbow. It swings back and forth, oiling itself, and never creaks like the school-room door does. "The other joint ain't much of a joint. That is in the skull, and it don't have no motion. All of my bone3 put together in their right places make a skeleton. If I leave out any or put some in the wrong place it ain't no skeleton. Cripples and deformed people don't have no skeleton. "Some animals have their skeleton on tha outside. I'm glad I ain't them animals, for my skeleton, like it is on the chart, would not look well ou my outside." NOT FOR SALE. In a Midland town two boys, the elder about thirteen and the younger about eleven, went to a lodging-house for vagrants. They wanted shelter for the night, f and sad was their story. Only a few weeks beforo they had been in modest comfort in London; but fever had come into the hous?, and first stricken down the father and then the mother. After the of their mother, the elder boy remem- i-erea that they bad an uncle in Liverpool, and they resolved to walk there and ask his help. They were on their weary march when they camo to the town and asked shelter in the lodging-house. They were at once taken in and the manager looked over their bundles, where, in that of the younger, he found a Bible, shewing, by its well- thumbed leaves, that it had been in constant use. Th3 manager, anxious to help them, said:, "You have no money to buy food; will you sell me that Bible ? I will give you five shillings for it." The boy hesitated. The tears started to his eyes with the intensity of the struggle, and then he said No; I cannot sell my Bible. I wUl starve first." "Why do you love your Bible so?" asked the man. You could easily buy another when you got more money, and the remainder would help you until you get to your uncle's houso." But the boy was firm. "No," he said, I cannot part with my Bible. I got it when I was seven years old, and from it I learnt to read, and, by reading it, 1 came to know Jesus. It has been the only comfort to my brother anel myself since we started from London."
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OUR LITERARY BUREAU.
OUR LITERARY BUREAU. MESSRS. LONGMAN'S NEW BOOKS. We have been favoured with an analysis of the works published each quarter by the well-known firm of Messrs. Longman's, Green and Co. It is a very useful little work, and should be in the hands of all students and readers who desire to secure the best and latest books. CROOKED PATHS A Novel. By Francis Allinghatn. This book is supposed to be written by one who, remembering a former existence, deseiibes it and the adventures that happened to him after death. The Author attempts to show that all our actions here on earth—be they ever co trivial—have an influence on others—even those unborn—that passes on for generations. The book opens in the chamber where Edward Etherinton, the eyo of the story, is dying. Having- been. brought up in the faith of Christi- anity. Etherinton had, when a man, rejected his youthful beliefs, and on his death-bed, with waning physical powers, he suffers mental torture at the doubts that assail him as to whether after all Christianity is true. The second book describes the life he had led and the third book carries out tho Author's plan of showing the influence of the life of Edward Etherinton on others. The autumn announcements of one of our oldest publishing firms, Messrs. Longman's, Green, and Company, London, are mainly concerned with important biographies and travel sketches. There is the life of the late Laureate, prepared by the present Lord Tennyson the life and letters of Dean Butler, edited by his daughter, Mrs. Knight and a memoir, with letters, of Edward Ahrmg. for many years Head-Master of TJPP1"" ^L1?1 School, compiled by Mr. George R. Parkin, lnen wemay mention the West African Studies ot that famous African lady traveller, Mist Mary Kingsley, a sketch of the "South Africa ot lo-day," by Captain Younghusband, and Mr.Bryce's '• Impressions of South Africa." THEitfEORY OF CREDIT. By Henry Dunning Macleod, M.A. of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at- LaW. bus volume completes the second edition of the Author's Theory of Credit.' The preced- ing volumes gave an exposition of the great juridica principles) of Credit which were elaborated by the Roman jurists, were incorpor- ated in the Pandects of Justinian, and have been exhibited at length in every continental treatise on jurisprudence since. They have been the mercantile law of Europe for 1600 years, but they have never hitherto been introduced into any work on economics. The author then gave an exposition of the practical application of these principles in the operations of Mercantile credit, the actual mechanism of banking, and the foreign exchanges. The present volume gives the history of Banking in the mted Kingdom. It details the different principles upon which the Bank of England has been managed. It then points out what, in the auth°l views^.are the fallacies upon which the jjank C arter Act of 1844 is founded, and its evil consequences. The author then endeavours to show that the true supreme method of controlling oreuit ana paper currency is by adjusting ti e rate 0 c^soount by the bullion in the bank and by the state of the foreign exchanges. It may be assume lat this principle is now acknowledged to bc the true one. as the Bank of England has been managed by it ever since 1857. Finally, the authoi investigates the history of all the commer- cial cribis and monetary panics since 1766, and shows what the action of the bank was in each of them.
- THE SLUX OF THE CROSS.
THE SLUX OF THE CROSS. "^VDY COOK, NEE TENNESSEE CLAFLIN.] Cross is the most universal and the ea» „ nerally understood of all the mystic symb that have come down to us through the bpse. ounhniteages. We are accustomed to iden i J nth Christ and Christianity alone, as th0U? r1(l c ori_ginated with them. Yet ten tb?VVLl fa e-xist that it was simply appro- ,prl Iw rse as had previously been er? 8"reat religious cult that made V,Ce ln world. A distinguished wrl iv'^n vfl5 G33ay 'n ^e Edinburgh Review," nearly ago on "The Pre-christian Cross," sfl3 3 i. 2_ o dawn of organized Paganism in th^. j. to the final establishment of iifpdlv onn11 ul western, the Cross was un- vmholicni commonest and most sacred °t symbolical monuments, and, to a remarkable e f of CnU'° a"most every land where frnm T unrecoa-nized or unknown. snn«rif>i-iP ?tlnctions of social or intellec- tt1¡tl ,'j of caste, colour, nationality, or j°eC.n the aborilGiniiTosphe-e' it,appears to have L- .fv n i Possession of every people m aUV'lJuSl"tll° ela",tic girdlo, SO to say, which e mnnitii- Mi(lely separated heathen c0"1PVS-I1 bv'tv. UMOS^ significant token of an UI)1+tict'in o?- ;;0(1; the principal point of c0rl if mio-hf °ly s-ystem of pagan mythology— Th;.h n V y/laZ,e' but D0t with°ut a pian,' to w''i • ?. anul;C3 Of mankind were severally and 11 Cs subly drawn, and by which their com- m"11 uescont was emphatically expres-ed, or by rae3lls o which each and all preserved, amid every ^situde of fortune, a knowledge of the prii110^ a nappiness and dignity of their species. ■\yiicrc 'intbentic history is silent on the subject, the jiiiX,-oriai relics of pa.st and long since forgot- ten races are not wanting to confirm and strength- en fi'1,3 'S[u-LPortion. Diversified forms of the sytnhoi are c heated more or less artistically, accord111", o >e progress achieve 1 in civilization at the period on the ruined walls of temples and palaces, on natuial ro-ks and sepulchral galleries, on the hoariest monoliths and the rudest stat- uavyj.0" „ j' and yasos of c-yery <3c- scrip'10. m not a few ina'anccs, are pre- served i e architectural proportions of sub- terraneaii strnctures, of tumuli as well as fanes. The extraordinary smctity attaching to the sym- bol, in cv cr,y- ,anci under every variety of cir- cum~ta?ce\Ju titied any expenditure incurred in its fabrication or embellishment; hence the most persist01, labour, the most consummate ino-e^uitv ^-ere lavished upon it." a J ,Wa,s tho original meaning of this symb.ol'i? theTl ,°( 'iWl,lch LLAS BFLEN THA WAL'P into wliich every religion have been wove LO solve this question, a muiti- tuJe 1™= be con"id°red, all pointing to the no matter how grossly ex- l'ibite the sTcrn f disguised. 7 the p-rnhlJ generation whether divine or hui°3. a of the ever vigorous fecundity of 'i^vhic-h 1' 5"^f0re' of tho Tife that is and that ,%10 j s to come It denotes^th9 mii. vcrsal J o power, sometimes associated with t 'e most obscene rites, at others rc^"fVino- a fntm-'j regeneration, and thus tyPpr ending bliss V?mortality and a state of °°*11 sorts and conditio^8 "daPted to au ""ions of men, and became as uniy^ it^lf. One of the earliest con'P1^? tjpes known is the crux ansita formed like or circlet resting upon it. ^i' lnotion tnf +'18 ma^e an(l female organs of 1't'l'l'0tf D t;i a !er th0y may denote good- nc- abX7a ,the "fe to come. The erf* J''1 omnionly found sculptured on Eftf&l T-m monuments, and the inyS+lU Chaldean ^'e hidden wisdom" .of Peruvian'-i °1 tl,e. ancient ^Tl>tians, India > > Americans, and of every anC'°qn in remofo ^era'spheres. Humbolt foii»< remair I?ps.c*latka the cross and other 'i5 of hieroglyphics, similar to those • t was engraven on the gla-s statlil p, .a' on the walls and tombs of ki'^iA T rpnrpsAnf1 frustrum of a cone the sian'l nr on til f8 g00dn^ springing from a heart GX. t'• re,ist of a mummy, it denotes hope o esp^t on of reward> TJ'two coloflJal stat^ Museum „er. s^lnd may be seen at the Crudely engraved.0 °U the backj the same si^n ^"3 +>io^ovid or "as the conventional so with t ,qflr<l sometimes called the egg or th° A,' n°ted the female principle and covers1 1 of the Epliesian Diana and the A,ra"i?,yh ta- i'i whose temple all the woi»°n TK Prostitute themselves to 0 rohes of the dark-skinned motbe Jndia were similarly adorned, as '1, Juno's birds which drew her chai'i°t o i the heavens. We are told that the ,vV0^ Juno was universal, that the Einpllf," Q 'ii1'ei was small compared to hers. As I'y CfiHed her daughter, she was the S'P1 i" T hirth in Arcadia, was I-is in %yl' Lueina of the Latins. Ilytha was also i- .-ame as Diana, Venus Lubentia, and Genet'1 1S' '° a!*0ie from the sea. Juno was not oidy 1. J] ot heaven, presiding over marriage and ,c' f 5' e Patron of sexual virtue, and puni3*16.1, ewidress jn matrons, but was al.-o the god(,ess C:f, all Power and empire, and the dispen^r of riches. In 1 'kf.r^en*s among her various titles was 3111 „ • because she presided l' !1lftrrwge, and PnaUornoda from her affec- tion f3r t,'« fhe °f the upper member of the crn* aPs T. K sometimes displayed as a handle, as in tk° n n "ataeombs and on a Babylonian u f1 om Khorsabac, an eagle- headed reari o ds the circle in his right hand and the ta11 m. 10ft- In the ophite hierograms, which.remind us of an era of widespread serpent worshiPi il depicted as a pennate circle, and as a circl° 19 borne in the claws of the flying Scarabeu*. t le saered emblem of Pthah, and is found scl Pj. from Europe to Mexico. jn a modified form, and joined with the tau, it is the oldest ensign of majesty In India, and ia commonly found III the hands of Brahma, Vishnu and liva. In Christian Europo it is adopted by every potentate, including our queen, as a symbol ot royalty," whose coronation orb, surmounted by a pectoral cross, id nothing more tban the embodiment of the traditional crux 71 S(i The Rev. William Haslam, in his work, The Cross and the Serpent, gives aeuriousandfanci- ful explanation of these facts. He says I have suggested that tbe Cross was conceived when the redemption of man was designed. I cannot doubt that it was revealed with the prophecies. 1 It was in prophecy, as it is now, an outward sign of an inward mystery, connected with a p'romise. It was the sign and pledge of that promise, and as such, in whatever sense the out- ward observer regarded it, there seems little doubt but that to the initiated it was a holy and blessed sign of hope in a fallen age and a pledge of the promise of light in a period of darkness." In another passage he waxes still bolder: The Cross was known to Noah before the Dispersion, ana even before the Flood and I will venture yet further, and say, the Cross was known to Adam, and that the knowledge, as a sacred sign, was imparted to him by the Almighty." li ii -may ?(l'ni.ro tne enthusiasm which suggests all this, and which is eminently theological and clerical, but unfortunately the patriarchs and prophets never once referred to the Sign of the Cross, and the Hebrew and Sancaritan Scriptures are equally silent. They were, however, thoroughly familiar with it, as it formed in their days a significant part of all Pagan worship. Of all its many forms, "there is not one amongst them, says the Edinburgh reviewer, the existence of which may not be traced to the remotest antiquity, and we might add nor tho causes of whose variance cannot also be traced The Maltese Cross-the. battle-axe of Thor— originally four huge phalli carved out of the solid rock, but afterwards metamorphosed by the vir- tuous knights of St. John, or the Cross of St George, which marks the English flag, and every other, is nothing more nor less than a Phallic symbol. Eude, upright stones, especially those George, which marks the English flag, and every other, is nothing more nor less than a Phallic symbol. Eude, upright stones, especially those of a conical form, appear to have been the earliest objects of worship by mankind, and their assis- U(- tance, by contact, to produce fruitfulness is still invoked by woman in many parts of the world. In every mythology the cone was the emblem of the mother of heaven, whatsoever her name, and every altar and high place of hers was originally conical or pyramidical. One stone standing upon another, or inserted in the earth, represented a rude cross. The mystical tree, the tree of life," was also represented in the form of a cross, or by the hieratic sign of the Deity across its stem. Every circumstance pertaining to this was pecu- liarly phallic. When serpent-worship began to supersede tree-worship, the ophite emblems were of a similar nature. The serpent with its tail in its mouth has the same significance as the D-M f anmta. When, at a later stage of civilization, the worship of the moon and the sun successively prevailed, and the followers of the sun made war upon the "Great Dragon," many of the old emblems were devoutly adopted, and a composite religion. And when, in the fulness of time, Christianity made its appearance and developed orders and hierarchies, it incorporated within itself almost every feature of Paganism, including the supreme Phallic symbol—the Cross. Erotic Christianity worships the Divine chdd, adores Mary, his c mother, and practically gives the Supreme Deity an inferior place. Christ's wounds are dwelt upon in almost every hymn with perfervid ecstacy, and the Cross of Calvary is the foundation of faith and hope. To have inserted the Virgin in the Trinity would have been to literally imitate the older cults, so the Arkite deity of Thebes or Babylon, a distinctly phallic one, whose will was interpreted by the Jonah or Doves, gave rise to the Divine Messenger and Interpreter, the Holy Ghost, the Dove of Christianity. At all points, our religion is lineally descended from the older and the most ancient. We have our Tree of Life, our Sun of Righteousness (uprightness), our Cross of Salvation, and the hope of an after life. We have also a. bitter aversion to the "old serpent" and all his works," although we retain many of the latter in our rites and ceremonies. The Cardinals' points of superstition have varied, and mankind have boxed its compass, so that at length they seem returning to their old love the religion of Humanity and the worship of Nature. We are beginning to perceive that whataver is good and beautiful is natural, and that whatever is natural is also good and beautiful. Possibly the time is not far hence when we shall not be ashamed of our bodies, with their organs and functions, or of any other work of God, but shall see in all a Divine beauty worthy of pride and praise, and shall again recognize as our Trinity the Father, Mother and Child.
THE CLIFF CASTLES OF WALES.
THE CLIFF CASTLES OF WALES. THE CAMBRIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. The Pembrokeshire section of the Archaeo- logical Survey of Wales, now being carried on under the auspices of the Cambrian Archmolooical Association has been the means of opening the eyes both of specialists and of the inhabitants of the ancient principality of Dyfed to the extraor- dinaryrichne-sot the county in ancient remains of every kind, a large proportion of which are not marked on the Ordnance map.3. The visitor coming to this part of Wales from the well-wooded districts of England, and looking at the landscape for the first time, cannot fail to be struck, and perhaps repelled, by the almost entire absence of trees, which, except in the secluded valleys, are quite unable to survive tne force of the prevailing winds. Now, it must not ba forgotten that what to us who are accustomed to the high farming and sylvan beauties of England appears a more or less barren wilderness would be in the eyes of the first Neolithic settlers a land flowing with milk and honey. Here there would be no necessity to clear spaces in the primeval forest with a stone axe or by the aid of fire, so that half the battle with Nature was already over. The g'roat battle with Nature was already over. The gT2at extent of coast line must also have loon a great attraction, as the cliff castLs which are to be seen On almost every suitable headland show that even in the earliest times the pre-historic population supported themselves very largely by the fishing industry. These cliff-castles were at one time attributed to the Danes, but the most reasonible view is that propounded by Mr. Edward Laws in a popular lecture on the subject delivered during the Haverfordwest meeting, namely, that they were the permanent settlements of a stone-using race who lived on the harvest of a shell-fish, such as oysters, limpets, mussels, razor-fi-h, periwinkles, &c\ to be gathered on the shore. On the land-ward side the cliff-castles are protected by ramparts and ditches, and the beach below was reached by a dangerous path down the face of the rock. The cliff-castles were, in fact, the fishing villages of the period, but besides those was reached by a dangerous path down the face of the rock. The cliff-castles were, in fact, the fishing villages of the period, but besides those there are in Pembrokeshire a much more impor- tant class of strong-holl- great stone forts, with immense ramparts of rubble, enclosing a large area occupied by numbers of hut circles, or "cyttiau GwyddeJod" (Irishmen's houses), as are popularly called in Wales. Settlements of such magnitude and defended by such heavy military works deserve to be dignified with the title of towns rather than villac-eo. The best examples in Pembrokeshire are on Moel Trigarn, Carn Vawr, near Strumble Head, and St. David's Head. The prehistoric towns at Carn Gocli, in Carmarthenshire, Treceiri, in Carnarvonshire, and Penmaenmawr all belong to the same type. Unfortunately none of these sites have been scientiffically explored, so that there is some doubt as to the nationality and stage of culture of the people by whom they were erected. Judging, however, from their close resemblance to the settlement on Carn Bee. in Cornwall, recently explored by Mr. Thurstan Peter, of Redruth, it seems probable that the stone forts of Pembroke- shire belong to the end of the Neolithic peiiod. The Archaeological Survey of Wales has also borne fruit in the discovery of three or four inscribed stones Í:1 Pembrokeshire and the borders, the most important of which are the tombstone of Vortipore, Prince of Denietia, at Llanfeliteg, and the bilingual Tigernaci Dobagni Ogam-inscribed stone at Llangwarien. The great interest of these monuments is that they belong to tbe darke.-t period of our national history, between the departure of the Romans in A.D. 450 and the conversion of the Saxons, about A.D. 600. The information gleaned from the inscriptions is little beyond the names of the persons commemorated in Latin and the Celtic equivalents in Ogams. But even this is sufficient to connect particular personages with certain districts, and since the language of the inscrip- tions is Goidelic, it enables us to mark out the area of Wales in which the Gaelic or Li-di racial element predominated over the Brythonic or Welsh in the sixth and seventh centuries. The meeting of the Cambrian Archteological Associa- tfon at Haverfordwest will not have been held in vain if the strong prote-t against the way in which the place names on the Ordnance map are mis-spelt is productive of some reform in that direction. According to a statement made at the general meeting of the Association, the question of the spelling of the place names in Wales is henceforth to be referred to the district councils, whose members are perhaps the very last persons qualified to deal with a philological investigation.
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-------------FASHION NOTES.
FASHION NOTES. By MESSRS. BEN EVAXS & Co., LTD., SWANSEA Fashion this autumn has taken a decided depar-o ture from the usual conventional lines, and greatly favours military and tubular braided trimmings. Gowns with an application on the skirt, and the bodice adorned to correspond are quite a la mode, the effect being a pleading change from the some- what plain and shall we say severe styles of the past season. The demand for this class of goods is unprecedented, many of the large manufac- turers having to run their mills overtime in order to meet requirements. Amongst the many novelties shown, black and gold braids take premier rank, being followed by charming effects in ombre tinted braids. Hussar sets, braided yokes, and motifs, also corsages, are very becom- ing, and are very popular. Special attention should be called to the great improvements in style and make of English-made trimming. Hitherto we have been, to a great extent, depend- ent upon the foreign manufacturers, but this season's production of home goods should take first place, the value being decidedly superior to that offered by Continental competitor; In the mantle department are displayed a number of the newest shapes and novelties in jackets and coats, amongst the former being the new "Russian jacket, an illustration of which is given below. NEW "RUSSIAN" JACKET. fV.f ?(\UC f or satin antique are some of the latest in head-gear. These are arranged to iV Wlth- a ve, y decided tilt to the left, hence usually spring tips of various colors which aie arranged to droop towards the front, and again to the back, but rarely used in the erect style with which everyone has become so familiar. All shades of tan, beaver, beige, castor and fawn in ribbon, velvet and feathers are much in favour, as also are natural grey, white ostrich marabout and tox-tail leathers. Very pretty and attractive are the children's and gijjl's costumes. At no previous season have the styles and materials been so varied and charming a beautiful collection is shown in cream corduroy, serge, lambskin and seal cloth, trimmed Thibet, grebe and ostrich feathers with bonnets to match. Faced cloths are also much used in moss green, cardinal, new blues and browns, trimmed beaver, mouflon and marabout. The accompanying sketch illustrates a very pretty French model for young misses. It is made of cardinal serge, trimmed with black braid and buttons. No wonder that Parisian shops prove so bewitching to the women of all countries. At the present moment there are many bibelots which are specially attractive—small lockets containing the four-leaf shamrock, and brooches of every sort of flower in enamel. United rings are superseding others, each wire displaying a different stone and four or five united at the back by metal bars. Cherries are fashionable in millinery and very much in jewellery, especially as brooches, with the red fruit and green leaves. Frenchmen fasten their scarves with heavy gold rings having a gem in the centre while the women secure their laces or their bodices with huge gold safety-pins having a jewel boss in the middle. Chatelaines are now once again quite the fashion, and to these purses are attached formed of gilt rings, like chain armour, as well as many small charms, some of them more quaint than pretty. The pictures in the Tuileries and the Louvre depicting lovely female faces are selling freely as miniatures, set in gilt Empire frames. Every sort of quaint device for a silver-table is to be bought in this bewitching capital, together with many new devices in diamonds, the prettiest being slides formed of the stones in lacelike designs" which threaded through "with velvet or ^auze make pretty necklets the same treatment of' stones takes the form of aigrettes and coronets. The modern mother will hear of nothing but white for her children's surroundings. She must have her nurses habited entirely in white, and some charmmgly pretty winter garments for children have been brought out to meet this want. The cosiest of coats for little people of two years and upwards are made in soft fluffy lambs'-wool, with sometimes an applique of silk embroidery, but more often only a deep pointed collar. More elaborate little coats, equally soft, are trimmed with rich designs in white silk guipure as insertion and hillings. But the height of luxury is not thus attained, for white satin brocage is now employed for these juvenile garments, bordered with an ostrich-feather ruche. Tbe hats to go with them are trimmed en suite and made in corood silk the bonnets with grebe bordering the upturned bnrn, which in shape recalls something between a Quaker bonnet and a Normandy peasant s headgear.
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----SCIENTIFIC NOTES.
SCIENTIFIC NOTES. M. SANDER has proved that alcohol and ether have the property of keeping oxygenated water better than any other substance does. It is suffi- cient to add a little alcohol to the water and keep it in a place sheltered from the light. AN international meteorological observatory Is to be erected on the top of Mount Kosciusko, at the south-western extremity of Australia. The originator is Mr. Clement Wragge, who took the first meteorological observations on Ben Nevis, and the founder is the Hon. R. Barr-Smitb, of Torrens Park, South Australia. THE LIGHTEST SUBSTANCE. The lightest substance known is said to be the pith of the sunflower, with a specific gravity of 0'028, whilst elder pith-hitherto regarded as the lightest substance—has a specific gravity of 0'09, reindeer's hair 0-1, and cork 0'24. For life- saving appliances at sea, cork with a buoyancy of 1 to 5, or reindeer's hair with one of 1 to 10, has been used, whilst the pith of the sunflower has a buoyancy of 1 to 35. THE LIGHT OF THE GLOWWORM. The light of the glowworm (Lampyris noctiluca) has acquired new interest since the "X" rays were discovered, and Professor Muraoka, of the University of Kioto, Japan, has been studying it carefully. The light comes chiefly from the. female, that of the male being very feeble. The larvee are also luminous, and sometimes receive the name. The light-giving apparatus is below the last rings of the abdomen. The eggs, too, are luminous. Until recently it was believed that oxygen rendered the protoplasm of the organ phosphorescent with disengagement of phos- phuretted hydrogen; but Professor Muraoka, fol- lowing the hint of Becquerel, the French chemist, to the effect that salts of uranium and other flucrescent bodies emit rays similar to the Rontgen rays, has found that glowworm light also behaves like these rays. Three hundred glowworms caught near Kioto were placed in front of photographic plates screened from the light by several thicknesses of black paper, as well as plates of brass, copper, and aluminium. A card- board with a hole in it was placed between the- metal and the photographic plate. For two days the arrangement was kept in a dark chamber sheltered from all foreign lights, and on develop- ing the plate it was found blackened by the rays except opposite the hole in the cardboard. The rays of the glowworm can therefore pene- trate metal, especially aluminium and copper, and appear to excite luminosity in cardboard. len there is nothing between the sensitive p ate and the glowworm it behaves like Gidinaiy light, but in traversing some metals and cardboard it seems to acquire properties of the A raj s, or else the glowworm eniits X')' as well as ordinary rays. AN INGENIOUS IRRIGATING WATER-WHEEL. La Vivonaise is the name given to an ingenious irrigating water-wheel which has been invented and patented by MM. Pascault and De Coursac, of Paris." It is an undershot wheel, with floats. of corrugated iron, each float being fitted with a peculiarly-sluiped tube. These tubes are styled by the inventors yudets sijdwides. The air escapes through these tubes, while the water vessels to which they are attached fill with water, and when they reach the top of the wheel the same tubes discharge the contents of the buckets into a trough. Some experiments which have been made at the Govern ment establishment in Paris for testing machinery are said to have given very satisfactory results. AN ELECTRICAL PIONEER. Frcfessor A. E. Dolbear recently delivered an address at Greenacre, U.S.A., on the pioneer- ing work of Mr. Moses G. Farmer, from which it appears that Mr. Farmer at twenty-six had built an electrical railway, at twenty-eight he had improved the telegraph, at thirty he had in- vented and constructed the fire-alarm system with water-power driven dynamos, at thirty- five he had discovered the means for duplex and Cjuadiuplex telegiapny, and at thirty-six the art of depositing aluminium electrolytically. At that age he read a paper before the American Association for the Advancement of Science on multiplex telegraphy. At thirty-nine he had lighted his parlour in Salem with incandescent lamps, at forty-four he had greatly improved theimo-electric generators, at forty-six he had invented the modern dynamo with self-exciting field, and at forty-eight had lighted a house in Cambridge with forty incandescent lamps in multiple circuit and all properly self-regulating. The Professor concludes that there is good reason for believing that the introduction of the con- denser into telegraph work, which so enormously increased the working capacity of the line, was Mr. Farmer's invention. SEXTUPLEX TELEGRAPHY. An American inventor has succeeded, as he recently demonstrated in Boston, in achieving what Edison, Tesla, and other famous inventors have been working at for many years-namely, the sending of six messages on a single wire. The perfection of this sextuplex system has been what these men have been striving for but Mr. Thoiiias B. Dixon's invention is described asr beirg as perfect in its operation as has been the quadruplex system which is in common use. This result has been cbtained as the outcome of work which was begun as far back as 1891, and the first partly successful test was not achieved until two years ago, since which time Mr. Dixon lias been perfecting his apparatus. The test at Boston was over a loop to New Haven and back, and during several minutes' sending and receiv- ing no breaking or interference was seen. Two sides of tbe sextuplex can be used as a quad- ruples, and such a test on a loop from Boston to Buffalo and return, and to New Haven and return, a distance of 1,3CO miles, has actually been made, thus proving its advantages over the ordinary quadruplex system, the limit of the suc- cessful working of which has been from five hundred to six hundred miles. A great saving in the cost of wire and maintenance is said to be possible by this invention, so that the hearts of the telegraph company shareholders should rejoice. SOME PROPERTIES OF METALS. At Toronto, before the British Association, Professor Chancellor Koberts-Austen delivered an interesting address on metals, from which we make the following extract: The whole tendency of mcdern work had been to break down the barrier between metals and the so-called non- metallic elements. It had been proved, more- over, that the three states of matter, solid, liquid, and gaseous, merge imperceptibly into each other, and that even in a solid some mole- cules were present wliici*. retained the freedom of motio-i characteristic of gaseous molecules. Much care was devoted to shewing experiment- ally that the behaviour of a solid metal may closely resemble that of a fluid one, and that a fluid one in turn shares the properties of an ordinary non-metallic fluid. Water in flowing in a vertical stream through a narrow orifice breaks away into characteristic drops and drop- lets. Professor Boys had, by instantaneous photo- grapy, pictured such waterdrops. Professor Austen had done the same with a fluid stream of pure molten gold, and he found that the drops and droplets of gold were identical with those of water. Again, a sphere falling from a height of a foot or two into water produced a remarkable "splash," which within the tenth of a second changed from a coronet-shaped splash into a columnar one some two inches high. Professor Woithington had taught us how to photograph such splashes. Professor Austen stated that there was an old tradition that much might be effected by shooting with a silver bullet. He had, for the purposes of tha lecture, cast bullets of pure gold, and had photo- graphed the splashes they made when they fell into a pool of molten gold, and found that the gold splash and the splash of water or milk were identical. Further, it was shewn that when ai solid projectile of steel was urged against a steel armour-plate with a velocity of some 1,600ft. a. second, the projectile produced in l-3,000ths of a second a splash of solid steel plate, which in turn bore a strange resemblance to the fluid gold splash. Hence it was evident that solid steel really behaved like a viscous fluid, and, knowing this, a valuable indication was gained as to the treatment the metal should receive to fit it for defensive purposes. ABOUT DIAMONDS. The Royal Institution lecture on "Diamonds," by Sir William Crookss, F.R.S., is perhaps the lest scientific treatise on the diamond ever written, says the Globe. According to Crookes, the gem was formed by carbon crystallising out of molten iron below the surface of the earth under great pressure. Water finding its way down to the hot iron, steam was generated, and burst a vent hole or pipe to the surface, in which rocks, petroleum, diamonds, &c., were churned as in a volcano. These pipes became the pits in which diamonds are now dug in South Africa. "It may be," the writer says, "that each volcanic pipe 's the vent for its own special laboratory-a laboratory buried at vastly greater depths than we have reached or are likely to reach—where the temperature is comparable with that of the electric furnace; where the pressure is fiercer than in our puny laboratories and the melting point higher; where no oxygen is present, and where masses of carbon.saturated iron have taken centuries, perhaps thousands of years, to cool to the solidifying point. Such being the conditions, tbe wonder is not that diamonds are found as big as one's fist, but that they are not found as big as one's head."
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