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THE SMALLER AND THE GREATER EARNESTNESS. 'Tig earnestness 'tis deep sincerity! 'Tis eager manly purpose we are told- That leads mankind so strenuously to hold Conflicting tenets in theology And partY politics Were men to be In thought and speech more kind and tolerant Truer to truth and warier of cant- Life might decline in Faith and Liberty. Not so not so Some party cries and creeds Are nothing less than rank and poisonous weeds That choke earth's flowers and hinder fruitfulness 'Tis large conciliation-'tis the power To see beyond the quarrels of the hour That measures manhood's noblest earnestness Nov. 26, 1887. P
- LOCAL GOSSIP.!
LOCAL GOSSIP. The Dowlais Company, Forest of Dean, have advanced the wages of the miners at Edge Hill, MitcheldeaD, 5 cent. The workers at the Colat Mines and Cement W"rJls are also advanced 5 per cent. Mr. W. N. Vellacott, Mayor of Bideford, died on Monday afternoon in London, where he bad gone to obtain medical advice. Mr. J. S. Burrow, the preceding mayor, also died within the present municipal year. ■When the Irish mail f0r Holyhead w»s near Bangor on Sunday morning two of the coaches re thrown off the line. Happily no persons were iujorfd> but great delay was occasioned. It was due to »r,ive a* Holyhead at 3. a.m. but it was 5 o'clock before the train reached the station. The officials of the Railway state that the reported accident to the Irish mait train at Bangor, North Wales, is incorrect- lh<3 accident happened to an excursion train !"e nrnl~f Belle Vue, Manchester, to North Wales. ihe train was slowing into Colwyu Bay Stat'0" when the hindmost carnage struck the points and toppled over, and was dragged some little distancf• 1 he passengers were extricate;! unhurt, although °an''aSe w*s damaged. The mail train which fo**°we<* excursion, was delayed a couple of hour* to the breakdown. The mft'den ladies of Swansea have been heard to declare that there are a great many more women than men in tt>e worl(1- Perhaps this is the reasonWhilst in the I»st <luarter the annual death rate among males in England and Wales was 17.7. among females it was only 15.7. flurrah The schoolboy has not yet become the master of his schoolmaster. Justice Mathew and Wills, in the Queen's Bench Division on Tuesday, quashed a magisterial conviction of the heaa-master of Church- street Board School, Hoxton, for assaulting a boy, one of his pupils by caning him on the band. The judges held that the magistrate was wrong in concluding that catlj t},e band was necessarily attended with risk to the hand that tbe in^ict'on punishment in that — 1 criminal act. way was a From the sixty-seventh report of the Commissioners of Her Maie8t?8 Woods. Forests, and Land Revenues we learn that the amount of Crown rents and duties collect01* during the year on account of Crown nroDertv in Wales was £12,801 4s. 4d. viz Fee-farm, quit,' and other unimprovable rents, £1,715 Os. 5d rents of land, shooting, &c. £ 3,457 10s, 5d; rents of mines £ 7,628 139. 6d; total £ 12,801 4s. 4d. TI.e arrears on the 31st of March last amounted to £ 2,323 3s. lid. Dr. Rylf, the Bishop of Liverpool, sets himself against the proposed general increase of the Episcopacy. Addressing a diocesan conference on Monday, he expressed disagreement with those who sought to needlessly increase the number of bishoprics, for 19th century bishops, with the help of the printing-press, telegraphs, and rainvajs, Could do a hundred times more work thau the bishops o the primitive Church. He also objected to the proposed monastic brotherhood as being fraught with danger, specially in conjunction with vows of poverty, celibacy, and obedience. Here is a question asked in the South Wales Press;— Was the late Mr. Rawleigh Addenbrook Mansel of Swansea (sheriff uf Carmarthenshire in 1844, and then described of Llanddarog in that county,) a descendant of Rawleigh, third son of Sir Francis Mansel, of Muddles- combe, by his second marriage ? or was he descended from Rawleigh Dawkin, of the Kilbrough family, who took the name of Mansel?" The answer given is this: Mr. R. A. Mansel's father and grandfather, both bore the name Rawleigh, and were of Swansea. Coming events cast their shadows before. With our enlarged Town Council, consisting of not less than forty feeders without reckoning the representatives of the Prsss the Swansea civic luncheons and invitation lun- cheons are doomed to fall into desuetude. Cardiff has taken that ster, and has affirmed the principle that a teetotal mayor may withold alcoholic drinks from his guests On"Saturday Mr. Councillor Saunders, who was selected as mayor of Cardiff for the ensuing year, stated that he could no,, as a teetotaler, provide alcoholic drink in connection with his civic hospitality. It was agreed that the usual mayor's banquet be dispensed with, and that a subscription banquet be given by the town to lIJ- coming mayors. In the Probate Division on Saturday an action was brought to test the validity of a will of Mrs Elizabeth West, widow of the late Mr. John Barlow West, of New- port Ellen Short. Mrs. West's niece, was pjainfciff. and defendants were two sisters of the deceased. Plaintiff pro- pounded the will, which was made in September, 1882, by which the property was mainly left to the plaintiff. In 1888 Mrs West was under the impression that her husband ought to dispose of the property by will, and accordingly he made a will in similar terms, and she des- troyed hlr own will. After hearing the evidence Mr. Justice Butt gave judgment for the will made in 1882. At Monday at Worcester the Severn Commissioners discussed at length the desirability of promoting a bill j„ the next session of Parliament authorising ^Prove- ments in the Severn 8oas to permit vessels of 400 tons to proceed from the Brislol Channel to Worcester and to extend thereby trade between Birmingham and the Midlands and South Wales. The Gre,at Western Railway intimated strenuous opposition to the BiU in it9 present ferm, though they wou consider any well-niaturef' scheme for the real improvement of the Severn. The meeting was adjourned un l Monday. It was stated during the discussion tha ardiu merchants had guaranteed 50,000 tons of trafnc tor en yearg_ In oar own country there is a considerable prevalence of the practice of marrying too muc extra- ordinary evidence was given in the 1 roDa i E>iVorce Division on Saturday. It wag shown t a e who was the respondent in two petitions was in rried 1882 to Dr. Charts Couzens, a medical prac i again in 1855 to a Mr. Pk-rson, her first husbaM, Mr. Bardsley, being still alive. All three court. Mr. Justice Butt granted a divorce in eac two petitions, and soothingly assured Mr. Bardsley the lady belonged entirely to him. That gentletna however, intimated that he also would present ft petition for divorce as soon as possible. It is astenishing how loug old and senseless popular customs persist even in the face of growing intelligence. Why, for instance, should the silly „id practice of letting off fireworks, in commemoration of the great Gunpowder Plot he continued m Swansea to the present time? It ba6 been shrewdly guessed that the fire festival is really » much older custom tnan the tale of Guy Fawkes that 14 'indeed, nothing less than a commemoration of the a*cient religion of Zoroaster the adherents of which )LeTereoced Fire, and preserved sacred flames on their 1.°™ the best symbol of the Godhead "for our God \t (and purifyit's) fire- fBe lhat,as it may, it is a Plty the d|[n 008 destructive and wasteful practice of l«tting off |rt,WOrks is continued in these our days m the chief Ulres of our towns. al!ey c*n boast of manv and tall chimneys, but to the greatest height there is "a higher still. A factory chimney said to be the highest in the world, is now being erected at the Royal Smelting Works, near Freiberg, m Saxouv The horizontai flue from the works to the chimney is 1,093 yards lODK it crGsse8 the river Mulde, a"d ^he^. ^akes an uP.ward course of 197 ft- to the top o« the hill, upon which the chimney is being built. The base of the structure is 39ft. 8quayre bv 30ft. in height, on which is placed.a short octagonal transition, from which the round shaft starts. This i3 430 ft higi, or, together with the base, 460ft. hign, with ?d(j diameter of 23ft. at the bottom and 16tt. 6in. at the top. It will take a million aud a half ot bricks, and the ifl £ 6,000. Bankrupts derive a hint useful both to themselves well as their unfortunate creditors, by the jUst decided > rc Raw, in which the receiving order was made tfn'n8S the bankrupt in D^ember, 188/ but upoR th di^e endeavouring to collect the_ debts liability Wa8 Th^ some of the alleged debtors m several 8a8es. Jt>j8tee ther-nvon requested.the bankrupt to afford ^tber assistance in realising the estate; but not- Tn!repeated appl>cations,to.111^8 effect> and the fact th^th J h d aCCordingiy before the vacation served hv^tiustee hau of an ii)tended Rpplication to bave h m f c0nternpt of court for wilful neglect of flatted tor c Bankrn t Act 1SS3. he had 4QUn^fr ^° m steps to comply' with the very proper to f the trustee. The bankrupt's p]ea to the court of th that his books had been kept in a satisf » answer, wa" d tiiat even if they were imperfect, had been in the habit of making tbet^ J3- + ti, hoiikruptcv, being cow °'J*i ertry information. ^he chi f Jud„0j however, gave the bankrupt a £ «•"« £ t to rendOT the Squired asswtar.ee and in case be did not wfaat nt.ct.8Sary, ordered bis committal to prison at the end 0j period. Some ;10 leading Welsh clergyrnen ur d the claims of the Welsh Church on '-und»y on the National Church Sunday in London pulr'ts- <-)" Monday morning a break- fast took place at the liO'el victorin, Northumberland- avenue, by invitation of the Archdeacon of St. Asaph, :it which were present « natuber of cler»y frcm Wales, who had come up tc' °n the National Church Sunday, when Sir John -Puleston, M.P., urged that advantage should be taken of the occasion to press for tiie building of a new Welsh ^urch in the West of London. The Dean of St. Asaph, the Archdeacon of Montgomeryshire, and the Rev. H. Granville Dickson were among the other speakers, and the latter urged upon the Welsh clergy that they should now in turn invite the English clergy to visit Wales and see them at work-- an idea which met with general approbation. The"Welsh Sunday Closing (^mission do not propose to take any further evidence in London Their report, it is expected, will be laid on th. table of the House as soon as Parliament meets. A enp^ial private meeting of the members of the Brecon Town Council was held at the Guild-hall on Monday for the purpose of selecting the Mayor for the ensuing year. Colonel John Morgan was unanimously nominated amid loud applause. This is the third time in succession that Colonel Morgan has been selected for the mayoralty. The population of Swansea as well as of London is in- creasing at a more rapid rate than the proportionate increase of the London police force. Just 40 years ago the authorised number of police, according to t recent st ite- ment of Mr. Monro, was 5,493, and the population was then under 2,500,000- At present the men actually available for policeauty number but little beyond 9,000, though the metropolitan population is now nearly 5,600,000. In Swansea Captain Colquhoun is constantly asking for an increase in the number of constables. The fewer the police the better" the ratepayers will say, "provided public order and decency are main- tained." That is right enough, but it is the bounden duty of chief constables to maintain order and decency, and they would rather be over than under-handed. Small blame to them. At the meeting of the Denbighshire Connty Council, to be held to-day, Mr. Councillor W. E. Samuel will move the following censure upon Mr. Thomas Gee, the chairman of the council: — That, in the opinion of this council, it is not consistent with the faithful discharge of public duties for any gentleman on the Commission of the Peace, who has sworn allegiance to his Sovereign, to be a party to such action as may be calculated to disturb the feeliDgs of loyahty cherished by the inhabitants of the principality towards the Throne and person of her most Gracious MaJesty; aud this council desires to record its regret that on the occasion of the recent Roval visit to Wales an attempt should have been made to'sow seeds of discord, dissension, and disloyality in the midst of a loyal and united people. "-Resolutions on the tithe question will also be moved. Mr. A. J. Williams, M.P., having offered half an acre of tand near Bridgend as the free site of an Inter- medhate School, if erected there, now writes to explain that this half-acre "is part of a few acres of land which have largely increased in value during the last few years. This increase in value is merely due to the land bemg_so near the town. I have stated my view on the subject of this kind of increase in the value of land in an article which I contributed to the Fort- nightly Beview," in March, 1887, and I have since more than once publicly re.stated this view. It is, in brief, that a large share of this increased value ought to belong to and be applied for the benefit of the neighbouring town where it is really due to nothing else than the fact that it is near the town. This is the case with my land. I am therefore simply carrying out my view when I place part of it at the disposal of the local authority for a public purpose, which will, I believe, prove to be of great and lasting benefit to the district." M*. Moorhouse,. the wife of the Bishop of Manchester, in opeoxng a baza!*r in the Rochdale Town- hall, got op to clear off the debt of £ 100 owing for the organ in the Rochdale Parish Church, said that manv of those present migot have read in Church papers articles condemning Church bszuars, because it stated the eift of God cannot be purchased without money "Of course it could not, and she did not suppose knvone imagined for a moment that it could. Surelv however it was equally true that the work of a church like that of any other institution, could not be canied'on without money. Did not every church and every institution appeal constantly for money ? Churches could not be built without money. Clergyman had bodies as well as souls like other men, and they could not live without monev. Althougb it. might seem to some people easier to collect subscriptions instead of resorting to bazaars, yet surely so long as there were people who possessed time Rnd skill to devote to the service of the Church, but not money, it was right they should have an opportunity of contributing when a sale of work too k place. The Cowbrige Farmers' Club is doing good public service in discussing and disseminating information about pastures and grasses. At a meeting held on Tuesday, at the Bear Hotel, Cowbridge, Colonel Tyler (Llantrithyri) read an interesting paper on "Pastures and Grasses, and the Best Method of Cultivating Them." tie said the era of pasture land in this country dated from 17-50. The facilities for procuring seeds from merchants could not have been great at that time, and they had to be laboriously collected by farmers from the best parts of their herbage. This, no doubt, accounted for the fact that the best. pasture was to be found near the villages and homesteads, the farmer leaviDg the more distant portions of his land for future improvement. In 1750 grass must ha.ve been the great stand-by for the farmer and almost the only food for his animals. At the present day, he said it was a well-founded belief that a pasture badly laid down in the first instance never attained any degree of excellence. On the other hand, an opinion bad been formed by men of experience that if a piece of ground were left to fallow it would in time diaw of itself 1.10,. grasses best suited to the soil, and would become as good a pasture as that particular soil would support; indeed, some people went further, and maintained that if herbage grasses other than those natural to the soil were sown, they would died out, and the natural ones would take their places. Another contention by those who advocated the necessity of cultivating herbage grasses was that good and suitable seeds should be sown. The plants should be cared for until they formed a sward. He quoted several examples of good pastures he formed by strict attention to the conditions which h^d been laid down by the best authorities on the subject. In the first place, the land must be thoroughly clean and in good heart. Heavy soils always retained permanent grasses best and were expen- sive no cultivate. After the land had been well cleaned it should be well manured. If it was thoroughly drained before preparation it would greatly assist in obtaining a good pasture. Observation showed that pastures varied in quality according to the soil, and the subsoil more sssster*4 Bwio»ioj A— which It pertaiiied. In a dry c.imate, when the land was of good nualitv a gram crop was valuable as a protection to the vou'nt seedg, but tae c0rll sfcould be thin. As soon *s COn venieut after ^rvesang the grain the young crop of seeds should be well rolled The grass should be mowed the second year before the seeds ripened. This was very important, but in a great inany cases it wa8 neglected. It was absolutely necessary that the seed should be clean The botanist to the lioya Agricultural Society stated that he had examined -341 specimens, mamly seeda for Permanent pasture, »nd found that a large proportion of them Were utterly bad. One specimen contained only 6 £ er of living seeds. This was not the fault of £ be Person who sold the seeds to the farmer, hut of the who supplied them to him In conclu81on. he whether for the consideration fi)rmers cl*t> it would ib«TO whe» ^'aSS Iand WaS 80 VfUuable> rK^a^.e for the club to encourage and di reeledulhT °r otherwise, in the cause of experiment a-to show th-\t-Un^OVemeilt °f native pasture land, so T ."itific^culti?'^ PH8t«e could be greatly benefitted b iTof the i.roD^l°? and manure, thus increasing the politiou of the tenantf°r the laudlord bettering A ^s writtena 8*on* gr.by the Welsh Diasenterfe1!01 rePudiaT"°! llTil in the course of hi, u.T; I enter my protest thi8aIgit>ition is assuming as entlrei ag^st ^e to™ spirit of Christ Jesus aud of ou, holy reU^i "denarture from the pure contrary to every co^ a I of 1brotherhood, manli- ness, and justice. I am "°L V, T-111 St*te established and State endowed Churches. C r stianity d0Q8 u t „ d these crutches. The principle is bad, and the favoumthsm iHvolved, to the exclusion of other b.aQch Christian Church, is unjust, unfair, and injurioM to true and vital religion. I believe tuat DisestabU, would prove a great boon to the Church and Woald • it self-coatrol, freedom, and ft power, which ,fc does8^ posaess now, to adttpt itself to present needs arguing, however, against the present methods Gf aaita.ion, and pointing out that no agitation that xvag unjust to the individual could be risrht in principle, the writer says ln a Word this a_;tation has introduced poverty, worry, sleepiesa nights and broken health mt0 many a clergyman's home and family. I eu,er Protest against this injustice and cruelty. This question is really a religious one, and special careBh0uld have been taken to keep passion and pokers and hot water and rotten egg# out of it; but this has not been done. Our leaders have not discouraged it they lead us f<8 our horses do, by being driven. This is an unhealthy agitation time will reveal this. Nonconformity will suffer, the Establishment will gain, and this cruel agitation (cruel as regards the sufferings it inflicts upon the clergy) win 8ome day be deeply deplored by its leaders. I again enter my earnest Protest against the present agitation against tithea as cruel, unjust, unfair, and unmanly.
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''DODGINO" THE WEATHER.—'What the farmer has do in the department of agriculture the town man ht+ ? in tiie department of health. To the inha- ama larB'e city the weather is but one enemy ™?nS many he has to contend with, and to evade or intfr the case, however, of rains, snows, and fcwmoi ^vasion is better than resistance. Very rnnninfTc towns can stand a dronching'' without anri if ha ?n°as risks. The countryman may get wet, on him with and etrong may let his oiotlies dry is he initiaii t'e danger. Bn'. that is because no only in the open Jir ,°7e\but ht is moving about all da. heat of his body T? fep8 UP y eXL'rf.lse the animal whf»n ho o-of- town man, on theotnop hand, double reason that he is -^n lowerr =, for the movement, and thatthe cold ,v°0I'.in? w.ai™.by rapidly chills the surface Out'1 ''lothing strong enough to Rtand even v'' ven, > other nineteen will be in S/" Sb»rmed; throat, inflammation of the wJ h^or rot Bore some other painful and pital/.
SWANSEA PUBLIC LIBRARY.
SWANSEA PUBLIC LIBRARY. A meeting of the Swansea Public Library Committee was held on Tuesday evening, at the central building in Alexandra-road. There were present, Mr. J. C. Woods (vice-chairman), presiding. and Messrs. F. F. Hosrord, R Gwynne, Philip Rogers, H. A. Chapman, T. Roberts, Jno. Lewis, A. Mason, R. G. Cawker, J. Deifett Francis, S. C. Gamwell, J. Wiiliams, Walter Lewis, J. Aeron Thomas, T. Freeman, F. Rocke, Abram Francis, and Hort, Huxham. PROPERTY AND GENERAL PURPOSES COMMITTEE. On the motion of Mr. Chapman, the report of this Committee, which was quite of an ordinary character, was confirmed. VISITING COMMITTEE. The Mayor and other members of the Committee bad paid visits to the Library during the month, and their reports were entirely satisfactory. LIBRARIAN'S REPORT. The report of the Librarian and Secretary (Mr. S. E. Thompson), shewed that during the month the volumes consulted in the Reference Department, represented an average daily issue of 3S4'5, as compared with an average daily issue of 259 37 in the corresponding month of last year. The total number of presentations was 110 volumes and 63 sundry works—kindly presented by the following publishers —Macmillan and Co. Cambridge Univeisity Press; Religious Tract Society; Frederick Novate, Relfe Bros., Brown and Nolan, Deighton, Bell and Co., Richard Bentiey and Sons, Wiliiam Kidgway, Freethou"ht Publishing Company, Messrs. Penrose and Sons, Houkton and Sons, George Gill and Son, S. \y'. Partridge fnd Co., Longmans and Co., and John Heywood. On the motion of Mr. Gwynne, seconded by Mr. J. Williams, the Librarian's report was adopted. Mr. Williams, in seconding, drew attention to the list of publications presented, at his suggestion, by various publishers. At the last monthly meeting, he brought forward a resolution suggesting that publishers should be approached, and asked to seud educational and scientific works to form a nucleus in the Reference Library for teaches and students to consult, with a view to ma'kin" purchases. He (the speaker) was disappointed and dis^ couraged at the way in which the suggestion was received by the Committee. Fortunately, through the kindness of Mr. Hort Huxham, the resolution was seconded but everyone seemed t,) throw cold water upon it. (Cries of "No, no.") He reminded them that he had taken considerable trouble to work up the matter, and that he had written to fifty publisber8 and he might tell them, without egotism, that the suggestion, in the opinion of his fellow teache^ Was an admirable one. In reply to a circular, issued by the Librarian, they had already been presented by publishers with 125 volumes, which would form a very valuable adjunct to the educational work of the district, as teachers and students, requiring a book on any given subject, would be able to select the one most in accord- ance with their tastes. If he had taken a book from a second-hand bookstall, and represented it to them as a rare and valuable work, the suggestion would be received with the approbation with which such a suggestion always was received by the Library Committee. ° Their work waS an educational work. They catered for the masses, and not for the classes. It was a good thing to have rare and artistic works, which might lie In seclu- sion and under the (Just for years, but ho felt stroncly that the Library was for the good of the people and thought that the suggestion he had made should be actively taken up^ and pushed to the front. He might not be a member of the next Library Committee, but if he were be should put forth bis beat endeavour's to see that modern works should, so far as possible be obtained^ and also some maps, which Would 'be as serviceable as many of the so-called pictures. (Hear hear.) Mr. Aeron Thomas, as one of those present at the last meeting, assured Mr. Williams that there Was no desire, on the part of any member, to throw cold water upon his suggestion. Ou the contrary, they readily fell in with it; they were pleased to have tne books and not only approved of what Mr. Williams bad 'done. but gave him every encouragement and credit (Hear hear.) Tile Chairman expressed pleasure that such satisfac- tory results had followed the suggestion and consented to insert in the annual report a paragraph, having refer- ence to the books that had been presented, a reference which, it was thought, would be j"1 and fajr tQ the b lishers, named in the report, and also act as an incentive to other publishers to follow in their footstep^ and at the same time, advertise to tho public the facfc of ex, istetice of the books. Mr. Chapman thought they should achnoxviecjge these gifts in the press, and it was agreed to send copies of the annual report to the donors of books. THE FINE ART GALLERY. On the proposition of Mr. Gam web, seconded by Mr. Aeron Thomas, it was decided that the' surn, not fxeecd* iliv.610, asked for by Mr. Deffeti Brancis Le expanded upon the fra-ming of pictures '11 the Fino Art Gallery. The annual report and the rLP, "t of th" Hem. Curator were received, and ordered tr be prjir|- jor circulation, and the proceedings then ttrn^j^gj
---SWANSEA EYE HOSPITAL.
SWANSEA EYE HOSPITAL. The annual meeting of the Swansea Eye Hospital was held on Monday evening, when the attend^ller w#s veij meagre. In the absence of the President, Dillwyn, M.P., the chair was taken by Mr. It D Ba"uie. Among those present were CounciH01* ^son. taptaiu Castle, Messrs. S. Goldberg, J. P IdOrga, Dr. Jabcz Thomas, and Dr. Davidson, Mrs. J¡¡bez Tl'op.ia.i, Mrs. Burnie, Miss Katie Thomas, and Mi" kena Thomas. The Secretary (Mr. R. H. Thomas) read the following report:— The cotruriittee thankfully nis from the employes at the following works :f 0vviais Workmen's Sick fund, The Swansea Tin-plate Co., *srs- 1hnjel Ellwands aud Co., The Aberclulais Tin-plate Co-i 'e -ilfrew Tin-plate Co., Messrs. Vivian and Sons Hafod Isnft oi'ks, Messrs. Cory, Yeo, and Co's Fuel Works, The Low J^vel Haulage Co., The Clayton Tin-plate Co., The Loco. VfP* .™ein 0f the .Midland hallway, and t.he Morriston Spelter vv It trratifyin^ to tiie committee to note that tneir errous ln Car in on the work of tiie Eye Hospital were app^j? by those for whose benefit the Institution was estaDii a. xiie committee expressed their thanks to Miss VV at a*'» and the other ladies who collected subseriptions, to the gvrnen and ministers who made collections on beha" "l funds, and to Miss Thomas through whose efforts the ''ss of the concert was mainly due.—The committee also aesneu t0 express their high appreciation of the valuable »n" f,toUg services of the Medical Officers, and tendered h'-arty thanks for the time and skill which they h„ decl on behalf of tne patients.—The statement of in ,We<l that at the end of the linancial year there was a ba'a and of £ 3 3s. 2d., but the outstanding accounts arnoum ibo jgg Tiie report ot the Medical Otn the two years ending August 31st, 18^9, stated that t of cases for the l«st two years was as follows"ts, 3,839 consultations, l:-J4 admissions as iu-patieiita. I)ei'ationS jla(j been Pei" lormeu. Councillor Mason movei bat staten3ent ot accounts and the reports ot t e and medical accounts and the reports of the euratilittee and medical staff Le received, adopted and published," and in doing so expressed hi# regret tbat there was suCh a ]ar„e jefioieucy, and hoped every effort wou e made to wipe it (Hear.) Towards this end be would cheerfully contribute i'5. (Applause.) Mr. Simon Goldberg seconded, and the motion was carried unanimously. The Chairman remarked that R8 those present we™ aware they had, after a great deal of difficulty, succeeded in getting a new building adjoining fhe ywauseft Hospital for the reception of patients. Xhe neHr Eye Ho»pitai would afford every opportunity of carrying on the work on a largei scale, in conillnctioQ with the General Hospital. The building was rapidly approaching com- pletion, and would be opened early jn t^e year, and be trusted that before occupying it) th would'ba«,e no liabilities. (Herr, hear.) Dr. Jabez Thomas proposed That the officers be re- appointed for the ensuing year, ancl that th, following gentlemen form the committee of management :-M«*srs. R. D, Ruruie, E. H. Castle, J. Cady H Chalk) E. W, ^ook. Rev. Eli Clarke, Messrs. T. Davies J. Davies, J. G. Gordon, Joseph Hall, Willjafn 'Howell, James Jones D. C. Jones, David Jones, D ueager T.MiHward, Rev. James Owen, Messrs. ThomasPhillins'Ed-Roberts, Rev Canon Richards, Dr. J- A. Rawlin^s' Rev- Canon Smith, Dr. Sibbering, Dr- H- Thomas. Me88I's- L. Tulloch, B. Ihornas, H. Watkms, -d ^jlliaius, and AViUiaiM Williams, and Councillor Mason's »ame be added." Mr. S. Goldberg seconded, and the resolution was carried unanimously. The Chairman proposed That the best thanks of the meeting he given to t e medical aQ(j surgical staff f0r their valuable and gratuitous services to that institu. tion." • a- Mr. J. P. Morgan, in »econding) 8poke of tb« efficiency of Drs. Jabez Thomas and David8ot)i and the remarkable cures they had effected. He felt certain th»t the com- mittee could not get better men. (Applause.) The resolution was carried. Mr. R. II. Thomas (secretary) proposed » 7<>te 0f thanks to the ladies who had collected subscriptions for j the institution, and to Miss Thomas for he1' Taluable assistauce in making the concert a success. Captain Castle seconded, and bore testimony to the eXceliexit services rendered to the institution by that you tig lady. ^be resolution was carried with acclamati00, tho 'Ss Kate Thomas proposed "That the best thanks of tilcl tnet..titlg be given to the committee aad "onorary Mis8 r°r their services daring the past ye»r- ThBS,^ena Thomas seconded. for tb»i rm'-n returned thanks. The Dumbor of cases o Q'JQ ast two years was as follows Patients 171 oner^f U^ati°ns j 134 admissions as in-P^tients, and Aff fJlons- meeting tern^^040 °f thanka to tbC cbaini!an' tte
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+T1^RVVwhicliC'(S,TNSI':ER LAND IN CHI>RA'"7TILLI: IS a C largely into the transfer of land m C 11 < oil \Vas formerly regarded as the prope^ y thftGi?uVan^ or owner for the time being, but rata ei'itage of a family or tribe and its complete all but forbidden All the members 0 wts tamiiy or tribe were supposed to have, subject to or owner's life-interest, a more or less direct ieveinonary right, and while the latter was not absolutely prohibited from dealing with the property, he was bound to have regard to the family -isrhts, either by allowing his kinsmen the right of pur- chase, or by reserving the power of redemption. Thus in addition to the system of mortgaging land as security for money lent, there is another and possibly the origi ial, form of mortgage, which recognises the right of redemption. Under it tho land changes hands but n Inte -oat is payat lo on the amount of money advanced in consideration of Lhe transfer; no accounts of rents or profits are nccessary and the original owner may at any time within thirty years, on repayment of the money, regain possession of the land. The land, in fact, and not the money, is lent.
I HOW TO PRESERVE OUR SCARCEI…
HOW TO PRESERVE OUR SCARCE WILD PLANTS. Mr. W. Strickland, of Trinity College, Cambridge, makes some happy suggestions with a view to prevent- ing the total extinction of our rarer British plants. He says many causes are no doubt at wurk to extinguish them. The slow change of climate, the collectors of herbaria, the dilettante fern far.ciers, townsfolk who root up snowdrops and primroses to plant in pots in back windows, last, but not least, the villa-builders who^ have exterminated several rare Surrey species within living memory. No doubt trans- plantation of ferns, osmunda, for example, and wild phanerogams, temds to extinguish them in their original habitats. On the other hand, it may tend to preserve a scarce species by distributing it. A glance at any good book of systematic English botany proves this, for it shows how many of our wild English plants are really ''escapes from gardens. To cite only one or two. There is the stramonium, the galinsogaparviflora, the Canadian gleabane, aristolochia or birth wort, and many others; while genuine native sDecies, such as hyoscyamus and digitalis, have no doubt become more widely distributed through cultivation than they other- wise would have been. Perhaps the musk mallow (malva moschata) is about the best instance of this that one can give. My object is writing this letter he says is to suggest what I have no doubt is the most practic- able way of preserving scarce English plants. I sug- gested it to the Yorkshire Naturalist Society, of which I am a member but the suggestion wasnot well received. I also mentioned it to a. botanist of standing, who also disapproved of the idea, and gave his reasons; but I will deal with the scientific objections further on. To preserve our rare species we must disseminate them and to disseminate them we must throw the seed On the bright sort of soil, in places were it will not be dis- turbed. and where the climate is neither too hot nor too cold. There is a means of disseminating rare seeds in the proper localities which is absolutely perfect for the purpose and open to the use of everyone, viz., the rail- way system and its cuttings and embankments. Lovers of our native scarce plants should while away the ennui of a railway journey by taking packets of seed and a geological map with them, noting beforehand the localities, soils, and latitudes proper to the seeds to be distributed. The seed could then be thrown or puffed out in cuttings or upon embankments, where it would have a chance of growing undisturbed. To carry out this plan effectually there ought, however, to be a society formed, which would supply its members with packets of the seed of ra.re plants and instructions where to throw it out. It scarcely needs to be said that most of our rare plants are common somewhere, so that there would be no difficulty in obtaining the seed at a very moderate cost. A railway journey, which is now with most of us a barren waste of time. would to members of this society be more or less instructive. They would learn from it something, at all events, of the general geology of the country and of the distribu- tion of our native Flora. I now come to the objections of the scientific people themselves. They are afraid that this attempt to distribute, or perhaps I should say redistribute, our native Flora, would interfere with scientific deductions from the actual habits of scarce plants. Manifestly, it could only interfere with inferences based upon the absence of a plant from a certain locality, and as the habitats of all our scarce plants are now pretty well known. I do not see how it could really affect scientific theorising. Moreover, as I have more or less pointed out above, the process of naturalisation of foreign species and the redistribution of our own has been going on for centuries through cultivation, the distribution is therefore already so artmcia at I do not think this objection (which for that matter could easily be obviated) is worthy of serious acoouat.
LUNDY ISLAND 100 YEARS AGO.
LUNDY ISLAND 100 YEARS AGO. The growing importance of Lundy Island as a Light- house and Telegraph centre, as well as the proposal to make it a Refuge Harbour and a place of Naval Defence, will lend an interest to the following notice of the place, written in 1792 by John Walkins, and published at Bideford. It occurs in a reprint of the book which has just been added by Mr. Francis to the Deffett-rrancis Reference Library:-The island of Lundy which lies opposite this part of the coast is five miles long, and two broad, but so encompassed with rocks that it is accessible only in one part, and the avenue there is so narrow, that a, few men might defend the pass against a. multitude. Though it is distant four leagues from the nearest land, it abounds with fine springs of fresh water. The soil of the southern part is good, but the northern part is rocky.-There is among others, one craggy pyramidical rock, so remarkable for the number of^rats burrowing about it, that it is called Rat Island. The whole island abounds with rabbits and wild fowl. It is inhabited by one family, which is ¡ maintained by saving the rabbit skins and the feathers I of the birds. It formerly belonged to the Granville family, it was afterwards the property of Sir John Borlase Warren, who designed to have settled a colony upon it; he sold, it to John Cleveland, Esq., who is the I present, proprietor. Risdon says, that it once had a fort, and a chapel. He also from Mat. Paris, relates, that one William Moriscoe, conspiring the death of Henry III. at Woodstock, confederated with a Knight of the Court, to murder him in his chamber, by an inlet iu the window, but it chanced that the King lay else- where that night, whereupon the villain sought in other ¡i places and chambers with his knife drawn, and found Margaret Bysset, one of the Queen's maids, late up and reading, who hereat being affrighted, shrieked out and awaked some of the King's guard, who eoming up laid hands upon him, and after some imprisonment, he was drawn in pieces with horses, at Coventry, whereupon Moriscoe fled to this island, and strongly fortified it, and became a pirate, doing much damage to this coast, but at last he was surprised, and with sixteen of his companions executed. Formerly, says the same author, this island had governors, for Sir Ralph Willington had the custodie thereof committed to him, and after he was discharged, it was committed to Humphrey de Bohun.
-—^ J GOOD NEWS FOR THE GIRLS!…
-—^ GOOD NEWS FOR THE GIRLS! GOOD NEWS FOR THE GIRLS! THE MARRIAGE RATE IS INCREASING. In his usual quarterly return, the Registrar-General reports that during the three months ended June last the marriages of 111,372 persons were registered in aur* ^ales> corresponding to an annual rate of per 1,000 of the estimated population. The rate showed an increase of 1.0 upon that re- corded in the corresponding quarter of 1888, and exceeded by 0.4 the mean rate in the second quarters of the ten years 1879-88. This increase in the marriage-rate compared with that in the June quarter ot 1888 was fairly general, but was especially marked in. Buckinghamshire^in Gloucestershire, and in the mining counties of Durham, Northumberland, Mon- mouth, and South Wales. The lowest county rates in the second quarter of this year were 7.4 in Rutland- shire, 10.4 in Hertfordshire, 11.2 in Huntingdonshire, and 11.7 in Norfolk; the rates in the other registration counties ranged upwards to 16.8 in Durham. 16.9 in feouth Wales, 17 ,4 in Lincolnshire, 18.1 in Monmouth- sbire, and 18.7 in Northumberland. Here is the other side of the picture across the Channel. The Journal OjfLciel, in its recent statistics as to the population of France gave some interesting tables showing the number of divorces which have been granted since the new law came into force five years ago. The total up to the end of last year wa.s 17,177. It may be said that there is one divorce in Prance for every 435 marriages; but the proportion varies enormously in different departments, as nearly one-third are obtained by residents in Paris and the suburbs, while about 45 per cent. of the other divorces have been obtained bv residents in large towns. Since the new law came iiato force there have been 5208 divorces in the departanent of the Seine, 634 in the Gironde, 612 in the Seine-et-Oise, 587 in the Nord, 555 in the Bouches-du-Rhone, 549 in the Rhbne, 493 in the Seine-Inferieure, and 415 in the Aisne; while at the other end of the scale there have been only 12 in the Correze, 10 in the Cantal, 9 in the Hautes-Alpes, 8 in the Savoie, and 2 in the Lozero. The causes assigned for obtaining a divorce are, in 9 cases out of 1C, cruelty and desertion, and where adultery is alleged the petitioner has 71 times out of a 100 been the husband. Of the 4,708 divorces pronounced last year, 121 were after less than two years of marriage, 520 after between 2 and 5 years, 1,275 between 5 and 10,1,162 between 10 and 15, 740 between 15 and 20, 437 between 20 and 25, and 453 after more than 25 years of wedded life. It may be added that in 48 per cent. of the cases in which a divorce was granted there was no issue by the marriage.
LOCAL PATENTS. -
LOCAL PATENTS. The following record is supplied by Mr.. N. Watts, offices for patents, designs and trade marks registration, 31. Queen-street, Cardiff, 30, High-street, Newport. and 6, Salubrious-place, Swansea. APPLICATIONS FOR PATENTS.—Thomas Jenks, Batn An improvement in machines for cleaning knives and forks. James Bural, Cardiff: Improvements *i packing semi-tnetallic for stuffing boxes of steam engines and other mecnanical appliances.—Edmund Hogan, Bath An adjustable darning weaver.-Charles W. Tosper, Barnstaple: Stamping letter. or post cards automatically.—Harry 6. Obbard, Cheltenham A candle fixer.—John Scott, Bristol: Improvements in machinery for crushing and pulverizing. „ INVENTIONS PROVISIONALLY PP.OTECTFD.-J- K. Navies and Joseph Thomas, Gloucester: Wood tire-lighto-s.—William D. Wright, Pontnewydd Improvements in the manufacture of tin and terne plates and in apparatus therefor.—Howard Gore, Stroud: An improved eyelet for boots and shoes.—George Darbev, Bristol Improvements in velocipedes. — Robert Jakeman, Lassington Improvements in travelling wheels.— Charles B. Baaeti, Cheltenham Improvements in steam engines. —James Kead Improvements in decker-ovens. APPLICATION TO REGISTER TRADE MARK.—Maggs Brothers, Swansea. Class 42, No. 92,023.
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A FIGHT BETWEEN A VIPER AND A HRDGEHOG. A Danish naturalist. Dr. Bilandt, relates the following curious fight between a viper and a hedgehog Sauntering one hot day recently, about noon, on the Billeslund estate, I espied a hedgehog in a grass meadow with its eyes fixed intently on some spot in a hedge close by, and, by following its gaze, I ssw a viper lying on the bank curled up, sunning itself. I sat down on the grass to watch them. For quite an hour the two combatants remained immovable, the hedgehog keeping a steady eye upon his prey. Then suddenly the viper began to move and exactly 1lI the direction of his foe. The hedgehog let it nearly pass, when, swift as lightning, it darted forwards, and, having seized the viper by the tip of its tail with its teeth, rolled himself up. The viper writhed under the bite, and dashed its body repeatedly against the quills of the hedgehog till its blood flowed, and in a short space of time, it had practically committed suicide. The hedgehog then proceeded to devour its prey, from the tail upwards, carrying away what be could not consume;
1 lEocal Intelligence j
lEocal Intelligence j YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.—On Tuesday, the 29th ulc., an interesting "talk" about "The Teeth," W;lS given iu the rooms, Dynevor-place, by Mr. T. N. Kitson, the chair being occupied by Mr. E. N. Belling- hair. In a homely and lucid way, the lecturer explained 1 the formation and growth of the teeth, the way to keep them in a healthy coudition, and the various processes which science has introduced to fill up the vacuum caused by the loss of the natural teeth. The talk." was much appreciated, and at its close a cordial vote of thanks w: e accorded Mr. Ritson for his kindness. IVIUMBLES SCHOOL BOARD.—An adjourned meeting of the above Board was held on Tuesday evening, when there were present the Rev. J. C. Davies (Chairman) Mr. Thos. Davies, and Mr. W. Bennet.—The meeting resolved itself into committee to deal with the applica- tion for the post of Attendance Officer, rendered vacant by the death of Mr. W. Morris, when the Hev. Thomas Davies moved that Mr. John Saunders be appointed, as his tender, < £ 24 10s. 0d. per year, was the lowest.— Mr. Bennet seconded and it was carried.—The resig- nation of Captain W. Evans, a member of the Board, was deferred to the next monthly meeting. It is expected that Captain Evans will then withdraw his resignation, seeing that he has failed to get the appointment of Attendance Officer, for which he ten- dered. HOW WELSH TENANTS GROW RICH.-At all sales of Welsh landed property the tenants, it will be observed, nearly always buy the farms, being able to afford almost invariably thirty-five or forty years, and not infrequently forty tive years' purchase, there being generally a perfect scramble amongst them for the land. No one else in the kingdom can give these prices, but a sample case which came before the Judge of Lampeter County Court about a fortnight ago explains the matter. The judge granted the Vicar of Llan- fihangel Khos, Carmarthenshire, treble damages and costs against a farmer for the removal of animals seized for non-payment of tithes. During the trial the plaintiff's advocate stated that the vicar had received none of. last year's tithes, which amounted to between -6140 and £ 150, that there were arrears due from the previous year, and that he had let a farm, but the intended tenant said he dared not take it. The result was that the vicar was penniless.—Land and Water. THE ABERTAWE INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LIMITED.-The sixth quarterly meeting of this Society was held at the Oxford Cofiee Tavern, Oxford-street, Swansea, on Monday evening last, Mr. J. R. Leaver (the President) presiding, a very large number of members being present. The minutes of the last quarterly meet- ing having been read and unanimously adopted, the chairman, in moving the adoption of the report and balance sheet for the quarter ending 30th June last. congratulated the Society upon the continued increase of the business, the profit; mitde being sufficient to pay a dividend of 5 per cent. to members, and 2V per cent. to non-members upon the amounts of their respective pur- chases. Since they had last met, and in accordance with the desire expressed at the August meeting, the first branch of the Society had been opened, the trade done there during the short time it bad been in existence, being considerably in excess of the expectations of the com- mittee.—The retiring members of the committee were re- elected by a majority, and the usual number of members appointed as reserve committeemen to fill !.ny vacancy that might occur during the ensuing three months. The usual vote of thanks to the chairman brought the meeting to a close. In re LANDORE SIEMENS STEEL COMPANY AND COMPANIES ACTS.—In the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice on Tuesday (before Mr. Justice Chitty) the further hearing of the summons relating to the above compjny was resumed. The summons was taken by the trustees of a certain debenture deed, and it asked, not- withstanding an alleged solicitor's lien, that the company, or the liquidator, or the solicitor, might be ordered to deliver up certain deeds, or that, alternatively, leave might be given to commence an action to recover the documents. Mr. Byrne, Q.C., and Mr. Maclaren supported the summons, which was opposed by Mr. Roiner, Q.C., aud Mr. Bards well. The plaintiffs' case was that by an inadvertence, five plots of laud had been omitted from a debenture deed, and counsel for the resp indents submitted that the trustees of tne debenturt- daeds in question in the matter were not entitled to possession of the documents until the solicitor's lieu had been satisfied.—Mr. Romer having concluded the respondents' case, Mr. Justice Chitty, in giving judgment, examined at length the arguments for the respondents, and said that he held that there was nothing to induce him to come to the conclusion that the trustees for the debenture-holders had a right to the deed. He held, therefore, that the solicitor had succeeaei on his lien. GRATIFYING PRESENTATION AT MIDDLE BANK COPPER WOKKS.—An event of interest took place on Monday last at the Middle Bank Copper Works, the occasion being chosen to present the manager of the smelting depart- ment, Mr. B. Richards, with a memento of his late marriage, in the shape of a handsome timepiece,subscribed for and presented by the employes engaged by Messrs. Pascoe Grenfell and Sons, at the above-named works. During the dinner hour, the men gathered together in the refinery, where the selected gift stood upon a table, and where it was seen by all and much admired. After 1\ a few introductory remarks by Mr. J. Borlase Gwynne, who acted as chairman, Mr. David Stephens, one of the oldest employes, was called upon to present the clock to the recipient. This was done in a very feeling and appropriate manner, setting forth the feelings that prompted them all to act as they bad done, viz., that of cementing the good feeling that already existed between the new manager and themselves. Mr. Richards, on receiving the timepiece, briefly returned thanks in the kindest manner, aDd said that tbe present was quite unexpected by him, and came as a most agreeable surprise. He could assure them that nothing should be wanted on his part to do all that lay in his power to promote and sustain the kind feeling shown to him in so tangible a form that day, and he hoped that all present then would help and assist him to do their utmost to further the interest of the firm, who ever had their welfare at heart. After three hearty cheers had been given for Mr. and Mrs. Richards, the workmen dispersed to their different duties. The silver inscription on the clock read as follows Presented to Benjamin Richards, Esq,, by the employes of Middle Bank Copper- Works, as a token of esteem on the occasion of his marriage, October 29th, 1889." The marble clock was supplied by Messrs. Taylor and Co., jewellers, Wind- street, and was a beautiful specimen of the clockmakers' art. MESSRS. ABRAHAM AND RANDELL, M.P.'s, IN GOWER. —A Liberal meeting was held at Knelston Board School- room on Friday evening to hear addresses by Mabon, M.P., and Mr. D. Randell, M.P. The chair was taken by Mr. Richard Beynon, of Burry's Green. The room was crowded. Amongst the audience were the Rev. David Edwards (Congregational), Pilton Green Rev. S. Jones (Baptist), Knelston Rev. Mr. Kirk (Wesleyau), Horton Rev. Mr. Rowland (Methodist), Burry's Green; Rev. Mr. Rees (Methodist), Old Walls; Messrs. John Tucker, Horton Sylvanus Bevan, Overton S. Bevan, jnr., Port- eynon George Beynon and D. Williams, Burry's Green G. Bevan, Llandimor J. Thomas, Hill End S. Davies, Reynoldoton J. Harris, Reynoldston J. Jones, Old Walls; John Thomas, Oxwich Green; W. Jones, Leason; Samuel Bevan, Rhossily; Mr. Lewis, Kneiaton; and J. Smith, Reynoldston. After the chairman sopen- inc remarks, the following resolution was proposed by Mr. John Tucker (Horton), and seconded by Mr. Is. Bevan (Rhossily)That this meeting expresses its unabated confidence in tbe great leader of the Liberal party, the Right Hon W. E. Gladstone, and sincerely hopes that his valuable life may be spared, so as to enable him to bring to a successful issue bis proposals to secure justice, peace, and prosperity to Ireland and other p ats of the United Kingdom." Mr. D. Randell, M.P., supported the resolution.—Mr. Abraham (Mabon), M.P., said the people now were exercising the power given them by the Liberal party, and were demanding reforms as a right and not as a charity, and would no longer be contented with doles. As to Mr. Gladstone, he had proved himself to be the true leader of the Liberal party, having trust and confidence in the people,-The resolution was unanimously carried, as was also one of confidence in Mr. Randell as their Parliamentary representative. This was proposed by Mr. John Thomas (Bill End), and seconded by Mr. is. Bevan (Overton). The meeting was brought to a conclusion by the whole audience rising and joining Mr. Abraham in singing Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau. SWANSEA TOTAL ABSTINENCE SOCIETY.—As it was expected some of the successful candidates would be present at the Ragged School, on Saturday, to address the meeting, the place was full to overflowing shortly after 8 o'clock. Mr. Heald, who was announced to preside, being unavoidably absent, was ably substituted by Mr. William Davies. The preliminaries over, the chairman asked his hearers to do all in their power to further the temperance cause, which was the only antidote to the fascination drink had for many of their fellow-creatures. (Hear.) He was pleased they had been so successful on Friday, but sorry they had sus- tained one defeat in not returning Mr. Charles Davies. This gentleman, however, though defeated, was neither disgraced nor dishonoured, and had gamely determined on the first opportunity to offer himself again. (Ap- plause.) He hoped in the near future all representa- tives of the people would be temperance men. (Cheers.) A contribution by Mr. Treharne's choir here met with appreciative approval, and the familiar number Sweet Belle Mahone," sang by Miss Treharne, gained her the applause of the audience. A solo by Miss Read fol- lowed, aucceeding, the Mount Aion Dialogue Party happily sustained with six characters an instructive colloquy.-Mr. Charles Davies, m the course of a hu- mourous address, said, though he had been defeated, he was neither disgraced nor dishonoured, and in- tended to offer himself again for election after Nov. 9th when, he understood, there would be another va- cancy in the Brynmelin ward. (Hear, hear.)—Coun- cillor J. M. Mayne could not refrain from coming there that night to shew that he had not lost his head by his recent elevation. He thanked everyone present who had given him votes, also the large number who used their sympathy and influence in his favour m the work- shop and wherever their labours lay. (Hear, hear.) As he had not been residing in the ward for over six years, during which many houses had been erected and strangers to him had become occupants, he was agree- ably surprised to find the number of votes he had polled. (Cheers.)—Mrs. Pailey followed with the solo, Won't you buy my pretty flowers, and >Iiss Jones agreeably recited "The Victim." Mr. D. j. Nicholas read the announcements and proposed a vote of thanks to the speakers, and made some practical observations on the late contests. Mr. N. Johnson seconded, and added that the great evil in all their efforts was the want of cohesion. They did not alwavs agree to differ, and forgot their principles as teetotallers demanded self-sacrifice.—The Benediction concluded the pro- gramme. SUNDAY SACRED CONCERTS.—The first of a series o these concerts took place at the Drill Hall, on Sunday evening, at 8.30. There was a fair audisnce for a first essay, but to be attractive and successful there mu-t be less monotony and more variety in the shape of a selection of vocal music-a. desideratum which will, we understand, be supplied in the future. The programme was a capital one, but entirely instrumental, consisting chiefly of selections from the religious works of Waguer, uw -n Performed by 40 instrumentalists. Mr. ?V^\?TeS,WaS th,e oondi«tor. and under his ablp baton the band proved very effective, and gave miuh satisfaction to all present. THE METAL TRADES. EXPORTS OF TIN-PLATES, nu'~°f these metals from the Bristol Channel ports to the United States and Canada during September were 10,461 boxes tin-plates 1 850 boxes Canada plates, and 1.042 boxes black takers to Quebec and Montreal; 4.7o9 tons rails, 13 326 boxes tin-plates, 1,250 boxes Canada plates, and 911 boxes black taggers to Montreal; 58.649 boxes tin-plate-to New York. 66,990 boxes tin plates to Baltimore. 22 457 boxes tin-plates to Philadelphia, 1,481 boxes tin-piates to Galveston, and 15,669 boxes tin-plates to New Orleans. LLANSADWRN AND LLANWRDA — SEASONABLE BENEVOLENCE—17 TONS OF COAL DISTRIBUTED.— Through the liberality of B. Evans, E'q.. Temple street, Swansea, the deserving poor of his native parish Llansadwrn and the adjoining parish of Llan«rda were each given half-a-ton of the best Rhos coal this week. This act of kindness is greatly appreciated by he leceipients, who thus happily wish to thank the generous donor for his seasonable gift. This is one of the many acts of kindness of heart and sympathy with the poor which this gentleman, has done but which he never wishes to have made public. He that giveth to the poor lendeth to the Lord." — Correspondent. A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT ON THE COMMENCING JEWISH L-ETURN.— Some American papers "eccntly sent out a special commissioner to report on the Jewish movement towards the Holy Land. He thus reports = Thirty thousand out of the forty thousand people of Jerusalem are Hebrews, and the Israelites bid fair to again become the predominant people in Pa" tine. The Turkish Government, which has for ages pre ited them from living longer than three weeks at a i-uie iu the Holy Land, is, under the influence of the fore gn governments, relaxing its restrictions and at out they are returning to the Holy Land by the hu, ,2-, They are engaging in business and they now control a great part of the trade of Jerusalem. Some cf them feel that the day when the prophecy of the Bibb thM they shall again inhabit their land, shall be fu is at hand, and one curious tribe from Southern Av < -a claims to have received a revelation that tin y m,.t rruVe desert country and come back to P<t'e>st!r". I hey have lived in Yemen Arabia for the past 2,0 years. They are of the tribe of Gad, and they left Palestine 700 years before Christ was born. Thev are bringing with them many valuable old documents waich prove their origin, and not a few of them are engaged in agriculture near Jerusalem. A half century-&.o there were only thirty-two Israelite families in all Jerusalem and the number in Palestine was only 3,000. Now there are nearly fifty thousand in the Ho" Land and three-fourths of the population of Jerusalem is made up of them.The Christadelphian. THE UNFORTUNATE WELSH COLLIERY.- A TION AGAINST BUILDING SOCIETY DIRECTORS JUDGMENT FOR £ 66,000.—In the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice, on Wodnesdav, Mr. Justice Stirling gave judgment in the action the Sheffield and South Yorkshire Building Society v. Aizlewood and others. The plaintiff company is in liquidation, and the nominal plaintiffs are Mr. George Hawson and Mr. E. S. Foster, its liquidators, who brought the present action by leave of the Court. They called upon the defendants, who are the former directors of the society, or their representatives, to re- fund or replace all moneys, amounting to about -EISO.OOO, advanced by them to Mr. Thomas Joseph, a South Wales colliery proprietor, upon the security of the Dunraven Collieries, m the Khondda Valley, and lost to the shareholders, the allesration being that the advances were made ultra vires and outside the rules of the society, and that proper inquiries had not been made as to the value of the mines before the money was lent. The defence was that similar advances bad been frequently made before and never objected to, and that no ocjection would have been taken now ii' there had not. unfortunately, been a loss, caused, it was stated, through the large fall in the price of coal. It was further alleged that all necessary investiga- tions bad been made prior to the advance to Mr. Thomas Joseph being made.—His Lordship, in givi- g judgment, traversed the society's dealings in connec- tion with the colliery, and summed up as follows :— The transactions that had been impeached in the action might be dealt with under three heads—the first, the original advance of £25,000 to Mr. Joseph the second, the subsequent advance of F,41,000 to the lessees of the colliery to prevent them going into possession and selling the same and the third, the amount expended in maintaining the colliery subse- quently. In his opinion the advance of £ 25,00) had been properly made after due inquiry, and the directors were justified in what they had done As to the second advance of £ 41,000 made by the dire 'tors to prevent their security for the original advaa;), ot £ 25,000 being lost, by tho mortgagees going into possession and selling the same, in his judgment the directors had acted properly in paying off the mortgagors. He thought, therefore, that this portion of the case failed against all the directors other than Allott and the representative of Mrs. T^xlsy. With regard to the amount subsequently expended in main- taining the colliery when the security had been thrown on their hands, he considered that that also. was justified. With regard to the case against Allott and Toxley, he had come to the conclusion that thev had advised the advance of £25,000 upon an improper security, and. consequently, that their estates were liable in respect of the amount which had been lobt. The subsequent sum of JE41,000 was advance for the purpose of protecting a security which ought never to have been taken, and he thought, therefore, that Messrs. Allott and Toxley were responsible for the re- payment of the whole of these two sums. He should dismiss the action with costs as against the defendants other than Allott and Toxley, so far as relief was claimed in respect of the advances ma.de as aforesaid. He should direct an inquiry wh3ther any and what amounts had been expended out of the assets of the society in respect of the said colliery, and, if so, under what circumstances and for what purpose and should reserve further consideration of the question of all costs not otherwise disposed of by the order. SMELTING COPPER AT SWANSEA. —Swansea is an example of a locality, say Industries, which has became the centre of great mdu-try, without producing the raw materials conatitutii j the staple of that industry. Neither leal, copper, zinc or silver mines abound in the neighbourhood of Swansea, yet nevertheless it. possesses extensive and world-reoowned smelting works. Ores from all parts of the world are sent tu Swansea to be (melted, and the processes employed there hold a unique position in the metallurgy of tho world. Copper arrives in Swansea in the form of pyritiferous, silicious, car- bonate and jxide ores, also as mattes and regui.is. Amongst the richest ores are those from the Ca;;e (Namaqualand), but large supplies come from Canada, Australia, Chili, Spain, Italy, etc. Italy also sends ores rich in sulphur, well suited for making sulphuric acid. The raw materials are ground in rolls, and those contain- ing much sulphur, iron, etc., are mixed in suitable y>ro- poitions, and gently calcined in a reverberatory furnace to oxide impurities, leaving most of the iron and the copper combined with sulphur. Ores very rich in sulphur are also treated in the Gerstetihofer furnace. The products of combustion are converted into sulphuric ac'.d in the usual manner. The amount of sulphur in the "coarse metal" is reduced to 10 per cent. by the calcina- tion, the percentage of copper and iron suffering but !i::le alteration. Tae calcined coarse metal," or ore, as the case may be, is mixed with carbonate or oxide ores containing little or no sulphur and iron, and is melted in a reverberatory furnace with roatter" and refinery slag, both of which contain copper oxide. The object in this operation is to produce cuprous suiphide, of which the product known as" white metoil" contains about 98 per cent. The shig from the white tnetal" is known as metal" slag. If much iron is present in the woite metal," it assumes a bluish colour, and is known HS blue metal." The next operation, alt.0 conducted in a reverberatory furnace, but with free access of air, is kroastinj the "white metal," to remove sulphur and ot I--r impurities. -»-ne products are blister copper &d "roaster" slag, the former containing about 05 per cent, of copper. The blister copper" is now refined by a process, the first stage of which consists in exposing the copper in a reverberatory furnace to the oxidiziug action of the atmosphere. This oxidizes slag or volatilises remaining impurities, and produce* dry" copper, or copper mixed with much oxide. The second -tage of DID refining consists in reducing this oxide to the proper pro- portion, for which purpose the ingress of air is stopped, and small anthracite coal is thrown on the surface ot the molten mass. To agitate the maSI, and bring the whole of it well in contact with the coal on the surface, a pole of green wood is thrust in. The gases produced by its decomposition bubble through the molten metal, and not only assist the reduction, but also cause the desired agitation. To test when this polling" is complete, a small quantity of the metal is ladled out and tested by bending in a vice. A granular dull ied fracture indicates" under polled" metal; a fine fibrous and silky appearance of the fractured surface, "tough" metal; a coarse fibrous and metallic grain, "overpolled" metal. If the latter is the case, air is admitted into the furnace, and the metal allowed to oxidise to the "tough pitch." The slag produced during rinning is known as refinery" slug. The metal is either granulated or cast in moulds. In casting, the molds are mounted on iron tipplers over a tank of cold running water; the metal is poured into the moulds from ladles. The ingot is then tipped into the water, and the mould is re-adjusted, so as to be ready to receive another charge. The appearance of the surface of the ingot is some indication of the degree of polling. Under-polled metal develops a longitudinal furrow; tough metal has a comparatively even surface, whilst over- polled metal sets with a ridge. Many Swansea smelters go beyond casting ingots, and in many cases they rull their copper into sheets and plates, cut these into ditcs and squares, and forms them into pans and other articles For rolling, the copper is cast into bar's, slabs and cakes according to the kind of sheet required. The sheets vary from a few square feet in surface, and a small fraction of an inch in thickness, to sheets about 14 feet long by more than 8 feet wide, and from i-inch to ^-inch thick. A sheet of the latter dimensions requires as iiiti,y as; twenty men to manipulate it, when passing through the rolls. The rolled sheets are pickled by dipping in ammoniacal liquor, and annealed by heating in a furnace and plunging into water, when oxide and dirt scale off and leave a clean surface of copper. Coarse metal" is a dull, bronzy-looking brittle substance; white metal" is bright bluish gray, with be crystalline fracture.