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. THE SPEAKERSHIP.

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THE SPEAKERSHIP. It would be difficult to mention any more onerous and responsible post than that ancient and honourable one from which Sir Henry Brand has now retired. Constitutional historians tell us that it dates back as far as the reign of Edward III. in respect to the name of the office. Sir T. Hungerford having, it is said been the first to receive the title of Mr. Speaker, though the office itself is no doubt of earlier date and may be considered to have been instituted when De Montford signed and sealed an answer of the Parlia- ment of England to Pope Alexander. The original Speaker, however, was not precisely the officer of Parliament with whom we are familar, but literally the Speaker or spokesman, and the post in its earliest days demanded very different qualifications from those required now of the modern Speakers. The following particulars are of interest: Sir Thomas Hanmer, elected to the office of Speaker in 1714, is said to have adorned the office" with commanding eloquence"- hardly the qualification we now look for in a Speaker. Next" comes Spencer Compton, who once gave a crushing answer to a member appealing to him to keep the House quiet. Sir, I have a right to be heard," stormed this member. No. sir, you have the right to speak," replied Compton, but the House have the right to decide if they will hear you." After Compton came Arthur Onslow, M.P. for Surrey, first proposed Jan. 23. 1728, by the Marquis of Hartington and Sir William Strickland, and unanimously elected. Mr. Onslow," writes Horace Walpole, was chosen by the most general concurrence that was ever known." He was also elected without opposition Speaker in the four next Parliaments, all these Parlia- ments running to their full length, and his Speakership almost exactly covering the reign of George II. He was succeeded by Sir John Cust, who died in 1770, and Cust by Sir Fletcher Norton afterwards Lord Grantley, a former Attorney-General. Norton's tenure of office, which lasted till 1780, is remarkable for two incidents. On February 16, 1770, his own words were taken down, he having accused Sir William Meredith of want of candour in bringing for. ward a certain motion in the course of the Wilkes affair. Mr. Dowdeswell, ex-Chancellor of the Ex. chequer, moved, "That the words spoken by Mr. Speaker from the chair are disorderly, importing an improper reflection on a member of this House, and dangerous to the freedom of this House." The debate lasted from four to ten p.m., and the Tory minority attacked the Speaker in a manner that few persons could bear." Ministers stood by him, however, and the motion was nepatived without a division. In 1777, the subject of the King's debts having been laid btfore the House, it was agreed that his Majesty should receive £600,000 down, with an addition of XIOO,000 a year to his civil list. The bill to this effect was brought up by the Speaker to the House ot Lords, where the King sat on the Throne, surrounded by his officers of S-ate. But Norton bore a grudge to the Court, and his opportunity was now come for paying it. Sir," he said, in a time of public distress, full of difficulty and danger, their constituents labouring under burdens almo>t too heavy to be borne, your faithful Commons postponed all other business, and have not only granted your Majesty a large present supply, but, also a very great additional revenue—great beyond example, great beyond your Majesty's highest wants." In the printed copy of this uncourtly speech Norton softened the word "wants" but he had given mortal offence, and his enemies were powerful enough to prevent his re-el-ction. In the next Parliament he was replaced by Charles Wolfran Cornwall, who did January 2. 1789. William Grenville. chosen on the 5th January, vacated the cuair in a few months to become Home Secretary, and was succeeded by Addington. On the latter's elevation to 'he Premiership, Sir John Mitford laid down the Attorney-Generalship and became Speaker for one year. He went to Ireland in 1802 as Lord Chancellor, with the title of Lord Redesdale, and was the father of the present Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords. Charles Abbot, Speaker from i 18u2 to 1817, was, owing to his bland manners and fondness for "old anecdotes and ripe Stilton," nick- nam d Mild and Mouldy. His successor was Charles Manners-Sutton (afterwards Viscount Canterbury), the sou of the Primate of that name. Manners-Sutton, the only Speaker, save Sir Henry Brand, decorated for services rendered in the House—he was created G.C.B. in 1832-held his office till the first Reformed Parlia- ment was dissolved by the short Conservative Ministry of 1834-5. Early in the latter year took place the sharpest contest ever known for the Speakership. Manners-Sutton was again proposed by the Cabinet, while the Whigs put up Mr. James Abercromby, who had been Master of the Mint in the Melbourne Admin- istration, and who was elected by a majority of 10, the the numbers lieing 316 to 306. Mr. Abercromby re- signed in 1839, when he was created Lord Dunferm- line and another contest, the last as yet, resulted it, the ehction of Mr. Shaw-Lefevre, now Lord Eversley, by 317 vote-s to 299, which were given to Mr. Goulburn, afterwards Chancellor of the Exchequer in Sir Robert Peel's second Ministry. It 1841 the Con- servative majority set the honourable example of leaving the Speaker whom they found in the chair, and followed their own precedent in 1830. Mr. Shaw-Lefevre resigned in 1857, when Mr. Evelyn Denison was elected without opposision. Speakers have so very rarely made excuses when once in office for absenting themselves even for a day from their duties that Sir Erskine May thinks it worth noting that on the 20th of June, 1870, Mr. Denison asked the indulgence of the House to ena-te him to receive the degree of D.C L.,at Oxford, his University—an indulgence which was, of course, granted by acclamation and the Chairman of Ways and Means was ordered to take the chair as Deputy Speaker during his temporary absence. In all European Legislatures except the English it. is the President who propria mot it, suspends a sitting; in the House of Commons the Speaker has to be moved out, of the chi,ir, and it once befell that Mr. Denison, beinj; eft during the small hours in an absolutely empty House, had to summon back a member to I erform this necessary office for him. Mr. Denison, on retiring from the chair in 1872, declined to accept the customary I penison ot i4,U00. Ills successor was Mr Henry Brand, who r. nred from office on Monday.—Times.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

I THE PROVINCIAL INSURANCE…

♦ DISASTERS AT SEA.

WEATHER FORECASTS.

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