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ROYAL INSTITUTION LECTURES.
ROYAL INSTITUTION LECTURES. INHERITANCE." (Continued from our last.) The following is a continuation of the last lecture delivered at the Royal Institution of South Wales on the evening of Easter Monday, by Mr. Charles Higginson, M.A., of London Universitv and Owens College. Mr. C. H. Glascodine presided. The lecturer proceeded :— Before we pass to the inheritance of the finer qualities, let us look for a moment at the inheri tance of disease. We should know much more about this if the higher animals bad transparent body-walls, like some of the lower. Firstly, general nervousness seems to be transmitted; also somnambulism. Then a host of grave diseases, such as many kinds of sorofula, |PnU, elephantiasis, epilepsy, catalepsy. Endless mischief has come through the transmission of ese. Diseases of the teeth are probably largely here- aitary; so are various deficiencies in the organs of sense, such as deafness, shortsight, &c. The special disease of amaurosis, whose symptom is the perpetual seeing of spots by the eye, is hereditary. On the limi- tation of heredity by sex, we know too little there are almost certainly some such limitations, which in a few years we shall find out. We must mention the fact of atavism, which occurs when a feature absent in a near descendant reappears in a more remote descendant. It is easy for us to account for this if we consider that B, the son of A, grows like A in a certain feature to a very small extent; and then the growing cells find some obstacle to their normal growth, so that they make a slight divergence, and a slight divergence in the beginning means a large divergence in the end. C, the son of B, has his feature like A's and B's to that aforesaid small extent; the little accidental obstacle need not be found here, and the feature will be repro- duced on A's pattern. I might discuss atavism at as great length as Spencer does, but it would probablv not be well to push the subject here. Not only constitu- tional diseases but also induced diseases mav be in herited. Short sight, induced by over studv can doubtless be transmitted, as Germany gives us to un- derstand, and epilepsy induced upon some guinei-pig» was inherited constitutionally by their descendants! And now to fix our ideas a little I shall give two tables [illustrated by diagrams on the black board] showing the transmission of a malformation through several generations, in spite of marriages with people in whom those malformations were wholly absent. The first is of Gratio Kellia, of Malta, and is dye to Reaumur the second is of Esther L-, and is due to Dr. Strutliers. Kellia had six fingers and six toes on either side, Esther had only one sixth finger. In Kellia's case we see that in the first generation there was one malformation; in the second no less than seven. In Esther L.'s case we find that in the first generation there was one single malformation; in the second generation two double and one treble malfor- mation; in the third, one double and one quadruple. So that there seems not too much likelihood of such things extinguishing themselves. Let us proceed at once to hereditary talents. It is probable that the retriever inherits an acquired talent; and Mr. Lewes tells us of a puppy whose mother bad been taught the unnatural operation of begging, balanced on its shanks. This puppy, taken from its mother at six weeka old spontaneously took to begging for whatever he wanted, to get food, to be let out of the room, nay, once he was found in that position outside a rabbit-hutch, beg- ging for rabbits. In our present ignorance of the communicative power of animals I should not like to be quite sure that during the six weeks of maternal care the mother had not educated the pup on her newly-known lines. But I incline certainly to the hereditary hypothesis. And here we are as usual con- fronted with our old problem bow much is due to hereditary proper, and bow much to education ? We need not be so badly wrong as Dogberry, who said, God hath blessed you with a good name but to write and read comes by nature." But far wrong we must often be and we shall find ourselves often putting down acquired qualities to inheritance, and inherited qualities to acquisition. As a rule, the parent is for some time the idol of the child and imitation thence arises through the child's earnest conformity to its first ideal. Often imitation comes through less worthy causes, namely, the adventurous spirit of infancy, which seeks as much delight in forecast as old age does in retrospect, so that the infant makes a point of living his seventy years in fancy at once, by way of prepara- tlon to his living them in fact. Behold the child," says Wordsworth, "and his newborn blisses, a six- years darling of a pigmy size; see where, 'mid work of his own hand he lies, fretted with sallies of bis mothers kisses with light upon him from his father's eyes! See at his feet some little plan or chart, some fragment of his dream of human life, shaped by him- self with newly-learned art; a wedding or a festival, a mourning or a funeral! And this hath now his heart, and unto this he frames bis song; then will he fit his tongue to dialogs of business, love, or strife; but it will not be long ere this be thrown aside and with new joy and pride the little actor cons another part, filling from time to time the humorous stage, with all the persons, down to palsied age, that life brings with her in her equipage, as if his whole vacation were endless imitation." In gregarious sports of skill or strength," says Thomas Carlyle, the boy trains himself to co- operation, for war or peace, governor or as governed; the little maid, again, provident of her domestic des- tiny, takes with preverence to dolls." And chiefly we must remember Dickens,—above all men the lover of the imperfect, children and lunatics and simpletons,— when he describes Sam Weller's eon Tony. "That ere Tony, says bis grandfather, is the blessedest boy as ever I see in all my days! Of all the charminest infants as ever I heerd bellow, including them as was kivered over by the robin redbreasts arter they'd com- mitted 6ooicide with blackberries, there never wos any like that 'ere little Tony. He's always playin with a quart pot, that boy is To see him a sittin down on the door step pretendin' to drink out of it, and fetchin' a long breath arterwards, and smokin' a bit of firewood and sayin'' Now I'm granfather.' He wouldn't take a pint pot if you wos to make him a present on it, but be gets his quart, and then he says,'Now I'm gran- fathej.' I certify that this is by no means overdrawn, and that such childish efforts at imitating parents have the greatest effect in seconding and exaggerating those qualities which are really due to heredity. But apart from this we find in wrestlers and oarsmen more of the faculties transmitted than training can account for. Joseph Ewbank, Newcastle, wrestling champion 1847, with bis two eons, Noble, five times champion, and Joseph (a second-rate wrestler), Ivison and bis two Bona, John Tinian the wrestler, his brother and four sons, the four Tweddell brothers, and many other ex- amples point to the efficiency of heridity. Nor is it otherwise with oarsmen the eminent skiff-rower, John Hawks Clasper, besides having able brothers and an able cousin, had an eminent oarsman for father and two as uncles, besides other kinsmen who are fairly good, all being descended from his grandfather, a keel- man. And as in muscle so in mind. According to Francis Galton's calculations, given any eminent per- son, his father's chance of eminence is 1 to 6, his brother's 1 to 7, his eon's 1 to 4, bis grandfather's 1 to 25, his uncle's 1 to 40, bis nephew's 1 to 40, his grand- son's 1 to 29, his first cousin's 1 to 100. Owing to the force of circumstances in directing the pliant abilities of youth we must often find the inherited ability having its outlet another way. And we most also bear in mind that, often to perfect the individual, Nature robs the race. Genius is often childless, through its con- centration of powers. If we take Goethe, the one master-poet of many centuries whose scientific prepa- ration has been adequate, we find his father a stern pedantic truth-seeker, delighted to impart knowledge as to get it, and his mother a woman of such charm that she was looked upon as amply accountable for the magic of her son. Ncr has he forgotten his debts. I translate: My father gave my sturdy frame my earnest ways of living; My joyance from my mother came, and zeal for story-weaving. Since great-grandfather loved the girls, I'm troubled with the passion Great-grandmother liked silk and pearls, so I'm a man of fashion. The causes are so complex grown, that we cannot be sayintr What is there we can call his own, in any human being. Of Shakespeare's family we know too little; let us take Coleridge, as being a genius of almost equal magnitude. We find his son Hartley with the same gifts of imagi- nation as his father, and the same intemperate pro- clivities. His daughter Sara fitly edited his works for the most part; Judge Coleridge was his nephew; the Solicitor-General Coleridge his great-nephew, and four others have risen to eminence. Among the French, we may take PierreCorneille, the creator of the French drama, whose brother, Thomas, was eminent as a dra- matist, and whose nephew, Fontanelle, was a notorious man of science and man of society, possibly the father of D'Alembert, the great philosopher. I must men- tion Robert Bassett Browning, the distinguished painter, whose parentage is the most glorious of all men's, his mother being perhaps second among women, and hie father in the first forty of men. In science, we can take the Darwins, four of whom in the direct line have been Fellows of the Royal Society. The ingenious Brgsmus Darwin, author of the Botanic Gardens," himself springing from a lettered race," Robert Darwin, of Shrewsbury, physician; Charles Darwin, whose grave is in Westminster Abbey, and whose monument is the characteristic thought of the age; Francis Darwin, who has tested his father's theories ably on many lines. Many others of this family are distinguished. I mention the two Stephen- aons, the Herscbel family, and I mention the name of the greatest living Englishman, Herbert Spencer, whose father was the thorough, original, efficient lecturer at Derby, whose pupils tell me he accounts for his son. Take Francis Bacon, 'whose father, Sir Nicholas, Keeper of the Great Seal and Lord Chancellor, was very keen after science, and whose mother, Anne Cook, was a member of a most gifted family, and had great literary taste and was a fine classical scholar. His cousin was Robert Cecil, the eminent minister under Elizabeth and James; hie half-brother, Sir Nathaniel, was a splendid painter and an elder brother, Natha- niel, and an ailing brother, Anthony, showed pro- digious intelligence. His grandfather, Sir Anthony Cooke, and his four aunts are spoken of as uncommonly admirable people. I must also mention James and John Mill. Let uptake some statesmen. The dashing Disraeli was the son of a father eminent in literature, and very eminent in learning. Mirabeau's father was a soldier of extraordinary valour, and the author of L'ami des Hommes." His uncle, like his father, had a strong dash of genius; while his mothersup- plied him with what his father s family lacked, his splendid self-popularising faculties, his familiarity, which was one of the chief instruments of .his power. So we might proceed through page after page, finding heredity efficient in nearly all cases wo take up, but of course obliged now and then to say with the bu. mility of imperfect knowledge: Here is a cas? which we cannot see through let us not dogmatize about it, but look at it a little longer. Such a case is that of Sir Isaac Newton, whose ancestry and posterity saetn to be quite unworthy of him." However, the two Huttons, one a great mathematician, the other a very great geologist, were his fourth cousins, so that even. in this case, we have some sign of heridity. I always think Shelley is another instance of this his ancestors do not seem good enough for him. So these and countless other instances make u? perceive that hereditv is operative not only on plants and prizi cattle, but also on man, in feature, in build, and other obvious matters, and also in secret and subtle matters of organi- zation,—of muscle, nerve, brair. Possibly some may ^as *n been thoroughly known f ""Icenturies since Plato, who, in his republic, took the most drastic measures for providing his ideal Citizens with sound parents." I reply, Look at history." In the Middle Ages (to say nothing of ancient history, where blunders are proverbially evi- dent in such matters) we find the magnificent spectacle of a great spiritual power arisan, uniting the whole of Western Europe. The officers of this great Church were to be found in every village in every one of these countries. They were mediators between man ind nature, mediators between man and man, conductors of all the education in the countries, educators in literature and science and art, trainers of character, laden with endless rewards and punishments; the trainers of youth, the counsellors of manhood, and the consolers of age, solving for all the problems of life, the problem of death. Such officers were carefully picked out from the flower of all classes. But they were for- bidden to marry. So that humanity had this dreadful hindrance, from which, I believe, it has never recovared, that while ordinary and low-class men were allowed to bequeath their characteristics to posterity, the finest natures were expressly told off to celibacy. Nor is this the only bad blunder which the glorious Catholic Church has made in the matter. Not content with condemning the finest natures to celibacy, she did her best to root out the daring intellects. The Church knew perfectly well that knowledge is secondary to conduct; so by centuries of labour she had based conduct on an elaborate theological system, which was, in fact, a sur- vey of the universe. But that system had to be made before the intellect was ripe for taking a survey of the universe, and in consequence, when the intellect grew able to see more and more of the laws of nature, a conflict with the imperfectly based theological system was inevitable, unless the Popes should have the ad- mirable judgment and almost superhuman skill to incorporate with the theologic system the results of science as they came along. These the Popes had not, and I think none of us dares to say we should have had had we been they. Here was their dilemma then Shall we let these freethinkers, by overthrowing the public doctrines, bring disorder into the public con- duct? or, shall we sacrifice a little intellect to save a great deal of character ? The answer could be but one; and the revolting intellects were stamped out so far as possible. Ultimately there was failure, but tempora- rily a success so great, that if martyrdom had not been an advertisement of the most powerful order, society might have ceased to advance. And yet, much as I sympathise with the persecuting church, it is a matter of deepest regret that the representatives of Truth were crushed by the representatives of Order for the best life, if founded on Fiction, is incomparably in- ferior to the best life founded on Truth. That the finer natures should be made barren was bad enough; it is an additional horror that the robust intellects should be eradicated. So much for mediaeval blunders on the heredity principles, which systematically im- poverished Europe. Everyone has heard of the Rev. Mr. Malthus, who declared that population tends to increase faster than the means of subsistence, and if not checked preventively by prudence, will be checked curatively by disease and starvation. What is the consequence of preaching this perfectly true doctrine? Only the prudent heed it, and pass their prudence on to few children. The imprudent do not heed it, and pass their imprudence on to many. So that here the laws of nature are against humanity, and the more the few try to mend matters, the more the many will con- firm destitution. Thus, in all probability the Malthu- sian crusade is a mistake, and Malthus' disciples must try some other plan. I might mention other social matters which show that this heredity principle is not enough taken to heart. I will, however, mention only one. Wealth, which brings ease, brings lack of exercise, and therefore decay of powers. Hence our upper and upper-middle classes are degenerating. Our lower working class, on the other hand, has scarcely begun to rise. The upper working class and lower middle class are in physical, mental, and moral qualities the classes which we most wish to see multiplied. Yet these are the very classes which contract late marriages and pro- duce few children while the degenerate upper classes and the unregenerate lower working class own to no restriction in the matter. Hence our national improve- ment from generation to generation is unduly small. As the ordinary citizen thinks the foregoing thoughts, what will he feel inclined to do ? I think the sense of private responsibility will be much deepened in him. For he sees that every trick that he plays with his own constitution or that his wife plays with hers may be pernicious even unto the end of the world that every look, every word, every deed, every tone not only affects those of the present day with whom he comes in contact, but, through them, may reverberate through the unbounded sphere of the future; that therefore all sanity in feeling, in intellect, in will, in body, is to be diligently sought and zealously retained. In the fore- going leoture I have noticed first the political then the biological aspect of inheritance. I summarised the outcome of the Free-will controversy, and gave an out- line of the caste system as it is traced amongst the Jews, the Egyptians, and the English. I showed the gradual nature of the supplanting of hereditary trans- mission by the plan of open careers, not forgetting to show up some defects of the latter. Then I told how in plants and animals heredity had stood the mercan- tile test for centuries; I mentioned variation, and imputed it to change in environment, and drew par- ticular attention to emigrants and domesticated animals. I spoke of inherited diseases, and warned you that induced diseases could be transmitted, as in the case of epileptic guinea-pigs, though some kinds of mutilation, such as the clipping of lambs' tails, were not trans- mitted, though the operation had been done for centu- ries. I gave two instances of malformations descending from generation to generation, and then passed on to mental inheritance. I warned yoa against imputing too little to education, though the cases of foundlings like the great philosopher, D'Alembert, show what heredity alone can do. Having expounded atavism, I went into the family connexions of many noted litti- rateurs, scientists, and politicians; which bore out what we had observed in oarsmen and wrestlers Lastly, I drew attention to some terrible warnings which history had given us, lest we, like our forerun- ners and contemporaries, should think too liohtlv the facts of Inheritance. ot
[No title]
SIR STAFFORD NORTHCOTE.—It is the intention of the Opposition in the House of Commons to take an early onnortunitv of testifying to Sir S. Northcote their high sense of his services as leader in the Lower House, and th pir unabated confidence in him.. At a meeting of the Leeds Musical Festival Committee on Monday afternoon, a letter was read from the Duke and Duehess of Albany, announcing their intention to attend the Festival in October, when his Koyal Highness op ORB REDUCTION.—A new method of reducing ores has been proposed by Mr. L. xor of Portsmouth, Ohio, by which the usual method ol feeding furnaces with fuel is abandoned, a mixture of gas and air being introduced at the tuyere level of tbe furnace instead. The gas to be employed may be generated by any of the present designs of gas pro- ducers (provided natural gas is not available), and is forced into the furnace through the tuyeres at any de- sired pressure, together with a suitable proportion of air. The mixture of gas and air may be heated before entering the furnace by passing through stoves de- signed for that purpose, thus ensuring more perfect combustion near the point of admission. By the regu- lation of the volume of either gas or air admitted, any degree of heat may be obtained to suit the requirements of any special material operated upon. This method of feedmg furnaces is according to the inventor, spe- cially advantageous to the manufacture of Die-iron but at the same time may be applied in reducing any metals to the fluid state at a great reduction in the amount of fuel used and a considerable increase in production. The work of the furnace, moreover it is said, can be much better governed thin it is at present. The inventor also intimates that it may be possible to apply the method to tbe production of steel, but in regard to this point he advances no definite opinion, but states that a ton of iron can be made with less than óOOlb, of coal, which is naturally a great redaction when compared with the amount used at the present time. In the event of natural gas being available, the cost of fuel would be etill leep. The superior quality of the iron which may be turned out by this process is another point to which the inventor directs attention, stating, at the same time, that any of the present fur- naces may be changed to work in this way at a very small co6t.—imf.
I | SWANSEA POLICE COURT.
I SWANSEA POLICE COURT. SATURDAY. [Before J. T. Jenkin, M. B. Williams, J. G. Hall, J, Glasbrook, and J. Paddon, M.B., Esqrs.] KEEPING DOGS WITHOUT A LICENSE.—John Feuke, of Sketty, was summoned for having two dogs in his possession without a license. P.C. Smith said that he saw the dogs there for a long time. Fined 5s. and costs. —Thomas Rosser, mason. charged with a similar offence. on the 5th March, was also ordered to pay 14s.. including costs.—John Davey Morton, master mariner, was charged with a similar offence. P.C. Smith proved the case and a fine of 5s. and costs was inflicted. TAKING UNCLEAN SALMON.—Lewis Rees and John Williams, of Loughor, were summoned for having, whilst out of season, an unclean salmon in their possession on the 10th of March. One of the water bailiffs, named David Harris, proved that he 3aw the defendants on the bank of the Loughor river on the d:.y in question. They were searching the river. He watched them. and saw one of them crossing with a s.tlmon. He saw the parties afterwards, and on taking hold of defendant Rees he found a piece of salmon concealed on his person. The salmon was quite fresh, and had just been divided amongst the defendants and another man. la Hleir defence, defendants stated they were on the bank* gathering sticks, and found a dead salmon there which they divided between them.—The Bench considered the case proved, and fined the parties ¡n the sum of 12< 5d. each. STEALING COAL.-Thomas Thomas tinpfote worker of Gorseinon, was charged with stealing, on the 10 h March, a quantity of coal, of the value of h. the property of Mr. D. H. Jones, the receiver on he'ti-'lf the trustees of the late Mr. Sterry. Mr. Lawrence of the firm of Smith and Lawrence, was for the Dro«PP„H™ and Mr. Randall, of Llanelly, defended. John Howe'I*' C.E., in the employ of Mr. Jones, said I recollect th. 19th of March. There were several trucks of coal in the siding at Llandilo-Talybont belonging to the estate I went up by train to Gorseinon that morning. J saw'th? loaded trucks in the si-.ling. I noticed a quantitv of -o' I missing from the corner. I saw that the coal had he°n disturbed, at d I saw marks from defendant's house im to the buffer of the truck?. It was a man's footmark with seven.l mils in the boots. It left a snow mark in the buffer. I traced the same footmarks back to the door, and there saw dribblets of cxd ia the snow nn <-n the house door of defendant s from the trucks, about twenty yards. I pointed out these marks to his wife and to Robert Francis. I saw some coal on the tirp i snoke to her. I'll swear that it was ou.r coal wa3 on th-> fire. And I saw more in the coal-house. It Was coal. I afterwards saw the defendant by the Gorseinon station. Til swear it was our coal. I said to him in Harris's presence—" 1 ou have taken coal again -.ml h said he had only taken a little that morning to ii^T fire as it was cold. I mentioned the dav I had nm«H coal. He asked me to overlook it this time ? would not do so again. I should think the coil' ht would be worth a shilling. Cross-examined The t- v was nearly opposite defendant's house. I 'do, that the coal is knocked over into the parish road shunting of the trucks. There are some hour's I?e defendant's. I did not measure the footmark Th workmen of the Gorseinon Works do not nn, the trucks were. They pass a little lowlr^"own whole fire was our coal. The wife admitted r x be ours. Robert Francis and William Wa^-C° corroborative evidence.—Mr. Randall then id !ga,ve Bench, and submitted there was no case ma'dpon*!8 • his client, and that the footprints seen were tViagainSf persons passing along that way. Having call^ l of to this effect, the Bench considered that the cVf1 ,nce was the person who did steal the coal but thnn tbe justice of the case wonld be met by inflictin fi Defendant was then ordered to pay 30s. including or one month's imprisonment. ° costs, ASSAULT ox THE MUMBLES TRAMWAY. -CRO<^ MONSES-—Alexander Macpherson, one of'the JJ JI~ the Mumbles Railway, was summoned by D-n-n • a boiler-maker, for assaulting him in ■L>aYles, on the night of Sunday, the 25th March. T'6 CArm=e cross-summons in the case, in which Macuhpr uere,was a Davies and a young rum, named Tuck fill 1°" rSe<l assault at the sirae time. Mr. Lawrencp Wltl1 an the Railway Company. Davies's case wa^/?611 for His face had several plaisters on it, the resnlf- .hear(1- of the row. He deposed that on Sunday n 'v,1' 1S sait1, returning from the Mumbles. He »ot inf \.5le Was when Macpherson, the guard, took hold of h' traiQj him several times in the mouth, and kiM-?tru the ground. He was pulled inside the carria^ n °n mained there until his arrival at Swansea He ha re ticket in his pocket. Cross examined by Mr" T 6 a Went to the Mumbles t-j see the Lifeboat.* Di,]iWlfu°e' to provoke nor used any insulting language to th f Without any provocation he was struck in th* ftgU kicked in the eye. His face was covered with°bl Did not curse and swear at the conductors. H quite sober. A young man, named Charles Rand^ who was in the train at tbe time, said there were th men in the train drunk. Davies jumped in at Nnvf66 Road. Defendant told him he should not come in th and shoved him out of the carriage. Defendant "ot u e. again whilst the train was in motion. Defendant then struck Davies with bis fist in the face and kicked him in the eye. Tuckfield, who was present, on seeing this said, Why don't you strike the guard ? If you don't I will." Tuckfield then struck Macpherson. Croos-ex- amined I was sitting down inside the carriage I'll swear that Davies was cjuite civil. I mean to say that he was struck wIthout giving any provocation. He never saw the man Davies before that day. John Tuckfield, the other defendant in the case, was then called and swore that when Davies entered the carriage and opened the door, he saw the guard trying to) pull him back, when Davies said that he had a ticket. Macpherson upon this said he should not come thereat all and up with his fist and struck him. Davies said "hold hard" when the guard said, "Take that you and struck him and kicked him. On seeing this, witness took Davies by the shoulder and brought him in. He told the "uard 1 ought to be ashamed of himself, and gave him a sma t in the mouth. On reaching Swansea, he was taken in charge. Cross-examined: I have been up and fined three times for beiug drunk and disorderly. I Was not drunk that night. The smack I gave the guard was not a severe one the mark on his face was there before. I was quite sober. I did not give a wrong name. There was no provocation given by Davies. It was all a brutal assault by the guard.—Mr. Lawrence then addressed th* bench. He had no idea there would have been a cross- summons. If any (JeIay had occurred in issuing the summons against the defendants, it was his (Mr. Lawrence's) fault and-not the Company's, and thus Davies had the start of them. Mr. Lawrence then stated that Macpherson had been in the employ of theConinanv since they had started, and never had a stain on his character. He, therefore, asked the Bench not to believe the story that bad been told against binu It was simnlv a trumped up one, and_ most improbable in all its details Since the Sunday Closing Act, the guards had had to put up with a great deal of insolence from drunken pas- sengers returning from the Mumbles. This was another case of rowdyism, and the defendant did no more tha his duty, as he was only defending himself. ArD Lawrence then called the guard, Macpherson, who said that he had a crowded train. He went into the carr a and requested Davies to move outside. He did not do 'a°,i struck at him. He appeared to be in drink Wh°a-u got hold of him he up fist and struck him in th Gn He would swear Davies was the man who 8tl'uck i?e. He struck him a blow back, but did not kick him T tbe Bench Davies got tbe blow on the eye bv fun;^ the steps of the carriage. Tuckfield struck him W11 ° Lilliput and St. Helen's Road. Charles Howells unli guard, said that he saw Davies when Macpherson wanted to get into the carriage. Davies was pushed aside and asked Who are you shoving?" and with that he strict the guard in the eye, and he saw blood streaming frm» his eye. He did not see the guard kick Davies David Moss, another official, swore that he saw Macpherson strike the guard, and that there was no provocaM«« given to him. Tuckfield struck the second blow St. Helen's. Tuckfield and Davies were under the in fluence of drink. Henry Davies gave corroborative teZ timony. At the close of the evidence, the Bench retired and on their return, Mr. Jenkin said that they considered it was most desirable, as there several passengers in the carriage at the time, they should have some reliable and independent testimony. With that view, they would adjourn the case for a week. Case adjourned accordingly. INEBRIATES.—Owen Williams, for being drunk at the Mumbles, was ordered to pay 10s.—-William Pugsley an old offender, was fined £3 for being very drunk and refusing to go out of tbe Gower Road Inn. LICENSE OFFENCE.—Margaret Davies, of Gower-road was summoned for allowing a quantity of beer to be drank and consumed by the purchaser thereof in the presence of the defendant, and with her consent at lHegal hours. P.C. 75 said he saw three persons come out of the bouse with a bottle, and drink its contents fended theoffi at}^wer to Mr- ^wrence. who de- "hether"w>s "eame MONDAY. IB&Telf'S„mafS"ur,T„fT' Thorn- | Esqrs]. John Cady' aBj T- Cook Davies, ASSAULT.—A Seaman, named James charged with assaulting P.O. Barnett and P C Frkn^bf whilst in the execution of their duty; and Jeremiah Shingleton, an army reserve man. was charged with reo sisting the constable. Mr. Glascodine defended Singleton From the evidence of P.C. Barnett, it appeared that the defendant Hyland was very drunk and disorderly near the Black Cock, in High-street, on Saturday afternooD Refusing to go home quietly the officer took him into custody, when he became more violent and struck and kicked the officer. P.C. Francis went to the Assistance of his brother officer, and he, too, was assaulted. A large crowd of persons was collected, and there was quite an uproar in the street. The defendant Singleton interfered, catching hold of P.C. Barnett by the arm and told him to let the prisoner go or he would have his coat off. He took the officer's number. The Bench fined Hyland 40s. and costs, or a month's imprisonment, the case against Singleton was adjourned for a week. ALLEGED THEFTS.—Patrick Collins, of Oak-terrace, labourer, was charged with stealing a hat, value 2s, 6d., I from Elizabeth Williams, in Dyvatty-street. Remanded until Thursday.—Martha Griffiths, a single woman of No. 62, New Oxford-street, was charged with stealing a pheasant feather, a pair of bracelets, and a pair of gloves, from a bedroom at No. 1, Gore-terrace, value lis. 6d., the property of W. Westlake. The prisoner had been engaged as a domestic servant, but the prose- cutor taking a lenient view, declined to prosecute, and the prisoner was discharged. TIPPLING.—Thomas Westacott, of Brynmelyn-street, labourer, was charged by P.O. 21 with being drunk and disorderly in High-street, and was fined 5s. and costs — John Gorman, of Greenhill, a puddler, charged with being drunk and disorderly on the Strand, was dis- charged, he having beeD locked up since Saturday. There were several cases of assault, &c., but as the par- ties did not appear the cases were struck out, whilst other cases were settled out of court. THF. CIRCUS —APPLICATION FOR DRAMATIC LICENSE. "William Green applied to the Bench this morning for a dramatic license for the Alexandria Pavilion, better known as the Circus, Alexandra-road. The building, which is one of iron with canvass roof, has lately been used as a circus by Mr. Tayleur, of Cardiff, and the pre- sent application was opposed by Mr Melville, lessee of the St ir Theatre Wind-street, and the Theatre Royal, Temple-street. In reply to a question put by the Clerk, the applicant 3aid he was quite ready to give an under- taking that no dramatic performance should take place in the building for which he was now applying. Mr. Melville said his objection was that there were a sufficient number of places already licensed for theatrical performances for a town of the size of Swansea He believed the building for which the present license was sought had been purchased for about £ 100, wherelsTt had cost him (Mr. Melville) nearly £ 2,000 to make a new entrance to his theatre in W ind-street. Mr. Melville added that he had no objection whatever to offer to a circus, but the kind of entertainment now given in the pavilion was not wanted.—The Stipendiary: What is the entertainment ?-Mr Green: Singing and dancing, and performing dogs.-The Stipendiary: No acting ?-Mr. Green: No; we don't want that.-The Stipendiary But this is an application for a dramatic Hceace.-The Magistrates" Clerk: He can t apply for a music licence until September, The Bench then had a consultation, after which the Stipendiary said they were sorrv not to be able to meet the wishes of Mr Green, and the other respectable gentlemen. After consideration they thought it would not be consistent with tbeir duty to give a licence for dramatic entertainments to be held in such a cheap and temporary structure as this Mr Melville gave dramatic entertainments continuously throughout the year, and regulated them with great care. He had brought down companies of great merit from the Metropolis, and those enter- tainments were very much esteemed, and valued, and patronised and he thought he would not be right, as far as his own opinion was concerned—and his brother magistrates were substantially of the same opinion-to allow any competition to take place unless capital was laid out and invested on a similar place to Mr. Melville's —Mr. Green Mr. Melville commenced in the same kind of way.—The Stipendiary: That was in the earlier days of Swansea.—Mr. Green mentioned that he and his partners had taken the land for six months from the corporation.—The Stipendiary said the only thing the [ bench could do was to give a license for dramatic entertainments, and if they did that they would at the same time ask the applicants to undertake that they would not carry on any dramatic entertainment. There was an incongruity in this, and he for one could not lay himself open to such a charge of inconsistency. TUESDAY. [Before Thomas Phillips, Esq.] ^TFUTVG M VTCHES.—Thomas William John Olden, of Jersey street, and H.nrj; Smith »d Willijm John Renoden were charged with stealing about 200 dozen boxes of matches from a waggon on the Great Western goods' shed, Hafod, sometime between the 26th of February and the 20th March, value 40s., the property of the Great Western Railway Company. The police, in order to secure a conviction against the most guilty, had withdrawn the charge against Renoden, who, on being placed in the witness box, deposed that he and the prisoners had on several occasions entered the goods shed and had stolen the matches, which they had after- wards sold in various pirts of the town. The boys were remanded in custody a¡;til Thursday. TIPPLING —Sarah Jones, for being drunk and disorderly, in Hi"h-street, was sent to prison for fourteen days with hard "labour.—Margaret Rogers, for being drunk and disorderly, in Jockey-street, was remanded until Thursday. SCHOOL CASES.—The summonses against some ten or twelve persons for neglecting to send their children to school were reminded until Thursday in consequence of the want of a second magistrate. WEDNESDAY. [Before J. Trev. Jenkin and J. G. Hall, Esqrs.] FELONY.—James Outrin, fireman of the s.s. Gainford, was charged with stealing an opera glass, value £ 1 3s. 4d. from on board the vessel, the property of John Brown. The complainant deposed that he was a seaman on board the s.s. Gainford, lying in the South Dock, Swansea, and the opera glass and case now produced were his property. He missed them from his bunk between four and five o'clock the previous evening. He also missed four sovereigns from his trousers pocket, which were lying undsrneath the opera glass. He saw the whole of his property safe in his bunk about three o'clock in the after- noon. The prisoner is a fireman on board the vessel. About half-past five in the afternoon he saw the pri- soner going in his bunk-a room where he had no right. He told him he had no right to be there and ordered him away. He went away cursing and swearing. He then examined his bunk and found that the opera glass and his four sovereigns bad been taken away. The prisoner was standing near the_ fore- castle and he told him what he had lost. The prisoner went ashore immediately. He (prosecutor) told Mr. Ward, the steward, and they then went together to the fireman's forecastle, where the opera glass was found in a bunk. He then gave inform ition to the police. The prisoner was leaving the ship and was going to London. —Mr. John William Ward, the steward, corroborated the evidence of the prosecutor, adding that on the pre- vious day the prisoner came to him and asked him if he wouia open a bunt which was opposite his own. He did »ndhe raw the prisoner put his hand round the corner of the bunk. When prisoner came out, he (witness) locked the door, and when the prosecutor com- plained he went into the bunk and found the opera glass.—Detective Gill, who apprehended the prisoner, sa.id that when t01d the charge, he said "I would not be so mean as to steal an opera glass." The prisoner was drunk.—The magistrates said they believed the prisoner had been mean enough to steal the opera glass and the four sovereigns, although the-money had not been traced, and they sentenced him to three mouths' hard labour. FAIRS FOR APRIL. Wickwar 6 Carmarthen 15 Pembroke 9 Speech House 17 Moreton-iu-Marsh 10 Llandovery 17 & 27 Ledbury 10 I Talgarth JS Aberdare 10 Cwm Amman 19 Narberth 11 Usk. 20 Canton (Cardiff) U Maendochog 20 Newport (Mon.) •• H Camden 23 Tewkesbury H Chepstow 24 Eglwyswrw 12 Iron Acton 25 Haverfordwest Dovestone 27 Cheltenham 1^ Town 29 Cross Inn 1^
--.----LONDON GAZETTE.
LONDON GAZETTE. (From Friday Night's Gazette.) BANKRUPTS.-Graham ManneM Sutton now or late 7, Finch-lane, London, stockbroker. William Gabbott, Spring Mill Walsden, Lancashire, manufacturer. Charles Boulthy, 9, St. Ann-street, and Barkers-yard, St. Ann-street, both Nottingham, furniture and general d ealer BANKET;PTCY ANNULLED.- Joseph Cook Rees, Neath, builder. Date of adjudication, August 10,1881. LIQUIDATIONS BY AKKANGEMENT. The Rer John Robert Kennedy Bell, Derbyshire Grammar School, Llansaintffraid Deythewr, Montgomeryshire, clenrk in holy orders and schoolmaster. John David Jones, Resolven, near Neath, Glamorgans ire, grocer and draper. John Davies, 8, High-street, Swansea outfitter. Thomas Amer late manager at a quarry and limeworks at Wick, near Bath, and now of ale and porter stores, 29, Thomas-street. Bristol, beer retailer James Vernon Lane, Newent, Gloucestershire, 8rocerand draper. William Lane, Kineton-in-Temple, Gmbng.Gloucester- shire, farmer. James Henry Wheeler, Anchor Brewery, Warwick-place, Cheltenham, common brewer and licensed victualler. (From Tuesday Night's Gazette.) BANKRUPTS -^George Maile, late Horace-villas, Sel- BANKRUPTS -^George Maile, late Horace-villas, Sel- huTs^NeTroad^ 1%?., and Bensham Manor-road, New Thornton Heath, all near Croydon, builder. FredenckStennnffWlth^m_ oroes, Herts, builder. H.ort?n-inn, Horton, near Wimborne Minster, Dorsetshire, innkeeper. William Draper, 27, Edwardes-street Balsall Heath, Worcestershire, commission agent John Ford Cotton End, Hardingtone, Northampto^1^ tailor and publican. Edward Bagguley, Newcastle- under-Lyme, baker and gr<>cer. George Elliot Queen- street, New Scarborough, WombweU, near Barnsley, blLidQuii)ATiONs BY ARRANGEHKNT.-John Hickman, 35, romrn?n«rpan^ r"1 mmes Montgomeryshire, innkeeper, Cemmes, Mo. rg Wdl^er; <a quarry ma • BenS0n and Co., wine andsS7itn8ea- fB Edmund Williams, late of Com- ssjssLsasa £ Srri £ ".»rw«tKde ifiistiMon Liverpool, Cefn Merthjr Colliery, Aberdare, and residing at Merton-road, Bootle Lanca- shire, colliery nroprietor, coal merchant, and master stevedore afso formerly of 110, Cannon-street, London, and the For'e Pit Nantyglo, Monmouthshire Mary Jenkins, Masons' Arms, Thomas-street, Llanelly, Car- marthenshire, widow and puhhean.
[No title]
BRAWLING IN I CHCBCH.-A disgraceful scene took Place in St. Matthew's Church Sheffield on Monday morning owinir to the vicar (the Kev. i O Ommahey) persisting in Ritualistic practices against the wishes of of •hom areLow Churdh. The viclr has recently had an acolyte to assist him in celebrating the communion, and Monday, as this person was handing a water bottle to Mr. O aney to wash out the chalice, Mr. Wynn, the PeoPle V""Jen..8<^ed the acolyte, and a struggle ensuesd, which ended in the bottle being upset. Mr. Ommaney ^wards went into the vestry and was followed by Mr. Wynn, and the two struggled together. The vicar was pressed against the wall, and he at length called for help and was assisted by several members of the congregation Mr Wynn being ejected from the vestry. Mr. Ommaney has given instructions for proceedings to be taken against Mr. ^yHEBOAfriHHiTAT?ON.Soreness and dryness, tickling and irritetion^ inducing cough and ^Si^cfwith tTe aciiwfj healing. Sold only in boxes 7*d., tms ls. lid., labelled JAMES EPPS 4 Co TTOMcpopathic Chemists, London. A letter received: Gentlemen,—It may, perhaps, interest you to know that, after an extended trial, fkave Jujubes of considerable benefit (with or without medical treat- ment) in almost all forms of throat disease. They soften and clear the voice.—Tours faithfully, GORDO^ HOLMES, M.D., Oento f bysicianto the Municipal Thwftt ana Ear Infirmary,
| SWANSEA SCHOOL BOARD.
SWANSEA SCHOOL BOARD. A meeting of the School Board of the F ui ted School District of Swansea, was held at the Guildhall on Wed- nesday afternoon, when there were preseut:—Messrs. W. F. Richards (Chairman), J. C. Manning. Rev. M. Morgan, Edward Roberts, William Morgan, Ph.D., R. Martin, Rev. A. J. Parry (Vice-Chairman), Rev, W. P. Williams, A. Francis, Rev. Canon Richards, R. T. Reed, G. G. Sutherland, and the Rev. J. T. Bowen. SCHOOLS MANAGEMENT. Mr. Edward Roberts moved the adoption of the minutes of the Schools Management Committee, which contained little of public importance. It was reported that Mr. Matt. T. Jones and Mr. E. W. Cook had resigned the managership of Back-street School. Thereupon it was recommended that the whole of the managerial body of that school be removed, with the thanks of the Board for their services. It was also recommended that the body of managers of the Trinity-place Board School be transferred to the Back-street School. It was also recom- mended to appoint an assistant teacher at the St. Helen's Board School. He formally moved the adoptioa of the report. Dr. Morgan seconded, and it was carried. SCHOOLS BUILDING. Mr. R. Martin brought up the report of the Schools Buildings Committee, who said the committee recom- mended the payment of the whole of the purchase money of the gardens in Croft-street adjoiuing the Dy fatty Schdpls, the extension of the drains of Danvgraig School, the payment of half the cost of a kindergarten gallery at the Ynistawe Board School, aud the purchase of addi- tional property for extending the St. Helen's Board School. It had been considered whether it was better to enlarge the present school or build elsewhere in the neighbourhood. The committee had taken into consider- ation that the present proposed addition would equalise the St. Helen's School, and this, coupled with the facts that all the schools in that district are over-crowded, and that large schools worked more advantageously than small, had decided to recommend the present exttusion. This was carried. THE TRUANT SCHOOL. This committee recommended the granting of licences to several boys to reside out of the school, and the accept- ance of teuders for the supply of food to the school. The Chairman, in moving the adoption, said it was a source of gratification to find ihat the Truant School was doing its work uncommonly well. He had heard from more than one source that the boys who had passed through the restraints of this schoo! were now amongst the most regular attendants at the schools to which they were relegated. (Hear.) Canon Richards, in seconding, corroborated what the chairman had said, but he pointed out that, though he was the chairman of the Tiuaut School committee, aud had taken a great deal of trouble in the establishment of the institution, yet the several hoys in the schools under his charge, boys who were guilty of unmitigated truancy, had not been dealt with, and by reason of this exemption from the Truant School interference, a reaction had set- in, and the children had lost all fear of it. He might now just as well speak to them of Hades, or Mesopo- tamia, or Bagdad as of the Truant School for all the effect it bad upon them. He had not expected that hit schools would have had more than their fair proportion of attention from the Truant School authorities, but it had had less. Mr. Reed said the voluntary schools were in a better position, inasmuch as they had the power of refusing certain unwelcome children, whereas the Board schools had to deal with the Arab and the rough, and that, of course, affected the Government grant. Canon Richards said he might inform Mr. Reed, who was rather new to these matters, that voluntary schools were on exactly the same basis as Board Schools, with regard to refusals. Theywen; all "public elementary schools," and no child could be refused except for a specified "reasonable cause." The Rev. Mr. Pairy asked what Canon Ricliards's complaint was, and what he suggested as a remedy. Mr. Martin had also heard it suggested that the Truant School had not the same deterient influence now as when it was in course of building. Mr. E. Roberts, on the other hand, said he was assured by three out of the five attendance officers that the good effects of the Truant School were apparent in the fact that they had not now so many truants on their books as formerly. He thought it would be found that Canon Ricliards's truants had had a fair proportion of attention. As to the tenders for the supply of food to the Truant Schools, it was notified that Mr. Thomas Phillips, whose tender they had accepted for the supply of flour and oatmeal, had refused to fulfil the contract, because it would not pay to send a sack of flour or meal all that distance at the price he had named. When he tendered, he had tendered for the groceries as a whole. Mr. Reed I think it is very selfish for a tradesman to send in a tender, and then not stick to it. If I had lost bv it I would have stuck to it, and would not have had my name singled out in that way. Mr. Roberts explained that it would not pay to send a sack of flour all that way at the price tendered, and that Mr. Phillips had tendered for the whole contract. The Chairman, referring t@ the Truant School, said there was one parent who had paid no less than JSH in fines for the non-attendance at school of his children, 1 and now since the establishment of the Truant Sohool they attended regularly. FINANCE. This committee recommended the usual routine pay- ments. Mr. Sutherland raised the question of the payment of JE60 a year to the Head Constable for the serving of sum- monses, and asked for an explanation. Was tha,t calcu- lated on the basis of the work done ? The Chairman explained that it was the result of an arrangement, which bad proved advantageous to the Board, because if they paid per case the cost would be nearly double. The Clerk said the money was handed over by the Head-constable to the Police Superannuation fund. A short discussion then arose as to the payment of certain sums for advertising for tenders. Dr. Morgan expressed the opinion that tbe cost of the advertising for tenders much more than swallowed up the whole benefit the board received by the system of tendering for goods. Mr. Reed spoke against these constant small expenses, on the principle that many rivulets make the river. The report was adopted, and, after transacting the formal business of the school attendance committee, the meeting broke up.
THE COLLEGE FOR SOUTH WALES…
THE COLLEGE FOR SOUTH WALES f AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. We have been requested to give insertion to the sub- joined letter, addressed to the Mayor of Cardiff, by Professor Jayce, the Principal of St. David's Coliege, Lampeter| To the Worshipful the Mayor of Cardiff. St. David's College, Lampeter, April 2, 1883. Dear Mr. Mayor,—In a circular letter headed Re University College for South Wales and Monmouthire," you inform me that my name has received the honour of being added to the Executive Committee. As you are aware, I previously served upon the Scheme Committee, and the little help that I could give was most cordially giveu. I shall be equally glad to accept the present invitation, but before doing so I feel that I ought in justice to St. David's College, and in honesty towards those whom you represent, to make a few comments upon your circular, and frankly to explain our own position in reference to the new Welsh University Colleges, And, in the first place, I must enter a friendly protest against the title "University College for South Wales and Monmouthshire." I am aware that the Cardiff Committee does not use it without strong authority. Its employment is no mere act of usurpation. But, never- theless it must be considered misleading and inconvenient in reference to future Welsh Collegiate possibilities. Hitherto our University Colleges, and even our Uni- versities have, as a rule, contented themselves with narrower claims. The Scotch Universities, the Queen's Colleges of Ireland, the English University Colleges of Manchester, Bristol, Sheffield, and Nottingham, even the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin are less imperial in their titles, nor do they seem to have suffered in consequence. It is true that our neighbour at Aberystwith has been hitherto known as the Uni- versity College of (all) Wales," but the name does not seem to have contributed largely to its welfare. There is also a Yorkshire College, but, if I am not mistaken it is the Yorkshire College of Leeds." But, besides being unusual, the title that I am criticising is also inconvenient. It appears to close the door against tbe possibility of collegiate development in Swansea or some other large Welsh town. We all admire tbe energy with which Cardiff fought its late battle. We would heartily congratulate the public- spirited town on its well-won success. We canuot but admire the skill and vigour with which it is pushing forward its arrangements but we cannot think that the cause of Swansea has fallen completely to the ground. Had the Welsh Education Committee adopted the principle of collegiate centralisation and consolidation the case might have been otherwise. But upon the principle of distribution it is hard to see how Swansea can with justice be left in the cold. Its claims, if perhaps slightly inferior to those of Cardiff, are incomparably greater to those of any other Welsh town. No arbitra- tion award can take from Swansea its large population, and its varied scientific industries. Thedemand and the opportunities still remain, and the evening lectures and classes of Cardiff-one of the most important parts of the work of a modern University College—can be of little more use to Swansea than those of Bristol have been to Cardiff. Something may, perhaps, be done, and tbe victor certainly shows every disposition to befriend the vanquished. But lecturers sent from Cardiff can hardly do more than has been done by the Cambridge University Extension movement. Home residing students, evening classes, and utilisation of the Swansea manufacturing advantages seem through distance un- manageable. Hence, I venture to think, the importance of leaving an opening for a future South Wales University College of Swansaa. But the claim of the Cardiff College to universal dominion in South Wales aud Monmouthshire is also, in our judgment, misleading and unfair to St. David's College. We are more than willing to co- operate we cannot eonsent to be ignored; and I am bound to say that the circular letter I have received does, both in its headlong and its contents, quietly but effectually ignore our position as the senior University College of Wales. According to Bishop Tbirlwall, no mean authority, we are a quasi-University." At all events we claim to rank with those useful institutions which in our great provincial towns are trying, not unsuccessfully, to carry on the work of higher education. Some uninstructed but well-meaning persons have occasionally maintained that Lampeter is a I "Theological College." We should not be asham«g of the title if it properly belonged to us. The theological colleges, not ouly of the Church (1.( England but of other denominations, ire doing excelled aud much-needed work. All honour to them 'or their goorf service. But Lampeter is something lll04.tJ than a. theological College. True, we teach theology, but in how many universities has that Queen of the Sciences" beee dethroned? True, our students can graduate in theology, and so can the undergraduates of Oxford and Cambridge. According to Mr. Mitk Pattison, the Rector of Lincoln College (Academical Organisation, page 173), a university has in view, not the interests of science, but the in- terests of the community in transmitting the traditions of knowledge from the generation which is passing awc.f to the generation which is succeeding it." This definition; does not seem to exclude theology, and though the ministers of religion who lightly acquie-ce in the noa- recognition of the fundamental science in our moderr University systems may be accounted wise in their par- ticular generation. :t may be doubted whether tipe. ultimate verdict of the generation collectively will be as favourable. Saou'd a W elsh University be estab- lished, the representatives of St. David's College will, i«t the interests of Nonconformity as well as of Anglicauisoit use every lawful effort to secure the position of theology in the Uuiversity examinations. Again, it is true thai the large majority of our students take holy orders r but the statement would, if I am not mistaken, be hardly less true of the Universities of St. Andrew's an £ Durham, :.nd of some colleges at Oxford and Cambridge. Once more, we are primarily, though not exclusively, connecedwith the National Church of Englaud aad iT'i -f1*1 13 re5Pect our position is not without parallel, and it is surely not of the essence of a Uuiv rsity or a L 11-.versity College that it should be absolutely un- denominational. "e have no wish to find fault with other institutions 01 to accuse the State of eudowing, Agnosticism. "ê teuoilv allow that no other plan wats feasible. Lut we beheve that the exclusion of religious teaching is rather convenient for the prta nt distress" than ideal in itself. To pass, however, from argument t. fact. we have been recognised, not once or twice only, as at least & University College." We can produce three Royal Charters and parts of several Acts of Parliataeat. Wa enjoy tLe privilege of conferring a degree iOi Art aa well :■< in Divinity. We have beeo affiliated to the Universities of Oxford and Cam- bridge. In the Oui'.ial Year Book of the Church of England" we :'12 classed not with the Theologies# Colleges, but in a different section between tfce^ University of Durham and King's College. We have, also received recognition from the Lords Justices and from the Science and A:t Department. Even the Welsfr Education Commission proposed that we should tank wirh the new University Colleges as members of the possible Welsh L'civersity. Our visitor has offered ax authorit ttive welcome to Nonconformist students. Our system of edacation is, in the visitor's words, not dis- tinctively clerical or professional, but aims, at least, <"t;;t. comprehensiveness equal to ihat of the education offered by the Univeis'.tLs." If we are destined to extinction* our memhers do not at present suggest such a fate. we, then be blamed if our case being as strffiDg and clear as I have shown it to be, we decline to ignored as a place of general education, and, ou tbe contrary, maintain that we are the premier Ufii- versity College of Wales, including South Walea and Monmouthshire. We readily almit the ad- vantages enjoyed by a college established in a large town. Home-residence and evening ltctures are among those advantages, but they are couhned to the inhabitants of tfee town in quesi t on. P u ents and guardians who do not reside there will be often iuclined to think that something is to be; slid in favour of tuch a situation as that which St. David". College- enjoys, and many unbiassed persons wiil be fousdl to tell the hesitating student that if he goes to Cardiff tee will iudeed do well, but if he goes to L my ter he will £ 3 better. C In we be expected to quarrel with those who tdle this view of tha case, Can we be blam d if, while we tree Card ff much, we love St. David's College more? I have now, Mr. Mayor, made, once for all, a frank full confession of faith. If, after reading it, you. & your colleagues st 11 think me fit for service on the Executive Committee, I shall gladely accept the invitation witb which vou have honoured me. Cardi# and Lampeter must hereafter be to some extent rivak, but we may surely be honourable and friendly rivals. As this letter is of some little public importance, 1 shall esteem it a favour if you will kindly arrange with the reporters of the Western Mail and the South Daily News for its publication. I hope I am not wrasg i 1 thinking it better to offer it to the newspapers thros^h you. —I have the honour to remain, Mr. Mayor, yxrea obedient servent. FUANK J. JAYNE, Principle S. D. C.
. A MIXING SCHOOL FOR WALES.
A MIXING SCHOOL FOR WALES. The Mining Journal -ays: It would be useless t. tempt to deny the fact that ihe decision of the arbitra- tors, in reterence to the College for Sutb has given great disappointment and umbrage ta the whole of the most western counties of S mth Wa!«^ who believe their legitimate cliims have been ignored. Such being tbe case, it can scarcely be matter of fMP- prise that a determined effort is about beiug in-de till obtain a Royal School of Mines and Technical Educa- tion for South Waiee, to be located at Swansea, and to be altogether distinct and free from Government aid, Swansea has been called, not inappropriately. :.te. mining centre of the whole kingdom and on this point Sir Hu-s^y Vivian, in his speech before the arbitrators, cited some startling statistic?. After showing the con- venience of approach from the sou h-west of the Prin- cipality, Sir llussey Vivian contended that Swansea i* the seat of the most varied inetallurgic d indu trIes. and Cardiff is not. There is only one small copjiec works at Cardiff and one tin-plate works. Now, at Swansea, within a radius of four miles, there are works of various kinds. Swansea is the great seat of the copper trade, and has been from the time of Queen Elizabeth. There are about 21,000 tows of copper annually made at Swansea, worth about £1.631.00C:. there is one of the most scientific and largest steelwork in the kingdom at Swansea- (the S,emens patent) whicfe manufactures large quantities of steel-plates for boilere and ships. Within 12 miles of Swansea 4,800,00# boxes of tin-plales are yearly made, whilst within-t miles of the town there are 2,500,000 made of the v*!ue of about 20s. per box, or £2 500,000. The largest eilver worksin tbe kingdom immediately adjoin SIV",n- •ea, and there is a considerable production of 1 ntirely by scientific processes. There are the largest zincworksin England, and there are nickel and cobalt works and lead works, and there are altogether 1(1 various metallurgic and chemical industries carried 011 in the immediate neighbourhood ot the town. The total production of manofac:ured goods within four miles of the post-office of Swansea is no less tbao £ •5,528,250 a year. Again, Swansea exported last year 1.538,795 tons of coal and patent fuel, and the imports were 770,622 tons of ores and other goods, the receipts ef the harbour being £iû,69.J, 110 total receipts of the port boing £8.),000. Mr. Vivian farther pointed ollt to tbe arbitrators tuat tbe B)y:!1 Commission upoc Coal Mines (of which he was a member) reported tr.a.t in the eastern portion of the county of Q-lamorg*B; there were 12 963,2uO,OOO tons ofunworked coal, where- as in tbe western portion of the county there were 1 0 less than 19,278,272 tons of unworked coal, or 50 pec cent more in the western end of the coanty than the eastern end, so that tbe future growth of the Soutlr Wales coal exports will be in the western ports of Swansea, Neath, Britonferry, &3., rather than Newport or Cardiff in tha E i>t. These facts and figures of Sie Hussey Vivian, whilst they did not convince the arbi- trators that Swansea is the place for the South Wales College, have bad the effect of calling the attention of those engaged in the great metallurgy industries of the district to the imperative necessity of a School of Mines for South Wales, where proper scientific and technical education should be afforded to those who should hereafter take leading offices and departments in connection therewith. And fortunately a most favourable opportunity presents itself at the present juncture to carry this movement to a successful issue. The Royal Institution of S ;uth Wales, established at Swansea about half a century since for the purpose of promoting and advancing all branches of natural and applied science, have given notice of an application fcr a licence to the Board of Trade for power to form ac association to be registered with Limited Liability ( Aitbout, however, the word "Limited to its name), the object being to onlarge its sphere of operations and extend its usefulness. It is intended to amalgamate thf School of Mines and Technical Education with the Royal Institution, and thus by means of science daBS611 and fellowships secure for the great mining industries of South Wales so great a desideratum. Nor will means be wanting !o give this scheme practical effect A sum of about £ i 2,500 was promised by Swansea merchants and manufacturers for the College for South Wales, provided it was located at Swansea, and by far the larger proportion of this would be subscribed to- wards the School of Mines. Mr. Councillor Jdinee Jones has, indeed, set the laudable example, and has said that he would give his £1,000 which he promised to the College for Wales to the Royal School of Mince. Other gentlemen bave promised t) double their in- tended subscriptions in favour of the School ef Mines, and there is thus every prob ibility the scheme will be successful. The Royal Institution of South Walee le still in a most flourishing and vigorous condition, and it would prove a most admirable and appropriate parent stem upon which to engraft so useful a branch as a School for Mining and Technical Education for South Wales.
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The financial year closed on Saturday. The revenue for the twelvemo ith was j389,004,456, compared with je85,822,282 for 1882, showing an increase for the ye*r just ended of jM.182,174 The total is made up as follows :—Customs, £19,1:)57,000; Excise, £26930000- Stamps, £ 11,841,000 Land-tax, £ 1,045,000: House dutr" £ 1,755,000 Property and Income tax, £ 11 900 000- Post-office, MO OOO Telegraphs, £ 1,710,000 Crown lands, £ 3b0,0U0 ^Interest on advances, £ 1,218,845 • and Miscellaneous, £ 5,267,611. Compared with last years revenue, these items show the following incrftaapg Customs, £ 370,000 Stamps, £ 457,483 House duty, £ Z?,00CUJ'^er a,Ed Income tax, £ 1,955,600; Po»ft- ^,°,e>,i300 £ )0; TeleSraPh8> £ 80,000; Miscellaneous, £ 255,108. There is a decrease in Excise of £ 310,00^ and in Interest on advances of .£417. All the items for the past quarter show an increase, except Excise, whidk declined £178,000, as compared with the corresponding quarter of l»9t year,