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BUSINESS ADDRESSES. "v' -I" -JJ- -r, -V" "v"w' CORBET ARMS FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL, 1 Choice Wines and Spirits, Burton Ales and Dublin Stout, in bottles and on draught. Seaton's one-guinea Package, containing six bottles of Wine and Spirits, case and bottles included; quality warranted. Billiards, Splendidly-prepared Cricket Ground and IViwliiiK Creen Posting in all its branches—The neighbourhood affords all that tno Angler Health, Pleasure, and Scenery seeker can wish for. 1 he sea beach is unrivalled for beauty, extent, and safety. T. SEATON, Proprietor. "jC-=''=C,- -;=:=:=.=;=,=:cc-:=,=jC'=;2, CORBET ARMS HOT EL TOWYN, IERIONETHSHIRE. NEWELL'S MILLS, TOWYN, WELSH COAST. PURE AND WHOLESOME FLOUR, MADE FROM CHOICE ENGLISH AND COLONIAL WHEATS, SUPPLIED to Consumers direct and through Agents in sealed hags or sacks of various sizes, as below, at proportionate and uniform prices, which plan Evan. ^Newell has adopted, and feels sure will be found to possess very many useful qualities. Such as I-The seal is a protection and a guarantee of quality. 2. I he smaller b:igS are more portable. 3.—They are a great saving of time to Agents and Consumers by being easily and quickly handed from one to the other. 4.—Being ready weighed, they save the Agent the great loss of weighing out small quantities, and thus enable him to do away with the necessity of the usual extraordinary charge on the few shillings purchasers of Flour. 5.—The various sizes enable small and large families to suit their consumption, and huve the Flour alwavs fresh and good. 6.—It facilitates ready-money transactions. WEIGHTS OF BAGS. GROSS WEIGHT. ] NETT WEIGHT. CLASSIFICATION. Half- ] s Bushel Quarter. Quarter. Half. Sack. Lbs. Lbs. j Lbs. Lbs. Newell's Top Brand Four 35 70 II 140 280 Newell's Household Flour 35 70 140 280 —— i Ne well's Sheaf Flour — — J 140 280 GROSS WEIGHTS. SPECIALS: GROSS WEIGHTS. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Newell's Pastry Flour 50 100 Newell's Special Fancy Flour 50 Newell's Prepared Entire Wheat Flour 10 25 50 Newell's Choice Oatmeal 10 L 25 50 FEEDING STUFFS: GROSS WEIGHTS. Lbs. Lbs. Newell's Feeding Mixture 110 220 Newell's Prepared Horse Feed 100 200 Newell's Prepared Sheep Feed 100 200 Newell's Prepared Poultry Feed 50 100 Newell's Condiment for Calves 100 200 Indian Meal 120 240 Sharps 100 200 Bran 100 Indian Corn 240 Sole Agent for Aberystwyth and Cardiganshire— MR. JOHN JAMES, LONDON AND PROVINCIAL STORES, ABERYSTWYTH. Mr. Richard Newell will attend the following weekly Markets ABERYSTWYTH On MONDAYS. MACHYNLLETH „ WEDNESDAYS ABERDOVEY „ THURSDAYS. DOLGELLEY „ SATURDAYS. Orders for Goods, and Applications for Agencies, to be Addressed- MR. EV A NEWELL, Bodtalog Mills, Towyn, Welsh Coast. ELLIS AND OWEN, ABERYSTWYTH PLAIN AND ENAMEL SLATE AND MARBLE WORKS, 1% C4NUFACTURERS of Enamelled and Plain Slate Chimney Pieces, Baths, Cisterns, Milk Coolers, M Headstones, Urinals, Mangers, Cattle Troughs, Dairy, Larder, and Wine Cellar Shelves; Window Sills, Door Steps, Hearth Stones, Flooring, Skirtings, and every description of Plain and Enamelled Slate Work. CRESTS, &c., ENAMELLED ON KEYSTONES OF CHIMNEY PIECES. Designs of every description executed to order. An Artist sent to take Views when required. PnVf. for Plate Carving was awarded to this Firm, both at the Chester Exhibition (1866), and the Carmarthen Exhibition (1867), of the National Eisteddfod of Wales. F DEVIL'S BRIDGE HOTEL AND WATERFALLS. THE DEVIL'S BRIDGE HOTEL AND WATERFALLS, with the sur- jL rounding scenery, have been so well and completely set forth in guide books to Wales that no further attempt at description is here necessary. The Hotel has recently passed under new management, and will now be found a cheap, healthy, and desirable Residence. Special arrangements will be made with families staying for a week or upwards. Carriages run from Aberystwyth Daily. Tickets to view the Falls, which front the Hotel, are issued at the bar at Is. each. Visitors may ramble about the pleasant district, or they may hire horses and carriages at the Hotel, and drive to more distant places of interest in the neigh- bourhood such as Parson's Bridge (two miles); Ponterwyd (three miles); Hafod Church, to see the Marble Monument by Chantrey to the memory of Miss Johnes (five miles) Plinlimon Mountain (nine miles), the highest peak is 2,463 feet; Strata Florida Abbey Ruins (eight miles), and other places.. GOOD STABLING. POST HORSES AND CARRIAGES FOR HIRE. 2, LITTLE DARK-GATE STREET, ABERYSTWYTH, APRIL 20TH, 1878: HUGH R. PUGHE, BEGS to inform the Nobility, Gentry, and Inhabitants of Aberystwyth and its -D that he has opened the above old established premises (lately in the occupation of Mr. J. P. Jones, deceased) with a CHOICE SELECTION OF DRAPERY GOODS, THE LATEST NOVELTIES IX MOONSHINE, RAINBOW, AND SILK TRIMMINGS, FRINGES, RIBBONS, AND EVERY ARTICLE IN THE DRAPERY TRADE. RESPECTFULLY SOLICITING YOUR KIND SUPPORT AND PATRONAGE.! ALL COODS MARKED IN PLAIN FIGURES. i 23rd and 24th of Victoria, Cap. 68. 17 GENERAL STATEMENTS of the RECEIPTS and EXPENDITURE on Account of the HIGHWAYS of each Parish, Township, &c in the District of LOWER TREGARON, in the County of Cardigan, for the year ending 2->th March, 1878, as audited by the Highway Board for such' District. Transmitted by DAVID WILLIAMS, Clerk to the Highway Board, residing at Tregaron. Signed by R. J. DAVIES, Chairman. -LIRT7R -T R —RECEIPTS. j EXPENDITURE. Balance. March.' NAMES OF Length of J Balance Manual 1878. PARISHES, TOWN- Highways. Balance Rates or. over- Labour Trades- Other Total SHIPS, &c. in hand Asses- Other Total spent, Including Team (Materials; men's Salaries. Pay- Expend!- Over- Fur- March, ments. Receipts Receipts. March, Contract Labour.! Bills, ments.1 ture In hand snent |Miles, longs. 1877. 1877. Work. j p £ s. d. £ s. d.j £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ 's. dJ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ g d Argoed and Ystrad 5 1 5 7 7 34 0 o 39 7 7 24 0 4 i 4 4 0 3 10 0 0 1 6 5 10 o'o *4 1 37 9 11. 1 17 7-y, Bettws Leiki 7 2 30 0 0, 30 0 0 1 19 3]- 17 10 5' 1 17 0 4 16 11 0 1 4 4 13 o'o 4 0 31 1 lli-l 111 1U Doithie Camddwr 7 1 10 0 0; 10 0 0 2 13 (if 1 10 0 0 9 0 1 12 o!o 1 8 6 6 8 3 13 3tl Doithie Pysgottwr 8 2 0 19 9 9 0 Oj 9 19 9 4 17 6 0 2 0 1 8 4'0 1 7 6 9 ."H 3 10 4 Gartheli 6 2 1 8 6J 26 0 0- 27 8 6A 24 3 8 2 4 6 12 13 2 2 15 0 4 6 4'0 5 2 46 7 10 18 19 3i Garth and Ystrad 1 2 ~i 15 0 0; 15 0 0 j 1 19 5|i 6 13 71 0 9 3 4 C 42 0 6 5J-' 2 19 6 0 3 4 16 18 0-J-i 1 18 0l Gogoyan 2 11 1 14 0 4 0 0, 5 14 0 j 3 8 3- £ 1 5 8 "j 2 3 4:0 2 6 6 19 9? 1 5 9i Gorwydd 6 2 3 9 llf! 28 0 0j 31 9 11?! 18 9 4i 0 14 6 6 16 2 £ 0 13 5 4 16 8?0 5 9 31 15 n" o 5 11'" Gwynfil 5 2 0 8 3§! 21 0 0' 21 8 3^ 12 15 2- £ 3 12 6 1 9 10-| 3 11 8|0 4 3 21 13 6 0 4 2! Llanbadarn Odwyn 12 2 125 0 0. |125 0 0 3 8 5 75 7 4 7 1 9 4 2 6 0 15 5.Y 6 11 0 0 7 5 97 13 101-°7 6 1,! Llangeitho. 8 1 58 0 0; 58 0 0 17 16 3i 24 7 0 4 11 2), 2 9 10 5 10 4|0 6 3 55 Oil"*2 19 l"i Llanio 4 1 5 6 4i 12 0 0| 17 6 4?, 8 10 6 1 6 0 2 6 10i0 2 9 12 6 1 4 19 S1 Nantcwnlle 12 2 86 10 0j 86 10 0 [41 7 11 J- 28 12 11 2 1 11 1 11 3?> 1 9 7i 7 13 0 0 9 8 83 6 4l 3 3 7J-i Prysg and Carvan 2 3 6 6 2| 10 0 0: 22 6 29 10 12 '} 1 8 11 10 3 4|l 4 2l>2 14 8 0 3 l' 26 6 lot 3i 4 ft S" Trecefel 3 2 1 15 9|! 14 0 01 15 15 9.H 10 14 9 4 16 6 jO 2 0" 1 13 40 1 llj 17 8 O^j 1 12 S:j- Total 91 2 '26 16 6j-'488 10 0' *515 6 6.F69 4 11J271 14 0:^28 14 6^59 9 9 I7 9 0 'f>7 10 0'3 3 5 497 5 9 J47 9 ~4f 29 8 7 As compared with the ) ] corresponding half of V 91 2 17 19 9 469 10 0 |4S7 9 9 96 5 7 273 10 8&I57 18 0.1,35 16 8J8 17 2 [57 10 0 0 0 01529 18 2i !26 16 64:69 4 ir' last year. ) "I j 4 23rd & 24th of Victoria, cap. C8. GENERAL STATEMENTS of the RECEIPTS and EXPENDITURE 011 Account of the HIGHWAYS of each Parish, Township, &c., in the District of UPPER TREGARON, in the County of Cardigan, for the year ending 25th March, 1878, as audited by the Highway Board for such District.' Transmitted by DAVID \VILLIAMS, Clerk to the Highway Board, residing at Tregaron. Signed by EBENEZER WILLLIAMS, Chairman. Length of KECEIPTS. EXPENDITURE. Length of Balance Manual Balance, March, ^Highway8- Balance Rates orj over- Labour. Trades- Other Total 1878. PAKlbHJliO, 1UYVJN- in hand, Assess- Other Total spent, including Team Materials men's Salaries Pav- ExDendi- SHIPS, &c. Fur- j March, ments. Receipts Receipts. March, Contract Labour, Bills. ments ture. In Hand. Over- Miles. longs.l 1877. 1877. Work. Spent. Blaenayron 6 1 12 00 12 0002 llj 12 13 10.V 1 13 4 3 14 2i'0 4 jl8 9 0? 6 9 0:! Blaencaron 2 1 12 0 0 12 0 0 4 10 5 1 16 0 0 12 0 1 g o|o 2 li 8 8 6ii 3 11 5i Blaenpenal 8 2 57 0 0 57 0 0 3 8 3 24 5 0 5 15 6 6 5 9 0 3 6 5 10 2 jo 7 4I 45 15 6" 11 4 6 Caron Uwch-clawdd 21 2 54 0 0 54 0 0 6 0 3 35 4 6 3 1 0 1 10 0 11 8 310 12 3 57 16 3M 3 16 3' Croes and Berwyn 5 2 23 0 0| 23 0 0 4 15 Hi 13 14 3 I 0 12 0 6 12 7 2 12 4j 0 3 0 28 10 2" 10 V- Gwnnws Lower 10 2 10 1 5| 14 0 0 24 1 5^j 18 10 4b] 2 7 0 0 1 6 4 19 10" 0 5 9 26 4 51 2 3 0^- Gwnnws Upper 9 3 1 45 0 0 45 0 0 4 5 6 26 16 3 2 0 4-t' 3 0 3 6 3 9i0 6 9! 42 12 11~ 2 7 1 4 Lledrod Lower 10 2 1 2 8} 34 0 0 35 2 8] 21 16 0 4 12 8 7 4 0 6 18 11.V0 7 9 40 19 4i 5 Ifi <U Lledrod Upper 7 1 I 6 1 6| 20 0 0 26 1 6i 17 15 6 3 14 2 0 1 0 6 18 4 0 7 9! 28 16 9 2 1^ 3 Treflyn 2 2 16 0 0 16 0 0" 6 19 3 9 13 1|| 2 5 5'0 2 8: 19 0 6i 3 0 6 Ygpytty Ystradmeurig 3 1 18 0 0 18 0 0 1 17 3| 12 10 6 0 10 0 0 11 4 0 0 6 1 13 6 ;0 2 5: 17 5 0 14 6i 2 Yspytty Ystwyth 5 2 j 30 0 0 30 0 0 2 18 2 £ 17 19 li; 0 9 0 6 3 11 4 9 5|0 5 1; 32 4 94 "j 2 4 Total 90 5 17 5 8 335 0 0 352 5 M34 18 1 212 14 6112 10 10?;36 11 Q 710 6 58 2 5 3 7 6 366 3*1^iTrTT31 15 fH As compared with ) ( the corresponding > 90 5 21 0 2^432 0 0 453 0 2^19 14 7^313 7 3.^17 13 4J 46 1 10 ilo 4 6 57 10 0 1 1 0 470 12 7i 17 5 8 34 18 1 half of last year ) } 0 j' Ipswich may be described as the birthplace Chemical Manures." JOSEPH FISON & CO., IPSWICH, MANUFACTURERS OF SULPHURIC ACID AND CHEMICAL MANURES. (One of the Oldest Firms in the Trade.) /7! ;¡- tQYArI Messrs. JOSEPH FISON & Co., having established a Depot at Swansea, are now prepared to deliver their M inures free by Railway at any Station in South Wales, and the neighbouring counties. To Farmers These Manures have been found not only to produce a large yield, but also to improve the quality of the crops for w ich they are applied, to strengthen the soil, and to benefit succeeding crops. Full particulars may be obtained ttr )n application to any of the Agents of the Firm, or to the Head Offices. So Merchants, large Farmers, and others having a connection ■with Farmers :— Messrs. Joseph Fison & Co. are prepared to appoint Agents for their Manures in districts in which they are not already represented, and gentlemen of position and influence, who may wish for such agencics, are requested to apply by letter to the Head Offices. Early application is particularly requested, as many agencies have already been fixed in the Principality, and it s likely that the whole district will soon be fully occupied. WORKS: IPSWICH AND BRAMFORD. HEAD OFFICES: EASTERN UNION MILLS, IPSWICH. X.B.—No SUB-Agents are appointed, bitt all Agents being in direct communication with the Firm, order received ihroughthem will have the same attention as if handed to the pi-ii-tcilxtis. CROSSE & BLACKWELL'S MALT VINEGAR, PURE PICKLES, SAUCES, POTTED MEAl AND FISH, PREPARED SOUPS, CALVES' FEET JELLY, JAMS AND ORANGE MARMALADE, ALWAYS BEAR THEIR NAMES AND ADDRESS ON THE LABELS, a&d may be obtained of Grocers and Italian Warehousemen throughout the Woiil CROSSE & BLACKWELL, PURVEYORS TO THE QUEEN. SORG SQU ARE LONDON. PUBLIC NOTICES. "V"J"A.r- MERIONETHSHIRE QUARTER SESSIONS. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That, the next General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the County of Merioneth will be holden on Tuesday, the second day of July, 1878, in the County Hall, Dolgelley, at Eleven o'clock in the forenoon, when the Court will Audit all such Bills and Accounts against the County as shall then be delivered, and will transact the business relating to the assessment application and management of the County Stock or Rate, and of the Police Rate, and the General County Business after which the Court will be adjourned to the following day, to be held at the same place at Eleven o'clock in the forenoon, when the Grand and Petty Jurors will be called over, and the Court will proceed to hear and determine all matters brought before them in the following order.—1. In the trial of pri- soners 2. In the hearing of appeals,; 3. In hearing motions, and in the transaction of such other business a3 may be brought before the Court. The Clerks to the Justices of the several Divisions are requested to transmit to me, seven days before the Ses- sions, all Depositions, Convictions, and Recognizances which shall have been then taken, with any instructions for Indictments which they may be able to give. Dated the 15th day of June, 1878. EDWARD BREESE, Clerk of the Peace. Tl HE TOWYN PIER COMPANY, (LIMITED) are prepared to receive TENDERS for taking their property for One Year, or for such further term as may be agreed— 1. For the occupation of the Pier, Pier Master's House, Refreshment Rooms, and all other, the premises of the Com- pany (excepting their private office), together with the right of all Tolls and Rates payable by the Public under their Act of Parliament and the right of Supply of Re- freshments. 2. For the occupation of the Refreshment Rooms only, and the right of Supply of Refreshments to the Public. 3. For the occupation of the Pier, Pier Master's House, and all other, the premises of the Company (excepting their private office and the refreshment rooms, and right of supply of refreshment), together with the right of all Tolls and Rates payable by the Public under their Act of Parliament. Any tenant accepted by the Company for the occupation of the whole, or part of the Company s property will be required to enter into an Agreement, of which a copy may be obtained on application. Any tenant will be required to find a surety for pay- ment of the Rent, to be approved by the Company, fail- ing which the payment of six months' rent in advance will be required. The Company do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any tender. Particulars to be obtained, and Tenders to be sent in by the First day of July, 1878, and addressed to THE PIER COMPANY, Towyn, Merioneth. 14th June, 1878. BALA LOCAL BOARD. NOTICE is Hereby Given that the Local Rates and Expenditure, up to the 25th day of March, 1878, will be audited on Wednesday, the 10th day of July, 1878, at twelve o'clock noon, at my office in the town of Bala, in the county of Merioneth, by William Williams Jones, Esquire, Auditor, according to the provisions of the Public Health Act, 1875, 38 and 39 Vic., chap. 55, sec. 247, sub. sec. 3. The accounts will be open for inspection to the rate- payers during office hours, at the Local Board Office, Bala, on and after the 2nd day of July, 1878, being seven days previous to the said Audit. Dated this 21st day of June, 1878. A. ANWYL PASSINGHAM, Clerk. NION BANK OF AUSTRALIA. EstablishedJ.1837. Paid up Capital, 211,2,50,000 Reserve Fund, £ 450,000. LETTERS of CREDIT and BILLS on DEMAND, or at Thirty Days' Sight, are granted on the Bank's Branches throughout Australia and New Zealand. BILLS ON THE COLONIES are negotiated and sen for Collection. 0 DEPOSITS received, at notice and for fixed periods on terms which may be ascertained on application. W. R. MEWBURN, Manager. 1, Bank Buildings, Lothbury, London, E.C. B R Cc IC s- A LARGE QUANTITY of good-sized, well-burnt BRICKS 011 SALE, at Arddleen Brickyard.—Apply to C. MYTTOX, Welsbpool. MEETINGS. "r."v"f'J" TREGARON CHURCH. A BAZAAR, iu aid of the Restoration Fund of the above Church will be held at Aberystwyth on the 29th and 30th August, under the patronage of George E. J. Powell, Esq., of Nanteos. Contributions will be thank- fully received by Major W. E. Phelp, Nanteos, and Mrs. Davies, the Vicarage, Tregaron. "Tan nawdd Daw a'i "Y gwir yn erbyn y dangneiV /(t byd." Iesu na'd gamwaith." „• I Calon wrth galon." "A laddo a leddir." Duw, a pliob daioni." THE BIRKENHEAD ROYAL NATIONAL EISTEDDFOD, CADAIR ARTHUR, A GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN, SEPTEMBER 17, 18, 19, & 20, 1878. NEARL Y Cl,ooo will be given in prizes. The Compositions to be sent in by August 1st; the names of candidates for Degrees, Examinations, and Musical Competitions, by the 20th August. A Complete and Revised List of the Subjects for Competition may be had, on receipt of two penny postage stamps, from the Secretaries, namely— OWEN JONES, General Secretary, Birkenhead. GWILYM ALLTWEN, Literary Secretary, Birkenhead. BORTH CHURCH. A BAZAAR Will be held in the Grounds of the Cambrian Hotel and the National Schoolrooms, Borth, On THURSDAY and FRIDAY, the 8th and 9th August, For the purpose of defraying the debt on the Church. Contributions will be gratefully received by H. C. Fryer, Esq., J.P., Lodge Park, Taliesin, Glandovey, R.S.O. H. Christian Corfield, Esq., Oswestry; Rev. Thomas H. Hunt, M.A., Badsey Vicarage, Evesham; Mrs. Lewis, Rhywgoch, near Aberystwyth, Geo. Lewis, Esq., Oswestry; Geo. Owen, Esq., J.P., Oswestry L. Pugh Pugh, Esq., Abermade, near Aberystwyth Thomas Savin, Esq., Oswestry; and the Hon. Secretaries, the Rev. W. Davies, The Vicarage, Llanfihangel-Geneu'r- Glyn, near Borth, R.S.O. the Rev. D. P. Evans, The Vicarage, Carmarthen; Everard Whiting Jones, Esq., Borth. For train arrangements see further advertisements. GREAT ADVANTAGES TO PURCHASERS OF PIANOS, HARMONIUMS, OR AMERICAN ORGANS BY ANY MAKER. FOR PRICE LISTS AND PARTICULARS APPLY TO I W. K. WHEATLEY & SONS, PIANOFORTE AND MUSIC WAREHOUSE, TERRACE ROAD, ABERYSTWYTH. PIANOFORTES AND HARMONIUMS FOR SALE OR HIRE. A choice stock of instruments by the best makers. New Pianoforte, 7 octaves, rosewood or walnut, 22 guineas. New Harmoniums in mahogany, 7 guineas; in walnut, 8 guineas. Several second-hand instruments cheap for cash. A Y3 large stock of new and popular music from 3d. a copy. Musical Instrument Strings and Fittings of every de- scription. Orders for Tuning will receive the attention of W. K. WHEATLEY, ORGANIST, TEACHER & TUNER OF THE PIANOFORTE AND HARMONIUM. Testimonials for Tuning from BKINLEY RICHARDS, Esq., Dr. JOSEPH PARRY, D. TENII-NS, Esq., Mus. Bac., and many of the Clergy and Gentry in the Midland Counties and Mid Wales. The Medical profession are now ordering Cadburys Cocoa Essence in thousands of cases, because it contains more nutritious and ilesh-forming elements than any other beverage, and is preferable to the thick starchy Cocoa ordinarily sold. When you ask for Cadbury's Cocoa Essence be sure that you get it, as shopkeepers often push imitations for the sake of extra profit. Makers to the Quaen. Paris depot 90, Faubourg St. Honore. s PECTACLES, SPECTACLES. C. B. RADCLIFFE, Esq., M.D., 25, Cavendish Square, London, Consulting Physician to the Westminster Hospital, writes :—" No Spectacles could possibly suit better than HENRY LAURANCES." EDWARD KNOCKER, Esq., J.P., Dover, late Mayor •of Dover, writes:—"My sight has improved since using HENRY LAURANCE'S SPECTACLES." JOHN DEATH, Esq., J. P., Cambridge, late Mayor of Cambridge, writes :—" Mrs. Death's sight has been much strengthened by the use of HENRY LAURANCE'S SPECTACLES." T. SMITH ROWE, Esq., M.D., Margate, Senior Surgeon to the Royal Sea Bathing Infirmary, Margate, writes I regret that I did not use HENllY LAU- RANCE'S SPECTACLES long since." HENRY LAURANCE'S SPECTACLES Are the CLEAREST, COOLEST, and BEST for the Sight. Thousands have been benefited by their use when all other Spectacles have failed. A list of the Testimonials can be had from the agent, from whom these Spectacles can only be obtained. All Spectacles stamped H.L. AGENT FOR ABERYSTWYTH— A. MAJOR, JEWELLER AND OPTICIAN, 38, PIER STREET. ENLARGEMENT IF THE CAMBRIAN NEWS. 1 N past years the pressure of news and advertise- ments during the summer season has often placed us under the necessity of publishing two editions, by which arrangement much of the news of the district in which the Cambrian News circulates was only seen by a portion of our subcribers. Nor has it been in summer time only that our columns have been overcrowded; frequently, during the rest of the year, we have been com- pelled to omit from the whole or part of our issue news, which was in type, from Montgomeryshire, or Merionethshire, Cardiganshire, Carnarvon- shire, or elsewhere. We are happy to inform our readers that arrangements are now being made which will place us in a position to satisfy the demands of our extensive district. Seeing that news and advertisements have to be pub- lished from several of the largest counties in the Principality, the difficulties under which we have laboured will be readily understood, but new machinery will enable us to adapt our size to the varying requirements of readers and adver- tisers. The permanent addition to the size of our paper will represent something like a page of the Cambrian News, while we shall be able, when occasion demands, to add eight columns to the enlarged sheet. By this step we hope to secure a still wider circle of readers and to make the Cambrirni News still more worthy of the position which it has won in the Principality.
,AGPTICULT-U, RE.
AGPTICULT-U, RE. (No. 10.) LAND PROPRIETORS, IN the old times, when Wales was cut off from the rest of the United Kingdom far more com- pletely than now, even those owners of land who possessed houses on their estates seldom occu- pied them, and then only for very short periods. Before the advent of railways the in- ducements to reside in Wales, it will easily be understood, were certainly not great, es- pecially as the landowners rarely understood Welsh, and, when they appeared among their tenants, were besieged with requests hard to resist, for improvements calculated to make serious in- roads on the rents, not over-regularly paid by the applicants. The tenants could not speak the English tongue, and knew very little about advanced agriculture and still less about their landlords. They were poor, laboured patiently and hopelessly under all sorts of disad- vantages, and only indistinctly realized that their condition was the result of a system for which landlords might justly have been held respon- sible. Railways, in addition to other benefits, have done a good deal towards making Welsh landowners less reluctant to reside on their estates, but the Principality still knows something of the evils that follow from non-resident land- lords who let family mansions and the shooting to strangers, and leave all arrangements as to letting land, &c., to agents, who naturally enough stave off as long as possible outlay on repairs and improvements. Non-resident landlords are now the exception, however, and it is by no means unusual for the squire to take his natural place among his tenants and, in many in- stances, to understand their language even if he does not venture to speak it. With- out desiring to make too much of them, or to draw far-fetched conclusions from them, it may be mentioned that two important changes are going on in the Principality as regards the ownership of land. Merchants and success- ful professional men from over the border are beginning to compete for land in Wales, and whenever they come into possession the results are soon seen in planting, building, fencing, and draining. Again, in Wales itself successful business men in towns begin to turn their atten- tion to agriculture. Freeholds up to a thousand acres are sought after at prices which tempt small impoverished owners into the market. When the successful •townsman cannot purchase, he becomes j the tenant of land on lease, and whether he makes money or not, soon effects improvements which make old-fashionediarmers shake their heads omin- ously and predict speedy ruin. The predicted ruin lingers long after the prophets arc in their graves, and is still a coming event when a new generation confesses it sees nothing particular in the fields which once caused so much excitement in the neighbourhood. A word of explanation may be needed to account for the fact that leases are granted to shopkeepers or professional men moie readily than to ordinary farmers. The reasons for this course are not far to seek. No landowner will grant a twenty-one years' lease to a tenant except at an increased rent. Now, the ordinary yearly tenant, as a rule, feels that he pays enough rent already, and is anything but ready to pay more in order to secure a lease. He believes a lease is worth having if it can be obtained for nothing, but is too doubtful of the capacities of his holding to venture volun- tarily upon the payment of additional rent. He will admit, perhaps, that his rent will be raised two or three times probably in the course of the next twenty years, but that does not seem to him a good reason for not avoiding the increase as long as possible. The shopkeeper or professional man acknowledges at once that to expect a long lease at the rent paid by a yearly tenant is unreason- able, and consequently offers to accept a five or ten per cent. rise in rent, on condition that a lease for twenty-one years is granted. This new class of tenant and freeholder is gradually dis- placing men who are just well enough off to live shabbily without working, but far too poor to maintain positions as county gentlemen. The new residents do not pretend to county grandeur, nor, on the other hand, do they fraternize with labourers, but are gradually forming a portion of what is known as the higher middle class, just the sort of people Wales has been most deficient in. Poverty, pride, and pedigrees are no longer the distinguishing features of the bulk of Welsh landlords below the ten or a dozen great owners whose ancestors did not come over with the Conqueror, for the simple reason that they were here before him. The gulf be- tween the large owners of land and the people was wide and unbridged in the old times already referred to. The landlord took no part in public business, which was altogether conducted in a language he did not understand and therefore did not like. The spread of education among the people, the decrease of prejudice against the Welsh language, and other causes, have brought the different sections of the people nearer to- gether. Landlords are beginning to take an interest in Sanitary and Local Boards, and their influence for good is felt in many districts on Boards of Guardians and in all kinds of associations established for the advancement of the people, intellectually and socially. The in- habitants generally speak a good deal of English, the landowners speak a little Welsh, and the re- lations between the classes are more friendly —or perhaps it would be more correct to say those relations are closer than they used to be. There are still, unfortunately, many drawbacks which prevent the growth of that higher middle class which has been absent from Wales in so marked a degree. Among those drawbacks must be placed the scarcity of good country houses, with from twenty to a hundred acres of land attached. A captain or major in the army, a retired lawyer or doctor, wants a place where he can keep a horse or two, and dabble in experimental farming. He would gladly settle in Wales, but there is a remarkable scarcity of just the sort of rambling comfortable unpretentious residence—neither farmhouse, hall, nor mansion—which would suit him. Nothing is commoner than to hear that houses of this kind are wanted, and that some one has gone to live over the border because he could not get a place to suit him in Wales. The time has not yet come for Wales to be the fashionable rage, but every year a larger number of capitalists in England are discovering that the country is full of beautiful spots which only need the approval of Royalty or some such stamp to bring them into notice. Two things are urgently needed, that landowners should invest capital in improving the land, and that they should give tenants the security afforded by long leases as an inducement to follow their ex- ample.
. TI-IE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE…
TI-IE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES. THE Government have definitely declined to make a grant towards either the completion or the maintenance of the University College of Wales. We have never been able to see on what ground a grant could be made to the Aberystwyth College and denied to Owens College, Manchester, and other similar institutions. The only way a Go- vernment grant can be made towards higher education in the Principality is by union between St. David's and the University College and the formation of a University body. This union, however, it is to be feared, will not be brought about for many a long year to come, for the simple reason that in connection with the Aber- ystwyth Institution there are far too many personal ambitions to gratify for education to be the first and only consideration. The Aberystwyth College fills a national need and deserves a degree of support it has never received, and never will receive until all classes of supporters are welcomed, not only as subscribers, but as active partici- pators in the management of the institution. There are gentlemen scattered over Wales- shrewd men of business-willing to assist the College, but determined that if they give sub- stantial help, they will also have a voice in the management. It is, we can easily believe, very pleasant to draw up resolutions in London and pass them unanimously at Aberystwyth, but vigorous progressive life is not promoted in this way. Sooner or later the Council will have to face the fact that the ruling body of the College is not representative of Wales, and is becoming less and less representative every year. This statement is made, not in opposition to the College, bat in a spirit of friendliness. A national institution must rest upon national support, and must be really managed by all those who are nominally entrusted with its management. Any other course will alienate support and drive the institu- tion into the bands of a small section who repre- sent nobody but themselves. In many respects it is fortunate that a Government grant has not been obtained. The Council will now be com- pelled to put their trust in the people of Wales, and one of the first effects of the Government refusal will be a tendency to popularize the ma. nagement, and to ellow more freedom of action to the Council. If, just now, a grant had been obtained, it is very doubtful, indeed, whether the College would not have been nursed to death. The refusal to grant the College assistance out of the Imperial funds at once throws the institution upon Wales, and we believe Wales will nobly re- spond to any appeal that may be necessary for help. Nothing can injure the College except want of faith in its vitality among its own friends. The College must go on, and we believe will go on better without Government assistance than with it-at least for many years to come. At the meeting to which the announcement was made that Government help was refused, a further an- nouncement was made that Mr. HENRY PARNALL has bequeathed it the sum of £ 5,000. This is a large sum, and we believe that, now the trust in Government assistance has been removed, the funds of the College will grow. The Endowment Fund hns languished hitherto, but unless we are very much mistaken another year will not pass