The Swansea Gazette and Daily Shipping Register

North Dock January 13 a. m Marima s 1759, Doucett, Santos &c Zaima 318 Tobiassen, Malmo Enchantressea70 Grazen, Lezardrieux January 13 p in Cardiff Trader s 3S9, Rich, Llanelly January 14 a.in Emily s 69 Bennett. Saunderefoot Boileau a 1038, Stephang, St Nazaire Volpone s 186, Hughes, Cardiff City of Yorks 24, Payne, Avonmouth Jan 14 p,m Stamfordham s 523 Phillips, Barry JanlSa.m. Arendal s 876, Olsen, Barcelona Ruby 42 Brueford, Lydney Aurora 36 Hole, N eathabbey Jan 16 a. m. Portadown s 77 Connor, Neathabbey Portaferry s 74, James, Bristol ,Onyx s 219, McPhail, Cherbourg Jan 16 p,m, Ben Clune s 1334 Campe, Barletta Venedotian s 734, Williams, Marseilies January 17 a.m. Beryl a 770 Keay, Syiacuse Jan 17 p.m Nil January 18 a m Jenny s 475, Hansen, Caen Jan 18 p.m Nil Jan 19 :un Nil

South Dock Jan 13 a. in Nil Jan 13 p.m Teviot s 498, McConn6ll. Glasgow Talbot s 228 Owens, Liverpool Truthful s 280 Sylvester, Manchester Agra s 62, Jones, Bjistol Jan 14 a.m Staghound a 152, Campbell, Fecamp January 14 p.m Nil January 15 a. m Newent s 613, .tiOlton. London January 16 a. m Nil January 1H p.m Bass Rock s 357 Bowden, Caen Ettrick s 465, McMillan, Glasgow Collier s IK], Wright, Avonmouth January 17 a.m Sunlight s 227 Dawson, Liverpool New Pioneer s 321, Gemmell, Rouen Jan 17 p.m Nil J <m i3 a.m Nil Jan 18 p.m Julia s 85, Luxon, Bristol January 19 a.m Blanche ROCK s 171, Ashcroft, Rouen

Prince of Wales Dock. January H) a.m. Vernon s 616, Brierley, London Aagot B 854, Olemetsen, La Rochelle Elizabeth Koberts 99, Jones, Portmadoc Adieu Va 49 Le Gall, Quimper Jauurryl3p.m Val de Travers s 27 McLean, Treport Jan 14 a.m Marie Therese s 1 098, Froese, Stettin Talavera s 1155, C ronberg, StocKholm Austrian s 2027, Furneaux, Tangiers &c City of Cork » 827, Walsh, Rotterdam Tasso s 1120, Watkins. Antwerp via Bristol January 14 p m —- Nil Jan 15 a.m City of Cadiz s 46;, Davison, Hamburg Sagonite s 287, Campbell, Rouen Ev a s 736, Selvesen, Bayonne Cit y of Belfast s 522. Kelly, Hamburg Cairm-yan s 1060, Murray, Genoa The Emperor s 234 McAlister Rouen Algerian s 1137 Nash i. enoa Camille s 501, David, Rouen Abertawe s 8:5 Light La Rochelle January 16 a.m. Nil January 16 p.m. Alice M Craig s 333, BlacK, Rouen 11 1 Kergvik s 789, Petersen, Srockholm Dana 456 Martmsen, S-mtander Riugi-lej' s 342 Steverieon, Rouen January 17 a,in Nil January 17 p.m William Balls s 1595, Kennedy, Genoa January 18 a. III Nil JantSp.m Ilildur S 58.3, Wenneberg, Bergen January 19 a.m. Speedwell s 579, Ledd/a, Ronen Circe 8 511, LeMasson, Caen Juno s 825, Cwen?,'Ani.sterdam For later Sailings see page 2 "i'!l

isrbiAtu r5MOKW ,¡OW:¡UI. the Indian of North America had a way of sea .» 181 up the smeke in rings cr puffs, knowing that luGh a smoke column would at once be noticed an4 understood as a signal, and not taken for the smokl of some camp fire. He n~"?e the rings by covering the littie fire with his blanket for a. moment AIM) allowing the smoke to ascend, when he instantly covered the fire again. The coluun of ascending smoke rings "hid to every Indian within thirty miles, "Lock out! There is an enemy near!" Three smokes built close together meant danger. One smoke merely meant attention. Two smoked meant, "Camp at this place." Travel the plains, and the usefulness of this long-distance telephone Will at once become apparent. Sometimes at night the settler or the traveller saw lery lines crossing the sky, shooting up and railing* perhaps taking a direction diagonal to the lines of vision. He might guess that these were the signal* of the Indians, but unless he were an old-timer he Might not be able to interpret the signals. The old- timer and the squaw-man knew that one fire-arrow, an arrow prepared by treating the head of the shaft with gunpowder and fine bark, meant the same a* the columns of smoke puffs—"An enemy is near." Two arrows, meant danger. Three arrows said linperatively, "This danger is gre'tt." Several Ikltows said, "The enemy are too many for us.* Thus the untutored ravage could telephone fairly WBH at night as well at Vt. the daytime. ■■-—fo> —. ■-

INTRODUCTION OF PAPERHANGINBS. It to to King William III. that we owe tbq Introduction of wall-paper." into this country. Paperhangings of a sort, it is true, were in use in England and in some parts of the Continent long before the time of William of Orange; but they Usually consisted merely of maps of the world, as It was known then, with fantastic borders 4.f Indians, negroes, elephants, and other "natives" Of far-off regions. The art of paperhanging in imitation of the old velvet flock was new when, William came to England, and it was on th* walls of tire drawing-room at Kensington Palaw that these new hangings were first seen in this country. They took the fancy of the fashionah1? folk of the day, end their v neapness being ar additional recoxnr Biidatjon. they speedily cm* Wo general use.

fls who conww up to Ms own Ktetu "1 gm4T.Mai awn* always. have iad P very low ,nt,uidard of it IK hio, mind. There is certain'; something of exquisite kind- ■KM and thoughtful benevolence in that rareA of gilta.fine breeding. Few men haire nothing to tell ub, would thej but speak that they know,_ and speak it accord- lag to the measure of their powers. Train fue understanding. Take care that the mgnd has a stout and straight stem. Leave the fowero of wit and fancy to come of themselves. It is the vain endeavour to make ourselves what we are not that has strewn history witit so many broken purposes and lives loft ip the 81gh. He who sincerely takes life in earnest finds It quite natural and a matter ot course to do 80, and, therefore, he does not make any great noise lIbout it.RoTHE. The progress of knowledge is slow. Like tfeft ■Baa, we cannot see it moving; but, after. a while, we perceive that it has moved, nay, that It has moved onward. The golden moments in the stream of life milt IMtï us, and we see nothing but sand; the angels agine to visit us, and we only know them wwo tbey are gone.-GEORGE ELIOT. In every pursuit of life it is the effort, the pew paration, the discipline, the earnest labour, that makes the valuable man in every department kot the mere fact of his occupying this or that position. We are all inventors, each sailing out on a M»yage of discovery, guided each by a private •hart of which there is MO duplicate world is all gates, all opportunities, strings of tension waiting to be struck. A moral yeung man's ehnraoteriftioa are Honesty of speech, respectability of carriage, in dustry of mind and consideration for others. With these a young man is as "model" as it It given to an earthly being to be.

fCEENCE NOTES AND NEWS. NEW ELECTRIC FURNACK. h order to determine the points of fuafai as .motory substances, W C. Heraeus has eoDe tfracted at Hanau a new electric furnace, tbI HWSDtial part of which, says an American P*P$t aoHsists of a tube of iridium 20 millimeters tniek and 40 millinieters in- diameter and 4 in 'Whisk temperatures between 1,500deg. and 2,<>00de8. Centigrade may be maintained for any deMred c length of time. To attain a temperature of it,000deg. it is necessary to send through the tuffe ID electric 3urrent of 1,200 amperes at 5 ToMa At a certain temperature the f substance undel examination oegine to soften, and at a tempers- tare 5deg. to 15 deg. higher, depending upon tht aetuie of the substance, complete fusion owum

Ti^ CAUSE OF SLEEP. Sir William Gowers, the famous medical sdsBh th*, has developed a new theory of illlfi According to hit explanation the suspension at eocaciousneas in sleep is probably due to a "break and make" action among the brais cells. The activity of the brain is considered t> be due to nerve cells, from which spring lierva •ords that go on dividing and Bub-divxlia#, antil they terminate in little knobs. Formed# It was believed that the nerve eel's *{ *:he hinMs Were in permanent connection by means of tiw& terminals; but now it appears that theee an only in opposition, and capable of being sepe* rated. The hypothesis is that during sleep euiA separation takes place, and the fact that us*- ootic substances are capable of inducing siseg is held support this view

"ELECTRIC STEEL" IN GERMANY. The Heroult electric proews for th* produe tion of steel ir- now m practical operation at Remscheid Haston in Germany, and it is re- ported t the steel produced is much superiiM in many ways to that made by older methods. Steel of great purity and homogeneous quality is made from ordinary scrap-iron rubbish, melted, and then subjected to tne action of an electric oven, in which the necessary carbon, manganese, nickel and other substances requ ;a to produce steel of various qualities are added to the liquid metal. The oven has a capacity of from one and one-half td two tons, and is heated by a current of 100 volts. The new steel is said to be stronger and ixirre resistant to wear end tear than' the old-fashioned crucible steeL

MEASURING THE INFINITE Of all the sciences, astronomy, probably, is the Most impressive and awe-inspiring The spaos within the confines of the solar systc^n -whiofo earth is part, and the outermost known membee of which is nearly 3,000,000,000 miles from the oentre, is but a drop in the ocean of space. We think of and measure distances on earth in terms of an inch or a yard or a mile. The smallest yard-stict, so to speak, with which the astro- nomer measures distance in the universe is the semi-diameter of the earth's orbit, roughly speaking, 93,000,000 miles. Such figures are of very little use to the ordinary person, but thef may serve, says the Pictorial Magazine, to give some notion of the gmndeur of that human inteV lect which can unravel and systeniatlOOthe 10" teriea of the stars

THE ORIGIN OF GUNPOWDER. The Chinese have long been credited with Gw invention of gunpowder, but Professor E. O. «0n Lippmann, of Halle, has collected evidenes to indicate that this is a mistake, and that the Arabians did not, as commonly stated, introduor gunpowder into Europe during the eighth and ninth centuries. Professor von Lippmann be- lieves that the manufacture of the first gun- powder was based _upon the "Fire-book" OI Graecus, which appeared in Constants nop £ » about the. middle of the thirteenth een- tdry. This was the source from which "Roge1 Baoon, Albertus Magnus, and Thomas Aquinas derived their knowledge of gunpowder. The flrst ue of gunpowder to drive projectiles is ascribed to a monk, BerCoId Schwarz, whose discovery was made accidentally while prep/wing the mis ture for medicinal purposes.

FACTS ABOUT BUILDING STONl. Almost everybody knows the rule of the masona that stone used in building should be so placed that it will lie as it lay in ite natural bed when quarried. But Mr. Francis Wv Hoyt, is the Engineering News, says that this familial rule is not always to be depended upon, and needs in many cases to be supplemented with ether precaution*. There are three planee o! fracture known to quarrymen. The rift" is the direction in which the stone splits most easily: the "grain" that which is next easiest; the head" that which offers the greatest re sifitance. In a paving-block the two sides repre> sent the rift fracture the top and bottom the 'u grain, and the ends the head. PHIF. in a tne natural bed is sometimes considerably alined to thp plane. of the r; r t; hence the ina perfection of the ri*^ for plaoihg tk§ itooe in buildi