The London Welshman

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THE INDUSTRIES OF WALES. Exhibition and Sale in London. The annual sale and exhibition in connection with the Welsh Industries Association was held at Hyde Park House on Tuesday. Thanks to the kindness of Lady Naylor-Leyland, the house, with all its wealth of art treasures, was available for the purpose, as it was last year, and a large number of ladies and gentlemen attended. Ten of the branch county associations were repre- sented by stalls, and upon all hands a great improvement was shown in the quality and character of the exhibits. This was especially the case with the Glamorgan section, which included three stalls. One was devoted to pottery, mostly from Ewenny, in which the designs have been improved to such a remark- able degree that many of the pieces possess really artistic merits. At the same time, the character of the articles, the glazing and the colouring, have also been placed upon a better basis, so that the pottery is now gaining a ready market for its usefulness and its decorative properties, instead of being bought mostly as a matter of curiosity. Another of the Glamorgan stalls was of woollen goods, in which the appreciation is very marked; and the third of the stalls from the county bore art needlework and leatherwork, chiefly from the schools conducted at Cardiff in connection with the Association. In this depart- ment the assistance of Lady Eva Wyndham- Quin was very noticeable, as her ladyship has rendered invaluable aid in making designs for the workers, most of them notable for beauty of colouring and of outline. A notable stall came up from Brecon, con- taining a number of bales of flannel, all of excellent quality. Monmouthshire was repre- sented chiefly by art needlework, carving, and preserved fruits. The stall-holders and helpers included the following ladies :— Anglesey.-Miss Antonia Williams and the Hon. Adelia Douglas-Pennant. During the day the Princess Louise Augusta of Schleswig- Holstein also assisted at this stall. Cardigan.—Mrs. Waddingham, of Hafod. Carnarvon.- The Hon. Alice Douglas- Pennant, Carmarthen.-The Hon. Gladys Rice. Denbigh.—The Countess of Dundonald, Lady Naylor-Leyland, and the Misses Douglas- Pennant. Monmouthshire.—Lady Llangattock and Lady Mather Jackson. Pembroke.-Countess Cawdor and Mrs. Wilfrid Allen. Glamorgan.—Lady Windsor, the Duchess of Beaufort, Lady Maud Vivian, Lady Eva Wynd- ham-Quin, the Hon. Phillis Clive, the Hon. Eva Bruce, the Hon. Pansy Bruce, Mrs. Oliver Jones, Mrs. Godfrey Clark, Mrs. Marcus Gunn, Miss A. Vacchell (Cardiff), and Miss Dorothy Helme. The exhibition was opened formally by the Duchess' of Beautort. Her Grace was intro- duced by Lord Aberdare, and was immediately accompanied by Lady Aberdare, Lady Dillwyn Llewelyn, Lady Naylor-Leyland, Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin, the Misses Harford, the Hon. Alberta Vivian, Mrs. Brynmor Jones, Mrs. Richard Helme, and others. The Duchess of Beaufort, in declaring the exhibition open, said that she considered it a great honour once more to be asked to perform that ceremony on such an interesting occasion, and had the greatest pleasure in doing so. Her Grace added that her pnly hope was that the exhibition would be as great a success, if not a greater success, than had been experienced by the Association on past occasions.. A general opinion amongst visitors who had attended the exhibitions of previous years was that extraordinary progress was noticeable in every department, and that the influence of the Association had been remarkably beneficent in every way. From all over Wales, practically speaking, came evidences that the industries were gaining a better hold on the market, and were being better suited to requirements.

from historians and inscriptions. Christianity came by an indirect connection with this occupa- tion. No man can say when the name of Jesus was first heard in Britain; we know the time approximately of the first mention of this. It is made by an African writer at Carthage. Tertullian wrote an apologetic work against the Jews about A.D. 202 or 203, and in this men- tions places in Britain as subdued to Christ:" The probable conclusion is that there were Christians in Britain about 200. There could have been no special missions to Britain; the first Christians in the island were artisans, traders, professional men, &c., from Italy, Gaul, and the Rhenish provinces, as well as other countries. These men would bring such ideas of Church and doctrine as had been generally developed by their time. They brought here the old Latin version of the Scriptures, which held its place until the time when Gildas quoted it so largely they brought definite doctrine about God, the Trinity, the Incarnation they brought their own ideas of the Christ, such as prevailed elsewhere; the bishop, presbyter, deacons, for each congrega- tion where possible. What is absent is no less noteworthy. Diocese there is not, in the modern sense, nor was for probably five or six hundred years more. Archbishop or metropolitan was not known, probably never known, among them. Hardly as yet was the bishop a priest, though the full intent of the application is clearly observed by the time of Gildas. No monk will be seen in Britain for nearly two centuries and a half. The first British Christians would be men who spoke the Latin tongue. The Scrip- tures existed for them in Latin only. We have no trace of any British Bible, or liturgy, or hymn. Parallel cases are found elsewhere, being in this so different from the East, where many versions were made from the Greek in very early times. Even as churches became largely or exclusively Celtic, the Scriptures still exist only in Latin. This explains no small part of the power of the Church, its hierarchy, its mysterious ordinances over the masses of the people. A new power has been at work since about 320; in about a century and a half it had covered East and West. This was Christian Monachism. The history of Monachism itself ought to be known by us. Quite a library of books have by to-day been restored or added to Christian literature through the labours of Coptic scholars and those who have revolutionised views extensively held of late respecting Antony, Pachonius, Palladius of the Lauriac History, and Rufinus, with many others. Au this con- cerns us in Britain. The great tide of spiritual conflict came here from South Gaul some time between 430 and 450 it came here from Egypt. There appears among us the well-known llans (meaning monastery), and in the Antonian fashion of two or three dwelling together- Llanddeusant, Llantrisant, Llanpumpsaint, even Llannawsant, llanllieni for nunnery, disarth (desertum), cor (Bangor), cil, &c. After dwelling on the character of several well-known books, such as Geoffrey of Mon- mouth's "Historia" (Brut in Welsh) and the "Book of Llandav," the lecturer referred to the Lives of Vitae. Five lives stand by themselves, the Lives of Samson, Gildas, and Paul Aurelian, and the Lives of David and Catwg. Four of those named-David, Gildas, Samson, Paul— were disciples of Illtud at the monastery of Llanilltud from their youngest days. It is a great anachronism to call these institutions schools or colleges or universities; they were first and foremost monasteries, a school of severe ascetic life. Three of the men-Samson, Paul and Gildas-crossed over in the great stream of emigration to Brittany, where bishops and monks appear in the sixth and seventh century as outnumbering the secular chiefs. These men spoke to princes as their equals, to bishops as called by God, to all in sincerity and love. A new church arose, of which illustrative details are at hand, a church that learnt new lessons of disciplined obedience and of spiritual unworldly aims.