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THE FAIREST LAND.

lUbtcU) of iSocftg*

A L M ANACK FOR 1846.

LONDON AND PARIS FASHIONS…

THE BISHOP OF LLANDAFF'S CHARGE.

6ttttral fHtgieUatia.

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6ttttral fHtgieUatia. A sound like the janglo of arms preparing in our ar- senals goes on the ear is still kept alive with rumours of warlike tendency—marshallitig of the Militia, measur- ing of merchant-steamers by naval officers, and the like. The French Opposition papers are gloating over the diffi- culties of England—over her corn question, railway panic, financial embarrassments presumed to be in pro- spect, Oregon disputes, and so forth. There can scarcely be a doubt that it has now become more prudent to place this country in a state of preparation for defence, and that the general feeling at the report of official activity in that behalf is one of satisfaction. The scarcity of silver has been severely felt by the London tradesmen during the present month. Is it not almost time that the long promised issue of new silver took place! it was talked about more than twelve months ago. Excellent potatoes, of which it was not necessary to waste a single particle, were on Saturday last sold in our market at tenpence per peck, or 3s. 4d. per bushel.— Hereford Journal. TIIE FAMINE PANIC.—We have been honoured by a distinguished reader with the following, which we gladly publish as one of the practical hints which strong com- mon sense alone suggests :—" The public have not been told of the bountiful supply of vegetables this year. It is six-fold that of last year, and of the best quality, and at a most reasonable price. Why eat a bad potato when you can get a good carrot or a cabbage — West of Eng- lalul Conservative Journal. A crop of white globe turnip, grown this season on the Home Farm of Sir BouchierPalk Wrey, Bart., Tawstock, Devonshire, averaged 47 tons per acre without the tops. Average weight of ten turnips, clean bulbs, per square rod, 891bs. It is confidently asserted that a magnificent (Catholic) Cathedral, upon a scale of considerable magnitude, will ere long be commenced in Adelaide.— Adelaide (South Awdralia) paper of June 28th. The late Rev. Walker Gray, of Henbury, has, it is said, left £ 3,009 to the different Bristol charities. The Emperor of Russia has given magnificent dona- tions for the relief of the poor of the city of Palermo. The Limerick Chronicle states that Charles O'Connell, attorney, a kinsman of Dan's, and chief agitator in Clare to boot, having given Nir. Cullinan, a brother chip, the lie at the Ennis petty sessions, received a crack of a stick 011 the head from the offended party, sufficient to floor a Chief Justice. Time was when pistols for two" would have been" a motion of course." A PROFITABLE ANIMAL.—The celebrated heifer Myr- tle, the property of the Duke of Devonshire, was pur- chased by his Grace at the Royal Agricultural meeting, at Derby, at which meeting she won the first prize of £10, as the best yearling short-horned heifer. The same animal also gained the first prize of jEtO at the Yorkshire Agricultural meeting at Doncaster, 1843, as the best yearling heifer; and the first prize of JE15 at the Royal Agricultural meeting ot Southampton, in 1844, as the best two-year-old heifer. This beautiful animal was never surpassed at any exhibition, and is now only three years and nine months old she has produced two calves at separate births, for which, together with the dam, 300 guineas have been offered and refused. MARRYING A WIFE'S SISTER.—At the Southwark police-court, last week, a man way summoned for not maintaining a child, the offspring of his marriage with his deceased wife's sister. The magistrate, in making allowance for the child, said that the latter marriage, on account of the degree of consanguinity existing between the parties, was null and void, and the offspring, there- fore, came under the denomination of bastard, and the defendant was amedable for its support. According to news received from Iceland to the 12th of October, the eruption of Mount Hecla still continued with the same violence the lava ran from the South- west crater without intermission, and had already covered a space of three miles, and heaped up a mass in a plain at the foot of the mountain thirty to forty cubits in height. THE PLANETS.—The present evenings are very fa- vourable for astronomical observation, as far as the positions of the planets are concerned. Three of the superior planets of the solar system rise between the hours of seven and ten, and appear in nearly the same quarter of the heavens. Saturn, the least bright, is in the south, at an altitude of 20 degrees, and appears with his ring very clearly developed in a telescope magnifying 80 times; two of his moons are unusually visible. The planet Mars, now, unusually brilliant, is, south-east of the former, and about the same elevation; his disc in the telescope is nearly as large as Jupiter, and has a central mark upon it. The planet Jupiter is to the east of the two former, and his moons may be seen with a glass of very moderate power; two large belts cross his disc about the centre; and it is seldom the planet is seen without them, although they undergo changes. UEUDSUATR ASSASSINATION.—On L hursilay evening week, one of the most deliberate acts of murder was per- petrated in Peacock-street, Newinglon, that has been committed in the metropolis for many years. As D. Fitzgerald, a libourer in the employ of Mr. Quennel, a builder, in Kennington-lane, aud a country mail of his, nacned Owen M'Carthy, were proceeding home after the labours of the. day, and" as they had turned into Peacock- street, they were met at lather a dark spot by a persou who came in front of them, and who, without the slightest parley or uttering a sentence, presented a pistol to the breast of Fitzgerald, and discharged its contents into his ho ly. M'Carthy was so affected with the sud- denness of the act and the flash of the powder into hi* f 1 v, that he became powerless for the moment, and the assassin would have escaped but for the promptitude of two gentlemen, named Cotton and Allum, who wit- nessing the murder, instantly pursued the murderer, who, on committing the act, took to his heels. On securing him, those gentlemen took him on to the police station- house in Kennington-lane, and gave him over to Loekyer, the gaoler. The prisoner all this time did not utter a syllabi aud was taken in'o 'be reserve room at the sta- tion. II a few minutes, i. liigence had reached the station that Fitzgerald w :e id, and that the poor mm had never uttered a sins e ^roau..Mr. Smith, a surgeon in the neighbourhood, was in immediate attendance, but the instant1 he saw :h:- deceased he pronounced him dead. On examining the body, lIe found that the ball had en- tered the IAt breast, pass :d •hvougii the hear!, and come out at the left side of the b-.ck, so that his death must have been instantaneous; and one of the policemen picked up the ball which had caused the fatal wound. The murderer, when the charge was about to be entered against him gave the name of Samuel Quennell, and it was then ascertained that he was brother to Mr. Quennell, the builder, and, as well as the deceased, had been em- ployed by him. A good sized pocket pistol that had just been discharged was found on his person. Before the charge was fully taken, Mr. Rutt, the inspector of the L division, arrived at the station-house, and having been made acquainted with its serious nature, and perceiving also that the prisoner had got a quantity of cording about him, as if intending to destroy himself, he gave peremp. tory orders that two men, with a light, should remain in the cell with him all night. On making inquiries as to the causes which led to so deliberate an act of murder, it appeared that, for some cause or other, the prisoner had been discharged from his employment by his brother on Saturday last, and conceiving that Fitzgerald had been the cause of his dismissal, he had been heard during the week to make use of the most violent threats towards him. Fitzgerald has left a wife and five children. rhe prisoner is an unmarried man. The prisoner was on Friday brought up before Mr. Henry at the Lambeth- street Police-Office, when the evidence of several wit. nesses were taken; and upon Mi. HeDry, enquiring if there was any-evidence to show that any feeling ot ill-will or malice existed on the part of the prisoner towards the deceased, Carter replied that the prisoner's brother could speak to some conversation between him and the pri- soner, which would go to prove this. Mr. Games, solicitor, here said that the brother was at present in a state of considerable excitement, and he had therefore to request his Worship would dispense with his evidence till a future day. Mr. Henry replied that, under the cir- cumstances, he should dispense with his presence till the next examination. The prisoner was remanded until Monday. The prisoner, who seemed a good deal affected, was then removed from the bar. He has since been committed. SECONDARIES' COURT.—GOING TO ICHABOE FOR GUANO.—The case of Woolley v. Smith, heard in this Court on Wednesday week, was to recover the sum of £ 2,080 under the following circumstances :-The plain- tiffs are shipowners, and the defendants chartered a vessel for freight with guano from Ichaboe, in July, 1844. On reaching the place, however, it was found that he could not obtain the guano, and went to another island, but was still unsuccessful; and after a delay of 95 days in consequence of there being 400 sail waiting for cargo, the supercargo ordered the vessel to go to St. John's) New Brunswick, where a light fieight was obtained the plaintiffs, as owners, now charged for the deficiency of freight, 470 tons, at the rate of 1:4 per ton, with 4!5 per day demurrages, and £ 64 for the passage of the super- cargo. Verdict for the plaintiff for the amount claimed £1,644 3s. 4d., after deducting freight from St. John's. WARLIKE PREPARATIONS.—We can state as a fact that a naval officer, high in command, has been privately engaged in taking measurements of the hirgesteamers under mail contract service with her. Majesty's Govern- ment, and with orders to report immediately to the Admiralty on their capability for carrying guns of the largest calibre. The large steamers formiug the fleet of the West India Royal Mail Company, also the vessels of the Peninsular and Oriental Company, together with the Great Britain and Great Western, are said to haT« been quietly but officially inspected. A naval officii well acquainted with the coast of America, has been sum- moned to London to give information to the Adrairalty. Such a combined force as these numerous and powerful ships would form, independent of the regular steamers of war, would be one of the strongest ever seen on the ocean. The West India Company's ships alone are 12 in number, and of about 1,200 tons burden each.- Liverpool Timts, THE WHIGS AND THE CORN LAWS.—Just as the famine-cry had ceased to tell upon the million, & the ap- prehension of scarcity had been dissipated by the proved abundance which is now known and admitted to exist, the \\higs—the "Constitutional Whigs"—have come to the aid of the League. Lord John Russell has written a long letter to his constituents,—the citizens of London —throwing overboard as absurd and uncalled for, all his former arguments in favour of a moderate fixed duty, and declaring himself in favour of immediate and total abolition. Lord Morpeth, too, by a singular coincidence, in a letter to the free-traders of Leeds, avows the very same opinions as his right trusty friend and late col- league, Lord John Russell. The Whig Radical journals are in a state of high excitement; on the strength of those two letteis they predict the doom" of the Corn Laws, and the retirement of Sir Robert Peel For ourselves, we see nothing in the matter, save a desperate and over-reaching attempt on the part of the Whigs, to regain office at any pi ice. They have desired their two most popular men to declare that they are ready to go the whole amount" with the League. What sane man ever doubted itl But the time has not yet arrived for Lord John Russell or Lord Morpeth again to hold the seals of office. The Corn Laws will last yet a short time longer. Sir Robert Peel will not resign -the cotton lords will not be masters—so long as the great Conser- vative party of this country continues true to those principles which have rendered Old England "the envy of surrounding nations and the admiration of the world." The Government has given a direct and peremptory refusal to increase the grant of £30,000 made for the repairs and alterations of Maynooth college. Several members of a family in London, named Lam- bert, have died suddenly from some unknown cause. The case has proved quite incomprehensible to the medi. cal faculty. GLASGOW PIG InoN TRADE, Nov. 23.—To-day, several thousand tons of pig iron could have been pur- chased at 75s. and we understand that one or two small transactions were made at this figure. The principal feature among the trade to-day was a general reluctance to buy for immediate cash, which shows that dealers do not look forward to any immediate improvement. A parcel of about 1000 tons might have been had for 72s. Gd. net, which we are not aware has been sold. Looking at the regular supply coming forward, and the general ap- pearance of trade, we cannot but fear a further decline. —Glasgow National. THE InoN TRADE.—Notwithstanding the increased consumption of iron which must arise from the carrying out our numerous railways, as well as fulfilling export orders, there has been, during the past week, a tendency to a decline wholly unaccountable; in Scotland particularly makers have been more inclined to sell, and some thou- sands of tons of pig-iron have changed hands at 75s. per ton; one parcel of 1000 tons was done at 72s. 6d., and we have heard of as low as 70s. having been accepted. Welsh has retained its price from 95s. to 110s., and rail- way bar has been obtaining £ 12 per ton; the consump- tion continues to be very large, while prices remain lower than those of the corresponding period of last year, which may, in a measure, be attributed to the absence of all transactions for delivery next year, which must materi- ally have increased the amount of business. In Stafford- shire and Wales generally, prices remain firm, and manu- factured iron keeps its position in the market, It is expected the works in operation will be unable to meet the demand, and in France, with the certainty that they must shortly import largely from England or elsewhere, prices are gradually advancing; railway iron is now selling in that country for from 1;;) 4 to E IC) per ton, and at that figure there is not sufficient to meet the demand. A. POPULAR USE FOR IRISH RAILWAYS.—A11 Irish patriot—one, we believe, of the most earnest and sincere -has discovered a popular use for Irish railways. When the iron and wood are laid down in England, English politicians, simple folks I think only how advantageous is the additional facility of transit. Railways are making England rich they are bringing the most distant parts of the globe within a few days' journey of each other; they are beginning to break down the restraints of des- potism—as witness the relaxations of the passport system j on the continent. We make them, and then we think of nothing more than the travelling -and the dividends. What is it that strikes the Irish politician as the popular use of a railway —the turning it into pikes! "Good hammered iron and wooden sleepers" are capital mate- rials for pikes. Railways may not only be travelled on, but pulled up c. First, then, every railway within five miles of Dublin could in one night be totally cut off from the interior of the country." No one could "desire a deadlier ambush than the banks of a deep cut- ting." This equals the promise of the conjuror re- corded by Swift, that he will let any gentleman" jump from a great height upon a board covered with pikes, and enjoy other facilities of self-mutilation. The editor so warms with his view of railway utility, that he begins to dream: imagines an ambush—the approach of a train with infantry—and piously exclaims to his supposititious band, "Now, in the h&ttrie of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost!—now—" Wonderful infatua- tion All this rhodomontade is because the Morning Herald talked of vindicating the" law": let that word sound in Ireland and its echo is rebellion. Ireland wants railways, is begging for them yet before they are laid down, a public instructor begins the ready talk of pulling them up. Ireland is poor, and desires to be wealthy yet the only dividend suggested to his mind is the railway itself. There seems to be no hope for Ireland until the people can be taught to know better than their "public instructors." THE PRICE OF DIAMONDS.—In consequence of the discovery of a very rich diamond mine in the province of ) Bahia, the supply of diamonds has been so greatly in- creased during the last year that the price has fallen 50 per cent., and is likely to fall still lower, so that tiie ladies will be enabled to indulge their taste for this kind of luxury with less damage to their liusb, ild, ,e purses than formerly.—Cheltenham Chronicle. FATAL EXPLOSION ATBISIIOPWEARMOUTH IRON WoRKS. —A dreadful explosion took place on Wednesday week, at the iron works belonging to Messrs. Cargill, Mounsev, and Co., in consequence of the explosion of a boiler con- nected with those extensive works, where between 700 -m l$00 men aie employed. The accident occurred when the greatest part of the workmen were absent at break- fast. Two boys and two men were killed. The damage to the works is estimated at about E toot). So terrific was th. )ia.t that some of the materials were blown to a distance of four or five hundred yards, and injured the engine upon the Hetton Coal Company's railway about half of the boiler was blown against" the Bishopwear- moutli Glass Works, belongins? to James Hartley, Esq., and the remainder were shivered to atoms. Five men and boys were wounded severely, but we are glad to hear that they are going on favourably, with the exception of a boy named Pearson, who had his scull fractured. A great number of labourers are busily employed clearing away the ruins occasioned by the explosion, with a view to the immediate restoration of the works. Railway speculation has had a victim at Huddersfield. Mr. Fell, a respectable chemist and druggist, having obtained many allotments in new lines, found that he had become responsible for a larger sum than his capital warranted this preyed upon his mind, and he destroyed himself by swallowing prussic acid. A curious illustration of the ejrcular theory of storms has been afforded by a circumstance recorded in the log of the Charles Heddle. For four days, from the 25th to the 28th of February in this year, she scudded round and round in a hurricane circle, during which time she ran upwards of 1,300 miles: and the direct distant made by her, from point to point, was only 354 mlles.-Falmoltth Packet. FOOT-RACE AGAINST TIME,—EXTRAORDINARY FEAT -The long expected match made by Mr. Bragg, the proprietor of the North Star Inn, at Slough, with ai, sporting character at Windsor, for a considerable amount, to produce a man, within the preseut year, who would' run eleven miles within an nour, came off Saturday after- noon, 011 the turnpike road near the King's Head, at Bedfont, between Staines and Hounslow. An immense number of persons from Windsor and London, and the neighbouring towns, were present to witness the match. The person, who was named by Mr. Bragg to perform this extraordinary feat was a celebrated runner named Maxfield, known as the Xorth Star." He had been in training for some weeks past at Slough; and appeared upon his arrival on toe giouuil to be in mosf A: ellent condition. His backers wanted the odds of 3 and 2 to l on time but from the previous character of the man's public performances, and the extraordinary speed and bottom he evinced in May last, whan he accomplished 20 miles in two hours, induced veiy few to lay out their money against him. Upon that occasion he performed the 20 miles in 1 hour, 58 mill., and 30 sec.! Saturday the match was performed over one mile of ground in which, of course, there were no less than 10 turns. This was considered to be rather to the disadvantage of the runner. The start took place between three and four o'clock, .Vlaxfield tn t his backers expressing full confi- dence of winning. The result was that "the North Star" gallantly won the match, but with only 17 seconds to spare. LIST OF NEW PATENTS, Nov., ISU.-Reginald Orton, of Villiers-street, Sunderland, surgeon, for improve- ments in life-boats, life-buoys, and apparatus for convey- ing persons ashore from wrecked or stranded vessels. —Robert William Brandon, of Low Gosforth, Nor- thumberland, Esq., for improvements in railways and railway carriages, for the security and convenience of the public. — Charles Henry Collins, of Lambeth, engineer, for improvements on atmospheric railways.—Thomas Forsyth, of Salford, Lancashire, engineer, for certain improvements in signals, or in the method of giving signals, which are applicable to the working of railways, and which are also applicable to maritime purposes and for certain other improvements in the working of railways.—Dalrymple Crawford, of Birmingham, Gent., for certain improved means of, or machinery for, arrest- ing the progress of railway carriages and trains.—John Solomon Bicktord, George Smith, and Thomas Davey, all ot Tuekingmill, Camborne, Cornwall, patent safety fuze manufacturers, for certain improvements ia manu- facturing the miner's safety fuze.—Bryan Donkin, of the Paragon, New Kent Road, civil engineer, for improve- ments on wheels as applicable to railway carriages, and oil the mechanical contrivances by which railway car- riages are made to cross from one line of rails on to another line, or on to what are generally called sidings.— George Hill Dutton, of Dutton-street, in the county of Middlesex, brewer, for certain improvements in convey- ing intelligence from one part of a railway train to another.—Christopher Vallx, of Brighton, Gent., for im- > provements in apparatus or machinery for preventing accidents to carriages and passengers on railways part-, of which improvements are applicable to save lives and property in other places. t A private letter from Moscow, in the Journal des ue.iats states that the Emperor of Russia had lately issued an order forbidding the masters of establishments in which work is carried on night a:id day from employ- ing children under the age of twelve years between mid- night and six o'clock in the morning, seeing that it is too severe a trial for that tender age. Any infringement of this order to be visited with severe punishment.

BANKRUPTS.—(From the London…

ipp i Ito ijJllgl Intelligence,

LONDON MARKETS. I

SMI1HFIELD MARKETS—MONDAY.…