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.... HINTS UPON GABDUCTING.…

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HINTS UPON GABDUCTING. • WITHIN the last ten or twelve years, the benefit of getting the roots of fruit-bearing trees in some de- gree under our command, by confining them near the surface, has begun to be appreciated; but even now that system is not by any means so generally followed as it ought to be. For the formation of fruit-tree borders, no general rule can be laid down which would be applicable to all cases; the practice must be regula- ted by the quality of the soil and by the nature of the sub-soil. That in which almost all kinds of fruit trees are the most productive and the most permanent, is what is called strong loam;" that is, loam rather inclining to a clayey than to a sandy texture. Perfect drainage is, however, essential in such soil, more especially if the under stratum is a stiff clay. To facilitate this, and to prevent the roots from penetra- ting into bad soil, a layer, six or eight inches thick, of stones, brick-bats, or other hard rubble, should be spread evenly over the bottom as trenching proceeds, observing particularly to make the bottom of the border quite smooth, and with a regular fall of six inches from the wall to the tile-drain, which must be laid along the front, a few inches below the bottom of the border, to carry off surplus water. The depth of soil should be governed by its texture and quality. Of suoh as is now treated of, two feet in medium depth will be amply sufficient for the support of any tree whatever. If of a more clayey nature, 15 inches at the wall, gradually deepening 6 inches to the front of the border, is a proper depth. In very light soil, a greater depth should be given, say 2ft. or 2ft. 6in. Where the subsoil is not wet, ner in any other way inimical to vegetation, the layer of rubble at the bottom may be dispensed with. As we would diminish the depth, so likewise we would increase the width of wall-borders. Some writers have advised them to be as wide as the wall is high; but this is a very objection- able rule. For a 12-feet wall (andfor permanent trees none ought to be lower) the border should be at least 18 feet wide; if 20, so much the better; but ia that case the necessary walk along the front might be made to pass over the prepared ground, so that the roots could extend beneath it. In all cases the surface of the border ought to be somewhat higher than the level of the walk, more or less according to circum- stances. When a garden is so unfortunately situated that thorough drainage is impracticable, the borders for the finer kinds of wall trees may with great advan- tage be elevated a foot or more above the general surface. It is scarcely necessary to observe, that no I stimulating manure should be mixed with the soil in which fruit trees are planted. If these hints, and those we have from time to time given upon plantiDg, be aoted upon, and the branches are allowed ample space to extend, there will be but little necessity for the now fashionable system of root-pruning. FORCING GARDEN.—Cucumbers: Be content with only moderate forcing at this season; but keep down thrips and red spider in houses heated with hot water I by maintaining a moist healthy atmosphere.—Pines: Plants intended for fruiting during the summer must now have careful attention. Let them have a steady bottom-heat, and a top-heat of about 65 degrees at night, allowing the thermometer to rise 10 or 15 degrees higher during the day time.—Vines: Examine fermenting material upon borders of the early house, in order that it does not get either too hot or too cold. Avoid a high temperature at night, and admit air freely in fine weather, using the side ventilators only when it is showery. HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN.-The preva- lence of rain lately will have made heavy land much too wet to be worked with advantage; it will, there- fore, be best to defer for a time all labour which involves the stirring of the soil. In the absence of other work, deciduous hedges might be trimmed, the prunings of fruit-trees collected and burnt, rotten leaves and dung for composts turned, stored roots .examined, &o. On wet days straw mats might be made.—Fruit trees: According as the weather is more or less favourable, the various operations of planting, pruning, nailing, or digging, amongst the smaller fruit trees should be forwarded. With regard to the latter work, the ground being lightly turned over, chiefly for the sake of neatness, and not for the purpose of cropping, it might be done when digging in other cases would be injudicious. Preserve cuttings for propagation of the best gooseberries and currants i. also suckers of raspberries to make new plantations.- Gardener's Chronicle. AGRICULTURE. THE provincial journals throughout England contain deplorable accounts of the ravages of the cattle dis- ease. In the neighbourhood of Lewes, Canterbury, Hemel Hempstead, Stafford, and York, the malady is reported to be on the increase. The accounts from Cambridgeshire are very unfavourable. In the parish of Wellingham alone upwards of 3GO head of stock have died or been slaughtered. Homoeopathic treat- ment, sanguinely pursued here at the outbreak, has been discontinued, it having proved an entire failure. Some individual cases mentioned by the journals are very distressing. Thus at Norwich during the week all the cows-fifteen in number—belonging to Mr. Thaoker, dairyman, have been carried off. The poor man was insured, but not in sufficient time, and no help, therefore, can be expected from the Cattle Plague Association. The cattle represented the whole of his life's savings. The farmers and dairymen residing in the village of Marston, who supply ia great measure the University and city of Oxford with milk and cream, are losing many of their best cows. THE arrangements for this year's metropolitan cattle show at the Agricultural-hall, Islington, have been fully completed. It is a remarkable fact that in no instance has a single entry which had been made in the cattle classes beellfwithdrawn on account of any animal having been seized with the epidemic. Monday was the first day for the reception of imple- ments and other articles to be exhibited. The great ball is devoted to the cattle and sheep classes, and by means of an improved arrangement with respect to the larger class of agricultural implements, the avenues for the public are widened, while a greater amount of space is afforded to the animals. The num- ber of entries for cattle at the Birmingham Show exhibits a large falling off in this respect, as com- pared with previous years, and is attributed to the stringent resolution adopted by the Smithfield Club, prohibiting the exhibition of any animai at the London show whieh had been exhibited at any other fat stock show in the country within a period of twenty-one days previously. The same resolution led to the entire abandonment of the Liverpool show, which necessarily brings to London all the best and most valuable stock in the northern and midland counties. Implements intended for exhibition, whether in the show-yard or in the arcade, were ordered to be in their places by three p.m. on Friday, after which, hour none were to be received; and the latest moment at which any eattle or live stock are to be allowed to enter the enclosure of the Agricultural-hall was fixed for ten p.m. on the evening of Saturday, De- cember 9. The stewards and judges were to com- mence their labours at nine o'clock on Monday morning, the 11th instant, and at two o'clock the same day, should the judges by that time have completed their awards, the public press, the members of the club, and such of the public as choose to pay an admission fee of five shillings, were to have the entree to the show yard. On Tuesday, the 12th, the show opens to the general public, at the ordinary charge of one shilling, and at one o'clock the annual meeting of the Smithfield Club will be held, with Earl Spencer, the president of the year, in the chair. On Wednesday the annual dinner of the club will take place; but much disappointment has been manifested that it "will not, as was intended, be held at the new hotel establishment connected especially with agricul- ture, namely, the Salisbury, in Salisbury-square, Fleet. street. The large space in the hotel occupied by the. Farmers' Club, and the demands already made for accommodation, as well as for public entertainments amongst the agricultural community visiting London during the Cattle Show week, have competed its managers to decline the Smithfield Club Cattle Shew dinner, and it will probably again be held, as usual, at the Freemasons'. The show will continue open on Wednesday and Thursday, finally closing on Thursday night instead of Friday, thus only affording three instead of four days as usual for the view of the general public. During the show, in addition to the supervision exer,cised by Mr. Brandreth Gibbs, thehon. secretary of the club, and Mr. Samuel Sidney, secretary to the Agricultural-hall Company, the stewards of the former, and Mr. John Claydon, the chairman, and the various directors of the latter, have formed themselves into a daily rota, to deal with any exigencies that may arise, it being naturally anticipated that the curtailment of the time allotted for the show this year will cause a more than ordinary crowd of visitors. Although amongst the list of entries the Prince of 1 Wales figures, as usual, very largely as an exhibitor, no intimation has yet been received of his intention to visit the show; but it is possible, should the Prince and Princess return to town from Sandringham prior to the 14th instant, his Royal Highness, if not the Princess, may do so. The noble president, and many of the noblemen and gentlemen connected with the club, think that such a visit would have the effect of producing a confidence in the public mind that there is no danger to be apprehended from what is called the rinderpest, so far as the Smithfield Cattle Show is concerned. Amongst other prominent con- tributors and eminent agriculturalists who have made entries of stock for the present year are the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Feversham, Lord Walsingham, Lord Berners, the Earl of Leicester, the Duke of Richmond, the Duke of Rutland, the Duke of Beaufort, Major- General the Hon. A. Hood, Lord Tredegar, Sir. J. Throgmorton, the Earl of Essex, Messrs. John Over. man, Thos. Greetham, Charles Barnett, and Samuel Druce.

SPORTS AND PASTIMES. .--+-

[No title]

THE COMING REFORM BILL. *

THE (MSB OF MADAME VALENTIN.

DESPERATE ATTEMPT TO MURDER.

SUNDAY OPENING OF MUSEUMS.

THE CHETWYND DIVORCE CASE…

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FACTS AND FACETI-Æ, .