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ATTEMPTED SUICIDE IN A POLICE…
ATTEMPTED SUICIDE IN A POLICE CELL. Edwin Worthy, a wood-cutter, was placed in the Wandsworth police dock, charged with being a luna- tic found wandering abroad, and also with attempting to commit suicide in a police cell. Poljce-oons table Clark said he was on duty on Thurs- day afternoon, at half-past three o'clock, in the Rich- mond-road, Putney, where he heard the prisoner sweat- ing, and throwing his arms about. He was in a. very excited state, and witness took him to the station Witness thought he was drunk at the time, as he had been drmidmr. Sergeant Dudley, the acting inspector, explained to the magistrate that the prisoner was known. He had been an inmate of the Surrey Lunatic Asylum, and was et out on a temporary order. He was, however, again removed to the asylum at the instance of the Hon. Mr. Wrottesley, one of the local magistrates, who took an interest in the case of the family. The prisoner, however, escaped, and having been away over fourteen da.ya, he i {th£ sergeant) understood the authorities would not receive him again without a fresh order. For the safety of himself and the public he thought it better to detain him. The prisoner, who spoke very rationally and not at ,all inawandering manner, said that he was glad to wl £ 1S ,^caPe> as he had a large family at home. Vvnenne did escape he was afraid to return home from rear of being taken again. Sergeant Dudley said the prisoner's wife informed him tliat, noman behaved better than her husband did when sober. Sergeant Keenan was sworn, and he said, at a quarter °ne o Ciook m the morning his attention was called to phe prisoner in the cell. He found a handkerchief twisted round his neck, and the prisoner pulling tightly at both ends. He was very excited, and exclaimed, "Oh, death! oh, death! rather than be this way." Witness took the handkerchief and everything away with which he could destroy himself. ° Mr. Dayman remanded the prisoner for a week for 3 report of his state of mind. Shortly afterwards Mr. Taylor, the relieving officer +•„ T1 ?/' and mentioned that the authori- ties at the asylum would receive the prisoner on the same order. j. then revoked his former decision, and aanaea the prisoner over to the relieving officer, and the prisoner was removed to the asylum.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE "…
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE LONG FIRM." An edvertisement offering for sale a cotton opener recently appeared in a Manchester journal. The ad- vertisers received in reply the following letter, which, as well as subsequent ones, we produce in the ori- fespoads — with whic!l the caligraphy cor- r» 10 stuart st near Wisran 9 Mo 16 65 ASMSas'fed?11 The advertisers sent the price and other particulars, and they received the following communication „ 10 stuart st near "Wigan 9 Mo 19 65. Respet friend,—thiiae to hand with. Drice of thv Prd-frm opener in reply thow May send the same by london & north w-^ Company to My order at tyldesley station near Wigan on the arrivel of same I will send thee a cheque for £ o0 0 0 by return-thine truly JOHN MAWDSLEY. The owners of the machine replied that their corres- pondent had better see it before it was sent off; and therejQinderwasas follows :— 10 Stuart st near Wigan 9 "Mo 21 65. time to reply 1 hum ver^ sor0y that i bave not wme to cum over as we are so very trassev at rmwnf- if a man to take the Machine down and will see the Machine sent to the station i will run the ch Me^of damage of it and. i will pay the Expense of taW tSe Machine down as 1 have not a man at libert at sresant lleasl let me know by return as i have another in vew that can be M^waStW* W gfet thy1allC3r.if thow thin!-s of send the tyldesley station and I^TeqTfofthy WSCC The advertisers, however, were not to be cl^ht bJ the request to send the machine to a station from which it might be removed beyond all possibility of uracmg it. One of them went over to Wigan, and he was not surprIsed to find, after receiving the above letters, that his correspondent was not to be seen. and was quite unknown.
THE EXTRAORDINARY DEATH OF…
THE EXTRAORDINARY DEATH OF A YOWNG LADY AT LEEDS. Adjourned Inquest. t On Wednesday an adjourned inquest was held at Leeds respecting the death of Harriet Matilda Firth aged twenty-one, who died on the 20th instant at Dr. Mayne's residence in Leeds, under circumstances which excited the suspicions of the deceased's re- latives. At the first inquiry, which took place on Friday last, it was stated that she had lived more than four years with Dr. Mayjie, having at first gone there as house- W 1QtfeJve months atter she was considered ^y Dr. Mayne to be uziiifc for hard work, and he hence- iOrth treatea her as a protegee, and finding she had a natural aoility for music be engaged professional masters to cultivate it. In April, 1863, he effected an insurance on her life to the amount of JE200. But Dr. Mayne deposed on Friaay that he had told her he did not suppose she would predecease him. and she might dispose of the policy as sha liked. Still Dr. Mayne thought the insurance would not cover by < £ 100 what he had expended upon her. The evidence of Friday went to show that while on a visit at Barnsley she had i,eaten so freely of blackberry pie as to bring on an attack of diarrhoea; on Monday, the 18th, Dr. Mayne fetched her home, and she died on Wednesday from excessive purging and vomiting. The first witness examined was Frederick Nathaniel Richardson, a pupil of Dr. Mayne's, who described the lines'^ of the dec&ased, and said on Monday and Tuesday night he sat up with her at her request. Mr. S. Smith, one of the oldest and most respect- able surgeons in Leeds, confirmed the opinion given on Fridav by Mr. Nunneley, that death had resulted from diarrhoea, fever, and sinking. The symptoms, in his opinion, were not consistent with any other cause of death. If death had been caused by any kind of poison there would have been indications of it. If an excessive dose of opium had been given there would have been that congestion of the vessels of the brain, which he did not find. He never saw a case of poison- ing which presented the same symptoms as this. So far as he had heard, he thought Dr. Mayne's treatment of the deceased was proper. Sarah Jane Firth, sister-in-law of the deceased, wag called upon by the coroner, and she Said the state- ment was false which Dr. Mayne made at the first hearing, to the effect that when he took deceased into his service she was destitute, and her friends would not assist her. Mrs. Firth said the family took deceased home and provided for her when she was quite destitute, and had a bad disease through having gone astray pre- viously. Mr. Blackburn here asked that Mr. Smith, the snr- geon, should be questioned [as to the deceased's vir- ginity, because the statement just made by Mrs. Firth was a libel which should not go uncontradicted. The jury, however, thought it was not within their province to inquire into that point. er Mr. Blackburn said he would not press the matter, as the attacks which had been made upon Dr. Mayne would in a few days be brought before another court. Some witnesses from Barnsley had promised to attend on behalf of Dr. Mayne, but they did not put in an appearance. The Coroner, in summing up, said it was due to all parties that this inquiry should take place, because, at first, undoubtedly the circumstances appeared to be of a peculiar and extraordinary character. The insurance of the deceased's life by Dr. Mayne was now explained but certainly the deceased ought to have been provided with a female attendant. During two nights, at all events., Dr. Mayne's pupil was her only attendant, and that was rather indelicate. It would have been better, and have looked better, had the deceased's mother been sent for; but, after all, there could be no doubt, from the medical evidence, that death had resulted from natural causes. The Jury returned a verdict accordingly. ♦ A clergyman of Meriden, Connecticut, it is said,
[No title]
preached last Sunday from the text, Adam, where are thou P" and divided his discourse into three parts first, all men are somewhere second, some are wher they ought not to be; and third, unless they mend their ways they will eventually find themselves where they'd rather iiot be,
TWO SHOPMEN CHARGED WITH STEAL-i…
TWO SHOPMEN CHARGED WITH STEAL-i ING JE300 WORTH OF THEIR MASTER'S] PROPERTY. George Haffell, aged twenty-five, of 78, Westmore- land-place, St. Luke's, and Thomas Short, aged twenty-five, of 15, Barnham-street, Borough, shop- men, were charged before Mr. D'Eyncourt, at Clerken- well, with stealing from the shop, 58, Goswell-street, St. Luke's, 100 coats, twenty vests, 100 pairs of trousers, and other property, of the value of £300, the property of Mr. James Gardner, their employer. Mr. James Gardner said he resided at 56 and 58, Goswell-road, and was a tailor and ready-made clothier. The prisoners were in his employ ag shop- men. For years he had beea missing large quantities of goods, and he had missed as many as 200 garments in one year. He apeke to the prisoner Short, who had been in his employ about seven years, and in whom he placed the greatest confidence, and asked him if he had any suspicion of what was going on. He said he did not suspect any one in the establishment, and that the goods must have been taken at different times from off the counters by the customers. He went -through the things that had been made this year, and missed about = £ 150 worth. He had seen some of the property stolen from his shop at a pawn- broker's. Mr. D'Eyncourt inquired if there was any proof that the prisoner had pawned or was privy to the pawning of the property ? Police-oonstable Hanger, 199 G, said that the woman with whom the prisoner Haffell had been cohabiting, and by whom he had had two children, had pawned the property, and had said where some more of it was pawned. Anne Palethorpe, a stylishly-dressed woman, who wore a hat, veil, and feather, and who had a large brooch, with the portrait of the prisoner Haffell on it, was then sworn, and stated that she had been living with the prisoner Haffell for some time. About three weeks since the prisoner Short gave me a coat to pawn. Mr. D Eyncourt: You are not bound to answer any questions that may tend to criminate yourself, for you may be charged as well as the prisoners; but if you answer a question you must do it truthfully. The witness continued, and said that she had fre- quently received coats and trowsera from the prisoner Short, and she had given him the money and the pawn- broker's duplicates. Sometimes she destroyed the duplicates. She had never received any of the pro- perty from the prisoner Haffell. The prisoner Short: You are putting it all on to me, when you know it is not true what you are stating. I do not deny that I know that Haffell used to give you property to pawn when you brought his dinner, and that I had half the money. The goods we"e not kept in my shop, so I could not have given the things to you. Let every dog have its due, for I never took a thing until Haffell came to the shop. Mr. D'Eyncourt pressed the witness as to how long she had been pawning the prosecutor's goods, and as to whether she had not given Haffell any of the money for which the goods were pawned. The witness, after some hesitation, said the robbery had been going on for some six months, and she al- ways received the goods when she took Haffell's dinner. She had sometimes given Haffell the money, and she had frequently destroyed the duplicates. Police-constable William Miller, 148 G, said he took Haffell into custody, and when he told him the charge, he said Short had had as much of the money as he had had. Short heard what was said, and he then said that he had had nothing to do with it. He had been watsh- ing both prisoners for some days. Police-constable George Eanger, 199: G, said he took Short into custody, and Short said I shall speak the truth, and make a clean breast of it. Haffell's wife- used to bring his dinner, and then he-used to give her,, the things to pledge, and when she returned I used to have half the money. The prisoners, who treated the mattarm a most cal- lous manner, said they should reserve their defence. Mr. D'Eyncourt remanded the prisoners for a week.
THE FENIAM MOVEMENT.
THE FENIAM MOVEMENT. Examination of the Prisoners. It having been understood that the- persons in custody on the charge of treasonable conspiracy" would be brought before Mr. Stronge at the Castle, Dublin, on Saturday, a large number at persons as- sembled in the neighbourhood of the Lower Castle Yard, and the head office-, at an early hour. The crowd, though large, was neither disorderly nor de- monstrative to any extent. Now and then a cheer, weak and almost singular, might be heard, but it was neither sustained nor did it appear to evoke any hearty response. The scene within the room in which the investigation took place — the room of the Commissioners of Police in the liower Castle Yard — did not present any special features. It was, no doubt, crowded to its uttermost capa. city; but the professional gentlemen instructed j in behalf of some of the accused—the representatives of the press—and the "authoiitiea" constituted the principal portion of the assemblage. Amongst those present were—-Mr. Wodehoasej private secretary to the Lord Lieutenant; Colonel Musters, and the-Bon. Colonel Colthurst. At half-paat twelve o'clock the prisoner whose cases were to be dealt with were brought into the yard in ene c-f the potiao vans, es- corted by five mounted constables. The prisoners brought before Mr. Stronge on this ocsaaioawere-Oeorge Hopper, merchant tailor, of Danae-strset; William Clarke, sub-editor of the Jrish People; Cornelius M. O'Keeffe, of Palmers ton-place, a. li-terate-ar;, Jeremiah O'Donavan Bosss, registered proprietor of the Irish People newspaper; O'Leauy, of the same paper; and James O'Connor, baok-kseper in the Iftislb People office. The law adviser, Charles B. Barry, QJJ., M¡.F' with Mr. Anderson, jun., for tho Crown solicitor,, appeared- for the Crown. Mr. Sidney, Q.C., with: Mii Edward! Ennis, solicitor, appeared for Laby, O'luaary, G.Dono- van Eossa, and O'Connor. Mr. Waters, instructed by Mr. Irvine, appeared for Mr; George Hopper. Mr. Wm. T. Rogers appeared for O'Keefe. Upon Mr. Stronge taking his seat,. Mr. Ennis said:: Before you commence the proeeedisgg, I am directed to ask per- mission for two ladies, one too wife, aad- the other the sister, of two of the prisoners, O'Donovan Rossa and, Mr. O'Leary, to attend the trial. Mr. Stronge: I am Sory sorry I oannet accede to that application. The room is barely sufficient for the accommodation of those who arc-concerned in the; cases. If I were to aceed-e to this application, I could not refuse the same far others. I am sorry to say I cannot accede to it. Mr. Barry then tendered the following evidence, for the Crown:— Pierce Nagle was the first witness called, and was accommodated with a, seat within, the inclosure of the bench. He looked exeeedingly and nervous, keeping his eyes fixed on the ground, and only raising them when called upon to identify the documents laid before him for identification, tie is a man about 34 years of age, about the middle height, features dark, and, though somewhat keavy" yet not unpreposses- sing. He seemed) altogether a person of quiet, unpre- tending mannezs, and of respectability more than common. Mr. Williams, chief clerk, proceeded to. read the first informations of the witness, which were substan- tially as follows :-He was born at Ballybo, near Clon- mel, and was educated by the Board of National Edu- cation. Lived in Power-house in 1859, and from that went to America in November, 1863. Seturned to. Ireland in January, 1884. The Fenian Society was then in existence in America. First became acquainted with the members of it in Clonmel, about the time of Mr. M'Manua'a funeraJ. A man named Ryan, in Clon- mel, first tol4 me of the society. Football meetings were held in Clonmel for Fenian purposes. Amongst those who were in the habit of attendingthese meetings was Denis Downing Mulcahy, formerly reader, but, subsequently sub-editor of the Irish People. He was then living with his father at Redmondstown, near Clonmel, but at present resides at No. 2, Merrion- terrace. I attended meetings at hia father's house in 1863 before I went to America. There were present at these meetings frequently a man named Power, and another named Kelly. Power, I subsequently learned, was James Stephens. He was known to the meetings as the head of all the Fenians, and was called captain. Heard he was involved in the rising of 1848. At these meetings there also attended at times a man named Fogarty, another named O'Neill, and Denis Downing Mulcahy. Eemembers hearing Stephens say at break- fast one morning, at Mulcahy's, that they were very backward in Clonmel. Stephens slept in Mulcahy's hcuse. When I went to America I obtained employment there in the establishment of Baylen and Son. Had a letter to Mr, John O'Mahony, 6, Centre-street, New York, the head centre of the Fenians. Saw a clerk in the office named Cavanagh, to whom I handed the letter. He brought it to an inside room, and a man came out who I ascertained was O'Mahony. He said America was a bad place to go to'look for a situation.: I was in the habit of calling on O'Mahony at his'office., I attended a meeting of Fenians. O'Mahony was not present, but the clerk Cavanagh acted as secretary. There were about forty present,nd the business con- sisted of reading several letters referring to the pro- gress of the movement. A collection was made previous to the meeting separating, for the pur- pose of promoting the objects of the Brother- hood. This was the only meeting I attended in New York. Went next to Pennsylvania, and then returned to Ireland. After residing some time iwithmyfather, came to Dublin, and called at the office of the Irish People. Saw a number of persons whom I did not know. Saw James O'Connor, Cornelius O'Mahony, and others. Some of them asked how things were going on in America. After some time got employ- ment at the building of John's-lane Chapel. After- wards became clerk of St. Laurence O'Toole's Church. Then got the situation, of folder at the Irish People office, my business being to forward the papers to the countrv agents, which I did in abundance. Be- came well acquainted with Jeremiah O'Donovan -the additional name of Rossa I believe to be assumed-Cornelius O'Mahony, Luby, Jas. O'Connor, book-keeper. From that time often saw Stephens, who frequently inquired how business was going on. I believe he had control of the paper, as when any- thing went wrong it was threatened to tell the captain. The first meeting I attended in Dublin was held at Phibsborough. Luby, Stephens, Roantree, and Mulcahy were present among others. Luby had an interview with Stephens privately, respecting some case that was being heard at the Cork Assizes. The next meeting I attended was hold at No. 68, Great Brunswick-street. It was expected previously that the captain would be there that night. A man named Kane, Luby, and Mulcahy, were amongst those present. Stephens came into the room, and with Mulcahy, Luby, and others had a private inter- view. Stephens told me at the meeting he wanted me to give up my situation in the church, in order that he might send me to the country. He wished that I should give a fortnight's notice that I might go to Clonmel. The next day I handed a note from Stephens to O'Mahony, who appointed a man named Fogarty to my place in the office. It appeared that nMsoh dis- sension existed among the brethren in Clonmel, and it was in connection with this matter I was to go there. The next meeting was held in the lodgings of a man named Flood, in Denzille-street. There were 9nly four present. Stephens was there, and after an in- terview with Power, he handed me £ 7 to pay my expenses to Clonmel. Power and I left the house together, and he said he had a, letter from Stephens which I was to read to the B's in Clonmel. B's in the Fenian language means sergeants. Saw Power next day, and he appeared stupid from the want of sleep or the effects of drink. Took the letter from him, and said he was not a proper person to be en- trusted with such a document Went to Clonmel axel read the letters before some of the B's. Amongst them was a man named Barke, at whose house we met Andrew Millar and others. Read the letter for them. Returned to Dublin after a few days, and saw Stephens at Flood's lodgings, in Denzille-street. While there O'Connor entered the room, and announced the-seizure of the paper. Stephens said it was only what he expected, and that the work would go on as usual. This was about seven o'clock, and at eleven o'clock I was arrested in Dame-street. While in the office of the IrishPe'ople I saw a man named Quirk, belonging to (Jarriok-on Suir, take a rifle out of it. These rifles were given for 25s. ea.ch to the brethren. I hava been for many years intimately acquainted with the objects of the Fenian Society. Had interviews with members in Clonmel, America, and Dublin. I know the object to be to overthrow the power of the Queen in this country, and to establish: a Republic. Large bodies of men were secretly drilled in connection with the brotherhood, and pikes, rifies, and every desoriptian of weapon were distributed amongst them. it was expected that several thousands of officers from the United States would come over to take com- ma.nd. In the neighbourhood of Clonmel there were at one time 800 men enrolled; Mr. George Archdeacon was agent in Liverpool for the sale of goods coming from the Feniaus at Chicago. He was also agent for the sale of the Irish People- newspaper.. I think I sent him about 290 a week for circulation. With regard to the oath of the Fenians, there is me one present but the person administering and the person taking it at &he time it is administered. It is in substance as follows:—That the person should be ready at a, moment's notice to take up arms, to be obe- dient' to their officers, and to be soldiers of liberty and the Irish Republic, now/virtually estab- lished. Any man who enrolled nine men was a C," or sergeant; any man who enrolled more was a B," or captain. The appointment of "A's" was under the control of Stephens. Monthly returns made by tba Bs to the "As, which were for- warded to tha Irish Peopl&cSiae. Money was collected by the" B's" and paid to the "A's" for the purposes of the organisation. About the time the Iriak Feople was established this ceasedÎ as money was. raised in America. The money was for revolutionary purposes. It was believed that from, five thou- sand to ten thousand were to land in Ireland from America, Some of them were to come to this country as pretended emigrants. I have heard that the plan to be adopted at the rising, was to take ad- vantage of the troops being sent te the- country and attack Dublin. James Stephens is head of the society in Ireland. Knew John O'Leary, the editor of the Irish Peoplft. Knew (/'Donovan Rossa, who was manager. Luby was sub-editor. Knew John Clohisey. jJames O'Callaghan, an assistant in the establishment of Messrs. Cannock and White (now Sir John Ar- nott's), is a Fenian. Knew James O'Connor and Cornelius O'Mahoney to be all implicated in the organ i- sation. Before I left America I was told that, did I run short of money on arriving m Cork, to go to Mr. Geary. I called upon him, and he gave me a pound. William F. Roantree is also a Fenian, and was present at the meeting held in Flood's house, Denzille-street- The brethren avoid, as much as possible, writing through the post. They always send their letters by a mes- senger, lest they should fall into the hands of the authorities, and they are always- written in a vague manner. I remember bringing a letter from O'Mahony to O'Callaghan. It was directing him to attend a meeting*. Pisiice Nagi^e. Dated September 21,1865. Mr. Barry said the Crown had just received, by the American mail, another communication, signed by the same Michael Cavanagh, enclosing a bill of ex@hange for < £ 1,408 6s. 2d; That letter was addressed to Mr. George Hopper, Dame-street, Dublin, Ireland." Within the last fortnight nearly £ 5,000 had been re- ceived by the Brotherhood in this country. • The informant identified the letter produced as one which he took from Power, which bore date the 8th. j ult. Evidence of a similar character was introduced to identify all the. prisoners with the conspiracy, and on Monday further evidence was given to prove that the manufacture of pikes in Dublin had been carried on extensively for the last four months and until a few days before the seizure of the Irish Pu&ple nightly meetings of the brotherhood had been held for the purpose of drill. It was also shown that the prisoners were connected with these proceedings. O'Donovan, Luby, O'Keefe, and O'Leary were committed for trial on the charge of high treason. The prisoner Hopper was again remanded, the case against him not being complete. The Dublin Express says;—" Our provincial corres- pondents and the local journals continue to furnish evidence of the spread of Fenianism in tho country. Some further arrests have been made in various locali- ties. In the county of Tipperary, which was recently supposed to be so quiet as to justify the withdrawal of the proclamations against it, a most lawless and refrao. tory spirit has shown itself. This was manifested in a. dangerous form at Cashel races, where the constabu- lary were fiercely assailed with stones, and Fenian cries were heard on all sides. To the same cause may be referred the waylaying and murder @f Mr. Philips, a magistrate of the county, on Thursday last." Our Liverpool correspondent writes that it has transpired that, at various intervals, until the recent arrests, warlike stores and ammunition were being dispatched from Liverpool and stored in the neigh- bourhood of Athlone and Drogheda. It also appears that when the arrests were made delegates were at once dispatched to America from Belfast, Carrick. fergus, Dundalk, Drogheda, Dublin, Cork, and Liver- pool, to apprise the American centres Of the pre- mature explosion of the plans of the Brotherhood in bhis country.
WHAT WE EAT AND DRINK.1
WHAT WE EAT AND DRINK. 1 In an article on the adulteration of food a contem- porary says:—Annexed year by year to the Inland Revenue Report comes a communication from the Principal of the Laboratory which tells some little of the story of the adulteration of articles of food. It is a chapter of the history of invention and adroitness in the acquisition of wealth by fraud. Perhaps no article subject to revenue duties is more "sophisticated" than pepper. It may be mixed with its own weight of almost worthless ingredients without being rendered unsaleable on the score of want of pungency. The following case, whieh has occurred in the past financial year, shows the cautious manner in which adulterated pepper is passed into consumption through the agency of the retailers. A supervisor in a remote part of Scot- land purchased from a retailer a sample of pepper which appeared to him to be adulterated. After expressing his doubts to the trader (a woman) as to the genuineness of the article, she replied that her opinion was that it was "not what it ought ta be." She also gave the name of the dealer in Glasgow who supplied the article, and produced the invoice, in which this so-called pepper was described, no doubt with a vie w to escape the con- sequences of detection, as capsicum," ,which ia a legitimate article of commerce. At the same time she mentioned the name of another retailer in the neigh- bourhood who was supplied by the same dealer, and on visiting his premises the supervisor made another purchase. Of those samples the first was found to con- sist of 25 per eent. of gypaum, the rest being mustard husks and a little cereal starch, and, though a ;good imitation of pepper, it did not contain a trace of that article. The second sample consisted of 16 per cent. of gypsum, 44 per cent. of mustard husks, a little cereal starch, and the rest pepper. Coffee is another article much adulterated. There are good reasons for believing that it is now being extensively sold mixed with largo proportions of burnt sugar or cara- mel, a substance of comparatively little value, but one which enables the -dealers to command a higher price for coffee containing it than they could obtain for the coffee alone, some of them selling the mixture at even 2s. per lb. Measures are being taken for the suppression of this fraud. The meat usual mode of adulterating beer, and one which, says the Principal of the Inland Revenue Laboratory, there are good grounds for believing is very generally practised by the publicans in London, is to add water to the beverage, the injury to the fulness or "body of the article arising from, this dilution being repaired by the introduction of sugar, treacle, or other saccharine matter-a. description of fraud the commission of which cannot, in the present state of chemical knowledge, be satisfactorily proved by analysis. Within the past year 31 samples of beer and of materials used by brewers were examined, and of these 23 were found to be illicit. In 13 instances grainy of paradise had been used, and in one that drug in conjunction with coriander seeds; in four coriander seeds alone, and in one those seeds with a large proportion of white mustard seeds; two samples contained sweet flag (calamus aromaticus), and another sulphate of iron. The stringent measures adopted by the Customs to prevent the importation of simulated wines are still continued, and 182 samples have within the year been examined, of which 102 were found to be composed chiefly of factitious wine, while nearly the whole of the remaining 80 were of very low value, and although genuine wine predomi- nated more or less in their composition, they still contained considerable proportions of spurious wine. There can be no doubt but that these made-up liqaiflB wo*»ia have passed into consumption either perse as sherry, or mixed witil genuiu. w w I. 02. gt\ many adulterations it is satisfactory to learn that in the educational branch of the laboratory 59 students have now passed through a course of education in chymistry, forming a valuable reserve from which officers may be selected for the Inland Revenue ser- vice, and 170 examiners have received a month's in- struction in the modes of detecting adulteration.
THE DANGER OF BAD COMPANY.
THE DANGER OF BAD COMPANY. Cruel Robbery. Mary Ann Bennett, a moat notorious thief, and: well-known in the east of London by the inelegant soubriquet- of "Cast Iron Poll," was brought before the magistrate at Thames-street, charged with stealing .£1710s. in gold from a poor woman, named Mary Ann. Marshall, of No. 3, Hainswell-terrace, New-road; Hammersmith. The prosecutrix is the wife of a sailor, and a very industrious woman. Her husband had left her his- half-pay allotment note, aRd she-has been receiving her monthly money and hoarding it; but, instead of investing; it in a savings' bank, where- it would have been safe and accumulating at interest, she carried it in her pocket, and never went away from home with. out her gold. On Tuesday night last she was in a. public. hous-e. in Well street, opposite the Sailors' Home, and looking at a man playing a concertina,, when two girls of light repute asked her to treat them with liquor, and she did sot Her refusal to do so' a- second time brought upon her their hostility, and; they struck her. She returned the- blows and fought with them. The prisoner interfered on behalf of the prosecutrix, andtook her home to that infamous place, Bluegate Fields, which has become proverbisi-L for robberies and outrages. There were other women in the room to which. the, prosecutrix was introduced. They all asked her for drink, and whez it was brought into, the room a glass of what appeared to be gin was given to Marshall, and she drank it. She had no sooner- done so than she felt very ill and stupid," and threw herself on, a bed. Her pocket, con- taining J1S710&. in gold, was immediately cut from her dress by the prisoner. She knew all that the infamous woman was doing, but was unable to resist her. The money was wrapped up in a white handkerchief with a green border to it. Mrs. Marshall was taken into the street again and left there- by the prisoner. She went' into, a public-house and! partook of a bottle of ginger-beer, which revived her, and meeting with a sympathetic woman, to whom sbe relatedi that she had been plundered of her gold, and had. no means of reaching Hammersmith, she was sheltered by her all night, and next morning tbe, case was put in the hands of the police. The prisoner was captured] on Thursday, and it was proved that she had made several expensive purchases sinoe the robbery. Nathan Jones, 213 K, said that the prisoner was a most desperate character, and known by the name of Cast Iron Poll." William. Walker, police-constable 488 K, produced a large and showy new dress and crinoline, which she had purchased since the robbery. He also put on the witness-box a pair of handsome new Balmoral boots with military heels. Prisoner: I have had those boots a week or more. The police made me walk here without boota. The prisoner was remanded for a week, and pro- vided with a pair of very old boots for her feet instead of the new ones which she had only worn a few hours.
AN ACTION AGAINST THE ROTHSCHILDS.
AN ACTION AGAINST THE ROTHS- CHILDS. A singular case came before the Civil Tribunal of the Seine a few days ago. MM. Levy and Finger, oil and colour merchants, of Paris, brought an action against MM. de Rothschild, bankers, under the follow- ing circumstances The plaintiffs have extensive dealings with Messrs. Mander Brothers, varnish-manu- facturers at Wolverhampton, being the sole agents for the sale of their varnishes in France, and conse- quently have frequently large sums to remit to Eng- land. In June last the plaintiffs sent to Messrs. Manders a bill of exchange for < £ 1,189 7s. (29,734fr.). made payable on the 4th of August at the bank- ing house of MM. Rothschild of London. Oil the 1st of August, the plaintiffs paid the above sum, with 327tr._ commission, into the hands of MM. de ItothscHild of Paris, to be transmitted to their house in London; but when the bill was presented on the 4th, and again on the 6th of August, the Messrs. de Rothschild of London refused the payment on the ground that they had not been advised. The bill was consequently protested. The plaintiffs, on being apprised of that fact, communicated with the MM. de Rothschilds of Paris, who replied in a letter, frankly acknowledging that, by an oversight, they had omitted to advise their London correspondents that the money had been paid into their hands. They also addressed a letter to the same effect to Messrs. Mander Brothers, and expressed the hope that those explana- tions would prevent any prejudice to the commercial reputation of MM. Levy and Finger. The latter, however, did not think this sufficient reparation, and demanded that an advertisement, explainingthecause ot their bill being protested, should be inserted in nrtJO Buglloli -cwxvci two .Pwonoli nnnvnalo "\T\T f\ch Rothschild, thinking the explanations already given were all that could be reasonably required, declined to accede to that demand. The present action was in consequence brought to enforce it. The counsel for the defendants, however, pleaded that, as the case was purely a commercial one; it ought to be tried by the Tribunal of Commerce, and that the Civil Tribunal was incompetent. After hearing the Advocat-Impérial, who took the same view of the law as the defendants' counsel, the Tribunal gave a judgment declaring itself incompetent, and leaving: the plaintiffs to theinemedy in the proper court.
OPENING OF THE PORTUGUESE…
OPENING OF THE PORTUGUESE ILY- TERN A TIONA L EXHIBITION. The opening of the International Exhibition at Oporto has been inaugurated. The King replied as follows to the address of Senhor Antonio Braga, President of the Central' Committee of the under- taking "Among you, illustrious Portuguese, none may doubt of our progress, none may fear that it is slow and indefinite. Nations fall from their splendour by the, errors of men or natural calamities; but it is also certain that they rise gloriously to the resonant voice of patriotism and liberty, and with the same rapidity with which they were cast down are they impelled towards prosperity, if with good faith and firm steps they enter upon the path of reforms, the sole course by which the moral and physical regeneration of peoples can be effected. This movement, once commended, becomes a. necessity of such magnitude and urgency .that no benefit remains circumscribed by the area.traced out by its author. "Thus Portugal, after a, long period of misfortune, which caused her to lose the prestige of her past greatness, has now, Providence be thanked entered upon a new epoch of efforts and enterprises, which, encouraged and fortified by peace and liberty will assure to her, in a brief future, the place which she once occupied among the most cultivated and fortu- nate nations. "The first International Exhibition which took place in the capital of the commercial world was followed by that of Paris, and such is the power and influence of the progress of humanity that in little more than ten years a city of the second order in a,. country hitherto considered to be a century behind most nations, gathers to her bay for your honour the manufactures of both worlds and the wonders of art and intelligence. This spectacle is then a great glory for Portugal, and a well-founded hope for the future. Arduous was the mission of my honoured grandfather in implant- ing the liberal institutions we now enjoy, and arduous also the task of my august brother evangelising and exalting among us the sublime idea of the supremacy and glorification of labour. Such facts cannot be forgotten, and your allusion to them at once affects and gratifies me. Invited by you to assume the Presidency of the Crystal Palace, and later to give an impetus, as you express it, to the development of the Exhibition I acceded with the greatest pleasure, recognising all the importance of the undertaking. "The spirit of the age, the example of my brother, and the love I bear to my country and my subjects, will lead me to embrace and seoond with all my endea- Tours this generous and highly civilising idea, whose realisation will give to our country much higher con- sideration among foreign nations, and will increase our own self-respect, thus raising public spirit to the height from which naturally and spontaneously spring patriotic actions. This contest of labour, this truly national festival, is so striking a proof that we are advancing on the path of progress, it opens up to the national industry so many improvements, and promises such various advantages to the country, that I feel real pride that this great event should take place as a happy presage at the commencement of my reign. My honoured father, the enlightened President of the Exhibition, accepted and undertook in the manner so pleasing a charge. His august name, a-5 you well presumed, immediately secured the public sympathy for this great work. The most distinguished artists, and the most intelligent and industrious na- tions hastened to respond to our invitation. No na- tion, however powerful and advanced, disdained to come and take their place among the laborious Portu- guese. Honour to them for this, as it is to us a mo- ive of gratitude. To the wishes you express for my happiness, that of my beloved consort, the Prince my august father, Infante Dom Augusto, and the Royal family, I re- spond with the most fervent wishes for the greatness cradle^ 6 oountry which has been cu™ ♦ — The Rev. W. R. Dawes concludes that the ruddy
[No title]
tint of the planet Mars does not arise from any pecu- liarity of the colour of its atmosphere, as the redness is most apparent in the centre, where the atmosphere is thinnest; and it is suggested that it arises from the colour of the soil. If it were Venus instead of Mars, we might account for it on modern principle of. fashion, namely, that it rouged.
RETURNED CONVICTS IN THE CHARACTER…
RETURNED CONVICTS IN THE CHARAC- TER OF DETECTIVES. William Davis, who described himself as a photo- grapher, and William Mitchell, as a costermonger, both of them well dressed, were charged with unlaw- fully representing themselves as detective officers of the Metropolitan police, and with fraudulently obtaining the sum of 10s. from Mrs. Julia Heiht, of 9, Grosvenor-road, Highbury New-park. The Complainant stated that, on the morning of Tuesday last, the prisoner Davis called at her residence, and stated that he was a detective police-officer from. the Islington police-station; that he had heard the evening before that she had lost her dog that he knew the party who had stolen it, and that he was there to ascertain the full description of the dog, but added that he was certain the one he spoke of was the right one. After some conversation he asked to see the offices below, and he was shown them. She (witness) bad offered 10s. reward for the recovery of the dog, and the prisoner showed her one of the handbills containing the description of the missing dog. After some delay he said there was a cab wait- ing for her if she would go with him'to identify the dog, and she did go with him to the Hackney-road. She gave him 10s. to get the dog, and when in the Hackney-road the prisoner told her to wait at the corner of a street and he would fetch the dog, and he also said that it was necessary for her to stay there, as if the thief was to see her with him he would either make his escape or might kill the dog. He did not return, and she then communicated with the police, who told her she had been deceived. She thought his statements were correct because he was so well dressed, and it was because he represented himself as a con- stafete that she gave feiaathe money., The prisoner told her that the dog had been stolen, so that the thieves might get into her house, but she was afraid that the prisoner was the person who wanted to rob it, as he looked well over the lower part of it. iFerr' serJa»t to the last witness, said she opened the door to the prisoner Davis, who asked to see either the master or mistress. He saw the previous witness, and said that he was a detective from the Islingtonpolice station, that he had come respecting our_ dog^that was stolen, and that the intention of the g the dog was- that they might with ease rob the_ house. He asked to go downstairs to look at the faatemHgs of the house, and believing he was a police-constable he was allowed to do so Police-con stable Dudley, 488 N, said he saw the ETf, °!?the.r ln Pent0^ille. He told Davis he should take him into custody for representing himself ftrn! able' • He said that it; was a11 «ght, ?t<:T Pnsokw could not help what he did, and that he knew nothing at all about it. Both the prisoners were returned ,;0n%i0ts. Police-constable Lewes, 365 N, said he saw the pri- soners together m Highbury on the day in question, and heard them ask for No. 9, Grosvenor-road, High- bury New-park. Shortly after that Mitchell left Davis, and then Davis asked him the way, and he showed him. He (witness) afterwards passed the door, and saw the prisoner Davis speaking to the witness Kerr. The prisoner went into the house. He (witness) waited about for a quarter of an hour, and finding the prisoner did not come out thought it was all right and went away. The prisoner Mitchell denied that he knew anything of the ease, and Davis said he should reserve his defenee. The Magistrate discharged Mitchell, and remanded Davis until Wednesday next.