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■r O "W IT TALK.
■r O "W IT TALK. BY CUE LONDON COREESPOXDENT. Our readers urlU understand, that we do not hold ourselves responsible for our able correspondcntf s opinions. DEATH continues to be busy with notabilities Charles Pearson, the City solicitor, and the Earl of Ellesmere have both died since my last letter- Charles Pearson in his sixty-eighth year, after a lousy, chequered life. He was a man of genial manners and remarkable talents. He was educated as an attorney, and had good prospects but when at full man's estate gave way to dissipation to such an extent that he reduced himself almost to destitution, was without credit, money, clothes, character, and separated from his accomplished wife. But he was not without friends and strong resolu- tions. He did reform he did recover himself, and, with characteristic eccentricity, celebrated his reunion with his admirable wife by sending out wedding cards. From that time he maintained and improved his position, although he never at- tained anything like the public place that a man of higher ambition and more prudence with even inferior talents would have done. He early became the faithful, zealous, and obedient servant of the Corporation of London, and the corpora- tion and the citizens were not ungrateful. They gave him one good berth after another, and per- mitted him, in some respects, extraordinary liberties. Yet there was always something piti- ful in seeing the obsequiousness of this gifted but :needy man to people, his inferiors in every- thing except their talent for accumulating pounds, shillings, and pence. They allowed him, while City solicitor, to become M.P. for Lambeth, in order that he might develop in the House of Commons his ingenious theory for the reformation of criminals-a theory be lectured into notice. They allowed him to be mixed up with the Central Gas Company, and make out of it, in an odd sort of way, a good many thousand pounds. They backed him up heartily in his promo- tion of the Underground Railway, and allowed themselves to be talked and lectured into a very great job for the benefit of Charley Pearson, but also a very fortunate and useful work for the metropolis and for England. That the Corporation of London should go into partnership or take shares in a Railway Company was contrary to all sound precedents, but there were excellent reasons for the exception. The irregular course alone made safe the execution of an undertaking, which was not only in the highest degree useful to the public, .but a means of making unsaleable corporation property valuable. These considerations, it is to be presumed, covered the oddity, to say the least, of the City Solicitor receiving a heavy payment, present and future, for his services as promoter. Charles Pearson had in him the making of a first-rate deplo- matist or a great lawyer, if he had not belonged to the inferior branch of the profession. Had he been as prudent as the late James Wilson, or the present Robert Lowe or Samuel Laing, he might have forced his way into tlio Cabinet. But, like Thomas Wakley and the present Daniel Whittle Harvey, he compounded for an income abilities and powers of oratory that would have made some men the most envied and respected of alder- men. The Earl of Ellesmere was only remarkable as '1. the amiable representative of a great and wealthy family, which has used its wealth nobly for at least three generations. An anecdote, characteristic of the Premier's decision and vigour, came to my knowledge the other day. A deputation waited upon Lord Palmerston to ask his good offices with our ambas- sador at Turin, to obtain acces3 to the wounded hero Garibaldi for the English surgeon Par- tridge. Before the spokesman had finished his statement, his lordship had written out a message to Sir James Hudson, and reading it, said, I will send this off, this telegram, immediately." So saying he rang the bell, and it was done. What a contrast to the many who never dare accept any responsibility they can by any means avoid! The Thames Embankment on the north side has been commenced in earnest, and the same commissioners have also reported in favour of an embankment from the south side of Westminster. bridge to Battersea-park, leaving the slice between Blackfriars and the city until there is more money or more public spirit available for such a purpose. Z. Z.
OUTLINES OF THE WEEK. *
OUTLINES OF THE WEEK. TUB important question of, Where shall we get cotton, or how shall we find a substitute ? is now filling every mind. Everybody seems to be aware that with an ade- quate amount of capital and time, India, Algeria, the West Indies, or indeed any other tropical country, would produce as much and as good cotton as the Southern States of America. Various plants may also be found, which, if submitted to necessary processes, chemical and mechanical, would also supply a substitute for cotton. But it is not the bare practicability of producing the article which is snfficient. The question of cost is one of the most essential points to be ascertained, and this appears to have been overlooked by the discoverers of hew fabrics. A few days ago we had introduced to us the discovery of Mr. Ferrar Fenton. This was a mix- ture of Indian grass, ordinary flax, and coarse Russian flax, and, although not equal to cotton or woo], it approached nearer than might have been expected; no correct calculation was, however, made of the expense of manufacturing it, though practical men have declared it profitless. But another discoverer, Mr. Harben, in the course of last week, submitted to the Manchester Cham- ber of Commerce his substitute for cotton, which appears more feasible than any before introduced. The fibre is obtained from the common grass wrack, or sea-weed— an article which has been long used by upholsterers for stuffing mattresses, aid is known by the scientific name of zostera marina. The meeting of the Chamber before which toe matter was laid comprised men who perhaps possess the completest knowledge of the question in its mechanical and financial bearings that is to be found anywhere. We cannot doubt that these gentlemen gave close, intelligent, and deeply interested attention to the exposition of the discovery, which was offered gratuitously by Mr. Harben but we think that thE public ought to have better information upon the a subject than the resolution the Chamber passed con- veys. The opioion emitted is quite provisional and ambiguous, and leaves the ultimate decision upon it open. The resolution was as follows :—Resolved,—That this committee have heard with much interest the state- ment of Mr. Harben, and have examined the samples and specimens of plants and fibres submitted. This committee not having been asked for any decision on the merits of this discovery, do not express any opinion in its favour or otherwise; and Mr. Harben having expressed his wish, without reference to any pecuniary advantage to himself, that the discovery should be given to the world with a view to chemists, manu- facturers, and machinists seeking out the best mode of making it available for the general interests of the trade this committee acknowledges the disinterested conduct and candour with which Mr. Harben has communicated I his discovery and views. I POLITICS in England are quite at a discount; during I the vacation the leading members of the House of Com- mons are "starring it" about the provinces Palmer- ston, in his fine after-dinner speeches, assuming an affability and courteousness that is not altogether genuine. Gladstone, addressing his friends, dives far I into classical lore, craws parallels from early history, and carries away his audience by a wonderful flow of eloquence without once pointing to a fact, or assuming to employ his mind on that which will ameliorate the condition of his fellow-man. Newdegate is penitent and apologises for the last do-nothing session, excusing it on the ground of sympathy in the Queen's bereave- ment, but promises great things for the future. For ^hese things we were prepared-such things are custom- ary but we were not prepared to hear Benjamin Disraeli assume the amiable a speech from such a man without a particle of sarcasm is certainly a treat, and one we never expected from him. He pitied Brother Jonathan, but was too amiable to say anything to hurt his feelings indeed, the farmers at Buckingham must have thought their knight of the shire a very gem. We shall see, however, when Parliament meets whether his amiability has any enduring quality. BUT, turning from England to other countries, we have from time to time pointed to the various struggles that are taking place for freedom. We rejoice in the grow- ing prosperity of the free coloured republic of Liberia we were glad to see the serfs in Russia demanding further liberties the glorious struggle for freedom in Italy has always claimed our respect, and even the semi-dependent principality of Servia we have admired for their boldness in protecting themselves from the despotic power of Turkey. And, at the present moment, a great struggle is going on in Prussia to ob- tain the independence of the people. Our readers know that the King of Prussia's theory of the constitu- tion is, that it is his duty to consult the representatives of the people, but not his duty to take their advice, which he adopts or rejects on his own responsibility. Thus important measures have oftentimes been rejected by the crown that have been thought advisable by the representatives of the people. The king, however, has latterly, under pretext of a disturbed Europe, deter- mined to put the army on a war footing, his power resting entirely in the army. The commissioned officers are almost all taken from the aristocratic ranks, and the non-commissioned officers who are yet more im- portant in all cases of quarrel between the Prussian public and the Government, are carefully selected from amongst the perrnanen soldiers, instead of from that much larger class which serves only from two to three years, and then returns to civilian occupations. Well, to increase his army it Is necessary for the King to nave nu iu- creased gTant of money. Now the Lower Chamber is admitted to have, under certain modifications, the right of voting the taxes the modification being this—that if the Chambers do not vote the taxes in any year, the Government has, under the constitution, the right to collect the same taxes which were voted in the previous year, but no more. On the dissolution, the new Parlia- ment was expressly charged by its constituents to t reduce the military budget to the old peace footing, and, 0 of course, not to assent to any fartber additions. In t the meantime, the Government has been spending for- I the current year at the same rate as for the special j previous years, and now comes the sanction of the t Chamber. The Chamber replies very forcibly that it is only willing to give that sanction on two conditions—1. t That the unjustifiable nature of the interior expendi- ] ture should be fully acknowledged, and 2nd, that the period of actual service in the army, which has been j extended by the Government from two. to three years on the theory of a war footing, should be reduced by law to two years—a change which would, in fact, reduce the army considerably, and also, by insuring a more rapid circulation of the popular element through, it, still more seriously reduce its political value as an instrument in reactionary hands. It is on this subject, then, that the great lebate of the last week has been raging. An elaborate report of the committee of the lower House on the whole question of the military budget was adopted by 273 against 68 votes in a very full house. The Government, in further explanation, do not appear to satisfy the chamber. So the matter at present rests- the Chamber firm in its demand of a. practical control over the army the Government anxious to temporise, I yet still quite unable to give way. We trust, for the sake of peace and order, that the immediate victory may I rest with the party with which it is evident the ultimate victory must rest. I IF the French political organs are to be credited, France is to have an opportunity of withdrawing from Rome, the Ratazzi ministry having in contemplation a series of measures which will place the Emperor in a I position to evacuate the capital. Two bills are to be I passed-one giving the right to every Roman citizen to the position of a subject of the King of Italy, the other qualifying them for the Chamber of Deputies. Unless there is something more to be done than this, it is not I quite clear how the desired opportunity will be given. We shall, however, rejoice in any measures that may make the people free, and leave the country in peace. I THE new coroner for Middlesex, in a charge to a jury, stated that on an average he held one inquest per day on infants that had come to their deaths by foul means, and this statement was at once taken up and made the theme of general discussion. All that has at present been accomplished by the investigation is to elicit the fact that infanticide prevails to an extent that is quite alarming but following close upon the dis- covery of the evil, have come innumerable suggestions for its remedy. But no remedy will be found until the tastes of the day are charged; until society will scorn those who form connections i unrecognised by the law, and unblessed by the Church until the youth is taught to shun those who have a love of luxury and a taste for expensive pleasures, for these assuredly lead from folly to vice, and from vice to crime, and culminate in evils of which infanticide is, per. haps, not the greatest, but the most lamentable. Many a sorry sight is to Le seen in London thoroughfares Misery in its grimmest form rubs shoulders with opu- lence and ease. Bright lights in the windows of the stately mansion tetoken revelry within, while crouching upon the door-step the pining pauper starves. Tattered mendicants are groping in the gutter for refuse scraps of food, as the luxurious carriage of the millionnaire rolls by. These things are melancholy to look upon, but there is one spectacle, and that among the commonest, which is yet more thrilling in its sadness. Walk through the streets after night-fall and glance at the haggard wrecks of what was once the masterpiece of God. Mark the hollow laugh, in which there is no gladness; mark the fictitious smile, in which sparkles no gleam of joy. The outcast may flaunter in finery or shiver in rags, but the skilful physiognomist will read the same secret written on her countenance, whether she be robed in satin or laces, or huddled up in wretched raiment. There is no happiness in those faces light as may be the words they utter, their voices have in them nothing of the ring of genuine mirth. Poor creatures how should they be otherwise than wretched ? Victims to man's vile passions, they have been lured into a position where they are alternately the toys of his leisure and the objects of his contempt. For them there exist no charms of home, no delights of affectionate communion with kindred natures. They have sur- rendered all that makes existence precious, and life has become to them a dreary blank, save when they plunge themselves into a momentary delirium of intoxication. It is only a few days ago since a person, professing to be a gentleman, paraded his profligacy openly; introduced a poor fallen creature to his friend, as if proud of obtaining a conquest, and at length stole her earnings to spend in the society of others. It is such persons as these that cause infanticide, and until society despises such members the crime will continue, not only in London, but in the country.
EXTRAORDINARY DESCENT OF A…
EXTRAORDINARY DESCENT OF A BULL INTO THE MAIN DRAINAGE. On Monday evening, between eight and nine o'clock, the neighbourhood of Leather-lane and Back-hill was thrown into a state of excitement and alarm by the sudden appearance of a bull at large, and whose exercitations were of a most amusing, but at the same time of a most formidable nature. After leaving the drove, which was on its way to Smith- field, the infuriated Taurus rushed right and left up the steep declivity of Back-hill, and after baiting at sundry shops on the byway, plunged headforemost into one of the huge main-drainage shafts at the top of the hill, falling a depth of forty-two feet down into the excavations below. Here he lay bellowing and snorting for full three-quarters of an hour, without appa- rently having broken any bones, seeing that it was ascertained by the workmen by the aid of lights, that having recovered from his exhaustion the brave beast was again upon his legs. The question then presented itself, how to extricate him, and it was determined on, as the only practical means of delivering Bully from his savory limbo, that he should be killed upon the spot, and then slung up by means of the ropes and buckets used by the men at work to bring up the excavated material. Subsequently, and after consulting the owner of the animal, it was determined to try the experiment of extricating the bull alive, and a strong force of Reid's stalwart brewers in the neighbourhood volunteered their assistance for the purpose. Bringing their tackle from the brewery, the other sewage men descended with it into the shaft, and, having secured it round the neck, leg:, and hind-quarters of the bull, succeeded in about half an hour or so afterwards, by means of the windlass, a long pull, a strong pull, and a pull altogether, in bringing the bovine burden, of some 100 stone weight, safely, and amid the cheers of the assembled crowd, to the surface, when the animal, marvellous to say, was found only to nave aus.i<uucu. a usuture of one of the four and was able to walk a distance ot 100 yards down hill to a neighbouring yard, in Saffron-hill, where he was housed for the night. The value of the animal was estimated at between jS30 and zC40, and nil make as good butcher's meat as ever.
EXTRAORDINARY METEOR.
EXTRAORDINARY METEOR. The following letter appeared in the columns of a con- emporary on Saturday last:— Sir,—A most astounding meteor, the size and brilliancy f which far exceeded that of the full moon, appeared his evening at lOh. 13m. Greenwich mean time. Its losition at the commencement, as taken by my large re- ractor, was 2h. -3°Ill.right ascension, and the place where t gradually vanished was about 7h. 50m. right ascension, he declination 48 leg. 20 min. north. The train at the spot where it disappeared was distinctly risible for 11 minutes, and when examined through the ;elescope, very mici resembled the cluster of stars in Lvra. This remarkabb raeteor burst about midway in the jath stated, leavirg long cometary train of scintillating. joints. The northern head, if I may use the expression, was i brilliant red, ani gave out numberless coloured sparks; the other extremiy was decidedly blue. I had several ;cientific gentlemen here who witnessed this wonderful object, including Hesars. J. Townsend and T. Crumplen, who fully corroborate these observations, which I think will prove of great value both to meteorologists and the public. I am, SiI, your most obedient servant. T. SLATER, F.R.A.S. Observatory, Eiston-road, Sept. 19.
THE CONDITION OF GARIBALDI.
THE CONDITION OF GARIBALDI. A private letta* has been received from Mr. P. A. Taylor, M.P., dated Spezia, Sept. 17, the following ex- tracts from which have teen published — We went by boat to he fortress this morning some five miies off. The geneal's room and surroundings are too barrack-like fDr anjidea of comfort as an English- man understands it,; butto a soldier these things neither seem nor are what the; would both seem and be to us under similar condition. Still I think there is too much bustle, too many nanagers, and so forth. I felt a want to put a despot thee who should rule with a firm hand and with unseen ad unheard authority-a Flor- ence Nightingale or a Je4ie Mario. The main elements of interest and affection ire evidently there; and pro bably to hardly aayotltr man could the little over- much of bustle b« so inocuous. His calm, his won- derful serenity of deme4our seems not to heed, still less to be excited ly the .irroundicgs. When Mr. Partridge witt into his room to examine the wound I reinaitett in B. ante-room, not willing to add another to the alieady tffieient number. Presently, however, the examnatiopieing over, Garibaldi sent for me, and held out his hand I hive already given you above, in two wcrds, ti impression produced at the moment and returnng awards—" wonderful serenity," calm, courteous, tnd traqail; thankful for the least service rendered b; his aidants—an utter absence of anything like the peeviliegs of a suffering man, yet without any appeirance < pressure or the exercise of control over himself. It as an atmosphere of moral elevation. I expressed in i few wo); the profound sympathy we all feel for and with him, d which I felt justified in saving was shared by altn gland, He thanked me warmly, or rather earnestljin(i said it was not the first time he had to express hthatJks to my country. I expressed also the hope thaU wouJ<J be able to maintain that quiet and rest so essenj to his early recovery, as Italy and all of us w<uld h £ much need of him-- He acquiesced and presently P°ed to a seat by the bed, hoping I should pardon ttHhe could not talk much. The doctors soon concludedwir consultation and we | took leave. I He appears less ill than Is prepared to find him, but his limbs are, they saYnch fallen away. While we were there he was supp'ng himself in a sitting posture by grasping a rope etched above him. He can bear no motion of the %ithout great suffering, and there is evidecee tbat th2Cessj(;y 0f remaining in one posture is producing tha.reneS3 so distressing to the invalid. A kind lady, Mrs. Schwab^ already obtained a r water bed from Paris; and ii also to obviate this danger that I asked you to send out the surgical appa- ratus mentioned in my telegram. The injury consists of a gun-shot wound, Half.an inch in length, over the internal ankle, which ha3 been broken off and the joint laid open. Some portion of the garments were driven into the wound, but the ball did not enter. The wound is free from inflammation, and the patient is, as regards his general health, in a not unsatisfactory condition. The great necessity is perfect quiet., There have been rumours on the part of the Government to move him. It can be but foolish rumour. There can be no such in- tention. It would be murder. Months must elapse before the injury can be cured, and there is fear that there may remain a stiff joint. The appearance of the wound is healthy, and the sup- puration is also free and satisfactory. His condition is a little under the mark, and I think Mr. Partridge will gradually try if he cannot stand a more generous diet. There has been no bleeding, which is a mercy—merely the application of leeches.
THE ARREST OF COUNT ZAMOYSKL
THE ARREST OF COUNT ZAMOYSKL The following is the official explanation of the arrest of Count Zamoyski, the news of which arrived a few days ago by telegraph A few days ago a certain number of proprietors, called together in an illegal manner, met at Warsaw, and at the conclusion of the meeting, held at the house of Count Andrew Zamoyski, drew up an invitation, addressed to the count, embodying, as they said, the wishes of the nation. The Government of his Majesty will not allow an assembly of private persons to assume the signification of a constituted ody, nor one of the subjects of the Emperor and King to set himself up as the director and organ of such an assembly. Far such conduct, contrary to the existing order of things, Count Zamoyski will have to justify himself before the Emperor. For this purpose he has been sent to St. Petersburg. The following is the addre3s referred to. We give it as embodying the desires of the moderate party in Poland:— Ihe misfortunes which have weighed down Poland with a rigour unexampled in history, by CJ ushing her political existence, have failed either to weaken the spirit of the nation or to corrupt or efface in her the sentiment of her historic mission. This sentiment has grown by sacrifice, sufferance, and faith in the future, and in solemn moments the voice of the national conscience is raised to demand that the ancient laws and liberties cf Poland may be restored to her. Last year, in an address to the Emperor, the country had already made demands for their rights, and the inhabitants called together for the election of municipal and district councils presented at that time to the viceroy of the Emperor a me- moir signed by 20,000 persons, in which they declared that a national representation, proceeding from free election, and free in its discussions, could alone ex- press the real wants of the country, and that the institutions granted by the Government were far from meeting those wants, and could not prevent the troubles which were menacing the nation. The de- claration of the state of siege prevented the sending of this memoir. No satisfaction was given to the inha- bitants, which brought about results that every one might have anticipated. We are now anxious to respond to the proclamation of the Grand Duke Constantine, and to prevent the country from "precipitating herself into an abyss without issue." Assembled from the different pro- vinces of Poland, and in the absence of a legal organ, we have come to you, sir, in order that, as a representative and interpreter of the nation's spirit, you may make known to his imperial highness our wants and aspira- tions, which we cannot longer suppress, and which we wish to proclaim loudly before the entire world. We do not refuse our concurrence in the formation of new institutions; we feel ourselves bound only to declare that the measures put in force up to the present time in the country have excited the minds of the people to such a degree that neither military force, nor exceptional tribunals, nor prisons, nor transportations, nor the scaffold-can put them down; but, on the contrary, will provoke an excessive exaspe- ration, which will urge the nation upon a path equally fatal to governors and governed. As Poles we cannot sustain the government unless that government be Polish, and until all the provinces which comprise the country shall be united together and enjoy a constitution and free institutions. In his proclamation the Grand Dake himself has respected and understood our attachment to our country. Now this attachment cannot be divided, and if we love our country we must love it entire in the limits which God has given it, and which history has con- C'.f"Ioft.4-n"
rxsrf&i vti DEFALCATION BY…
rxsrf&i vti DEFALCATION BY AN INCOME-TAX COLLECTOR. Considerable anxiety has been manifested in Brighton within the last day or two in consequence of rumoured heavy defalcations in the accounts of Mr. W. H. Chit- tenden, income-tax collector and assessor for the western district of that town, and various statements have gained currency as to the actual amount. The rumour has now, however, been confirmed, for it has been communicated to him and his sureties that his appointment has been revoked by the Commissioners of Income-tax. A war- rant has also been issued for his apprehension, and carried into effect by Mr. White, chief officer of the borough police. The warrant sets forth Mr. Chittenden's defalcations at £ 1,000, gives authority for Ms appre- hension, directs for the seizure of all his property, and finally authorises the chief officer of the police to hand him over to the governor of Lewes gaol. It is under- stood that these proceedings do not altogether partake of a criminal character, but that the defaulter is regarded in the light of a Government creditor, and will be de- tained as a crown prisoner until the amount of his defalcations is liquidated. The income-tax commis- sioners have been engaged at Brighton, in holding an inquiry, the result of which is not yet made known. It is reported that Mr. Chittenden is a defaulter to the extent of £ 2,443; but whether this be the actual amount or not, it is undoubted that the sum will con- siderably exceed that named in the warrant. Mr. Chit. tenden, who had previously borne an excellent character, has held the office between six and seven years, and has five sureties bound for him in X500 each.
IMPORTANT STATEMENT OF THE…
IMPORTANT STATEMENT OF THE KING OF ITALY. A Turin correspondent writing on Monday says:- I told you in one of my last letters that the Roman question approached a solution; and yesterday my statement was confirmed by royal lips. Yesterday (Sunday) a deputation of the provincial council of Forli brought an address to the King in congratulation upon the success over the Garibaldians. In handing that document to the King, the Marquis Albicini, president of the deputation, made an eloquent speech, in which he said that 'the populations saw in the triumph of public order the assurance of the definitive and early triumph of the Italian cause; that Rome was the necessary crowning of the national edifice, and that they might rely upon the King and his Government shortly entering into possession of the eternal city.' The King replied in that firm and resolute tone which characterises all his operations: 'Tell the populations to be tranquil and to have every confidence; before the end of this year we shall be at Rome; I beg you to say so to all your fellow-citizens.' The deputation withdrew, much moved by the royal words. It is from one of the members that I have received the foregoing particulars."
THE WRECK OF 1HE GOLDEN GATE…
THE WRECK OF 1HE GOLDEN GATE STEAMER. Attempt to Recover the Specie. The underwriters on Friday were in receipt of advices from San Francisco, dated August 9, regarding the sunken treasure, upwards of a quarter of a million sterling, in the wreck of the Golden Gate steim ship, which was destroyed by fire, and attended with a great sacrifice of life, while on a voyage from San Francisco to New York, a large amount of the specie being insured in London. The Golden Gate had on board 1,400,747 dols.— 273,100 dols. were consigned to England 13,000 dols. to Panama, and the remainder, 1,114,647 dols. to New York. On the news of the catastrophe reaching San Francisco, Lloyd's agents communicated with the repre- sentatives of the Pacific mail steam packet as to the measures to be adopted with the view of recovering the specie, and it was arranged that the steam ship Active, which was lately in the service of the government as a surveying vessel, should be chartered and sent down to the wreck in charge of Captain Waterman^ and sup- plied with diving apparatus, surf boats, &c. Captain Pearson, the commander of the Golden Gate returns to the wreck in the Active, and he states that tpe treasure was stowed in the after part of the ship in an iron safe under the orlop deck. The safe was not a strong one, and it is thought that it has been destroyed by the surf. It is, however, c .njectured that the best plates of the steamer may still hold together, and that the treasure may be recovered, provided the weather keeps moderate. Her Majesty's steamer Mutine, Commander Graham, which was under repair at San Francisco, having been on a reef, but would be ready for sea in a few da) f', was to call off the wreck of the Golden Gate, and to render what assistance she could towards recovering the treasure.
ITALY
ITALY THE Diritto of Turin, Sept. 19, states that its impres- sion of the previous day was seized by order of the Government. The same paper publishes a letter from Dr. Ripari, Garibaldi's medical attendant, respecting the visit paid to the wounded General by Professor Partridge. The opinion of the English physician was of a very reassuring character. THE Italian savans assembled at Sienna have selected Rome as the city in which they will hold their next con- gress. Nearly all the voting tickets, when drawn from the balloting urn, bore the words, Rome for the capital." Most enthusiastic applause followed, and shouts were raised of Viva Emmanuel! Intelligence received from Fort Varignano states that Garibaldi's condition continues to improve. Small frag- ments of bone continue to be ejected from the wound. The Abbe Stellardi has returned from Rome, the bearer of a letter from the Pope in reply to the Princess Maria Pia. His Holiness has also forwarded by the Abbe Stellardi a .magnificent wedding present for the Princess.
THE ITALIAN NOTE ON GARIBALDI'S…
THE ITALIAN NOTE ON GARIBALDI'S EXPE- DITION. The following is a summary of a circular note dated 10th September, addressed by General Durando to the Italian representatives abroad. After recapitulating the history of the Garibaldian enterprise, the note continues The facts will leave none but a painful recollection. That union was not dis- turbed affords a proof of the political maturity of the Italian population, their attachment to the constitutional monarchy, and the discipline of the army. "Nevertheless, the watchword of the volunteers was truly the expression of the imperious necessities of the nation which claims its capital. If Garibaldi has been resisted it is solely because it is convinced that the Government will attain its end, and that the Catholic Powers, France above all, will recog- nisa the danger of maintaining the antagonism between the Papacy and Italy. The present situation is no longer tenable, and would end by involving extreme consequences, compromising the religious interests of Catholicism and the tranquility of Europe."
PRUSSIA.
PRUSSIA. IN the Chamber of Deputies of Berlin, September 221, the votes for the postal expenses and for the Ministry of Commerce in the district of Hohenzollern passed almost without discussion. The Ministers von der Heydt, von Roon, and Count Bernstorff were absent. Nothing definite is known by any section of the depu- ties with respect to the present ministerial crisis. The Neue Prevssische Kreuz Zeitung of Berlin, Sept. 22, says:—" We learn that the minister Von der Heydt has not yet positively tendered his resignation, but has attached certain conditions to his request to be relieved of office. Count Bernstorff, however, has resigned, and it is supposed that he will return as ambassador to the court of St. James's."
- :,- AMERICA.
AMERICA. NEW YORK, SEPT. 8. GENERAL POPE has been relieved from the command of the army in Virginia, and is assigned to the command in the north-west. Nearly all the Confederate troops have been withdrawn from before Washington. A Confederate force, 5,000 strong, has crossed the Potomac at Point of Rocks, and occupied Frederick, Maryland. They were enthusiastically received by the secessionist inhabitants, but the Unionists left the town. They have promised to protect all private property. The latest reports state that General Jackson is at Frederick with 40,000 men. It is reported that the Confederates propose to destroy the Western Central Pennsylvanian Railroad, and operate in Pennsylvania, having ulterior desians on W ashington The Governor of Pennsylvania has forwarded large bodies of troops to the entrance of Cumberland Valley to resist the invasion. The Confederate pickets extend from Frederick seven miles towards Hagerstown. Large bodies of Federal troops are being transported from Washington to the Upper Potomac. The Confederate movements in Frederick have cut off the reinforcements for the Federal troops at Martinsburc and Harper's Ferry. -0 400 Confederates attacked the Federals at Martinsburg, but were repulsed. General Bragg is marching on Nashville, which General Buell has ordered to be evacuated. Great excitement prevails at Fort Monroe. The Confederate ram Merrimac No. 2 has been seen below Fort Darling, going in the direction of Newport. Arrangements have been made to receive her. The Governor of Indiana Las ordered all citizens between 19 and 45 years of age, residing in the Border counties, to repel invasion. The Federal government is well supplied with arms. Another English steamer has been captured off Charleston. The Persia brings intelligence from New York to Sep- tember 9:- The news of the crossing of the Potomac and the occu- pation of Frederick by General Stonewall Jackson, with 50,000 Confederate troops, is confirmed. The Confederate Provost Marshal of Frederick has issued a proclamation stating that the Confederates came as friends, and would not disturb private property. Enoch Lowe has been appointed Provisional Confederate Governor of Maryland. It is reported that the Confederates are entering Penn- sylvania near Hanover, York County. General M 'Dowell has been relieved from his command and granted three weeks' leave of absence. The enrolment for the draft is being completed. The stringent war orders in reference to drafting and volun- teering have been withdrawn. Re3trictions on travel are withdrawn. Business has been resumed at Cincinnati, but war pre- parations continue to be made there as well as at Coving- ton and Newpert. The Confederates are reported to be advancing in the direction of Covington. General M'Clellan has taken the field. He left Wash- ington with the Federal army, taking the direction of Northern Maryland to attack the invading Confederates. Some reports say that General Jackson is marching in heavy force upon Gettsburg, Pennsylvania, and others, that he is moving on Baltimore by Way of Westminster. Porter's mortar fleet is off Baltimore prepared to de- stroy the city if captured by the Confederates. General Banks commands at Washington. Many families are leaving the capital, but the alarm is not general. The report of the evacuation of Nashville is not entirely credited. Wild rumours of defeats and successes of the Federal army are current all over-New York but cannot be traced to authentic sources.
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A couple of handsome gold watches, valued at £ 50, bearing each a suitable inscription, were last week re- ceived at Woolwich, to be presented to Mr. Moores, pier- master at the Royal Arsenal, and Mr. Brine, chief in- spector of the police, from his Highness the Pasha of Egypt, in testimony of their attention to the Viceroy during his sojourn at Woolwich. A "Fast" Young Man.-Morris de Winton, aged 29, a young man of most respectable appearance, whose name has already appeared before the public in connec- tion with an alleged robbery oi earrings from Amelia Herbert, was on Tuesday placed at the bar at the Mid- dlesex Sessions on the above charge. The details of the case having appeared on the first examination may be very briefly stated. The assertion of the piosecutrix was the singular one that he took them out of her oars without her knowledge, while they were driving about in a brougham. His defence was, that she had given them to him to raise money so tnat they might both obtain supper. It was proved in evidence that he did pledge them at a night house for supper, for himself and a woman, but that woman was not the prosecutrix. The jury found him guilty, and the Court sentenced him to six months' imprisonment with hard labour.
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