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TOWN TAXiX.
TOWN TAXiX. BY OGIt LONDON CORRESPONDENT. Our readers will understand that we do not hold ourselves responsible for our able correspondent's opinions. HARVEST weather as fine as the most timid farmer could desire—harvesters getting first-rate wages-corn at a fair price, and likely to remain there- partridges plentiful, and, in the part of the country where I am staying, fox cubs numerous and to spare for the real season, after cub-hunting has taught the young hounds their duty-these leading necessaries and luxuries of rural life have put my agricultural friends in such good humour, that they have almost forgotten the perils and trials of last year-a good humour not diminished by the steady demand for beef, mutton, and pork. The question whether the American war will check or increase the export of American corn is often discussed. Some contend that corn must come here for the much needed money; others think that the extra American ploughshares will be beaten into swords. So this subject for debate, like many others, remains a standing dish, always ready to come in with the fruit and wine. Talking of wine, already Mr. Gladstone's treaty is producing serious effects on the habits of Punch's John Bull—the true British farmer-who ought to wear top-boots, but does not. In a tour through the 3 lid land and Western counties, on every country gentleman's, and almost every farmer's table, French wines, both still and sparkling, were found; not the conventional claret at four guineas a dozen, but good red Bordeaux at from twenty four to thirty shil- lings. The experiment has evidently succeeded, and Bass and Cope have found formidable rivals. Even Allsopp has found it needful to reduce his prices. As for sparkling wines, often named Champagne by way of compliment, they are in their cheap form pleasant and refreshing, whether from France or Germany, and promise to put down that vile rhubarb-stalk imitation, to which so many unsuspecting guests have fallen victims at public dinners and balls. In fact, we are now drinking foreign wines at lower prices than in Paris or the watering-places of Germany and it is certain that every hot season in England will extend the taste. Lunching the other day at a confectioner's in a small market town, I had better Bordeaux at 3s. a bottle than I could get in Paris for 4s. 2d. One excellent measure will distinguish the Par- liament of 1861-the Post-office Savings-banks. To put money in a savings-bank has hitherto been a very serious business. Now, any man, woman, or child, with a shilling to spare, may make a be- ginning, at the nearest money-order office, with very simple forms either for paying in or out —a great step towards encouraging frugality; for, to nine out of ten, money is red hot, and burns a hole in the pocket, if not put away in safety. Under the new act, a married woman may make a deposit of savings—a very important arrange- ment for the wives of mechanics. It is to be hoped that the postmasters are to be paid for their additional trouble. At present the General Post-office is a sink of dishonesty. The salaries are so low, and the expenses and tempta- tions so great, that the prosecution of defaulting post-office servants becomes an important item in the business of the Central Criminal Court. American affairs continue to excite and tantalise news-readers. It is now plain that the Northern States can neither frighten nor crush the Southerns. It is of little use to raise armies of hundreds of thousands on paper, if the weaker belligerent has always a majority in the field. At the last battle of Springfield, where the Federalists had to retreat thirty miles, leaving their guns behind them, they say their enemies were three to one. If this be so, it shows that the South have the best generals, for it is the great art of war to fight battles with an overwhelming majority. Every packet from America seems to show that a compromise is inevitable, but with a mob-ruled people no one can guess the new move. The Federal Government have succeeded not in bor- rowing, but in obtaining the promise from native bankers of all the money they at present require, and until these promises are exhausted they will scarcely think of giving up their original pro- gramme of "total surrender! The blockade will be an early difficulty. France will be as little inclined as England to submit to a mere paper blockade. No nation has ever claimed such freedom for commerce in time of war as America; and Europe, wanting cotton, will not allow the Federalists to blow both hot and cold. Unwilling to quarrel with the United States, feeling that neither profit nor glory was to be obtained in such a con- test, we have put up with a great deal of inso- lence and injustice; but, in such a vital question as cotton supply, it is not likely that Europe will admit a paper blockade, which Americans, had European powers been concerned, would have set at defiance. The dispatch of more troops to Canada has led to an impression in some quarters that we must be prepared for all contingencies. It may be regarded as a measure of prudence, although circumstances do not appear to call for it. Four thousand regular troops alone would not do much to defend Canada, but a good deal towards drilling and disciplining the British North American volunteers, and to supplying the trained officers and non -commissioned officers the Republicans have not and much want. 7-1
OUTLINES OF THE WEEK. --
OUTLINES OF THE WEEK. In the southern and some of the middle counties of England the harvest has now been completed, and the quality of the grain is so good as to compensate in a great measure for the deficient yield in certain localities. The stock and share markets, influenced by the late fine weather, and a further reduction of the Bank rate of discount, have shown*considerable buoy- ancy, and much confidence for the future is exhibited. THE FAVOURITE way of making a fortune just now— there always is a favourite way which may be heard of in that mysterious locality, the City "—is to put your money into cotton. Cotton has been going up lately in a steady and determined manner, and the poor mill operatives of the manufacturing districts see looming in the wintry distance the phantom half-time." Let us see how matters really stand. The cotton brought into this country for consumption during the first six months of 1861 was worth jE23,509,532 or £ 4,000,000 more than during the same period of 1859, and only £1,000,000 less than in 1860. So far, at all events, there was no lack of the supply. In July, 1861, we received 1,253,885 cwts or about 400,000 cwts. more than in 1860, and 200,000 less than in 1859. Of the quantity received last July 840,064 cwts. came from America, being 140,000 more than in July, 1860, and 360,000 less than in July, 1859. But in June the American cotton received valued about £ 1,500,000 less than in the two preceding years. On the ather hand we received £857,144 worth of Ea3t India cotton in June, 1861, against m08,797 in June, 1860, and 349,028 cwts. in July 1861, against 84,088, in July I860. It is clear from these figures that the anticipated failures of the supply of cotton is prospec- tive rather than present, and that the lack of American is already partially supplied from other parts of the world. As soon as the price is sufficiently high, we may expect large importations from India and else- where and speculators who anticipate famine prices -yll probab ly be disappointed, especially if we should ppen to receive any large proportion of the American crop of this year. As "short time" is only another name for semi-starvation to thousands of families, it is earnestly to be hoped that the necessity for such a measure may be averted, or at least that it may not be of long duration. LORD MONCK has been appointed Governor-General of Canada. The question may arise in the minds of some readers, Who is Lord Monck ? On this not un- important p-int, the information possessed by the best informed among our contemporaries seems to be rather scanty. If the question is put-what has he done ? the reply is scarcely less unsatisfactory. Lord Monck is an Irish Viscount, and he has performed the duties of a jiinior lord of the Treasury. These are the answers to both questions. At a time when the United States are in a blaze, and reinforcements of our troops in Canada are considered necessary, the management of the affairs of that colony is not of small importance, and the selec- tion of an untried man for so onerous a post is a bold step, which success alone can justify. Lord Monck may be-and doubtless is-much better known to his colleagues than to the public and he may have qualifications of the highest kind which are hidden from the world at large. We hope that such may prove to be the case. ANOTHER railway massacre Worse, if possible, than the one near Brighton, and within eight days afterwards. Tragedy is never absent from among 11", and murders have become things of every day, but these two railway collisions surpass in their unspeakable horrors all past experience of accident or crime. As usual, the catastrophe on the North London line has oc- curred to an excursion train running at an irregular hour, and this train was dispatched at a high rate of speed along a line with frequent curves, and where shunting" of ballast-waggons was constantly going on. At present it does not appear that any precautions whatever were taken, or any notice sent along the line that such a train was coming. Now, who is to blame ? It is quite clear that we have reached a point at which a stop must be put to the inhuman recklessness of railway management. No matter how, or at what cost, railway directors, and their subordinates, must be compelled to provide for the public safety. The root of the matter lies in the attempt to run on the original pair of lines a traffic much too great for them and next, in that abominable mammonism, which regards the lives of passengers as altogether of secondary importance to securing good dividends, ai d which leads, as we shall pre- sently see, to a false and dangerous economy. The time has arrived for public opinion to make itself felt in respect to these matters. But, in the particular instance of the North London accident, we ask again whose duty was it fo see that the line was clear for the excursion train? Upon whom rested the responsibility of seeing that proper precautions were taken, not merely in the case of this train, but of every train ? Was it the manager, the superintendent, any of the subordinates ?. Whoever it may be, we hope that ths coroner's jury will sift this question of respon- sibility to the bottom, and fearlessly fix the guilt upon the real culprit. Gross neglect there has been. Who is responsible for that neglect ? The public demand an answer to this question, and it must be answered. The immunity which the higher officers of railways have hitherto enjoyed from the consequences of culpable neglect is one of the causes of these frequent accidents. Some o? the regulations of railway companies really seem to have been designed to promote accidents. For instance, at the Brighton inquest the fact was elicited that signalmen are worked for twenty-four hours at a stretch. Nay, a correspondent of a morning paper spoke to one signalman who had recently worked thirty hoars. Only very lately we heard of the long hours during which enginemen were kept at work-frequently six- teen or seventeen hours, if we remember rightly, and often without rest on Sundays. Now, the ingenuity of these arrangements may not be apparent at first sight. But let us just consider that among the various classes of persons employed on railways the safety of passen- gers depends chiefly on the enginemen, and next to them on the signalmen. Tbeir duties are the most responsible, and call for the utmost stretch of all the faculties. How admirable, then, when we reflect upon it, is the management which imposes the longest hours and hardest work on these very classes! It requires some time and a good deal of evidence to convince us that railway managers and directors do really act with such wisdom and forethought as this. But such is the fact. No precaution which can lead to a really bad accident seems to be omitted. Sixteen hours on an engine in all weathers for seven days a week Admir- able Men of the most perfect physique could not be always vigilant under such conditions, and there is, therefore, a good chance of a smash from neglecting to keep a look-out. Thirty hours in a signal box Let us say from nine o'clock on Monday morning, till three o'clock on Tuesday afternoon. Nothing could be better. Here the chance of safety is reduced to a minimum, and the prospect of a mistake of signals so amazingly increased, that it is wonderful the directors do not succeed in getting a collision every week at least. Suppose a signalman, overcome by his unnatural exertion for 29 hours, happened to sleep in the thir- tieth, and an accident occurred: be might be tried for manslaughter but would a jury find him guilty ? We question it. No the guilt would not be his, it would belong to the managers or directors, whose heartless cupidity lead them to impose such hours of labour, and to expose the public to such fearful risks.
THE WAR IN AMERICA. 4
THE WAR IN AMERICA. 4 The intelligence from America by the Europa, which left Boston on the 21st ult., and Halifax on the 22nd, is only important as strongly pointing to the occurrence of an early and perhaps decisive battle in the neighbour- hood of Washington. The Secessionists are evidently preparing to make an advance with a view, not only to attack Washington, but, by a flank movement, to cut off the capital from the Free States. No doubt great reliance is placed in the strength of the Secession feeling in Maryland, and especially in Baltimore. PREPARING FOR ACTION. The New York Herald of the 20th ult. says that rumours are afloat that the rebels have a scheme on foot to attack Washington by a flank movement, the design being to use a large force, which it appears has been concentrating for a long time in Maryland—to cut off the connection by railroad, and land between Balti- more and Philadelphia, while Generals Beauregard and Johnstone advance on Washington from the Virginia side. In view of the danger arising from this plan, the order of the Secretary of War calling for troops must be regarded as an imperative necessity. A force of nearly ten thousand men will leave New York State during the present week, and no doubt the other States called upon will furnish proportionate quotas at once. The movement of the rebels on the Marylaod shore is intended to be accomplished by the transport of troops on launches and flats, a large number of which have, it appears, been concentrated in the vicinity of Acquia Creek, despite the boasted watchfulness of the Potomac flotilla. It has also been discovered that several formidable batteries have been constructed by the rebels, not only on the shores of Acquia and Potomac Creeks, but on the Maryland side of toe river, at Mineral Point. ARRESTS OF SUSPECTED PERSONS. In addition to the arrest of the Southern agenf, Mr. Serrell, on board the Persia, who was committed by the United States Marshal to Fort Lafayette on the 19th, there was intelligence by telegraph of the arrest of Mr. Pierce Butler, of Philadelphia. It appears that the Government had seized a parcel of letters on their way across the Potomac, written by Mr. Butler, and addressed to Jefferson Davis, Generals Beauregard and Johnstone, and other prominent men among the rebels. A short time after the matter was placed in the hands of the United States Marshal, in Philadelphia, who arrested Mr. Butler as he was walking down Cbestnut-street, and brought him to New York, where he was placed in charge of a United States officer, who conveyed him to Fort Lafay- ette, as a State prisoner. The arrest of Mr. Pierce Butler was followed by the arrests of William B. Reed, late Minister to China; George M. Wharton, late United States District At- torney; Charles Brown, ex-Collector of the Port, and David Saloman. FEDERAL OFFICERS. The New York Tribune publishes a lengthy list of names of officers who had resigned, and remarks ;— In the list of officers who have resigned from the volunteer regiments, which we publish to-day, occur the names of a few who have been honourably discharged, either on account of sufficient private reasons, or in order to enable them to join other organisations. But probably not more than twenty-five out of the 225 who have left the service since the battle of Bull's Run, can show a certificate of honourable discharge. Who can wonder that we hear of insubordination, or even mutiny, among the men. when the officers desert their colours so rapidly ? The best proof of their inefficiency is found in their consciousness of it. It should be understood that the War Department has determined that no volunteer officer, who resigns without sufficiently good reasons to entitle him to an honourable discharge, will be allowed to connect himself with another volunteer regiment. PRIVATEERING. A report was current, founded on doubtful authority, that tbn Confederate privateer Sumter bad been cap- tured off Curacoa by the Niagara. The report was re- ceived at St. Thomas's by a steamer from Caracoa. The privateer Jeff. Davis was at St. John's, Porto Rico, on the 27th of July, and was allowed to water. The privateer Echo was cruising on the Turks' Island Passage. The bark Joseph Maxwell, of Philadelphia, was captured off Porto Cabello, by the Confederate States' steamer Sumter, on the 27th of July, and a prize crew placed on board, who, after being ordered away from Cienfuegos, ran the bark ashore in the vicinity. The cargo was sold at Cienfuegos. The privateer Jeff. Davis has captured the bark Alvarado, from Cape Town for Boston, and the brig Santa. Clara, from Porto Rico for Boston The schooner Windward was captured by the Jeff. Davis on the 4th inst., in lat. 28, long. 67. The barks Glen and Rowenna, and the schooner Mary Alice, prizes, have been towed into Charleston. The Philadelphia Ledger states that the brig Herald, captured by a Federal cruiser, and claimed by Lord Lyons as a British vessel, had, on examination, been proved to belong to America, and that consequently the order for her release had been withdrawn. A similar attempt to prove that the General Parkbili was a British ship had also failed, and she was sold. From St. Louis we learn that on the 19th ult. a Federal steamer was sunk by the Confederates at Commerce (Mo.), and 300 passengers taken prisoners. FIGHTING. A dispatch from St. Louis, August 20, says:— The town of Commerce, forty miles from Cairo, which was taken by a battery planted by the Seces- sionists, was retaken last night by 500 troops sent down from Cape Girardeau by order of General Fremont. The rebels made no stand, but retreated with their battery on the approach of our troops. Their number was about 150 infantry and 150 cavalry. There was an engagement on the 19th near Charleston (Mo.), between a Federal force 250 strong, consisting of the 22nd Illinois Regiment, under Colonel Doherty, accom- panied by Lieutenant Colonel Rawson, of the 11th Illinois Regiment, and a Confederate force, estimated at 600 or 700, commanded by Colonel Hunter, of Jeff. Thompson's army. The Federal troops were, it is asserted, victorious, routing the enemy, killing 40, and taking 17 prisoners. Captain Noleman, with 50 mounted men, left Bird Point the same evening for Charleston, to join the forces under" Colonel Doherty, but failed to form a junction. They met a party of Confederates, about 100 strong, and gave them battle, kdling two. They also took 33 prisoners and captured 35 horses without the loss of a man." GENERAL ITEMS OF NEWS. The Federal State Department had notified that no person would be allowed to go abroad from a port of the United States without a passport, either from the De- partment or countersigned by the Secretary of State; nor will any person be allowed to land in the United States without a passport after this regulation shall be- come known abroad. An order had been issued by General Scott, uniting the military departments of Washington and North- Eastern Virginia, including Maryland as far as Bladens- burgb, into one department, to be called the Department of the Potomac, and to be under the control of General M'Clellan, who is ordered to proceed to organise the troops in the Department in divisions and independent brigades. The number of Confederate prisoners in the hands of the Federal Government was said to be 2.000. The Tribune asserts that they will be retained until the termination of the war. Commodore Hickey, of her Majesty's ship Gladiator, is reported to have remonstrated with Commodore String- ham on the laxity of the blockade at the entrance to Cape Fear River. Wilmington, Beaufort, and Ocrakoke Inlet to Pamlico Sound. The editor of the Essex County Democrat, a journal opposed to the war, had been lynched by the mob. He was taken from his house by a mob of several hundred citizens, led down to the centre of the town, made to strip himself of his clothing, and then liberally coated with tar and afterwards covered vith feathers. He was then placed astride a rail, ridden round town and over to Bradford, then brought back and made to kneel before the crowd <vnr} promise that he would print no more articles against "Worth so help me God." He was then escorted home, and the living three cheers quietly dispersed. The editor of the Sentinel, a Pennsvlvanian paper, had shared a somewhat similar, though not so severe a fate. Mr. Serrill, who was seized on board the Persia, and Mr. Mure, who was taken from the Africa, were confined in Fort Lafayette. The friends of the latter gentleman had failed.in their endea- vours to obtain his release.
[No title]
Vincent Collucci, an Italian artist, has been committed for trial at the Central Criminal Court, for obtaining money by false pretences and larceny, from Miss Fredrica Johnstone, of York House, Twickenham. Apprehended Loss of 30 Seamen.—Nothing has been heard of the crew of the Coriolanus, a large Tyne ship, which left Liverpool in ballast for Quebec, and was wrecked off the Irish coast a fortnight ago'. The vessel sank in deep water, and the boats were afterwards found bottom upwards. The crew numbered about 30. The Forgery at Hull.- At the Hull Police court, a day or two ago, before the stipendiary magistrate, Vane Ladis, a clerk in the War Office, London, was placed at the bar, charged with forging a bill of exchange for £ 165. From the evidence it appeared that about the 22nd of April last, the prisoner went to Mr. Wing. cab proprietor, Hull, and asked him to discount a bill of exchange for £ 165, bearing the signature of H. Alymer Greene, clerk, War Office, London. The prisoner pro- duced a letter purporting to be from Mr. Greene, in London, forwarding the bill to Hull. Mr. Wing, know- ing the respectability of the prisoner's friends, and believing the signature of Mr. Greene to be genuine, discounted the bill at ZCIO per cent., and banded zCl47 over to the prisoner in cash. The bill was put into the bank of Messrs. Pease and Co., of Hull, and was after- wards dishonoured. Mr. Greene was called as a witness, and proved that his signiature on the bill was a forgery. The first intimation he received of the existence of the bill was a letter from the prisoner, statins: that some time ago, having been told that if he could get a bill accepted by any one in the War Office he could get it cashed; he, in an evil hour, being pressed and harassed to death for money, accepted a bill with his (Mr. Greene's) name, which was now due, and to his horror had not been met. He begged him to help him. The prisoner was committed for trial at the next York assizes, bail in JE600 being fixed. Suicide on a Railway.-An inquest has just been held at the Manor House, Beeston, by Mr. Blackburn, tonching the death of Robert Blacker Chadwick, a black- smith, and who resided at Farnley, who destroyed him- self under very melancholy circumstances. He left his work the other day a little after three o'clock, and shortly before five o'clock he was seen sitting in the lane leading from Farnley to Middleton, near which the Bradford, Wakefield, and Leeds rail- way passes. He then appeared quite sensible. About a quarter past five a passenger train from Wakefield was seen approaching, and the deceased ran towards it across a corn field, and thus reached the embankment of the line, walked cautiously down the embankment, and in the opinion of both the engine-driver, the stoker, and the guard, deliberately threw himself in front of the train, with the intention of committing suicide. The deceased immediately afterwards was taken up from the bottom of the embankment, quite dead, his head being fractured and his body frightfully mutilated. It was proved that the engine-driver whistled to warn the de- ceased, and that, bad he wished it, he might have escaped from danger. Nicholson, with whom he lodged, said be had no idea that the deceased had destroyed himself, and suggested that he had been going to visit a sister whore- sides at Middleton, and that in crossing the railway he had accidentally fallen, and thus been run over by the train. The jury were of opinion that the deceased deliberately threw himself upon the line and thereby killed himself, but that there was no evidence as to the state of his mind, and a verdict to that effect was returned. t
EPITOME OF NEWS.
EPITOME OF NEWS. It is proposed to introduce the cochineal insect into Australia. The cacti, on which the insect feeds, grows luxuriantly in many parts of the Australian colonies. The report of the appointment of the Rev. Dr. Thompson, Provost of Queen's College, to the Bishopric of Gloucester and Bristol, rendered vacant by the trans- lation of Dr. Baring to the see of Durham, has been confirmed. A scheme is on foot for founding a colony in New Zealand, to consist of Dissenters from the Estab- lished Church of England. A pioneer party is to leave England in the autumn of the present year, and the main settlement party will follow about six months later. The new settlement is to be founded in the pro- vince of Auckland. A fire took place a day or two ago on the premises of Mr. Pritchard, in Conduit-street, London. Eleven persons were at one time in great danger of being burnt to death, but were saved by a fire escape. M. du Chaillu has been lately the guest of Lord Belhaven, at Wishaw, Lanarkshire, where the gorilla hunter has been diversifying his sporting tendencies by enjoying a pop at the grouse. It is stated that recently one firm in Sheffield manufactured, in the space of three months, no less than 280 tons of crinoline steel. Luigi Ricci, aged eight, son of the well-known professor of music, lately directed, it is said, the singers of the church of San Giuste, at Trieste, who executed a mass of his composition. Lord Brougham has signified his intention to complv with the request of the trustees of the Ware- housemen's and C'erks' Orphan Schools, to preside at their anniversary festival in the coming autumn. The director of the Botanic Gardens, at Sydney, New South Wales, is travelling along the Clarence, the Manning, and Macleay rivers, for the purpose of selecting botanical specimens for the Great Exhibition of 1862. A tunny, upwards of 13 feet in length, was brought ashore by one of the Cullen boats recently. It was found floating dead about two miles to the eastward of Cullen, and appeared to have fallen a victim to its own rapa- city, as a large salmon wss found firmly fixed in its throat. A Russian peasant, Heer Nagy Jacob, is said to have acquired such proficiency on the common shepherd's pipe, as to have arrived at a successful rivalry with Picco. A letter from Chalons says, speaking of the Emperor-" He looks older and stouter than he did in Italy, and seems to have some difficulty in walking. All this does not appear when he is on horseback, but is very visible when on foot." The death of the once celebrated Tom Thumb is announced in the Paris papers. He died in great poverty in one of the hospitals, after having fallen so low as to have been a show-dwarf at the country fairs. An application has been made to the Commis- sioners for the Exhibition of 1862 for permission to exhibit specimens illustrative of the seven ages in the life of a flea." Lead ore, of a yaluable quality, has been found in the upper part of the lands of Northfield, near Stirling. Two Sikh infantry corps, says the United Service Gazette, are about to be sent to New Zealand. Three of the Orleans Princes have taken their departure for the United States. The princes were the Prince de Joinville, the Count de Paris, and the Due de Chartres. The Oriental Bank and the Bank of New South Wales are about to establish branches in the province of Canterbury, New Zealand. A young Irish girl, a native of Dublin, by the name of Bridget Dokay, was recently brought before a New York magistrate on a charge of having adopted male attire. She acknowledged that she had followed a seafaring life for the past three years, in search of her lover. She was provided with the requisite crinoline and a home. M. de Lamartine is about to pass openly into the Ultramontane camp. He is preparing a pamphlet on the Roman question. Accounts from Madagascar to the 15th of July state that the Queen continued seriously ill, and that great agitation prevailed in the island. Mr. Stitt Jenkins, the poet- laureate of Geelong, has forwarded a letter to the Queen, in which he asks Her Majesty to become a teetotaller. Her Majesty has ordered, through the Lord Cham- berlain, that two swans be presented to the; People's Park, Halifax. An order has just been issued by the Board of Directors of the London and North Western Railway Company, prohibiting all persons in their employ from keeping shops for the sale of any description of goods, such practice being incompatible with the due perform- ance of the routine of their duties. The brushwood covering one of the hills over the town of Toulon took fire recently, and continued burning for sixtv hours. The inhabitants of the neighbouring villages "hastened to the spot to prevent the fire from extending to a valuable wood. This was effected with- v—t —J. e—i except to a vast number of foxes who were dislodged from tnen MI LIJ, "1Ill nu howling piteously into the plain. The Siamese Ambassadors, it appears, have decidedly abandoned their intention of coming to England. They will leave Toulon shortly for Alexandria, in a French transport-the Mayenne. Miss Honoria Havelock, daughter of the late Sir H. Havelo :k, has died of diphtheria, at Edmonstone, near Edinburgh. The New Municipal Corporation Act pro- vides that the mayor of a borough, during his mayoralty, is to have precedence over other justices acting in and for the borough, and to take the chair at all meetings of such justices. A justice is to be deemed to reside within a borough if he occupies any house, shop, warehouse, or other premises within the same. In Paris and the provinces the heat has been in- f'^ise. Several cases of sun-stroke have been reported at Marseilles. Accounts from Spain state that the wheat and other crops have been burnt up. At Malaga, and Seville the heat has become insupportable, and no one can leave his house between nine o'clock in the morning and nine o'clock at night without danger. Mr. Bianconi, the great Irish car proprietor, em- ploys about 900 hordes, travelling over 4,000 miles daily, passing through 23 counties, having 137 stations, and working 12 mail and day coaches 672 miles 50 four- wheel cars, with two and more horses, travelling 1,930 miles, and 66 two-wheel one-horse cars, travelling 1,604 miles. A seaman went out of one of the portholes of the Donegal, the other night, and committed himself to the sea, with the intention, doubtless, either of deserting or spending the night in Greenock. The wind was high and the sea rough at the time, and shortly after his movements in the water were heard by some of those on board a boat was lowered, but the unfortunate man was drowned before he could be reached. It is stated that among the things taken by the Secessionists at Bull's Run were two wagons containing 30,000 handcuffs, intended, it is supposed, for the pri- soners the Federalists meant to capture. The Comte de Paris and the Due de Chartres are preparing to set out on a journey to North America. The Princes are at present staying at the Court of the Duke of Saxe Weimar, and will probably start from Holland. A signalman has just been killed at the Boxmoor Station. He was crossing the line when a train came along and killed him on the spot. An old woman of 75, and who was blind, was burnt to death a few days ago, at a fire which occurred at a house at Stepney Causeway. A remarkable accident occurred to the night express train from Bordeaux to Paris recently, by which the whole of the baggage of a very large train, princi- pally from Bayonne and the South, was consumed by fire. According to a census just taken, the population in Antigua is 36,412. The total increase since 1856 is 1,004. The male population number 19,670, and the female population 16,742. The number of houses in tile island is 10,578, of which 659 are uninhabited. The number of families is 9,916. The number of wrecks during the month of August was 108; in January the number was 202, in February 285, in March 133, in April 149, in May 142, in June 115, and in July 91; making a total during the present year of 1,225. According to several German Journals, the ceremony of the King of Prussia s coronation will be accompanied by the promulgation of a new amnesty, and the creation of a number of new peers. The Prince of Wales, having nearly completed bis course of military instructions at the camp at the Curragh will shortly proceed to the continent, to be present at the Prussian reviews on the Rhine, and after paying a short visit to the Crown Princess of Prussia, he will join his royal parents for a few days at Balmoral, previous to his returning to Cambridge.
ITALY.
ITALY. FIFTY Piedmontese soldiers attacked Epitafno, on the Neapolitan frontier, a few days ago, but were repulsed by the Papal gendarmes. A company of French troops has occupied Epitaffio. An encounter has taken place between some Papal gendarmes and Pied- montese troops, on the road between Orvieto and Balsena. The Piedmontese troops suffered no loss. BARON RICASOLI, it is said, will retain the fortfolio for Foreign Affairs until the solution of the Roman question. THE Gazetta di Torino publishes a dispatch from Perugia, stating that the French were actively watching the frontiers, and that several encounters had taken place between the French troops and the brigands, who wished to penetrate into Italian territory. Bullier's Correspondence publishes a circular note addressed by Baron Ricasoli to the diplomatic agents of Italy abroad, explaining the state of affairs in the Neapolitan provinces, and replying to those who counsel him to renounce the union-" That the Italian nation is constituted, and that all that is Italy belongs to it." Baron Ricasoli, in explaining the state of affairs in the Neapolitan provinces, compares the present troubles to those which occurred in France, England, and Spain, at different periods of transition. He declares the movement in Naples to be in no way a political one, but simply an affair of brigandage and pillage. Of the fifteen Neapolitan provinces, he says, five only— namely, those which are near to the papal frontier— are given up to brigandage. He then gives a history of the brigandage, which, at different periods, has deso- lated the kingdom of Naples. He speaks in severe terms of the former Neapolitan army, which, although composed of 180,000 men, well armed and equipped, fell back before a handful of heroes, and who since have abandoned. themselves to brigandage, sometimes carrying the Bourbon flag, which they have dishonoured by not defending, as they now dishonour it by making it the emblem of assassination and rapine. Baron Ricasoli regrets to state that the brigandage in Naples is the hope of the European reactionary party, which has placed its citadel in Rome. The ex-King of Naples coins money at Rome for the payment of the brigands. The Peter's pence serve to enrol brigands in all parts of Europe. Baron Ricasoli hopes that these facts will furnish a powerful argument, and will demonstrate that the temporal power is not only condemned by the irresistable logic of national unity, but is become incompatible with the civilisation of mankind, which cannot tolerate acts of brigandage tO be prepared in the very centre of the catholic church with the connivance and encouragement of the ministers of him who represents God on earth. Rome by advanc- ing on this path compromises her religious interests with- saving her worldly interests. This universal conviction will materially assist the Italian Government in the task which it cannot decline- namely to render to Italy, and at the same time to re- store to the church, liberty and dignity. THE nomination of General Delta Iiovere to the office of Minister of War appears to have been definitively determined on. The Opinione says Baron Ricasoli is intrusted with the portfolio of the Interior, retaining ad interim that for Foreign Affairs. Signor Borromeo, Secretary General to the Ministry of the Interior, has resigned. Signor Minghetti has tendered his resignation) which has not yet been accepted. NEWS has been received from Naples announcing that the brigands had been beaten and dispersed at several points, and that their numbers were sensibly diminishing- There was every reason to hope that brigandage would be shortly repressed.
HUNGARY.
HUNGARY. THE Comitat of Miskolez has passed a resolution con- curring in the protest of the Comitat of Pesth against the dissolution of the Hungarian Diet. It is expected that similar resolutions will also be passed by the other Comitats of Hungary.
POLAND.
POLAND. AT Cracow, on th e occasion of a funeral service for those who fell in the recent disturbances at Wilna, an arbitiary intervention by the police took place, and the tradespeople were compelled to re-open their shops- Many persons were arrested.
AUSTRIA.
AUSTRIA. THE draught address to the Emperor was passed 011 Tuesday in the Lower House of the Reichsrath. The Polish members abstained from voting.
FOREIGN ITEMS.
FOREIGN ITEMS. THE Moniteur of September 1 announces the following changes in the diplomatic corps:—"The Marquis de Lavalette is appointed Ambassador at Rome, replacing the Duke de Grammont, who goes to Vienna. Therdal- quis de Moustier is appointed to replace the Marquis de' Lavaiette at Constantinople." THE Pays aays :—" The deputies sent from Finland TO Stockholm, to demand its separation from Russia, have been arrested by the Russian authorities on a charge ot treason." THE Imperial Court has delivered judgment in the affair of m. Mires. The court expunged from the formet judgment the ciiavSe of fraud, and also the charge of fraudulently appropriating 21.247 shares of the Caisse deS Chemins de Fer, because M. Mir. rpstored them in time' As regards the other charges, the court, incurred in th e views of the first judges, and as the acts on whuk these charges were founded had been frequently repeated "Y M. Mires, and had caused great scandal and enormous loss to private individuals, affirmed the sentence already pronounced. M. Mires was moreover condemned in the the costs of the appeal. As regards the appeal ox Count Simeon, the decision of the first judges was coB' firmed. M. MIRES and Count Simeon have lodged an appeal a the Court of Cassation.
THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO SCOTLAND.
THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO SCOTLAND. Her Majesty arrived at Aberdeen on Saturday f°reT noon, the only stay of any length after leaving Holy head being at Perth, where the Royal part" breakfasted. waiting at Aberdeen WHe the Lord Provost of the city and the Convenor of the county, with the latter of wboB1' it may be remembered, the Prince Consort resided a Bancbory-house when he visited Aberdeen as Preside11' of the British Association.. After a brief stoppage, Her Majesty started by Deeside Railway for Aboyne, which should have bee reached in little over an hour; but, from an awk^r r failure of steam-power in the engines, an annoying of 40 minutes occurred on this short but usually we managed line. From Aboyne, where the Queen received by the Marquis of Huntly, Lord-Lieutenant 0 Aberdeenshire, the remainder of the Highland journe; was posted, and Balmoral Castle reached at a quarter' past 3 in the afternoon. Her Majesty seemed in excellent health and frequently acknowledging the warm reception of tbe spectators along the route.
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Father Giacome, Count Cavour's confessor, 13,ls been appointed one of the King of Italy's priva almoners or chaplains. Three Men Buried Alive.—An accident ot frightful character, resulting in the death of one and seriou3 injuries to two others, has just occurre at the wharf of Messrs. Dowell and Co., coal merchan^ adjoining Deptford-creek. It appears that at time mentioned several men were emploj'ed in livering coals from a collier lying alongside the wMrig and which coals were discharged into a bunker capah of holding nearly 300 tons. Adjoinmg this bunke r which was divided by a partition of timber, there ^vets. some caipenters employed, and when about 60 of coals had been discharged the partition gave vwj the coal forcing its way with the partitioning, and b_ut> ing three of the workmen beneath its immense weifr1' Without auy loss of time men were set to work to res^ the poor fellows, which was a work of some difficulty and, after the lapse of about twenty minutes, one of the was extricated, seriously injured, but still breathing, having been attended to by Mr. Pink, surgeon, he conveyed on board the Dreadnought hospital ship- 150 second man was shortly afterwards recovered, a alive, and he was likewise attended to by Mr. P)" g and afterwards taken on board the Dreadnought. A search was then continued /or the third man, who h now been buried about half an hour, and on the ■pr°r.»e men reaching him, lie was found lying on his face qul dead, part of the falling partition having evidently stru g him: on the back as he attempted to make his escaP knocking him down, and covering him. and with weight of coal which fell, his death must have been.1 stantaneous. The deceased, whose name was t Nicoll, was a married man with a large family, and V*' g makes the matter the more distressing is,"that at1 time he met his death h:s eldest son was lying at h° a corpse.