The Pembrokeshire Herald and General Advertiser

INDUSTRIAL CAPACJTIKS OF SUUri) WALES '1 (Continuedfmm our lust.) Opposite to the W i are Point, where the channel becomes, narrower, there rxi-ts a natural dock, enter, d t.y n narrow neck 01 wati r, called Pennar Month, which seems ?prciil'y ndeti for the purpose to which if is at length happily 1 'bout to be put, Milford beiri^ !ar less wc-11 placed lor uch an object, and, owing to the nature of ihe marginal J b.nk, is a less convenient place for the formation even of ai ding docks. f P^tinar Ray is entered by a narrow mouth, through which; the little tributary river from Pembro'-e flows: It is scarcely a furlong in width, immediately expanding on 1 either side into a eipacious creek. The entranse is two fathoms deep at the lowest water, and it is capable of being L'reat'y deepened. It appears as if designed expressly for the construction of dry and floating docks of any requisite With reference to this gig-tnlic basin, the docks now about to be constructed there, and the traffic in coal likely to be exported thence, we must again have recourse to Captain ev dence — Question. Is it not a fact that the south west wind prevails a good deal on thst coast ?-Answer. It does throughout the island. Q. Is that a wind that offers any obstacles to vessels coming to Cardiff ? —A. The whole Bristol Channel is a lee shore with a south west wind. Q. Is that an obstacle that does not apply to MiKord Haven.—A. No; it does not. I have come out of Milford Haven in a frigate when a heavy gale of wind has been blowing from the south west, carrying away oar fore yard when we were about half channel over, and clawed oil'the shore notwithstanding. Q. Is not a part of the steam fleet in the Mediterranean ? A. Yes. Q. Is that supplied with the same kind of coal ?-A. With Welsh co.t). Q. This would be the port from which the coal would come, if it could be brought? —A I have no doubt that, wiih the aid of the railway, coals may be shipped at this dock to a greater extent than any in England, not withstand- that we hear that or. the Tees and the Tyne they are ship- ping ten million tons of COill in the year. I think some of the young men in the room will live to see as much shipped in that dock, if it is made, as ever was shipped at the Tees or the Tyne. Nearly opposite to Pater, where th'e navy yard is situated is a point called Neyland, where there are great natural capacities and sufficient depth of water along the shore for landing quays, and 1fhpre lines of packet ships will doubt- less shortly run. It will be the terminus of the South Wales Railway, until the other spur line is made from Car- maithen to Pennar Dock. One word as to the topographical position of Milford Haven It is more thou a day's sail, even in ordinary winds, nearer to America, and anost of our colonies than Liverpool, with which it is impossible to avoid comparing it. Without exaggerating the difficulties of the navigation up St. George's Channel, and round Anglesey, and up, the Mersey, it will not be denied that they are formidable, both as regards time, cost, and actual danger. There are, more- over, peculiaritits in the bed and channel of the Mersey, which, under the influence of a certain concurrence of wind and tides, may at any time render the navigation of that river, for vessels of heavy draught, no longer possible. As regards internal transit, Milford isbutabout 15 miles further from London than Liverpool, and it is lor all England in- comparably the best starting point for the entire western hemisphere. In February last storms from the west caused several disastrous wrecks of vessels leaving and entering the Mersey whilst not the slightest danger attended the entry into Miltord Haven or departure from it. Such are among the chief claims and capacities of Milford Haven. There is not a little, paltry, muddy inlet on the shores of the thr. I" kingdoms, with any pretence to be called port, on which more money and labour have not heen expended than on this matchless haven, whose vazt advan- tages have stared us in the fitce for centuries of neglect, until its very name has sounded stra; ge in our ears, and its position and qualities are a pro ound secret to three fourths of the population whilst the Coininissioners apPOIllted IIi 1845, to report, at the public expense (and of course for national objects), on tidal harbours, do not once even men- j tion Milford in their report! From its long and dead repose, the time is come when Nliff",r,f will pass into Mer- cantile and naval lite. quiescence is just over,—its activityahout to begin. From what has been said it is evident that Milford has been hitherto locked up from two causes,—want of docks and want of inlanil transit. Both are about to be supplied. A company is already formed, and the Act obtained for turning Pennar ÊIY into spacious and splendid docks. The South Wales Railway will, in a short time, carry a branch to Pembroke, and round the new dock. The docK will he actually completed (so great is the natural capacity of the place) for a sum little exceeding that which has been recently given for one neighbouring 9 iest-ite Let us now glaniy at the probable future which this pros- pect opens to South Wales and this district. The Atlantic navigation which will pour into Milford is scarcely a matter of doubt; and the first course it will probably take will be thecrentinnofan entirely new traffic direct to London. The journey and voyage to the United States will be so much shortened that this is almost a certainty. I am inclined to think that the existing South Wales line could not, even if it were- a direct line, accommodate this extra traffic, toge her with the increase inevitably arising in the intermediate traffic Letween adjacent towns on that line. A glance at the enormous increase in the recent traffic of that railway already arising, will not only corroborate this view, but will also help to illustrate the immense wealth and in/lus- trial capacities of the district which the South Wales Rail- way skirts on its southern border. Comparing the second with the first half of the year 1852, the total receipts of this line increasee from £15,653 to £65,290, the mileage in both periods being 99|. In the first half of 1353 the receipts .increased to 495,5,18, the mileage open being 131 and it Is worthy of remark that of this amount the merchandise traffic alone increased from £ 15 514 to £ 26,911 in the last half year, owing. 1 believe, chiefly to the dispatch of coal to Basingstoke for the South- ampton steamers I have said enough to show that, even if not a single bale of cotton for the manufacturing market ever finds "its 6 its 1 way through Milford Haven, there are the g'rms of avast commerce and traffic flowing eastward from this noble harbour, and giving an equal outfet to the produce of our western counties, and the vast nilnera:1 wealth through which this tiaffic must necessarily pass. Let me briefly call attention to the lines which new rail- ways for effecting this communication would probably take, and, in pointing to these, I beg to be understood as regard- ing the matter purely with a view to broad and national .interests. If Parliament h id long ago legislated for rail- way lines on the same principle, and checked the atrocious absurdities which local interests have perpetrated, the country at large might have re .ped double the present ac- commodation its railways affoid, and at half their cost. A new line from Milford to London, avoiding the sinuosi- ties of the South Wales line, will probably form the northern border of the great mineral basin, of which the South Wales Railway forms the sonthern border, and keeping nearly to the line of the level coach road, through Carmar- then, Brecon, and Abergavenny, cross the Severn, either at Gloucester, or the Loek Crib, twc miles below Newnham. From the latter plate it might join the Great Western at the Standish Junction, near Stonehouse, and so proceed, via j Swindon, to London the traffic thus feeding the Oxford, Basingstoke, Newbury, and South Eastern lines on its way. Or, another and more independent line would be that of a new railway the whole way through Gloucester and Oxford, and thence direct through Wycombe to London. Along either line powerfnt local interests, as well as great national ones. Would be served. A still more direct line (one nearly straight) might possibly be formed to Mertliyr, across the Severn at the Aust Ferry (if Mr Brunei has still the enterprize and pluck to undertake it), to a few miles below Swindon, and thence, using the Great Western, or making an independent line, via Farringdon. This would be the shortest line, and would, save at the Aust Ferry, be attended by:few formidable engineering difficulties. Such considerations and future requirements may be well postponed until a nearer approach to the tima when they shall arise and force themselves on public attention* Even when they do, the South Wales tin", connecting as it does hno.t important towns and deboucheres of several prolific mineral valleys, has nothing to fear from a ri ti), and ftonld benefit by such an nflly. It could not possibly carry the whole traffic of the Atlantic to London through Milford. One great object in bringing these various features of the industrial position of South Wales into notice, is to direct immediate attention to the certain revolution about to take place in the present topographical distribution of our mari. time traffic. So far from exhausting the materials of the topic, I have simply endeavoured to show where they lie, together with the great germs ot onr future commercial greatness. The enormous mass o! coal which every bale of cotton landed at Miltord Haven must cross on the very outset of its long journey to the Lancashire factories, suggests the possibility that another fifty years may see a Pembrokeshire Manihfster, as well as a successor to LivPtpoofj on thig doubly gifted coast. The transition of a specific branch Of industry is not a matter ol very protracted or difficult accom- plishment where seveial natural elements of its success exist in the new field. In this district four arp rnmliinp/l • 1 J. Accessibility for the raw material, &c, and the reship- ment or transit ot the mauufactured article. 2. Abundance and cheapness of fuel for its manufacture. 3. Cheapness of labour. 4. An atmosphere peculiarly suited to this special msnu- 1 facture prevails in this part of Pembrokeshire. It is well I known that the highest numbers (that is, the finest qualities) I of cotton yarn can only be spun in pecu:iar temperatures, I and that many of the finer fabrics cannot be woven or ( manipulated in cold and exposed places. So mild is the climate of South Pembrokeshire that in some parts, as for t instance in the enclosed grounds at Stackpole Court, there e is almost a tropical vegetation, and plants thrive in the T open air which would require the protection of a greenhouse c in most other parts of England. t The following table gives the result of a careful analysis of the temperature of Milford Haven, kept by Sir Thomas 3 r*asley, at the Dockyard,- and whicn, lying expo ed to the breezes of the Atlantic frerni the east, and the keen winds 8 from the Presely mountains on the north, is by no means 5 the warmest locality ih the district: MEAN OP SEASONS. H < Year Year Tears Winter Spring Sum. Aut. JJaZof meaZ/ Seasons Months 1850 41.90 47.73 59.76 51.83 50.30 50.60 1851 43.76 46.50 59.23 49.60 49.77 49.60 1852 42.91 46.37 59.82 50.511 49.90 50.24 1853 41.62 45.90 58.49 49.77 48.82 47.60 Means 1 42..5;) 1 46.62 59.32 1 50.42 49.69 49.53 Mean of Maximum and Minimum, 1850-53. tEARS. MAXIMUM. MINIMUM. 11150 55.70 45.60 1851 ,f5.90 43.3) 1852 56.40 44.10 1853 53.22 41.62 Merfns 55.30 43.65 Difference between Mean Summer and Winter 16.77 Mean total riin of four years 32.761. The merchant, manufacturer, navigator, and general capi- :alist, as well as all those who are interested in the future ndustrial destiny of the country, and its commercial irogress, may perchanee derive from the foregoing facts iome slight notion of the degree in which South Wales is tkely to administer to it. (Tu he co itiitued in otir next.)

['HE LAST MOMENTS OF THE COALITIONISTS. (From an Anticipatory and Unpublished History by Alplionse de hamartine.) The fatal day was near at hand, for it was midnight. I'he commiseration of Gunter had provided a farewelTte- i.ist, which was set out in one of the Governmert offices. 1 rhe disgraced Ministers took their places in rotation. To-morrOw,said they; and they recruited their strength or this "morrow. A chap) tin from the Bishop of Oxford awaited in the I orridor the conclusion of their supper. He came to ad- 1 ninister spiritual consolation in the absence of his Diocesan who had discovered a bone in his leg. A Sister of Charity, ormerly a needlewoman, accompanied him to receive the ast commissions of Mr. Herbert. After the cheese was removed, and Drs. Bowyer and Phillimore had intoned the non nobis Domine, they were admitted to the apartment. With the wine, fruit, and flowers, the sedate Aberdeen had persisted in retaining before him a small barrel 01 caviar. While gratifying his predilection for this Russian daInty he had smutted his venerable countenance. But he said nothing and observed less, Wilson stood mechanically brushing his gossamer. The rest dispersed themselves in groups; some laughed; some moralised; some, like Charles \V ood and Grenville Berkeley, with the gaiety of despair, played at catscradle The virtuous Gladstone was calcu- lating his salary to the date of his dismissal, when a vase of holy water was tendered him by the chaplain. In his con- fusion he upset the sacred utensil, and was reproached by Herbert and Newcastle for his inopportune maladroitn ss The latter spoke prophetically of the misfortunes of tlie Crimean army, when deprived of its mostzealous prote-tors Herbert regretted the minor details of the administration. He had been too independent of the Parcels Deliverv Coin- piny. His lint and medicines had been discovered at Corfu; but he consoled himself with the reflection that his jams were double bladdered. If his preserved volauvents were a failure, he was candId enough to admit it. "You should have used the recipe of the Reform Club," said Gra- ham. without reflecting. I How mnch calumny will it take," said Hayward, who had come to take leaVe of his friends, to efface the remem- brance of this failure." "Vitriol is required," said Os- borne; "your blacking Was not strong enough." "We have, at all events," said Molesworth, "the consolations of phiiosophy,"—"and of the Mass," added Monsell. Here Sir Benjamin Hall flushed his lachrymal ghinris, and the torrent of tears carried away his spectacles. Robert Lowe, whose hair had been suddenly turned black-by this stroke of calamity, interposed an inquiry. ''What shail we be doing this day week, or even to-morrow ?" said the Ex- piree, with an air of speculation. Gl tdstone, who had hitherto been silent, now appealod to by his friends, joined in the discussion. "Ahs 1" said he "we were deceived as loi the age in which we were born, and in which we fall victims to popular odium. We are modern clerks when we thought to be antique statesmen; and we are living in the nineteenth centnry while we were dreaming of the middle ages. Let us no longer deceive ourselves. Others have been infamous and contented; but we arc disgraced and miserable. We could please neither friends or foes, and we have been most odious to each other. We have damaged our reputntions while ruining the public. We could neither job undetected nor govern even ollr tempers. We could neither preserve peace nor carry on war." A long silence followed this speech, during which Her- bert motioned to Frederick Peel for a scissors, i I was to cut off a lock of his hair. Keogh openef) his pocket book. ti-ok from it a bill of O'Fiaherty's. "Give this to my tailor." said he, with my parting compliments." At this moment a clock was heard striking the hour. At this the Minisers Collected for a last embrace. Some conversed in whispers; others w pt; others bl?w their noses. In the midst of this confusion the voice of Gladstone was heard prnying to St. Walburga that Disraeli may be inaudible in the gallery. Then 1 rumbling was heard without like the sound of distant wheels. 0 One vehicle took them away, and set their bodies down at their respective doors. Some years alterwards a bill was found among the accounts at the Treisur)-i To Omnibus for all the Talents, 10s. 6J. This WHS their last bill, and, strange to say, it was marked Settled." Oh! hitter deri- sion of fite Oh memorandum worthy of (Eichylus or Shakespeare —F~om the Press. X. C

INVESTITURE OF THE NEW KNIGHT OF THE GARTER. (FROM A MINISTERIAL PAPER.) In consequence of the urgency of the present political crisis and the inconvenience which would have been occasioned by the summoning a Chapter of Knights of the Garter for the investure of the Riiiht Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, it was resolved to hold a ''Private Chapel for that purpose. This, our readers may be aware, the head of the Order can, by "dispensation," allow, and those who are curious npon the subject may consult the Garter annals f"r precedents. The Pr. inier managed to get together three individuals a number which according to the rules of the Order, makes a quorum. Th, se were Lord Clarendon, K.G.. who could hardly refuse such a favour to his nominal c/wf; Lord Carlisle, K.G., who is too kind to refuse anything to anybpdy, and who, moreover, preserved grateful feeling towards Lord Aberdeen for having sent him the Garter to Turkey, to console him for not having office and lastly Lord Clanricarde, who is not a rtember,of the Order, but who was enchajnted to act as proxy to the Emperor of Russia, who is, and whose written "deputation had been sent over by the Czar to his friend of forty years' standing. The Bishop of Winchester, as Chaplain to the Order, was of course required to attend but his Lordship being pre- vented by his other ecclesiastical occupations from obeying the summons, Mr. Bright volunteered his services. He explained that, so tar as a clerical character was rt quired, his own successes as a preacher in a Quaker connection fully qualified him for the duty, and that his admiration for Lord Aberdeen's Russian policy induced him to forget, for once, the contempt in. which he held all such fooleries as thett about to be perpetrated." The Noble Earl charged himself with the purchase of the BlllP Bibbpn, which he procured in Tottenham-court- road. Upon examination be was found to have bought too short a bit, but this piece of economy was not attended with much inconvenience, one of his Lordship's ingeniously pin- ning the end over his shoulder, so that, while he kept his face to the company, the shortcoming was not manifest. His Lordship's library was fitted.up as the private chapel for the occasion. The, Emperor of Russia's pennant was the only ornament, except a large botiquet of very fine thistles, indicative of the other national Order ol which the Earl is a knight. A playful mot Lord Clarendon, who, on seeing the thistles, said, Oil! we have come into the supper-room by mistake," was received with good humour by the distin- guished party Some little stubbornness on the part of Mr. Bright, who was willing to take off his hat as matter of po- liteness and custom, but insisted on keeping it on during the religious ceremony, occassioned a slight delay t ut a com- promise was effected, the hat was reinovsd, and Mr. Bright J put on one of Lord Aberdeen's best cotton nightcaps as his official costume. Lord Clanricarde, as the proxy for the Noble Earl's sponsor and patron, was inducted to the p"st of honour, and the programme which had been specially ar- ranged by Lord Aberbeen himself, was then followed out. The Noble Earl retired into his washing closet, and was fetched out by the Earl of Carlisle, who brought up the proxy of the Russian Knight. He was ordered to kneel, which he did with great alacrity, and the following questions and answers were put and given Q. Who are YOlIl-A. George Hamilton Gordon-Vis- count Gordon in the peerage of the United Kingdon, Earl of Aberdeen in that of Scotland, and Keeper ot Greenwich- park. Q. What do yoa want ?-A. To be made a Knightof the Garter. Q. What for ?-A. From motives of friendships Q. Explain yourself, will you?-A. A valued friend of mine ot forty years' standing, belongs to the Otder, and I desire to become his sworn brother. Q. Any oth-r reason ? -A. Yes I am just leaving office and am not likely to have another chance ot getting any thing •f the kind. Q. Any other reason ?-A. Yes; I am excessively un- popular out of doors, and I desire to make the public be- lieve that I am in high favour at the Court. Q. Any other reason ?-A. Yes; Several men not half so deserving as mysèfF have got the Blue Ribbon, and 1 don't see why I should not have it. Q. Any other reason? —A. Yes I desire to annoy onfe John Russell, who is going to get me turned out of office. Q. Any other reason ?-A. Yes I am a Scotchman, and naturally wish to get everything I can. Q. Any other reason? —A; None that I desire to state. Q. Your reasons are satisfactory. Take that Lord Clanricarde here dealt the Earl the usual honour- bestowing blow, with a little emphasis. Lord Clarendon then tried on the garter, after a smart squabble as to which eg it belonged to, and Lord Carlisle delivered art eloquent ind flowery address 10 the new Knight. He reminded him that the Ordar wasoneofchivatry. and that its members were hound tll assail the stiong in defence of the weak. a principle which Lord Aberdeen had not perhaps exactly :arried out in his dealings with Turkey and Russia, but ot which he could now see the beauty and fitness He apprised tlim that candour and sincerity were the characteristics of a Knight, and that henceforth he mtfst abandon that system of leceit and double dealing which had brought us into the present war and he added that the vows enjoined the iit- nost loyalty to one's Monarch, and courtesy to women. linting, delicately, that the avowal of cbrdial friendship tor ine's Sovereign's enemy was scarcely compatible with the irst obligation—(Here Lord Clanricarde rushed out, under he preiente of asking what o'clock it was)-and that the exacting a decoration of honour from a quarter whence it nOst have been granted reluctantly, would ha\e been de- :idedly an infraction of the second had it been previously aken. But he added a.boDe thet the new Kriiaht I polish up his old.shield, and in future keep it clear of spots and splashes. Mr. Bright then delivered, as wac supposed. a seriegof appropriate prayers, but as in Quaker fashion, he remnined perfectly silent until, suddenly pulling off his nightcap, he demanded refreshment, this can be only maiter of surmise. The new Knight and his companions then proceeded to the banquet, and the first toast (Lord Clarendon dissenting) A as the health of Nicholas of Russia, with the sentiment, "May differences of opinion never alter friendship." Mr. Bright Sang He's a jolly good fellow," and when the new Knight's health had been drunk the interesting ceremony was brought to ii close.

KOSSUTH'S ANSWER TO THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. FRI RNDS,—You have sent me your "Chri-tian Appeal." -deriding peace at any price, not because you bold t pie- sent war unnecessary, impolitic.or directed towards a wrong ssue, but because you hold all war to be unlawful under j ,he Gospel dispensation. I have considered 3 onr arjnini nt attentively. Bear with me, for meeting ynti with f.on- scientious sincerity on your own ground. ly a pt;b]i<- iOswer to yotir public appeal. The Gcspel is yn.trautb.)- -ity. It is to the Gospel that I appeal sgiinst vrmr fa!«e loctrine. I call on ye to submit to the words nf II inl whom you invoke:—"When ye sliall hear of wn.s and commo- tions, be not terrified; for these things must fust coim to pa?s, but the end is not by-and-by. Nation shall rise agninst natio", md kingdom against kingdom." Thus says the Lord.— Submit to His decrees. And "think not, ll-at 1 am come to send peace on earth I came not to send peace, but n sword." Thus says the Lord, whom ye call the" Prince of Peace." And His words are wisdom, justice, nnd truth -Frepdom on earth, salvation in < terntty, is the aim t,, which mankind is called. We have a "Father" in Heaven. That is a word of immense meaning, and full of love. A father cannot have doomed hischildien to thral- dom, oppression, and perdition. To believe the contrary is blasphemy. But the end is not by-and-by." Like as we see in geology, that the w(,rk of creation is still poing on hour by hour incessantly, just as we see a revelation of his will incessantly propounded in history. KnolV ye of one single people delivered from thraldom hy some other means than the svord ? There is none, and none ever has been. Therefore it is that the Lord has said" these things must ,s ,tilt first come topass." It isthen.fore the L rd says, I cirne not to send peace but a sword." Respect the word of the Lord; do not revolt against the nvelation of the will of our Father in heaven. To allow iniquity to hear the' sway, when the sword could have arrested it,—to ri, et the chains of oppression over nations by treaties-, whin t! 1 e sword coutd have severed the chain, is the work of iniquity and not of peace. To plead for impunity to tyrants, for their encroaching upon their neighbour's house, for the oppressing, fleecing, and torturing nations, is as much as to plead for impunity to the wojves for devouring the sheep. Does it not strike you th;it to call iniqui;y. a'nu oppression by the sweet name of peace is profanitv and blasphemy You preach, Peace to tyrants, and good-will to opnr.*s sions;" does not your cons ience tell you that by so doing you are preaching war against the rights cf. man, and ill-will to humanity ? H ih=- thief breaks into your house, and robs you of your silver, do you »iye him your gold to boot for the sake of peace; or d s yoii call on the policeman to bring the thief to judgment that he niny be punished, and fyour property resto-ei? Whi< h do you do ? Ard where is the tribunal to which oppress, d nations may ap- peal against the crowned robbers of their peace and happi- ness, if it be not a sword ? Every tree th it bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down anc'. cast into the fire," says the Lord. !s there a tree worse than injusticeand tvranny? Yet :you plead peace to be a b.id tree, that ma. kind be forced to eat its poisonous fruit—oppression. Is that charity? For yourselves, who (thanks to Cromwell's sword) have 110 oppression to sufler„it is very well to s.y —" Don't war; let us have peace, that we may in tran- quility devote our energies to the pt-acefutpursunsnt com- merce a d industry, ani thus continue to thrive." [11.11 Europe is oppressed. Thrive and be blessed. I will not say unto you, "Lay not up for yntirselves ire-astires upon earth,, because ye cannot izerve God and Mammon." I wiil not say so unto you, because you are conspicuous by meek, social virtue. and by private charity. I would ollly ask you, do you n-pan tl,t your rt.J;gion commands you to be charitable only towards the passing private sufferings of men. find lorbids you to be charitable towards, the Lasting public sufferings of flatior)s-ot humaniy? If such be your religion, then beat with telling you that either you are not Christian, or your Christianity is like the prayer of the Pharisee, soundi.ig brass -nd tinkling cym- b<)s." I a'n full ol delects and fragilities: 1 know it. But I am deeply attached to the religion 01 my fathers. There was a period in my life when I had to-make a choice between danger to my life and my Christian faith. I do not boast of the tact; I thank our Father in heaven for having given me strength to be laitbful to Christ, and I earnestly pray that all of you may be spared the trial. But I siy U"to you, friends, if ( were tl) learn that the Christian religion lorbids me to oppose wrong, to devote my heart, my, arm, my blood, my life to the deliverance of nations from thraldom and oppression,-if it would forbid me to fight lor their fr edom, when there is no other means to mako them free,—I would abjure the dogmas of Christi- anityopeniyforl would bold them to be.a compound of hypocrisy. Bat, fortunately; .that is not rase. The Christian religion is essentially the religion of charity. Woe to them who make a diff. rence between public and private cbarity who restrict their love to their next neighbour, and remnio indifferent to the public sufferings ot their neighbours, the nations. tou may, perhaps, say that you love them; they have your best wishes and your prayers for their deliverance only you would neither fight your.-elves, nor can you approve of their fighting for it. YQU vi-ii them rather to be oppressed, and content yourself with feeding for ion hour from your abundance one hungry, and ftuthe one naked, and comfort one broken-heartid, while you entreat them to submit quietly to oppression, which -makes millions hungry, and naked, and broken- hearted for ages to come. But I say unto you if such be your. religion of prayers and of good wishes, it is not the religion of I-11m who was sent to,heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and to set at liberty them that he bruised." It is not the religion of Him who left us the lesson, that though I understand all mysteries, and all knowledge, and have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and have no charity, it profirethme nothing. You say it is written; "Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth, good will towards man." But I say unto you,your version of the Gospel is apocryphal. The text runs thus: '• Glory to God in the highest., and peace on earth and good will to (Gloria in excelsis Deo et pax in terra homini- bus bonce voluntatis.) Your doctrine of "peace at any price, war at no price," is good to ill-willing men. Bear good. »il; 10 all men, but when you see the wolves devouring sheep after sheep, then if you stand by with indifference, orjintrench yourself behind your comfortable security, 01 behind your good-will towards all- behind your good wishet and your prayers, and you let the wolves do, and entreat others likewise to let them d,n,-verily I say unto you your peace is iniquity, and your religion js. not Christian I call you to be charitable to the just against the unjust, tc the oppressed against the oppressors, to the sheep against the wolves-to humanity, in a word, and not to some crowned pirates and perfidious murdereis. I call on you to love your neighbours, the nations. I call on you to lovl the moral dignity of men to love not the comforts and tranquil pursuits of the passing moment, but the lasting welfare of yoyr own and of foreign nations. Patriotism is the noble source of civic virtue, philanthropy the noblest y source of social virtue, and justice the noblest source ol political virtue. Christian r.eligion unites this air: bec.use it is charity. But You may bestow all your goods to leed the poor, and still have not charity," says the Lord. Mike despots yield to justice and right, w thout havihg them compelled by force of arms, and ye shall be blessed. Bu', since you cannot do this, preach not impunihle security to tyrants, by decrying necessary wars. For "These things must first come to pass," says the Lord. As long as then < oppression, wars must be, 01 else the tyrant, delivered from all fear of resistance, would soon reduce ail mankind by the sword, permanently to the condition of a herd ol cattle, and of a flock of sheep-nay, to worse, for it is bpfter to be a dumb brute than to be m'in, and not to be free. Oppression and tyranny removed from earth, then comes the end of these\things which must first come to pass.' Free nations may enter a covenant of arbitration tyrants never will, never can. They rule by the sword they must be resisted by the sword, or else the word peace will be blotted out from the records of coming events, and tternai oppression substituted for it. War is a terrible remedy; but a remedy it is. The fire burns some, but it warms all. The hurficanp unroots trees, and dashes the ship to frag- ments, and buries men in the deep; but it cleanses the earth, and keeps off sltlgliation from the air and sea. Would YOII put out the fire, and do away with the hurricane ? These things must be. So it is with just and necessary wais. Help to make them advantageous to mankind, but do not shout Peace while there is oppression, or else you are guilty of shouting "Tyranny. 1 have seen a bust of William Penn, the founder of the City of Friends bearing the motto: Ilax quceritur bello." "Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth to good-willing men KOSSUTH.

THE WAR. THE SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. e extract the following from the correspondent or the Mor.ti"^ Herald:—He says, and the Afnrniiti7 Herald prints it in iraitcs No bo's have been erec'. d for the shelter ol 0 i:- men; and ;>s far as we can judge from the condition of the roads, it isjll be two or even thre,? months before the poor fellows are under rover, or screened in any substantial w*.y from the inclemency ofthewearhfr." It nviy well be the men and officers murmur Sicily at this negl -ct. Only- one or two w'nter houses have been erected, but even these which are not nearly finished, will nulyaccommonate 130 men. i he French have been huttedthesesix weeks, and sr. r. I so. have the Turks. It is only the English who still are in tents. THE CAMP AT TCHERNAYA. Not more that 5'00 or 6000 Russians were found in the camp on the left of the Tchernaya. The Allied force could have taken possession with perfect ellse. had they been pro- vided with Pony means forcrossing the river. It is rumoured that the great bulk of Liprandi's army, with reinforcements h-tve gone to attack Lupatoria, No one here doubts the tru'h of this conjccMtre, and, indeed, were it otherwise than true, 6 '00 or /(.'(H) of the allies could never have marchl'd ont to art¡¡ek thl' pntrf>fI;¡},ed (" ,mp of 4ï,0:,O mell, in the manner they did, j-esterdny. Yesterday evening the bivouHck fires of the t nemy were visible all along the heights, in the direction of Eupatoria. The Rus-ians luve received information of the la'.ding of 800 Turks nt Eupa- mri 1, and have gone to attack the garrison before it is still lui.her strengthened. Ui-less some officer more competent: than the naval governor whom we have appointed happens • to he ii command, the town may he--raptured without much exercise of strategy or generalship. We may well douht the qnalifications of any officer, who sends out 35 marines to lIct 011 unbroken horses as cuvalry, against a squ idron of 350 Russian Hussars, supported by four guns. The dehan on the opening of the winter Session has caused a considerable sensation out here, but I sincerely trust that by the next post I shall be able to point out the tissue of gross misstate- ments hy whifh the English public has been deceived. To Mr. Sidney Herbert some credit is g'Vi n, though he has evidently much imposed on; buttheDukeot Newcastle imist ha*e been well Hwnre that nine-tenths of his assertions had not even a shadow of foundation. I can, I think, p;ove this to the satisfaction of your readers. THE ATTACK. At K.imara was stationed an advanced Cossack picqnetof about 3v) 01 30 inen, who, leaving one of their number on a distant einlnei.ee, retired as the French advanced. The Z uiavps occupie.) the village, which had beenamosten- tiiely destroyed and carried away by the enemy lor building huts. 1 lie church w*s the only building untouched exter- nally. Imidp tile place was despoiled a:id stripped of everything. V\ hen we first came to this place, I once rode out to Kamara, in company with Mr. Murray, of the com- mUsariat, and we were both struck at the extreme magnifi- cence and beauty with which the churchwas then adorned inside. In that condition I know the Allies left it; and since that time it has been in possession ol the Russians themselves, who appear to have wantonly desecrated it in every possible manner. The place insiile is now a mass 01 tilth-the paintings torn to shrpds. and their rich frames broken and hacked to pieces. Thewa))sarescr.wtedat) over with mines and sentences in Russian, and the altar in particular has been disfigured more than any other part. All this I can prove has been done since the Russians "protected" the place. In all the exigencies of war we have respected their churches, but the enemy seems deter- mined to teach us better. The Zouaves searched the village, and captured three horses and s"me forage, several lances and muskets, and one Russian infantry soldier, who was cooking in the re- mains of a cottage. While this was going forward, the cavalry advanced about a miiotowatdsthfTchernaya, where some 300 or 400 Cossacks had built statues and huts for their winter quarters, The Cossacks exchanged a few shots and then retired in the same manner as from Kamara, but'keeping to the south, along the right tank of the Tcher- naya, which, swollen by the heavy, rains, is now a wide deep, and rapid river, not fordable in any part. The French set the to oJ/J the huts and stables of the picquet, and, continuing their career after the Cossacks. advanced to a considerable, and what certainly might have been a most imprudent, distance. The Zou.tves, having carefully searched the country round Kamara, Hnd convinced themselves they had nothing to fear from that quarter ad- vanced towards the Tchernaya, above the place, held by their cavalry, so as to check any attempt which the enemy night make; to, cross the river and cut off the force which had gone off apparently in pursuit of the Cossacks, Directly the Hussions perceived the effects of these manoeuvres, they dispatched a squadron of Hussars and Cossacks, with three guns, along the left bank, to watch the movements of the French force who were scouring on the right. Before the advance of the latter, two Cossack picquet forces rapidly retreated for about three miles, when they reached the village of Tchourgoum, a large and handsome place, for- merly containing about 3000 inhabitants. On the right of this the Cossacks halted and drpw un, as if to await the attack of the French, but the object of the latter was now to destroy tile village, not the Cossacks. The enemy seemed quite aware of this, and were evidently determined to harass our allies if they once entered Tchourgoum, and to secure themselves against such at'empts the French formed into line and charged. They were, if anything, rather superior to the Cossacks in numbers, but the latter on the other hand had the advantage of the ground. The contest was hardly of a moment's duration. The enemy wavered before our ailies s charge, and, after a slight shew of resistance, broke and scattered in all directions. The French were close amongst them, and pursued hot'y, putting to the sword a-1 who attempted ti? resist. Five or six were taken prisoners, with several horses, and about 50 or 60 killed and wounded. The rest escaped across the strone bridge which spans the Tchernaya a little above Tchourgoum. To this, the left bank of the river, the French made no at- tempt to follow, but hastened to secure and desttoy the village before reinforcements could return. Th-success of this day was beyond a doubt, and great praise is due to the Frepch for the admirable manner in which the whole thing was planned and executed. The whole loss to the French, I am informed, was only 4 men j killed and 16 wounded, with 2 cfneers and at this slight L cost they almost entirely destroyed the enemy's canton- ments, burnt 1 chourgouni and its stores, and destroyed all the out picquets'quarters and stables, as well as capturing some 30 or 40 horses and 20 prisoners. The Zouaves car- ricd;.n an immense quantity of p!ank3 and timber, for hut building. The Russians must, in the cannonade, have lost between 30 or 40 men and horses killed, and about twice as many more wounded. The correspondent of the Herald adds-Such ferayo as these the tnenlook forward to with perfect glee ard ex- pectation of a day's fun. It exercises our troops, and by successfully resuming offensive operations against the enemy which for some time pust we have not done, puts them in the highest spirits both with themselves and their position here. SiR GEORGE BROWN.—The Afcming Herald contradicts the report tbat Sit George Brown was 011 his way to Eng- land "invalided." We are glad to learn that letters have been received from Sir George from Maltn, dated the 5th instant. He had already felt great benefit from the delight- ful climate of that island, and his wound having begun tc fill up, he confidently hoped to be quite well in the course of eight or ten days, and to be able to return to his post with the army. How LORD CARDIGAN WAS WOUNDED.—Various ac- counts are given by the men respecting the manner in which i Lord Cardigan was wounded. One of the Light Dragoons said he saw three Polish Lancers charge him. The Lancers were instantly cut down by a party of the 8th Hussars, who came up to the rescue. The few of the 8th Hussars that survived the cavalry charge were presented at Scutari with £100 by Lord Cardigan. A private of the ]3th Light Dra- goons gives a different version of the affair, to the ► tfect thai he was wounded by the bursting of a shell and fell from his horse. REMARKABLE WOUNDS.——Amongst the more remarkable wounds observed was that of a youth who had received a bullet in one side of his nose. It has penetrated deeply, and has hitherto baffled the skill of the surgeons to extract it. A bullet has been cleverly extracted from the foreheac of one man, leaving a hole fully an inch deep. A young man, belonging to the rifle brigade, had received a gunshot wound in the abdomen At the battle of the Alma, and it has completely doubled him. Another of the wounded had re ceived a bullet in his toes, which had penetrated his fooi and came out at the instep. A YOUNG HERO.-On the day TINT the head quarters 01 the 82nd Regiment left Edinburgh, under command 1 Lieutenant-Colonel Robertson. a young drummer presented himself to him, and requested to be allowed to go with the regiment, instead of remaining with the depot. Thecotone) told him it was too late; aftetwards, when the train had pro. deeded twenty-nve miles on its way south, the young drum boy was brought before the colonel (as it appears he hac secreted himself among the men), who asked him what conIc have induced l.im to do such a thing?—when the lad saic —"Oh, sir, I want to go to the battle with you." The brave lad was much gratified on being immediately told that he might accompany his regiment. On some one remarking that all bis kit would be lost to him, it was agreed by some of the officers to get it made up to him. The above anecdote being mentioned to two kind ladiefi in Portobello, they, in a most liberal manner, purchased a supply of warm jackets, drawers, and socks, for this little hero, which have been forwarded to him.—Edinburgh Courant. A HERO'S RETURN*—Malone, the hero that cut his way through seven Russinn Lancers at the fearful charge ai Balaklava, is amongst the wounded Who has come home in the Avon. He killed three; and cut his way thrpugh the remaining four, but not until he had received If wounds during the fearful and unequal encounter. He broke one lance with hitP left hand, and seizing a second, thrust it back into tilie mouth of the Russian. A finer looking or more unassuming young man never entered the Queen's service. He is six feet in height, and well-proportioned. Ireland may well be proud of such a son. FORGETFULNESS OF WOUNDS.—A private in the Cold- stream Guards describes that while advancing to the dense columns of the Russians stationed on the heights of Almit, iftid when within 100 yards of the enemy's guns, he had his right arm taken off by a ball. Just at this moment he was going to join in a loud hurrah set up from the ranks, and determined not to be disappointed, he assisted in the shout and then stepped back. "You may not believe this," he added, but it's a tact, and what's more, I never was insensiole. He was a brawny, powerful-Ióoking man.-and no one could doubt his story. A FLOATING FORTRESS.—The following, says the Cowter du Hcwre, is a correct description of one of the floating batteries, called Ihe Devastation, now in the course of construction at Cherbourg;—As the object is to make it capable of resisting the most furious fire, no a tempt has been madetogafn beauty at the expense of solidity, and the consequence is that in 1Ij)1 earance it is very like the Iwgl" barges which ply on the Seine between Havre and Rouen, It is entirely flat-bottomed, so as to dtaw but little water j even alter receiving heavy aittllery. It is fifty-one yards long, and 14 wide, and will 1 e armed with !6 guns of 60. Its sides are of the extraordinary thickness of nearly thirteen inches, Hnd they are to be covered with sheets of iron of nearly 4 inches thitk. The ribs are from ]3i to 1St inches thick, and are placed very c ose together. The battery will be supplied with a screw of 150-horse power, and will be covered over. Its powers of destruction will be very for- midable; it will, in fact, be a floating fort. The Dctasta- tion will, it is expected, not be terminated before the end of FebrU:\TY. "t'l'HE BfcOCKADE OF THE BLACJt SEA.— ADMIRALTY JAN. 22.—The following telegraphic despatch hi).< been re- ceived from Rear Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons:—Being informed th^t considerable consignment of n unitions and contraband of war have taken pia: e Irom neutral ports of the Mediterranean to those of Odessa and Kertch, the Ad- mirals of the English and French squadions have determined on establishing au effectual blockade ofthepriteipa) Russian ports in the Ri^c-k Sea. and to notily the strict enforcement of this blockade from the 1st of February, 1855. Steps have heell tak. 11 10 provide for 1111 efficient torce being, prior to that date, stationed before the principal ports which are to be blockaded, furnished with due authority fur the purpose in the oame& of the two governments." TKOIIPS FOR SPECI H. SEHVICE.—The regiments in India are placed under orders for Europe, on special service —by which is meant the Crimea. There are four infantry regiments, viz:—The 23rd foot, the 25th King's Own Bor- derers, the 95th foot, tlu 98th foot. The 10th Royal Hussars hove marched from Ki keeand Poonali to Rombay, there to receive final orders. The above mentioned regi- ments will proceed by steam vessels early in Ni ar.ch to Suez, nnd thence overland to Alexandria, where stearn transports "ill b.,) waitin¡t to convpy them to their destination. It is expected that the 14th Light Dragoons and the 80th and] 83r-d regiments of Foot will follow. To meet the deficipncy in the strength of the armies of the three presidencies. occasioned by the withdrawal of so many European troips, the government of India is raising a large force of irregular cavalry in the northern provinces as a protection to the frontier. THE GREAT BRITAIN.—The Great Britain, iron screw steamer, which arrived in the Mersey from Melbourne on Tuesday week, it being surveyed at Liverpool by Captain Bevis, R.N., commis.-ariat. agent at that port, with the view of chartering her for the conveyance of troops to the Crimea. Other steamers are being surveyed at the same port and several sailing vessels have been taken up for the con- veyance of bay. The Amity, screw transport, left Southampton on Sunday morning for the Crimea, with 100 wooden bouses for the English army, all of them provided with staves and every requisite for the use of the occupants. The Swifrsure, j sailing transport, chartered by the French Government, put out into the river from the Southampton docks, on Saturday with 400 wooden barracks for.,the Fre:;ch army, and 100 officers' bouses, besides about 30 tons weight ot Btoves, the whole oc, upying space equal to 2,095 tons measurement. The Journal de St. Petersburg of the 3rd gives one-fourth of its news columns to the report of Mr. Blight's pro-Rus- sian speech on the 22ndlllt., in the House ol Commons. Four hundred of the Oxfordshire VI ilitia have volunteered for the Mediterranean, and it is expected that the whole of the officers will accompany them. NEw ROAD TO Tirt CRIMEA The Times, in a leading article, announces the discovery that the Russians have constructed a new road to the peninsula which makes them comparative ly independent of the isthmus of Perekop. It is psssih!e," says the Times, "for troops advancing into the Crimea from the interior of the empire to leave Perekop in thejr rear, to march along the coast of the Putrid Sea, to cross the otraits ot uenitsch, and then. by toiiincatnng the whole length of the dvke-likc strip, called the Isthmus of j Araba, to enter the Crimea a few miles north of Kaffa. This route was actually taken by a Russian general in the last century, and it still forms a commercial roaii between the eastern part of t'>e Crimea and the continent. Some nine or ten years ago, however, a road was commenced upon bridges atid viaducts across the Putrid Sea itself, a' d was coiiiplete-J, we believe, a considerable ti,iie be,'Ore t!ie otit- break of the present war." MENSCHIKOFF'S POSITION.—Prince Menschikoff, says the correspondents ol tlie Allijemaine Zeitung from Odessa of the 27th, can with difficulty feed the troops -tround him, and yet he incessantly demands reinforcements, tnoreespecially since lie has ascertained with certainty that a Turkish corps of 30,000 or 40,00') men strong will be lauded at Eupatoria. The Turks will play there the role performed a short time ago by Liprandi, in his position to the rear of Balaklava. As the operations of the allies were checked and hemmed in by Liprandi, so will the movements of Menschikoff be re- .strictpdandhampered. Every vulnerable point is therefore being looked to, and the works of defence around Perekop and Simpheropol are being recommenced with vigour. The forces which are being despatched to Prince Menschi- koff are anything but choice troops; all those that could be spared here and in Bessarabia are already in Sebastopol. Hitherto waggons wtre employed in transporting them, but that is now impossible, as the trost has not even improved the condition of the roads. Above ten per cent, of the ex- I peditions sink on the road from hunger and exhaustion, never again to rise: and of those who are hilppyenough to arrive a large portion are received into the hospitals. ALARM OF THK AUSTRIAN GOVERNMENT.—The recent sudden incursion of the Russian troops into Dobrudscha has acted as a stimulus to the Austrian Government. A circular despatch of the 14th instant, from Count Buol, to • the German Courts, adverts to the movement, as a reason for not believing the assurances of Russia that it will confine j itself to the defence of its own frontiers. Count Buol ap- peals to the good sense of the German Governments and asks them whether they can believe that the aspect of affairs f in the East has lost any of its threatening character. He f declares that it is the firm conviction of his Government that 1 the whole of Germany should be placed in a condition to >' command respect. lie intimates that the Imperial Min- f ister who presides in the Council of the Confederation at e Frankfort, has instructions to propose that at least one half s of the contingents to the army of the Diet shaH be immedi. B ately placed on a war footing, "unless the opinion should f prevaitthtt thewhote of the Fedora) army ought to be placed in readiness for action." It IS pretly ohvious," says the Daily News, from this document, that the Austrian Go- t v.'rntpent is seriously alarmed; that it feels it has gone too 0 far in its approaches to the Western Powers to retract: that it is aware the Czar will stick ot nothing to make it feel his I eager determination to exact vengeance for what considers s its defection from his cause. In the fears of Austria we e have guarantee for its keeping faith with Turkey and the ) Western Powers." r THE PROSTECTS OF WAR.—Every one (says the Paris r correspondent of the Morning Chronicle) now feels that we s must make up our minds to a tung, an obstinate, and bloody B Avar. The accounts which reach us from Germany show less and less confidence in the conclusion ot peaie. Not » only do the German papers begin to doubt the sincerity of ° the propositions made in the name of thr Cz-ir, but some of J them go so far <*s to say that Prince Gortschakoff did not l give in bis adhesion without an amountjof reserve which ren- s ders whatever he has done worthless. It is very probable 3 that at St. Petersburg, on its being found that the bait of accepting tlie four guarantees was noi gulped down by 3 Europe as greedily as was anticipated, an attempt may be made to show that the guarantees were not in reality ac- t cepted, or, at all events, that Prince GortschakofF had gone 1 beyond his powers. There may, therefore, be some truth in > the report given by the Gazette des Posies of Frankfort, i that the despatches which have arrived from St. PeUrsburg t in the course of the present week from the Austrian ambas- s-tdor shows that matters there are anything but pacific, and I would by no means indicate that Russia is disposed to make ? concessions." Indeed, all the German papers known to be in the interest ot Russia, and especially the semi official t organs of Wurtemberg, Saxony, Saxe Weimar, &c., concur t in representing the news of the Cnr having acceded impliciter s to the four guarantees as a falsehood and calumny. It is to be observed, as incicalive of the prospects in store for us, that s all the Governments, concerned in the question are making preparations on a vast scale, not for renewed peace, but for y n active and lengthened war. The Correspondence of Berlin e says that hopes of peace become more faint. The transfor- s nmtion,of the Defensive Treaty into an Offensive one was w r proceeding actively at Vienna, It was considered as certain that the war would be eontinued with all the energy possible, and that negotiations for peace on the part of Austria ap- s proached their conclusion.

e TITHE COMMUTATION AVERAGE3. To the Editor of the" Morning Chronicle () SiR,—On the 8th instant I corrvmunicated to rou the ,f result of, the septennial averages to Christmas.,lS54, as de- duced from the return published in the London Gazette of the 4th instant s. d. Wheat 6 0| per imperial buthel Barley 3 7| „ Oats 2 6 And that each XIUO of the lithe rent-charge for the year lo55 would amount to X89 15s 8ld. Several communications having been addressed to me expressing surprise that the value of the rent-charge should have gradually decreased since the year 1819, while the price of wheat has gradually increased during the same period, in order to show that this may be explained. I must draw attention to the mode in which the question ol tithes was settled in 1836. It was enacted by the 57th clause of the Tithe Commu- tation Act (6 ami 7 Win IV, c 71) that the amount of the rent-charge, as awarded or agreed upon, should be divided into three portions, and that every tilltie rent-charge s'hould be deemed to be of the value of such number of imperial bushels and decimal parts of an imperial bushel of wheat, barley, and oats, as the same would have purchased at the average prices for Seven years ending Thursday before Christmas-day, 1.035, in case one-th?rd part of each rent- cnarge had been invested in the purchase of wheat, oue- tluid pari thereof in the purchase of barley, and the remain- ing one-third part in the purchase of oats. In conformity with the above, we find that £ H0 expended in wheat, barley, and oats, Would pu'rchise the following quantities ot the average prices for seVen years to Christ- mas, 1835, all fixed in the, London Gazette of the 9th of December, 1836:—• „ Imp. bush. One-tnird, or £ 33 6s 8d in wheat, at 7s OJd per impel ial bushel, is equivalent to. 94.955489 One-third, or £33 6a 8d in barley at 3s Ilid per imperial bushel, is equvulerit to 168.421052 One-third, or £ 33 Gs 8d in oats, at 2s 9d per imperial bushel, is equivalent to 242 424242 Total 9100. It is, therefore, clear that the rent-charge was not a fixed money payment of £ 100, but only such a sum as the above quantities of wheat, barley, and oats are equivalent to, acCofding to the average prices for seven years to each preceding Christmas. The averages as Ipublished in the London Gazette may be shown to be correct by the following state- ment of the annual averages:- Wheat per im.qr. Barley per im. qr. Oats Der or 8. d. f. d, a. d 1848 50 G 31 6 20 6 1849 44 3 27 9 17 6 1850 40 3 23 6 16 5 1851 38 6 24 9 18 7 1852 40 9 28 6 19 1 1953 53 3 33 2 21 0 185* 72 5 06 0 18 11 7) 339 11 7) 205 2 7) 141 0 -0. 8) 48 6 8) 29 8) 20 1 Average par im-V«„, „ jiferiaf bushel 3 2 6 Ihe year 1847, which in the above account is replaced by the year 1854, was in consequence of the scarcity which then existed, one of high prices, and particularly so as to barley and oats, viz.- 1 1847- Wheat, 69s 6d; barley, 44s. 2d; oats, 28s 8d. On comparing these amounts, which are excluded from the seven years, with those of 18.34, which are added, it will be evident that the septennial average must necessarily be less than the preceding year, although the price of wheat A" a little more in 1854 than in 1847. We see that the £100 rent-charge was, fooni- the passing of the act. to be representt d by a certain number of bushels of wheat, barley, and oats therefore, if we value these numbers of bushels by the septennial average prices, as fixed in the London Gazette of the 5th instant, we shall find the value of ZCIOO of lithe rent charge for the year 1855, as follows 94.955489 bus! of wheat at 6s Oitl per im. Bt»h. £ 21 ] 5 8 168.421056 „ barley at 3s 7Jd „ 3:) 14 04 242J424252 oats at 2s 6d „• 20 6 X89 14 81 1 hopt, the explanation I have given will enable any one to satisfy himself at any future period, with the accuracy of the valuation of the tithe rent-charge,, as well as of the septennial average prices of wheat, barley, and oals. It may be of some use to the owners of tithe rent-charge to be aware that by the 20th section of 3rd Vict, c. 15, the half yearly rent-charge, which becomes due on the 1st of January, is to be regulated by the averages publish. d in the month of January in the preceding y'etr, not by the averages published A few diWs after the said I t of January. I remain, sir,your most obedient servant, CHARLES M. WILI.ICH. 0- a a- „ o u u"ivei»ty Life Office. Suffolk-street, P#ll-inallv.Iau. 23. J RHE DRUNRARDS AT A PINCH—Dickens's Houtehobj Words lias some revelafons of Sunday drinking in Gla^* In one place, profiessed'y an oyster store, a hole has cut in the roof, through which a bottle of whisky is fnr customer*, and r^jsM and made away with if the P0'1^ present themselves. A similar plan is adopted at ano'l1* house, which happens tn be immediately above a premises. An arrangement has been made with the public0 to supply liquor through a trapdoor cut through the"fl°°r' V\ henever the shebeen'- is drained dry, three knocks made on the door, and a fresh supply comes »r directly oy a cord lowered for that purpose. In a cerr»'» house, known to be a shebeen, the police were baffled f' time, till one of them lifted the kettle, which was the* nob, and found it filled with whisky. Several in High btreet and Bridge Gat<> are in reality whisky shop^ in disguise. In one of them, th<* shopkeeper, an Irishm*0' after he ser ves a customer with milk, will ask with a pecU»a emphasis, whether they don't want some "crame." I*. ■. encouraging to the cause of sobriety anc morality to find t", disgusting vice of di uvker»ness t'uis put to its shilt. t IHE RRIKNDLY SCCIETIES' ACT.—Some time since co-operative bakery was established at Stratford New 1 te members being chi. fly the woikmen employed at tn? bastern Counties ll^ilway works. From some cause ot er tbe business done did not realize the expectation* toe projectors consequently many ot tile Jukev.:arm mem ei- t w kk taken out the an.ount of their subscription money 1 ad and flour, wishing, as they fancb d, io back oat o ad or losing concern;" but it seem?; by « clause in V^ r tiendly Societies* Act' no meinbei- cin withdraw his n>oi"X without the consent of the tnajority of the members, unless the society's funds- will admit of the same. All sons being members are subjected to any debts contract^ y the society for a period of two years after withdraW'"» their names as members; such provisions being deemed 8 A necessary for the interests of such socities as for the securt J of creditors. The matter has created considerable inter' in the neighbourhood, and a case is likely1 to be brought u « d»r the adjudication of the County Court, with a view decide a point of law which many members were not zfint of. 1 he mode presented for selling disputes is f arbitration. In eleven months ending the 5th of December last, cwt. of foreign potatoes were imported into this cotin'r's' In 1853, during a similar period, the quantity imported ffa 992,104 cwt., and in JS-52, 4"5,871 cwt. • —

THE LONDON MARKETS. X FROM TIIE "MARK LANE SXPRLSSL MONDAY, JANUARY 29. in tfl' There was a liberal supply of Wheat on sale front t" home counties this morning. The supply of BarJer Ii pretty good; that of Beans and Peas moderate. The arrivals ot 0<its from our own coast and Scotland were Wj from Ireland there were a lew parcels in. There have b' larg.i imports of foreign grain since this day se'nnight of Flour they were limited, consisting of only 870 sacks ft*" Bordeaux. Variable weather has prevailed since our The heavy snows which fell early in the week gave way t0.j, milder temperature during three days: but frosts « perienced during the nights. These continue. W'L Wheat met a very limited demand, and prices were 2s 10 t per qr lower than last Monday lor the finest, with a quantity left unsold, and no buyers at this reduction. i foreign Wheat there were some inquiries; the business however, limited, at 2s per qr reduction in the value °Jte sorts. Town-made Flour remains unaltered in price. finest country marks were in request, at previous Malting Barley w?s taken off steadily, at nearly nJ"So inonty. Intermediate,sorts were Is per qr cheaper, i{- slow request There was more disposition to buy fine and prices were fully maintained. The sale of f limited, and prices were Is to 2>. per qr lower on »ample new..Fine boiling Peas were as dear, but hog sample* *e 4 "2s per qr cheaper. The supply of Oits now at market good, the dealers bought sparingly, and the consumers off a moderate quantity at Is per qr under the currency las' Monday. Linseed ;was steady in value and Little was passing in Rapeseed and prices were unaltc^* Tbe wintry weather checks business in Cloverseed; 8 parcels of French now drop in—these are at full prices* < P*r WHEAT, Essex and Kent, white ..old 72 74fine75 'q Ditto ditto, red 65 68 „ 69 ,n Norfolk, Lincoln, & Yorksli., red, 66 68 „ 69 L BARLEY, malting, new .« 33 Chevalier 33 ?j Grinding 30 jL MALT, Essex, Norfolk, & Sutlolk, new 65 66 extra L Ditto diMo old 06 68 ,• i.j Kingston, Ware, 8c tewt. in*de, new 70 71 » yj Ditto ditto old 68 70 lr BYE — _0ld44 OATS, English feed 26 25\. Potato.* 29, jji Scotch feed 29 30 old 32 33.. Pdtatof.. ■•'■SS "2 Irish feed, white 26 27 fine ai Ditto Black 35 26 fine BEANS, Mazagan 40 41 „ 42 *6 Ticks 4-3 44 45 Harrow. 45 46 „ 43 49 Pigeon 48 .50 „ PEAS, white boilers. —- — „ 48 FI Maple „ 43 Grey „ 38 FLOUR, town made (per sack 280 lbs).. — •— „ 68 Households, Town, 62s 63s..Country — — 34 Norfolk and Suffolk, ex-ship ,v. — — S'2 •> FOREIGN rRA-IN. a6 WHEAT, Dantzic, mixed aUtn 82 high mixed— 8-t- extr3 BARLKY, grinding Distilling Malting — FLOUR, French, per sack. — — fine American, sour per barrel — — sweet — IMPERIAL AVERAGES FOR LAST SIX WEI, s. d. I s f Wheat 73 1 Rye 46 « Barley *34 1 & tf Oats 27 7 Peas 4 SMITH FIELD MARKÊT.MèNDAT, JAN. 29-i The show of foreign stock here to-d«y was limited, ? j in poor condition. Compared with Menday last, the at I. of Beasts fresh up this morning from our own grazing diolllc- were on the increase yet the supply Of that description Of stock was by no means extensive. Its quality, bovte it# was prime; indeed, there were scarcely any inferior in tbe market. Tlie attendance of buyers was good, yet the Beef trade was in a sluggish state, at decline in the quotations of 2d per 8lbs. The highest fig0"' tor Scots was 4s l()d per 8lhs.. Frpm Norfolk,,Suffolk, £ s,e V and Cambridgeshire we received 2,000 Scois and Shprthor" from other parts ot England, 600 of various breeds; and t Scotland, 300 horned and polled Scots. For the time "t year, about an average supply of Sheep was on offer, in 9 condition. On the whole the Mutton trade was prices fully equal to those obtained on this day se'nnig"' The primest old Downs were worth quite 5s per 8Ibs. C'l'i# -the supply of which was very limited—moved off stead' T at full quotations, viz., from 4s 8d to 6s per 8lbs. The p0' £ trade was rather heavy. In prices, however, no ch8"^ took place.. 8 ,i. to the offals. Per 8 Jbs, to sink the offals. ■ s. d. s. d. e. d. 8. a Coarse & inferi- Primecoarse wool- « or Beasts 3 4 3 6 led Sheep 4 4 2nd quality, do. 3 8 4 2 Prime south down n Prime Oxen 4 4 4 6 ditto .410 5 V Prime Scots,&c. 4 8 4 10 Large Calves ..4 8 5 t Coarse and infe- Prime small do 5 6 6 nor Sheep 3 4 3 8 Large Hogs 3 0 4 v. 2nd quahty. do 3 10 4 2 Small porkers.. 4 2*1 Suckling Calves 25s. to 3 is.; and Quarter-old Store 20s. to 26s. each. BUTTER, BACON & HWIS— MONDAY, J+ The Irish Butter market ruled very firm during the P* week, and a respeclable amount of business was tr,DB#Cge at full rates, and for the finest descriptions an advance °LLg to 2s. per cwt. was realized. Foreign is unchanged. flf Bacon market is still quiet, the dealers merely purchasing supply their immediate wants; but owing to the Irish to vices of the price ,.f pigs being stiff, there is no disposition press sales, and our quotations ate unchanged—56s. to 61 landed, according to quality, &c.; on 6oard ^ery little d?' In the English Butter market We still note a dull J chiefly owing to an absence of good (Quality. Dorset,"0.' I()4s. to I06s. per cwt.; Ditto, middling 92s. to 94s. per Fresh, 12s. to 15s. per doi.

WOOL MARKETS.—MONDAY, JAN. 29. Shearing having commenced in some parts of England, increase in the supply of English Wool is anticipated. Th" circumstance, combined with the unfavourable advices tbe manufacturing districts, has been productive oTconsidC' able inactivity in our market. We have no actual decline notice in value, yet prices are supported with difficulty. MANURES-MONDAY. JAN 29i Guano, Peruvian per toii» £ r2 0 0 „ first class (damaged) ,f 11 0 0' Bolivian Guano Nitrate Soda 19 10 C Nitrate Potash or Salipitti'e „ 28 0 0' Salt w 2 0 0' Bones, i inch per qr. 0 19' 0 "I Dust „ ] l 6" Rape Cakes per ton 6 15* 01 Linseed Cakes, American, in bar. or bags!# 0 0*

ORDERS FOR NEWSPAPERS AND ADVERTISE- MENTS, RECEIVED BY" THE FOLLOWING AGENTS :— CARDIGAN Mr. Clougher, bookseller CARMARTHEN White and Sons, printW FISHGUARD Mr. Thomas Davies. LONDON Mr Charles Potter, 16, War Place, Kingsland Road' d' Mr. JoS. Clayton, No. 320,Str»"" Mr. G. Reynell, 42, Chancery-Ian: « Mr. S. Deacon, a, Walbroo* near the Mansion-house. »» .Mr. W. Thomas, 21, Catherin* street, Strand. « Mr. Hammond, 27, Lombard-st. R. Barker & Co.,33 > leet-street- '» Mr. H. Adams, 9, Parliaments* Westminster. MILFORD Mr. T. Perkins, Custom-house. NABBKRTH Mr. Win. Phillips, Regutra*. NEWPORT Mr. John Harries PEMBROKE Mr. Ormond, PKMUHOKK DOCK Mr. N. Owen, P. OJ. SoLVA.Mr.Johi Howetl- TENHV Mr. 'i human, oppositethe CliurP^ kiid by all Post-Masters and Nenrs-Agents through th8 Kingdom: and filed at Peele's Cotfee-lmus*. Fleet-stre«''» and Deacon's Coffee-house, 3, Watbt-ook, London 'rintedand Published by JOSKVIJ POTTKU, at the in High-street, in the parish of Saint Mary, in tl e County of the Town 01 Haverfordwest on KRIDAVJ the 2.ND i^AY of FEBRUARY. IS,' 5.

EXTRAORDINARY TRANSACTIONS WITH ASSURANCE OFFICES. A fery remarkable-it may be said astounding, statement of loans procured from life offices by a single firm has just been brought under public notice by the Post Magazine. The firm (father and two sons) are solicitors and the money was raised in the name of the younger member, under the plea, in each case, of its being required for a private per- sonal purpose, entirely distinct from the business of the Aim; but that the father was not unwilling to become security. In this manner, in less than four years the enormoassomof £73,000 has been obbinerl in loans, varying in amount I mm £ o0() or £ 5,0(t0, fiom forty three different Insurance Omct s. Of this large sum about £31.500 has been repaid and in addit on thereto neuJy £:W,OOO on account of pre- miums and interes; leaving still a deficiency on the prin- cipal debt o'f -S42,<)43. In only seven instancss have the loans been hilly repaid: Thecaseisthemoreremarkabte irom tlife skill and tecresy which must have been exercised in raising sixty loan*, averaging upwards of £1.200 each, in (fo shi rt a time, from more than forty offices, with nil the machine.y and references associated "ith < ach transaction, without etther office knowing what the others were doing. Surely the managers of these offices were more than a little at fault. Some ot th-m sadly belie their names and character. Thus we find the vigilance of the Argus so completely lulled that two toansof.et.OOOt-aeh were obtailled Tout that office in the months of M "y and June, 1851 of these one has been repaid in full, bui of the other every shilling of the principal remains u'hpafd. The English and Scottish," spite of its associated caution from both stdesof the Tweed, is induced by the repayment of a loan of £.10,000, borrowed in 1850, to advanced anoth. r of 3.500 in 18.54, of the principal of which it has received nothing. The" Hope" df 1,500 has received £ï50, with very little nifJZl reT ?der; Jhe ";Mon,mh" has three Joans of £ !,(XAJ each, out has only been able to command a repay- merit of something more than one-ihird. The N. w Equi- table Assurance" has an equitable claim unsatisfi. d of £ 5000 out of £ 1000. The "Prudential" has imprudently compromised the same sum. The «• Royal Assurance" a- tares us it has advanced £1000, of which not a shilling h. been repaid and if we may rely on the confessions of ,h qa Relience," that office has received only 600 and odd pound? in repayment of two loans amounting to £1,:200. The united efforts of the Union have not succeeded in (jetting back a tingle pound of a thousand lent. The united wisdom of the "United Mutual" succeeds a little better, for of £500 the sum of £ 251 has been repaid while the United Service" serves its shareholders with a bad debt of je333 6s. 9d. on a similar sum of £.500. These are only some samples of the extent and Variety bf these extraordinary transactions all founded on a worthless basis, and proving the existence of some radical defect in the management of the Societies which hate been thus victimised. tnouryoungerdaysourimaginationhaii sometimes indulged in wondering speculations as to the nature af the doings commemorated in a then popular air— The —— anions the tailors." Mature reflection can arrive at no other conclusion than this—that those pro- ceedings were very mrtch akin to Messrs Lawford's among the Insurance Offices. The subject is one of much interest to that portion of ihe public who are life-insurers. If public offices ihtis make •' ducks and drakes of cheir money, it is obvions that, while they risk their own capital, they diminish the security of their clients and the credit of the institutions.

LIEUT.-CCLONEL J. H. ELpHfNSTOXf: DALRYMPLE, of the Scots Fusilier Guards, who was ill on hardship in the harbour of Balaklava, on the 5th of November, no sooner heard of the attack on the British lines, than he rosfe from his siek bed, and, though suffering from fever and the effects of a wound in the knee, received at the battle of the Alma, made his way fo the scene of action, tnd, the senior officers being at the time killed or wounded took the command of the battalion from about one o clock till the sh.ttered remnant of the brave baud was marched off the ground at four p.m. This energetic action nearly cost the gallant officer his life; a violent relapse of the fever ensued, and « medical board decided onaendsng him instantly to England for the restoration of his health, which, we are happy to hear, is now improving. FBANKLAND LEWIS.—We have to announce the death of the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Frankland Lewis, a geuUeman who has for nearly 40 years filled various j offices of trust and honour. He was educated at Eton t and Christ Church, commanded the Radnorshire Militia t from 1806 to the close of the war. was a commissioner of inquiry into the Irish revenue in 1N21, and into that of Lrfeat BntAin and Ireland from 18 >2 to 1825 Secretary to the Treasury iri 1827, Vice-President of the Board of Trade m 1828, Treasurer of the Navy in 1830, Chairman to the Poor Law Commission from 1834 to 1889, and a a 'I lH^mi9e°ner.t0 inquire 'nl° th'" turnpike outrages in t D lr rankland Lewis represented Beaumaris in Parliament from 1812 till 18 J6, Ennis from 1826 to 1828. 1 Radnorshire from 1828 to l83o, and the Eadnor district smee 1847.—Times. I

Messrs. Mantes BoIines and Co. have received it letter ffrom heir Australian agents, announcing that they hove made irrangements to ship two thousand bolts of vfrool direct to Liverpool, at tiie rate of three hundred bales every three veek s. 4 Only two Russian men-of-war in Sebastopol are now armed rhe armament of the rest has been transferred, no d. ubt, to he defences of the place-further proof that the "inexhaus- lble resources" are coming to an end. I

'the Eiertin correspondent of the Daily Netcs does not appear to consider that in giving the Thetis for two Prussian gun boats such a bad change has been made. He Says The Nix and Salamander are both British built, having been constructed in a celebrated private yard on the baiike of the Thames. To call thetb gun boats'U is nurely a facon deparler, for they are vessels of upwards of 600 tons e-tch but from their peculiar fconstruttion they draw only about six feet of water, notwithstanding theirpowerlul armament. This, as well their great speed, lor they run with ease 13 knots, combine to make them a very valuable acquisi- tion for the British navy, particularly as they cannot fail to be of great use in the apptoaching naval cam; aigu in the Baltic in the spring." On Prince Metternich being asked his opinion of the present state of aflairs with reference to (life tohferences and negotiations for peace, heg«ve the following oracular reply My instinct inclines me to believe in peace; my reason to beHtve in war." A child was christened at Preston parish churiTi; ofr Sun- day week by the warlike names of David Alma Sebastopol. Punch was seized in Konigsberg last week it contained some verses disrespectful to the King of Prussia. Afr. George Nield, of Manchester, wa< i-m week fined £5 for giving an unstamped receipt for X2 lis lid. Cardinal Lorenzo Simonette, secretary of petitions to the Pope, died at Rome on the night of the 8tli. A church goer complains to a Kentish paper that in a church in the Isle of Thanet the air of "Sahy Brown" has been substituted for the beautiful and sublime Benrdictus. At the Callow Petty Sessions on Monday week, seven personf, two of whom were females, were committed lor trial n the assizes, for aggravated assVjlis on Scripture readers.

—• IMPRISONMENT OF A CLERGYMAN FOR ASSAULTING A CONSTABLE.—At the Petty Sessions, held at Chulmleigh, in Devonshire, rn Friday, the Rev. John Radford incum- bent of Lapford, in that county, was committed to the Devon county gaol for a mouth, for assaulting a parish constable. The defendant, a powerful athletic man, has been for many years much addicted to field sports, and from his extraor- dinary bluntness of manner and conversation, and his con- vivial habits, has earned for himself the sobriquet of "Parson Jack," by which terms he is known in the taverns & sport- ing rendezvous of the county. It appeptel that a few weeks ago the bailiff of the Crediton County Court went to Lap- lord, where the defendant resides, to serve upon him a summons for a debt which he had incurred. Being appre- hensive of an unpleasant interruption of his dillies, he took with him a parish constable, and it was alleged that, without any provoc; tion, the d fendant set tfpon the constable, struck him four times, and violently ejected him from the premises. On the other hand, the defendant and his son alleged that the constable brought it on himself, that after the summons had been served the constable made his appearance with something like defiance in his irhinrier, and that defendant, consideraing that the business Was oAer and that he had no right there, ordered him off the premises, but that upon his refusal he forcibly ejected him. The magistrates, however, convicted the defendant in the penalty of.et 5s., including the expenses. Defendant refused to pay a farthing, and the alternative being a month's imprisonment, he was at nnne i conveyed by a constable to the county gaol at Exeter, where j he is at present incarcerated. The defendant has a fam ly of thirteen children depending upon him for support. THE BEER. BILL. A disgraceful scene wal enacted the evening of Monday week at Nottingham. A public meeting had been called to petition for the entire dosing ot public houses on Sundays, which the opponents of the mea- sure contrived t6 pack. On the proposal of a resolution accordant with the professed object of the meeting, a man named Hutton Submitted an amendment, "that all churches and chapels be closed on Sunday," which was received with mingled cheers and hisses. Hutton, however, persisted in h^fing this put, and a forest of hands was held up for it. The original resolution was put and lost, amidst cheers and confusion. It was put a second time, with the seme result Sornebrody then turned off the gas. f PORT WINE.— George the Fourth, in his toarly days o good living, had some very choice and rare wine, which his suite, duly appreciating, consumed to nearly the last bottle. After a lapse of time, it was ordered for an entertainment on the following day. In great consternation the guilty members of his suite applied to Ion eminent wine brewer for assistance in their dilemma. He merely niquiied "Whether they could furnish him with H single bottfe as a specimen." It was supplied, and, accordingly,«on next day, a sufficient quantity of the imitation was ready for use, and the fraud remained undiscovered. There is a society in Londbn for the inculcation and extension of spiritual religion amongst medical students. Among the list of articles exported from Switzerland, ap- pears the item "snails;" ot which nine hundred and twenty- five quintals were sold for foreign consumption during the months of October and November last. Mr. Weld is prepaling for publication at life of Sir John Franklin embracing his early naval csfreer, which was ehe- quered by many remarkable events, and his various Arctic explorations, with the measures taken to search for his last unfortunate expedition. Sir John was a native of SpiWby* Lincolnshire. Twelve convict, and a hundred and fifty paupers were recently sent out by ihe Belgian Government, shipped at Antwerp for New Yoik. The United States police arrebted the convicts before the vessel refilled ihe wharf, and they were taken befftr Judge Behee, who ordered them to be locked up in theT mbs until some provision is made lor the [ conveyance of theffl back to Belgium.

POT A TO MARKETS".—MoNipAY, JAN. 29.. During the past week there have been very few arril either coastwise or by rail ;■ stitt, with what were left former arrivals, the supply vrafe Bftore than equal to the mand, and in most sorts "less mone^ were submitted at to1 season of the year.

HOP MARKET, MONDAY, JAN. 29. d Our market has continued about the same during the p*' week, both as to demand and prices. The supply of hops but small; but there appears to be a preference for.. reign hops, caused, no doubt, by the lower prices at wl,,e' they may be purchased.

TALLOW TRADE.—MONDAT, JAN. 29. Since Monday last onr market has been in an excited i" and prices have fluctuated to some extent. Tbe higher quotation has been 59s. 6d., the lowest 55s. 6d. per cwt. day it has a rising tendency, 57s. per cwt. being the price f°r new Y.C. Town Tallow 56s. net cash; rough fat 3s. 1^