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EXPERIENCES OF A BARRISTER..
EXPERIENCES OF A BARRISTER.. THR MORTHEKN CIKCUTT. About the commencement of the present century there *too(], nf-fir tii,-ceiitre of a rather extensive hmilf", not many miles di«ta? t from a northern seaport town. a hrge, sii'istanfi-itly-'rHiilr. but som< wV-it straggiinz hnilding. known M Craig Farm (popula lv Crook Farm) House. The farm consisted of -thont 01". hundred ^oresof toleraM>- «r--»b!e and meadow lind; and at the time 1 have indicated belonged to a firmer -if the mme of Armstrong;, He h"d purchased it ibout three war* previously. !it a <al.. held i-i ^■pursuance of a decree of the Hisrh Court of Chancery, for 'the purpose it' liquidating ertain costs incurred in the suit 'ofCrcig ww Craiz, which the -said high court had nursed 10 lonir and successfully. as to enable the solicitor to the I v — 'I1S claimant to incarcerate his triumphant client I Tor sever.v»ars in the Fleet. it satisfaction of the 'charges of victory remaining fine after the proceeds of the "sale of Craig Farm hid been deducted from the gross total. Farmer Armstrong was married, but childless; his darue. like himself, was a native of Devonshire. Tiiey bore the character of a plodding, taciturn, morose-mannered cou- ple; seldom leitving the farm except to attend market. and rarely seen at church or chapel, they naturally enough became objects of suspicion and dislike to the prying, gos- ■sipping villagers, to whom mystery or reserve of any kind of course exceedingly annoying and unpleasant. Soon after Armstrong was settled in his new purchase, another stranger arrived, and took np his abode in the best ap irlments of the house. The new comer, a man of about fiftv years of age, and evidently, from his dcess and gait, a seafarinsr person, was as reserved and unsocial as his landlord. His name, or at least that which he choose to be known by, was Wilson. He had one child, a dangh- about thirteen years of age, whom he placed at a boarding- school in the adjacent town. He seldom saw her; the intercourse between the father and dauehter being princb pally carried on through Mary Strngnell, a widow ol about thirty years of age, and a native ot the place. She was ^engaged as a servant to Mr. Wilson, and seldom left Craig Farm excppt on Sunday afternoons, when, if the weather were at all favourable, she paid a visit to art aunt living in the town there saw Miss Wilson; and returned home usually at half-past ten o'cfock—bter rather than earlier. Armstrong was occasiinally absent from his home for several days together, on business, it was rumoured, for Wilson and on the Sunday in the first week ot January, 1R02, both he and his wife had been away for upwards of a week, and were not yet returned. About a quarter past ten o'clock on that evening the early-retiring inhabitants of the hamlet were roused from their slumbers by a loud, continuous knocking at the front door of Armstrong's house; louder and louder, more and more vehement and impatient resounded the blows upon the stillness of the night, till the soundest sleepers were awakened. Windows were hastily thrown open, and pre- sently numerous footsteps approached the Scene of grow- ing hubbub. The unwonted noise was caused, it was fonnd, by Farmer Armstrong, who, accompanied by his wife, was thundering vehemently upon the door with a heavy black-thorn stick. Still no answer was obtained. Nirt. Strugnell, it was supposed, had not returned from town; but where was Mr. Wilson, who was almost always at home both day and night ? Presently a lad called our that a white sheet or cloth of some sort was hanging out ot oije of the back windows. This announcement, confirm- ing the vague apprehensions which had begun to germi- nate in the wise heads of the villagers, disposed them to adopt a more effectual mode of obtaining admission than knocking seemed likelv to prove. Johnson, the constable of the parish, a man of great shrewdness, at once proposed tQ break in the door. Armstrong, who, as well as his wife, was deadly pale, and trembling violently, either with cold or agitation, hesitatingly consented, and crowbars being «peedily nrocured, an entrance was forced, and in rushed a score of excited men. Armstrong's wife, it was after- wards remembered, caught hold other husband's arm in a hurried, frightened manner, whispered hastily in his ear, and then both followed into the house. Now, farmer," cried Johnson, as soon as he had pro- cured a light, "lead the way up stairs." Armstrong, who appeared to have somewhat recovered from his panic, darted at once up the staircase, followed by the whole body of rustics. On reaching the landing-place, lie knocked at Mr. Wilson's bedroom door. No an-iwer was returned. Armstrong seemed to hesitate, but the constable at once lifted the latch they entered, and then a melancholy spectacle presented itself. Wilson, completely dressed, lay extended on the floor a lifeless corpse. He had been stabbed in two plaees in the breast with some sharp-pointed instrument. Life was 'quite extinct. The window was open. On farther inspec- tion, several bundles containing many of Wilson's valua- bles in jewellery and plate, together with clothes, shirts and silk handkerchiefs, were found. The wardrobe and a secretary-bureau had been forced open. The assassin, 1)ad, it seemed, been disturbed, and had hurried off by the Window without their plunder. A hat was also picked up in the room, a shiny, black hat, much too small for the "deceased. The constable snatched it up, and attempted to clap it on Armstrong's head, but it was not nearly large enough. This, together with the bundles, dissipated a "suspicion which had been growing in Johnson's mind, and he roughly exclaimed, "Y 011 need not look so sacred, far- mer it's not you that's quiteclear. To this remark neither Armstrong nor his wife answered a syllable, but continued to gaze at the corpse, the bundles, and the broken locks, in bewildered terror and astonish- ment. Presently some one asked if anybody had seen Mrs. Strugnell ? The question roused Armstrong, and he said, She is not come home; her door is looked." How do you kno-v thit ?" cried the con-table, turning sharply round, and looking keenly in his face. HoW do you know that ?"—" Because—because," stammered Arm- Wong. "because she always locks it when she goes out." Which is her room ?"The next to this." They hastened out and found the next door was fast. "Are you there, Mrs. Strugnell?" shouted Johnson There was no reply. She is never home till half-past ten o'clock on Sunday evenings," remarked Armstrong in a calmer voice. "The "key is in the lock on the inside," cried a young man who Iiad been striving to peep through the key-hole. Armstrong, it was afterwards sworn, started as if he had been shot; and his wife again clutched his arm with the -same nervous, frenzied gripe as before. Mrs. Struznell, are you there ?" once more shouted the rowstable. He was answered by a low moan. In an instant the frail door was burst in, and Mrs. Strugnell was soon pulled out, apparently more dead than alive, from underneath the bedstead, where she, in speechless conster- nation, lay partially concealed. Placing her in a chair, they soon succeeded—much more easily, indeed, than they anticipated—in restoring her to consciousness. Nervously she glanced round the circle of eager taces that environed her, till her eyes fell upon Armstrong and his wife, when she gave a loud shriek, and muttering, "They, they are the murderers," swooned, or appeared to do so again instantly. The accused persons, in spite of their frenzied protesta- tions of innocence, were instantly seized and taken off to a place of security Mrs. Strugnell was conveyed to a neighbour's close by: the house was carefully secured; and the agitated and wondering villagers departed to their several homes, but not, I fancy, to sleep any more for that night. The deposition made by Mrs. Mrugnell at the inquest wf the body was in substance as follows: On the afternoon in question she had, in accordance with her usual custom, proceeded to town. She called on her aunt, took tea with her, and afterwards went to the Independent Chapel. After service she called to see Miss Wilson, but was informed that, in consequence of a severe cold, the young lady was frone to bed. She then imme- diately proceeded homewards, and consequently arrived at Craig Farm more than an hour before her usual time. She let herself in with her latch key, and proceeded to her bedroom. There was no light in Mr. Wilson's chamber, out she could hear him moving about in it. She was just about to go down stairs, having pIt away her Sunday bonnet and shawl, when she heard a nois" as of persons filtering by the back way, and walking gently across the k.tchen floor. Alarmed as to who it could be, Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong not being expected home for several d iys, s!.e gently closed her door and locked it. A few minutes after, she heard stealthy steps ascending the creaking stairs, and presently her door was tried, and a voice in a low hurried whisper said Mary, are you there ?' She was positiva it was Mr. Armstrong's voice, but was too terrified to answer. Then Mrs. Armstrong-she was sure it was slie-Ritid also in a whisper, as if addressing her husband, She is never back at this hour,' A minute or so after there was a tap at Mr. Wilson's door. She could not catch what answer was made; but by Armstrongs reply, she gathered that Mr. Wilson had lain down, and did not wish to be disturbed. He was often in the habit of lying down with his clothes on. Armstrong said, I I will not disturb you, sir I'll only just put this parcel on the table.' There is no lock to Mr. Wilson's door. Arm- strong stepped into the room, and almost immediately she heard a sound as of a violent blow, followed by a deep R"oan,!and then all was still. She was paralysed with horror and affright. After the lapse ot a few seconds, a voice—Mrs. Armstrong's undoubtedly asked in a tremu- loiw tone if all was ever ?' Her husband answered 'Yes; but where is the key of the writing-desk kept?' Ili the little drawer,' was the reply. Armstrong then came out of the bedroom, and both went into Mr. Wilson s sitting apartment. They soon returned, and crept steal- thily along the passage to their own bedroom an the same fJ.,or. They then went down stairs to the kitchen. One of them—the woman, she had no doubt-went out the backway. and heavy footsteps again ascended the stairs. Almost dead with frighr, she then crawled in under the bedstead, and remembered no more till she found herself 'turrounded by the villagers." In confirmation of this statement. a large clasp-knife, belonging to Armstrong, and with which it was evident the murder had been perpetrated, was found in one cor- ner of Wilson's bedroom; and a mortgage deed, for one thousand pouuds on Craig Farm, the property of Wilson, «nd which Strugnell swore was always kept in the writing- desk in the front room, was discovered in a chest in the prisoners' sle,'ping- apartment, together with nearly one hundred and fifty pounds in gold, silver, and county bank- notes, although it was known that Armstrong had but a fortnight before declined a very advantageous offer at 5?-Te-COWS ',e was desirous of purchasing, under the plea °t being short of cash. Worse perhaps than ail, a key of Me back door was found in his pocket, which not only con- rmed Stugnell's evidence, but clearly demonstrated that the knocking at the door for admittance, which had arousect and alarmed the hamlet was a poor subterfuge. ie conclusion therefore almost university arrived at irougliout the neighbourhood was, that Armstrong and ns wife were the guilty parties and that the bundles, the "■when locks, the sheet hanging out of the window, the my black hat, were, like the knocking, mere cunning vices to avoid inquiry. The case excited great interest in the county, and I tliT^i"? i professionally fortunate in being selected 01 '"r 'he prosecution. I had satisfied myself ,nt P^u-^al of the depositions, that there was no doubt uIVnJrrTnenSguih^'ui determined that no effort on •l»« L.i 8 *d be spared to iusure tiie accomplishment of >nv ononis 'us.t,.ce* I drew the indictment myelf; and in and "ddress to the jury, dwelt with all the force 'la'ure «rJfKICe ° w'ch [ Was master upon the heiuou- »>v whirl, ;»an(' r'le conclusiveness of the evidence ■uav her k «•" bn>"g'u home to the prisoner. I a nlatf; y w "f Pai ellthesis, mention that I resorted Plan in i,ly' e<-S 10 'he jury which I have seldom my lanmi'i J in n,y e>'es alu' "ddress- f each juror one after the other. 11. indifiiJu,) int-ll" erS at'<'r,'ss 10 be an appeal to hif tie view* of !,I|J re ponds to it by falling into f'*ll iuco th- arp«er. On thu occasion tfif jury easily ''•k-Wwii tn- °U.,l^l,U,.r U:ld -r,,t t,ltm :"U tr> PTo<lnce. c*1deiice in the evidence I hai; t.ficdly eanse ,,f the deatkwas srien- evulenceasTJ.Kr^'1 >•< ,hf" ot knife in the b„!roo.n of larg-s".na ut" m<>i»ev" Wi rk»^ 'rrg deed, and the ^lins »W tuTh £ t ■^y iuorin the ;n.i!e prisoner's 'ockef; and !ii* demeanor and expression on the nijht of he perpetration of the cnm-3. In Ids cross-examination "> :hf constable, several f.cts perfectly new to nie wert elicited by the verv aWe counsel for the prisoner. Their -aiorti,y had judiciously maintained the strictest secrecy as to the nature of the defence, so that it now took me completely by surprise. The constable, in reply to {uestions by counsel, stated that the pockets of the deceased were empty; that not only his purse, but a gold watch, chain,, and seals, which he usually wore, had vanished, and no trace of them had as yet been discovered. Many other things were also missing. A young man of 'he name of Pt-arcp, apparently a sailor, had been seen in the village once or twice in the compinvot Mary Strugnell hut he did not notice what sort of'luf he generally wore he had not seen Pearse since the night the crime was committed had not sought for him. Mary Strugnell was the next witness. She repeated her previous evidence with precision and apparent sincerity, and then I abandoned her with a mixed feeling of anxiety and curiosity to the counsel for the defence. A subtle and ible cross-examination of more than two hours' duration followed; and at its conclusion, I felt that the case for the prosecution was so damaged, that a verdict of condemnation w;,s, or ottzht to'be, out ,f the question The salient points dwelt upon, and varied in every possible way, in this long sifting, were these :— What was the reason she did not return in the evening in question to her aunt's to supper as usual ?"—'• She did not know, except that she wished to get home." Did she keep company with a man of the name of Pearsf ?" She had walkell out with him once or twice." When was the last time?"—"She did not remember." Did Pearst- walk with her home on the night of the murder ?"—" No." Not part of the way Yes; part of the way." "Did Pearse sometimes wear a black, shiny hat?"— "No —yes: she did not remember." Whore was Pearse now?"—"She did not know." Had he disappeared since that Sunday evening?"—j She din't know." Had she seen him t-ir,ce ? No." Had Mr. Wilson ever threatened to (titcharge her for insolence to Mrs. Armstrong?"—" Yes; but she knew he was not in earnest." Was not the clasp-knife that hid been found always left in the kitchen for culinary purposes No—not | always generally-blit not this time that Armstrong went away, she was sure." Mary Struenell, you be a false-sworn woman before God and man interrupted the male prisoner with great violence of manner. The outbreak of the prisoner was checked and rebuked by the judge, and the cross-examination soon afterwards closed. Had the counsel been allowed to follow up his advantage by an address to tile jllry, he would, I doubt not spite of their prejudices against the prisoners, have obtained .m acquittal; but as it was, after a neutral sort of charge from the judge, by no means the ablest that then adorned the bench, the jurors, having deliberated for something more than half an hour, returned into court with a verdict of "gritty" against both prisoners, accom- panying it, however, with a strong recommendation to m HCV "Mercy!" said the judge. "What for? On what ground ?" The jurors stared at each other and at the judge: they had no reason to give! The fact was, their conviction of the prisoners' guilt had been very much shaken by the cross-examination of the chief witness for the prosecution, and this recommendation was a compromise which conscience made with doubt. I have known many such instances. The usual ridiculous formality of asking the wretched convicts what they had to urge why sentence should not be passed upon them was gone through the judge, with unmoved feelings, put on the fatal cap and then a new and startling light burst upon the mysterious, bewildering affair. "Stop, my lord!" exclaimed Armstrong with rough vehemence. Hear me speak! I'll tell ye all about it; I will indeed, my lord. Quiet, Martha, 1 tell ye. It's I, my lord, that's guilty, not the woman. God bless ye, my lord; not the wife! Doant hurt the wife, and I'se tell ye all about it. I alone am guilty; not, the Lord be praised, of murder, but of robbery John !—John sobbed the wifp, clinging passionately to her husband, let us die together "Quiet, Martha, I tell ye! Yes, my lord, I'se tell ye all about it. I was gone away, wife and I, for more nor a week, to receive money for Mr. Wilson, on account of smuggled goods—that money, my lord, as was found in the chest. When we came home on that dreadful Sunday night, mv lord, we went in back wiy; and hearing a noise, I went up stairs, and found poor Wilson stone-dead on the floor. I were dreadful skeared, and let drop the candle. I called to wife, and told her of it. She screamed out, and amaist fainted away. And then, my lord, all at once the devil shot it into my head to keep the money I had brought and knowing as the keys of the desk where the mortgage writing was kept was in the bedroom, I crept back, as that false-hearted woman said, got the keys, and took the deed; and then I persuaded wife, who had been trembling in the kitchen all the while, that we had better go out quiet again is there was nobody in the house but is: I had tried that woman's door-and we might perhaps be taken for the murderers. And so we did and that's the downrights honest truth, my lord. I'm rightly served but God blest you, doant hurt the woman—my wife, my lord, these thirty years. Five-and-twenty years p, o come May, which I shall never see, we buried our two children. Had they lived, I might have bfen a better man but the place they left empty was soon filled up by love of cursed lucre, and that has brotight me here. I deserve it; but oh, mercy, my lord! mercy, good gentif men!"—turning from stony features of the judge to the jury, as it they could help him-" not for me, but the wife. She be as innocent of this as a new-born babe. It's t I scoundrel that I be, that has brought thee, Martha, to this shameful pass The rugged man snatched his life-companion to his breast with compassionate emotion, and tears of remorse and agony streamed down his rough cheeks. I wa3 deeplv affected, and felt that the man had uttered the whole truth. It was evidently one ot those cases in which a person liable to suspicion damages his own cause by resorting to a trick. No doubt, by his act of theft, Armstrong had bee-n driven to an expedient:which would not have been adopted by a person perfectly innocent. And thus, from one thing to another, the charge of murder had been fixed upon him and his hapless wife. When his confession had been uttered, ( felt a species of self-accusa- tion in having contributed to his destruction, and gladly would t have undone the whole day's proceedings. The judge, on the contrary, was quite undisturbed. Viewing the harangue of Armstrong as a mere tis,ue of falsehood, he coolly pronounced sentence of death on the prisoners. They were to be hanged on Monday. This was Friday. A bad job!" whispered the counsel for the defence as he passed me. "That witness of yours, the woman Strugnell, is the real culprit." I tasted no dinner that day: I was sick-ttheart;ForI felt as if the blood of two fellow-creatures was on my hands. In the evening I sallied forth to the judge's lodgings. He listened to all I had say; but was quite imperturbable. The abstinate old man was satisfied that the sentence was as it should be. I returned to my inn in a fever of despair. Without the approval of the judge, I knew that an appli- ;ation to the secretary of state was futile. There was not iven time to send to London, unless the iudsre had eranted respite. 0 o.n- All Saturday and Sunday I was in misery. I denounced capital punishment as a gross iniquity—a national sin and disgrace my feelings of course beincr influenced somewhat by a recollection of that unhappy affair of Harvey, noticed in my previous paper. I half resolved to give up the bar, and rather go and sweep the streets for a livelihood, than' run the risii of getting poor people hanged who did not deserve it. On the Monday morning I was pacing up and down my breakfast-room in the next assize town, in a state of great excitement, when a cluise-and-four drove rapidly up to the hotel, and out tumbled Johnson the constable. His tale was soon told. On the previous evening, the land- lady of the Black Swan, a road-side pubhc-house about four miles distant from the scene of the murder, reading the name of Pearse in the report of the trial in the Sunday county paper, sent for Johnson to state that that person had on the fatal evening called and left a portmanteau in her charge, promising to call for it in an hour, but had never been there since. On opening the portmanteau. Wilson's watch, chains, and seals, and other property, were discovered in it; and Johnson had, as soon as it was possible, set off in search of me. Instantly, for there was not a moment to spare, 1, in company with Armstrong's counsel, sought the judge, and with some difficulty obtained from him a formal order to the sheriff to suspend the execution till further orders. Off I and the constable started, and happily arrived in time to stay the execution, and deprive the already-assembled mob of the brutal exhi- bition they s> anxi >usly aw iited. On inquiring for Mary Strugnell, we found that she had absconded on tbe evening of the trial. All search for her nroved vain. bition they s I anxi >usly aw iited. On inquiring for Mary Strugnell, we found that she had absconded on the evening of the trial. All search for her nroved vain. Five months had pissed away; the fate of Armstrong and his wife was still undecided, when a message was and his wife was still undecided, when a message was brought to my chambers in the Temple from a woman said to be dying in St. Bartholomew's Hospital. It was Mary Strugnell; who, when in a state of intoxication, had fallen down in front of a carriage, as she was crossing near Holborn Hill. and had both her legs broken. She was dying miserably, and had sent for me to make a full con- fession relative to Wilson's murder. Armstrong's account was perfectly correct. The deed was committed by Pearse and they were packing up their plunder when they were startled by the unexpected return of the Armstrongs. Pearse, snatching up a bundle and portmanteau, escaped by the window; she had not nerve enough to attempt it, and crawled hack to her bedroom, where she, watching the doings of the farmer through the chinks of the partition which separated her room from the passage, concocted the story which convicted the prisoners. Pearse thinking himself pursued, too heavily encumbered for rapid flight, left the portmanteau as described, intending to cal lfor it in the morning, if his fears proved groundless. He how- ever, had not courage to risk calling again, and made the best of hisway to London. He was now i:i Newgate under sentence of death for a burglary, accompanied by personal violence to the inmates ot the dwelling he and his gang had entered and robbed. I took care to have the deposi- tion of the dying wretch put into proper form; and the result was, after a great deal of petitioning and worrying of authorities, a full pardon for both Armstrong and his wife. They sold Craig Farm, and removed to some other part of the country, where, I never troubled myself to inquire. Deeply grateful was I to be able at last to wash my hands of an affair which had cost me so much anxiety and vexation; albeit the lesson it afforded me of not coming hastily to concisions, even when the truth seems, as it were, upon the surface of the matter, has not been, I < trust, without its uses.—C/iam/x-rs'' Journal. 0
[No title]
Ikihh Railways, &c.-A deputation of Irish Mem- bers ot Parliament had an interview with Lord John Itus- ."11, the Earl of Clarelldon, and the Chancellor of tllP Exchequer last week at the official residence of the First Lord of the Trea-ury in Downing-street, when the Pre- mier stated that the Government would lend assistance tor the completion of the Midland Great Western Railway, but with respect to others he thought they were in a posi- tion to co into the market themselves. There were two Hher objects which had engaged the attention of the go- vernment as equal in importance to railways, and which, Nirh a view to the relief of the present distress, they were disposed to pro-eoute. He alluded to the deepening of rivers and water courses, commonly known as arterial Iraiiia e and tor the second, the extt-iision ofthe loans for and improvement. For this latter object it was known that £ 1,vtO,'WHt had eaciy been, voted hy parhalllem- 'O!lUI 1::¡OU.OI}U of which had heen applied; bnt to met" he nn t'erojsappticatio.ts which ilke Board of Works had ieen unable to satisfy, he would propose to parliament hat a further sum should be voted.—Sir .Lucius O'Brien isked if it would he within any reasonable time tint the litter would he Vrouglit bi.'foie parliament?—Lord Join: LUSKCII sii .hat DSS"O:i as the views of liie Cabinet had • en sufficiently tr. itured, the plan should be stated in tin I. lou.e 01 (;.1111111' I
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE;1
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE; 1 THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. The Assembly is determined to maintain its anomalous character to the last. 11 takes- every opportunity of vex- ing and embarrassing the ministry, yet dare not oppose it on any really important question. Its last act of spite has been to relnse the vote for General Changarnier's salary as Commander-in-chief of the National Guard. The discussion* of the week have been, as usual, violent and confused. On Friday and Saturday the affairs of Italy were brought under discussion. M. Flocon de- manded that the ministry should adhere to Lamai tine's declaration of the 24th of May. M. Bixio, on the part of the ministry, proposed one of those resolutions which, under a show of dignified bearing, mean nothing. It seems to have been constructed with the view of giving additional power in the negoclations to the ministry "The Assemby declares, that if the better to guarantee the integrity of the Piedmontese territory, and to protect the interests and honour of France, the Executive Power should think proper to support its negociations by a par- tial and temporary occupation of Italy, the National As- sembly would grant it its entire co-operations." M. Thiers spoke at great length on the question, vio- lently assailing the conduct of the Provisional Government. He rested his objection to any hostile demonstation, how- ever, rather on the weakness of the French army than on the principle of maintaining peace. One passage "fhis address was instructive, as indicating the force which in his opinion France ought to possess:—" He had at one moment feared after reading the manifesto of the Provi- sional Government, that the legions of France would have been imprudently thrown on the Italian shores; but he was soon reassured—(Laughter). The manifesto pro- claimed that the treaties of 18)4. were abolished do jure, but that subsisted de f<wto. Was there, he asked, any dignity in such language? No, it was an actof dangerous puerility. Those treaties, besides regulating the limits between the different powers, contained the most admirable princ!ples of humanity, the noblest maxims of the law of nations, the emancipation of the blacks, &c. The mani- festo of the Provisional Government, he maintained, had never been regarded as serious bv the Powers. M.Thiers then complained of the neglected state in which the army had been left by the Provisional Government. It amonnted in February, 1848, to 37^8,000 men, and it was only in June, under Generals Cavaignac and Lainoriciere, that it was increased to 431,000. In July it was further aug- mented to 463,000. in September to 478,000, and in Octo- ber to 503,000. Now it would require 800,000 men to commence the war, and the Provisional Government had confined itself to concentrate for that object, at the foot of the Alps, a force of 30,000 men, which would have been reduced to 22,000 or 23, 000 men on reaching the Adige. The Executive Committee was t < blame for not availing itself of the offer made by Austria to emancipate Loin- bardy and constitute Venetia into a new Tuscany. This offer was made on the 24th of May, when Austria, for the first time, departed from her habitual pertinacy, He rendered homage to the policy of General Cavaign-ic, for he had sincerely desired the maintenance of peace. The Italians had applied to his Government for intervention, and he had wisely offered his mediation. With the mili- tary force placed at his disposal he could only concentrate an army of 75,000 men on the line of the Alps, and another of 75,000 on the Rhine; hut, in order to bring 3)0,000 into the field. he should have had at least 800,000 men under arms. General Cavaignac consequently only possessed the means cf negociating. The finances of the country, besides, did not admit of greater sacrifices, and the assem- bly would have refused to grant the 800,000 men if he had demanded them." Ultimately the amendment of M. Bixio was carried by 414 to 320. The discussions on the budget have been resumed this week. On Monday, M. Leon Faucher, the Minister of the Interior, was attacked for having conferred office on certain prefects who had received retiring pensions. The matter was referred to a finance committee by 363 to 350. The principal prisoners at Bourges have been convicted. So far it appears that French juries may safely be entrusted with the trial of political offences. But it must be acknow- ledged that the prisoners were in little favour with the ctassfromwhich juries are taken, and that their case was prejudged before they were placed at the bar. The follow- ing are the xentences which were pronounced on the pri- soners — Barbes and Albert to transportation for life; Blanqui to ten years, Sobrier to seven years, Raspail six years, and Flotte and Quentin to five years each, impri- sonment. They were also condemned to pay the costs of the prosecution and Sobrier, Raspail, Flotte,and Quentin to three months imprisonment in default of payment. Louis Blanc, Caussidiere, Honneau, Lavirron, Seigneuret, and Napoleon Chancel were condemned by default, and sentenced to transportation. A conspiracy among the workmen employed in the dockyards at Brest has been discovered. The work-people are riiscontented because the government has suppressed one day's labour per week. The plan was to set fir e to the town, and to set the convicts at liberty. Several per- sons have been arrested. It is now understood that the French Cabinet is re- solved on maintaining a pacific policy, but an intervention in favour of the Pope is still spoken of as probable. THE SOCIALISTS. A banquet was given on Sunday, at the Barriere de Sevres, by the ex-delegates of Luxembourg. There were present about 1,200 guests. Several Montagnart) repre- sentatives attended, amongst whom were M. Joly (pere), M. Felix Pyat, and M. Pierre Leroux. As soon as the company entered the hall the commissary of police of Vaugirard, who was accompanied by three peace officers, demanded admission in the name of the law. His demand was refused; he took a note of the refusal and withdrew. M. Gautier, in speaking to the final toast, The Revolu- tion," passed a warm eulogium on the "itfustrious exiles" Louis Blanc and Albert; and with reference to these two "martyrs" passed a terrible censure on the acts of the present Government. M. Gautier was frequently inter- rupted, in the course of his speech, by cries of "Down with the guillotine i Death to the tyrants!" "Down with the political scaffold! These cries were in allusion to the execution of the murderers of General Brea. M. Proudhon's journal, Le Peuple, has been again seiied, and will be prosecuted for a repetion of its attacks on the President, whom it accuses for the fifth or sixth time of having contracted certain pecuniary obligations which would have ttie effect of binding him to a certain line of policy. The 6th Regiment of Artillery in Paris has been ordered to quit the capital, although its period of service has not expired. The ultra. Republican journals assert that its departure is occasioned by its being converted to Socialism, and that the men would not fire on the people. The Debat and Constituticmnel publish lists of the sub- scribers to the fund now raising by the committee of the Club of the Hue de Poitiers, for the purpose of publishing anti-Socialist pamplets and newspapers, all a counterpoise to the publications of MM. Proudhon and Le Chevalier, and the other leaders of the Socialist and Red Republican parties. The subscription already amounts to nearly 200.000f. The house of Messrs. de Rothschild has sub- scribed for fj,000f.; the Duke de Broglie, Count Mole, M. Duvergier de Hauranne, M. Achille Fould, M. Delessert, and others for 1,200f., M. Thiers for 700f. The committee continues to declare that its object is the conciliation of all parties, and the establishment of order, without respect to the form of government. The Bishop of Orleans, representative of the people, received the last sacrament on Wednesday morning, and has since die(l. His malady was cholera, which has within the last few days materially increased in Paris. The num- ber of cases given in the official lists up to Monday even- ing last amounts to 852, out of which there were 481 ieaths. M. Gioberii arrived in Paris on Tuesday night from rurin, charged with a diplomatic mission. He had a con- erence on Wednesday with the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The mission with which Gioberti is charged re- [ates to a plan, it is understood, for the general pacification sf Italy. Some disturbances took place at Bordeaux on the 31st ult. and 1st inst., which arose out of the rescue by the Red party of an ex-sergeant of the Garde Mobile. The pri- j soner was recaptured, and several of the ringleaders ap- ( prehended. ( ITALY. The decisive battle of Novara has sealed the fate of the I revolutionary party in Piedmont. The new King, Victor I Emanuel, has dissolved the Chamber, and is now engaged E in concluding a permanent peace with Austria. f Marchial Rodetzky has entered M ilitn with his staff, having been absent only eleven days. During that time f tie had invaded Sardini., fought three battles, in each of 'J which he was completely victorious, and had dispersed the c 3ardiriian army so effectually as to prevent any chance of li ts reorganization. The Chamber of Deputies at Turin, on the first news of the defeat of Fovara, and of the abdication of Charles Albert, made a show of resistance to the death, and uttered many Prave 'ords." On the same day the Chamber met, and M. Pinelli read the armistice concluded between the King and Marshal Radetzky. The most important articles were that 20,000 Austrian troops should occupy the frontier territory of Piedmont, and that half the garrison of Alessandria, to the number of 3,000 men, should be Austrians; that Sardinia should disband the military corps of Poles. Hungarians, and Lombards; that the Sardinian fleet should quit the waters of the Adriatic and that the King of Sardinia would promptly conclude a durable peace, and reduce his army to a peace footing. The Chamber made a great outcry on these conditions being known, and resolutions were passed that the armis- tice should be rejected, and that all the forces ot the king- dom should be concentrated under the walls of Alessandria. The Assembly also voted a most flattering address to the King Charles Albert. At a night sitting the Chamber declared itself en perma- nence, And decreed that the ministry who should permit an Austrian garrison to enter Alessandria, or recal the Sar- dinian fleet from the Adriatic, would be guilty of high treason. On the 28th his Majesty Victor Emanuel recived depu- tations from both Chambers, and spoke in soothing terms of the material modification of the armistice he hoped to gain. No Austrian troops had entered Alessandria, he said, and he hoped that stipulation might be dispensed with. When the Chamber again met its warlike enthusi- asm had greatly abated, aud, instead ofa call to arms there was merely a secret committee nominated. On the 22th both Chambers took the oath of elle«-iance and on the 30th the King published a decree dissolving' the Legislature, so that the Ministry, which has been strengthened by the admission of Gioberti, will soon be enabled to nogociate free from interruption. At Geuoa the popular effervescence has been more serious. A. great disturbance took place on the arrival ot the news if the armistice. The Genoese demanded to take arms, tnd the governor was forced to submit. But arms had no sooner been distributed than the people took possession )f two forts. Orders having been given by the governor o repel the mob by force, the soldiers on the 3lst ult. nade common cause with the people, who in their exas- peration against the governor arrested him and confined lim in prison. At the date of the last accounts theyenerale vas being beaten throughout Genoa by order of the muni- ripaltry. Private letters report Brescia up in arms, and the town bombarded. The Duke of Modena has left his capital, tnd transferred the seat of government to Brescello, after leaving a sufficient f .rce in Modena to suppress all turbu- lent attempts. Ni ither from Rome nor Florence are the accounts of any moment. The preparations of the Liberals for defence were represmted o»contemptible. In Florence,Guerruzzi. who had b*eii nominated Dictator, has addressed a pre damation to the Tuscans, assuring them that he shall u<f the unlimited powers conferred on him, not to suppress iherty, hut to defend ami preserve the country. Guu.- r izzi has confirmed all the Ministers in their respective ttii.es. SPAIN. ttii.es. SPAIN. There is nothing of interest from Madrid t/ijs week, but ¡ u appears that St*i„.r .Vlora, unsuccessful in Itif attempts I ru re-establish a footing friendly with England, is on ins **y back to the Spanish capital. -4 WAR IN SICILY. By direct accounts from Naples of the 28th ult. we tetrn that the English arid French Ministers. Mr. Tenip!e and M. Kayn.-vat. who x-ent personally to Sicily, in company with the two admirals, to make a last effort to accomplish a conciliatory arrangement, and to save the barbarous carnage which seemed imminent, had r "turned to Naples, their efforts having been altogether fruitless. In Sicily the prospect of a renewal of hostilities seems to have been hailed with delight. The Provisional Go vrnment had pnblisiled the following proclamation as soon as the English and French admirals g-tve notice that :he armistice was denounced, and that hostilities might be recommenced on the 20th Sicilians! The shout of war to you is a cry of delight. The day of th<» "29th o! March, on which hostilities with the despot of Naples are to recommence, will be hailed with the same welcome as that of the 12th of January, and with good reason, because liberty Can only be published by the price of blood. The peace which you were offered was ignominious. It destroyed at one blow every interest created hv the revo- IlIlion. You have won the admiration of all Europe but if you had been more forgetful of your rights, and had again submitted to the lying despotism of a tyrant, what would that world have sai I ? Sicilians! even though vic- tory be not certain, when honour is at stake, a nation, like an individual, has the superior right to immolate itself. Better will it be to be consumed in the flaming ruins of our country than to exhibit to Europe the spectacle of vile cowardice. Death is preferable to slavery. But, no; we Shall concllJer-we confide in the sacred nature of our cause and in the ardour of our souls. Look there. See the flaming desolation of Messina. War, then, is for its the symbol of vengeance and of love. One city of Sicily alone groans under the yoke of the enemy of liberty. To arms! to arms! Then, there, we must conquer or die." on Pe''Ple were rushing to arms, and from 60,000 to 80,000 men had entered Palermo to work at the fortifica- tiuns. When the contest recommences it threatens to be ferocious and sanguinny in the extreme. AUSTRIA. No satisfactory accoun's h id been received from Hun- gary. It is evident that the Imperialists have not suffi- cient troops to act with effect against the insurgents. The indefatigable Bern had overrun Transylvania, and had marched straight upon Herm mnstadt with 12,001) men and 26 guns. Col. Skariatin, with 2,000 Russians and 12 (tuns, kept Bern's force employed during eighteen hours, hoping to gain time till Puchner should overtake the ene- my, by which he would be placed between two tirec. Puchner, however, did not come up, and the Russian gar- rison was compelled to evacuate the town to an enemy so c ffi 8 superior in numbers. The Russians lost two officers and 91 men killed 101 wounded. Bern gave up the city to pillage, and then got clear off. before the enemy could arrive. This affair will bring the Russians into the field with greater force. The fortresses of Comoru and Peter- wardeim still hold out. SCIILESWIG- HOLSTElN. There is now no doubt of the instant renewal of (he: war. The official Gazette of Berlin, of the 29th of March, announce* that the armistice with Denmark terminates on the 3rd of April, and not on the 15th, as had been uni- versallly asserted. Accounts from Berlin inform us that troops arrive daily, and start immediately by rail for the duchies. The Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha has accepted the command of all the Thuringian troops (Saxons royal and ducal Reuss, &c.), about to concentrate in SchlesWig. His highness has addressed a sort of farewell address to the Thuringians on the occasion. The division under his command will consist of some 9,000 to 10,000 coinba- tants, including Saxe Royal. Great preparations were making in Denmark for a renewal of hostilities, and it had been notified that the German ports would be strictlv blockaded. TuscANy.-The Oenoa Gazette of the 31st ult. states that the Tuscan Constituent Assembly, in a secret sitting held on the 27th, had determined to confide the dictatoria) power to the hands of one man and that, on the follow- ing day, Guerrnzzi had been accordingly entrusted with the dictatorship. GERMANY. ELECTION OF TIIE KINO OF PKUSSIA AS EMPKROR OF THE GERMANS.—On the afternoon of the 2Sth ult. the Frankfort national assembly and ninety members Voted for the motion confer--itig tile imperial dignity on his Prussian Majesty, and 24S refrained from taking any part in the proceedings. A deputation of twenty-four members was chosen to convey the intelligence to the King of Prussia. UNITED STATES. Intelligence has been received from New York to the 20th ult. On the subject of the navigation laws it would appear that but little reciprocity of feeling will meet the concessions which are contemplated by the English go- vernment. In the senate Mr. Webster contented him- self with moving for copies of the instructions sent to the American minister in London, and declined to enter upon the merits of the question but it appears evident from his remarks, that the principle of protection, as applied to this particular interest, will not want the support of his great influence and talerit.-Froit) California the advices are still of the most encouraging nature. A Mr. Miller recently arrived from that country, estimated the collec- tion at thirty millions of dollars for the first year's ope- rations. In the meantime adventurers were flocking to this new gold country in numbers. All occupation, save gold-digging, had been abandoned, and the working of land in California for farming purposes completely neg- lected,—Mr. Clay has published a long and able letter, in which he recommends a gradual emancipation of slavery in Kentucky, His chief points are, that all slaves born after the year 1855 or 1860, as the legislature may decide shall be free at the age of twenty-five years, but liable to be hired out by the state for three years, in order to raise a sufficient sum to pay their expenses of colonization in Africa.—New Orleans accounts state that the flood on the Mississipi had damaged many sugar and cotton planta- tions situated on its banks; and even New Orleans was threatened.-The New York canals had been opened for navigation hence supplies would shortly pour into N=w York from theinterior -From Canada wehaveno accounts of any note. At St. John's, New Brunswick, a fire had occurred which destroyed 100 houses.
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MOTHERS AND CHfLDREN,Slr Astley Cooper ALWAYS strongly reprobated the practice of a mother negleeting to to suczle her child, when able to do so; and we thank his biographer for giving us the following convincing and in- structive passage from one of the illustrious surgeon's latest publications. We commend it to the attention of ftvejfy fine lady, who may stand in need of the reproof If a woman be healthy, and she has milk in her breast, there can be no question as to the propriety of her giving fit* it Ucl> a 1uestion he Put> tl,e answer should be, lat all animals, even those of the most ferocious character, tfow affection for their young-do not forsake. them, but yield them their milk-do not neslect, but nurse and watch over them andsha)) woman, the loveliest of nature's creatures, possessed of reason as well as instinct, refuse L ri ,n(|Ur,S^bment to her offspring which no other animal i molds, and hesitate to perform that duty which all the mamalia class invariably discharge! Besides, it may be truly saId. that nursing the in/ant is most beneficial both to the mother and the child, and that women who have previously been delicate, often become strong and healthy when they suckle. A femule of luxury and reiiiiement is often in this respect a worst mother than the mhabitant of the meanest hovel, who nurses her children, an brings them up healthy under privations and bodily exertions to obtain subsistence, which might almost excuse her refusal. The frequent sight of the child, watching it h. a £ t, the repeated calls for attention, the dawn of sacn attack of disease, and the cause of its little cries, are constantly begetting of feelings of affection, which the IT,0»t ler, 0 d°es not suckle seldom feels in an equal de- cree, when she allows the c.ire ot her child to devolve upon another, and suffers her maternal feelings to give place to In(lolellce or caprice, on the empty calls of a fashionable and uxurious life.-Lite oj Sir Astley Cooper. LIBERATION CLUB IN AMEMCA.—A 'Il k anc^ American radicals, at Philadelphia, f>n iishes a proclamation in the Philadelphia Observer, sne.ing prices for the assassination ot the "German lutocrati, emperor, kings, and princes, whom neither the ;ritreaties of the German people can induce to resign their -ontlition; but who, on the contrary, reply to such en- leaties with discharges of grape and canister, who em- "oy common executioners, like Windischgratz, Jellatfrich, Vc., to commit for them the most barbarous and shocking executions, and who even hire assassins to murder tbe riends of the people, &c,M We quote a few of the prices: ror the annihiliation of the Austrian emperor, 30,000 (- £ 2340); for doing away with the-King of Prussia, ( £ 2,000); for the murder of any other king or luke, 15,000 ( £ 1,300); and for the head of that commor. tangnian Windischgratz, 10,000 florins ( £ 800)." ITECEPTLOV np T«.«E» P.M/IT ICH IV PMVRR —At «>I early hour on Thursday morning week, the whole of the National Guards at Boulogne began to muster, awaiting the expected arrivals. They were in full uniform, but unarmed. The Sous Prefect, the mayor, the deputy mayor, and the ex-mayor, M. Alexander Adam, were in attendance to receive our countrymen. A beautiful tri- umphal arch had been erected in front of the Custom- house, on which was written in English, To the fraternal union of Englad and France." Between eleven and twelve o'clock the report of cannon announced the arrival of the Queen of the French and the Queen cfthf Belgians steam-packets. The Seus prefect and the Mayor received the visitors, and addressed them in terms of welcome. 1 his was responded to by Mr. Lloyd, the banker, of Lom- bard-street, on behalf of his fellow passengers. The National Guard then conducted the visitors into the town amidst enthusiastic cheering. It is intended to give a grand ball to the English on their return homewards. Lord Brougham was amongst the visitors The Standard stated, on authority, that the Duke of Marlborough has received notice from the occupiers of seven thousand acres of first-rate land, of their intention to quit their farms at Michaelmas. The Duke's tenants, we are told, make no complaints of excessive rents, or of any oppressive restriction; they are at full liberty to des- troy hares, rabbits, &c., upon their farms, and have hitherto been upon the best terms with their noble landlord, as they are still." They cannot, however, cultivate the land, except at a great loss, even at a large reduction of rent, so have made ttp their minds to preserve their capital. Many farmers in the Cotswold Hills in Gloucestershire are com- pelled to act similarly: and we have heard of several other instances in the neighbouring counties. This is the begin- ning of the end. A New York paper announces that another lady. Miss Elizabeth Blackwell, of Philadelphia, has received the degree of M.D., after having pursued her studies during three years at the Geneva Medical College. A few days since some boys crept beneath the dens of Womhwell's menagerie, at March, Cambridgeshire, in the hope of obtaining a a sight of some the wild beasts through (irevices in the planks. One lad thrust his hand through a hole in the polar bear's cage, for the purpose of removing some straw, when the savage brute seized the member, and mangled it so frightfully, that amputation will probably be necessary. THE IRISH COLLECTIONS FOR THE POPK.-It is an- nounced that the total amount collected in Ireland for the relief of the Pope will not be Ie-s than from £ 25,000 to £ 30 000, a tribute equal in value to at least ope-half of the -r;int which the English Treasury means to allot for the pur- pose of rescuing certain districts from the horrors ot starva- tion. The parochial collections for the Pope, in the diocese af Meath alone, amounted to ;6I,2M 2. 9d. Mrs. Bryan, ;>f the county of Kilkenny, presented her parish priest with a £ 100 note to be devoted to the Papal fund. A horse dealer who was lately passing through a turnpike ;ate at Boston, Lincolnshire, drew from his pocket four £5 lotes, in order to pay the toll for his string ot horses with one ,r tl,eiii, s iie ha-I no change. Scarcely had he drawn them rorth, when a violent gush of wind blew them out of his land, and !t was in'l until after a dilligent search of many iiours that three ot them were ibund, while the fourth still emains undiscovered. ENVY. — Niiiiies that lie upon the ground are not easily set ,n fire by the torch of envy, but those quickly catch it which ire raised up by fame, or wave to the breeze of prosperity, -.very oak that passes is ready to give them a shake and a •ip, for there are few either so busy or so idle us not to lend hand at uiidoiiig.-Ltiiidor, I.
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IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OK LAND. ) ,h?Tr! £ l'e cfe',1.™ps cultivated in the British Isles, the Tnticum class is the most valued and important It is divided into genera, species, and varieties, with others ,>f temporary habits, termed sub-varieties, which often ob- scured the path of the fafmer in his choice of seeds and a ZSlu!?,hi if 'Tr* °f C,Iim'Ue' sitU*"™' -o"l, tVlin r b'Vi !1' p distinctions being so that only"for'aV0 u •'T 1oC; ™d ha only for a very short period, after which thev take their place in the 1st of tl,inRs that were. StiM, however hv thei'r^'eveiV't °'' 't' m"y bV 1,10 mischief caused imo int We A- n°,ri,r" i"'°Ptlon 13 often of no small aliinTt adn^no- 1'eref,re',cal;ti^> oilr farming friends H. »S!«SEKIR, 'S SRI"' 7HICI' ",W" beyond our province; antl wesV.ll ?hnn<f lnfor"lal,on ,s selves to that wWi, i '• confine our- the Secified Ihiiu VV"8 °,t ,)rofitahle estivation within sent treat of ihe 7'• PUrPose' sh*» o»lyat pre- This snecies Jl'rl h^K"'n,m' °r winter wheat. the autumn and winter culture of this crop, merely ob- spring wheat ^oT/' 'hat thef frowtli of what is termed By a continue n °f °f l,ahit in tlle variety. changed • but thp I ° -e P™01106' l'le variety seems tbe produce maV kS y m-eans Perm:ineilt> and old habits. Ahhou-h'1hotl!>rt 3 P?rlod' b<' rest<>red to its are ,»f ri,Q „ A,l»ougli both our winter and spring wheat we Would S,il7 XCleS' a?d may be of tl,e 8iUni* variety, cotda J o' i n r -t,le P"ctice ot' them ac- they IrePenods l!esiK"^d by their names, because as snrino- wlf ™annet' naturalised to the difference. Bui barley as thev seldom of mt>re acrdble vdue than necessary »„ y„are 'm're W?arin« to t,,e aild «'e u. subject mH system Of farming, we will dismiss the tivation n? w'th our m4in object, the proper cul- tivation ot winter wheat at the due season. F I n a previous article we h'lve slated that wheat may be and fn !h S0W" arher £ rass> 'f <>" 'and '><* of good quality, the svcil Srate ° -CU Uire'w,"cl1 w°u'd be the result of incoleatJ'1 ,• croPPlnn and management, which we wish to Which iii" cr0f? of »"der the conditions to ahlp il> ^oldd be at least 50 per cent, more valu- prepared °atS' a"Ct WouIcl in no we*r out a soil so As file general culture of wlioat after grass differs very tint r',n 1?t t<Jl.low,nK fallow cr°PS, we may briefly state that the lea should (if possible) be ploughed in November, Ie»« U ? Iiece,n,lber> btlt not after January; and that at si it (lays should intervene between ploughing and sow- Ing, to give a solidity to the turf on which the harrows may act more powerfully in redlining it to perfect pulverisation 'eave a surface as perfectly level as if a tallow crop Preceded. A contrary practice having been the rule in most cases, when wheat followed grass, we are the more marked in our observations, for to that cause we ascribe many cases of tailure—the irregular surface causing an imperfect braird, and leaving ample lodgements for sIngs, which we well know to be the most destructive enemy to wheat ilfter grass. With the impression that the culture of wheat, after the fall,)w crops of potatoes and mangold wurzei, is very im- portant, although simple, and that the greatest care mtlst be taken to ensure success, we will, as briefly as possible, ay down the rules we wish to see practised :—The land aving been cleared of the fallow crops, is to be Weil liar- rowed both length.vays and across, and any remaining eaveS) stalks, or weeds( are to be gathered and carted off. It is next to be laid out in ridges 18 feet wide, and ploughed it, as perfect a manner as possible, a furrow not less than "even inches deep being absolutely necessary, that the roots of the crop miy have free scope in their search for fOld. In choice of seed it would ba impossible to arrive at any sound rule for general adoption, for, as we have before remarked, every district has its fivourite Variety, and we may add that they are, in general, well chosen; but as many of them, but sub-varieties, have no permanence, serious loss is often the consequence of their adoption. As a permanent variety, we may state that Hunter's wheat has held a deservedly high place, and although there are many other excellent sorts, we must award the palm to it rnermanence, productiveness, and fine quality. anri r. ie remarks we leave the subject for the present, Dicklin00"™ 0 tllL' Preparation of the seed for sowing, by DrevenF'.k i1S °Peration has a great tendency not only to io uive a iaSC termed smut> (scabies se9elum.) but also latter n ""ul,,s ,0 the seeds at their first offset. The surelv E UI ,,nP°rt™t; for a healthy young plant is one and irfefab e t0 resi,s! dis«"se than a weak o°r debate tice'than thlv S "n more .reac,l|y attend to this prac- be less precarious'6 th6'Ir c'lf|nce ot success would urh^Invin^I0" 'S thl,s. performed: —A quantity of stale with it SiP Pre,,ulous|y collected, a tub half-filled of the seeH i 0n e.barn floor, and one or two bushels put into itpr°p°«1?n to the size of the tub, may b? lighter grains anrf' Strmng the seeds wel1' so that a11 llie skimmed off ?°me. l° l'* l°P 8,1,1 be the pickle for about t ? wheat has remained in «ieve«, andZSZZT^T*' ltis>° be strai"ed lime over it, to dry the "'l1' a Portion ot hof that it may be equally drSv t0 be wel1 mixed» and whether the hand or m i "r °Pe)rat,on ot sowing cess is equally necessarv fW1'r'f-IS -U tbe dry'"8 pr°- ing err spreading of tlm facilitating the exact scatter- The next to I °.V-r the s,,rfa^ofthe soil, tile field, and sown • and^ r s^c'<s c'ose carts to vegetative powers would If* '• ?ny delay'"Evened, the pickled in the tnnrmr>» .1 lnJur«d, no more should be s'XnM wo iirhpr an ear,hen or stone flooR a (la?o .•Id it be allowed be rendered usefps's F .PaPed UP' ,u wdl soon ferment and recommended h r °ng plck,e of salt an<l water is hT.TZtdf0hJJTe ers as a suhs,i,ute for urine, of disease SCCUre at> dgent in the Prevention We have before stated our reasons for the preference we revento'u' fWtl °Ver drill!nS' an(1 ™t now lanH 1 ,r than to state that well-formed wheat- crm> IT h0t 'T,re,t0, be SUininer-hoed, and that a larger system. produced tl,e broadcast than by the drill ac^ehbVthisnmodef 7fd W-h'ch Wi" be re1',ired for a Scotch for the e .rlvTowinl^farmmg may vary from 3 to 3 £ bushels; After the sowing fc.sn?allef Quantity will be sufficient. Put in motion ? 10 advance, the harrows will be across tin the seeds are w C1?"tlnuec,, h01'1 lengthways and Pulverised. It w|ii thZf hTn ,and Perfectly the leading furrow' 1,gh-t y water-furrowed, and well lanKrrd^irf OUt WHU the sPa^- IWver thaw may come and wilfrp' •torrf"t of rail1 or a sudcten the escape of a' body of warerf tlll,sass,st ,nce to-facilitate sorbed by the drains .ar £ e t0 be readily ab- tbaw, when the land'hpln'C!l!a ln tbe case of a <l'lic't bard. No atte !n U „ the Surface wouId bf> frozen promote the process of Mn»neCeSSlryitlllJrpr,ng' when. to up by the action tillering, the land may be stirred consolidated by the roller ° t ghu harrows' a,,d afterwards great ilouer. i o these operations we attach from them is soon the llealthful viguor^hich springs A cnmmA ? apparent to the most careless observer, cron ht>« Pr,act,ce Is to sow grass seeds with the wheat Dra<v;„ ,n this system of farming we should confine that practice to ,l,e barley crops. The various operations of culture being now completed, °re ls t0 be ^'le till the approach of harvest; but the le'lto,JS operations of harvesting will afford materials r.,a 'we paper, whp-t r<f co,,c',Jding the present remarks on the culture of vi- would notice the diseases to which it is subject, • Dll8ht, mildew, rust, smut, Sic. These, we believe, are, .-a. £ r]eat measure, caused by injudicious cultivation—par- cuiarly by the too frequent return to grain crops, without ,.Venin.g green or fallow crops—a practice which creates ueiicacy jn the system of the plant, rendering it peculiarly usceptible of injury from any of the untoward states of the amosphere to which our variable climate is exposed*— Scottish Ayricultierul Journal.
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THE QUARTER'S REVENUE.—The quarterly returns of n'e rfvenue are, on the whole, of a satisfactory nature, f-inn Cust0,s the quarter there is an increase of I'he monthly returns ot trade and navigation, exhibiting, as they have lately done, a steady increase of exports and imports, explain this improvement in the re- venue. The excise of the quarter exhibits a contrary re- T? decrease to tbe amount of £ 182,026. The stamps Xlnbit a decrease of ^69,467, partly owing to a change in accounts, but chiefly, it may be presumed, to the decrease speculative transactions, for notwithstanding the great "actuation-? of the share-market, the proportion of shares 1.. 1. lave actually changed hands,and paid the stamp-duty, "as lately been very insignificant. The property-tax is Jess by £ 30,121. The post-office, crown lands, and "mis- cellaneous" show respectively an improvement to the amount of £13,000, £19,000. and £14-.4S.S. On the year, the customs exhibit an increase of .et,t96,554 the excise /Vo C-»etaSe £ ^9,G32; and the stamps a decrease of .ol. The two last items partly account for another, carriage duties and some other items having been tr-iris- ferred during the year from the stamps to the excise. The property-tax shows a decrease of £ 142,125. There is atso. an annua] decrease of the assessed taxes to the amount of £ 28,668. On the ordinary revenue of the whole year there* Is an aggregate improvement of £ 805,823. NKW ZBALAND.—In Europe, the continent is richer than the antipodes, the islands are richer than the conti- nent. New Zealand, the last colony of England, promises to be one of the noblest of the British possessions. It may either be regarded a9 one island, fifteen hundred miles long, or as three, divided by boisterous channels, and lashed everywhere by a roaring ocean. It has remarkable advan- tages for coloiiisation-a fertile soil, boundless forests, beds of minerals, and picturesque beauty. The mountains in its interior have all the granduer of the Alps, with more than their forest clothing, and (more picturesque than all) with the volcano, which is wanting to the supremacy of the Alps. It has table -lands for the agriculturist, sites on a luxuriant coast for cities, fine harbours for commerce copious rivers for communication, and mountains of from twelve to fourteen thousand feet high, to irrigate the soil and supply the heated regions with the luxury of perpetuai ice. The climate seems to be healthy; and the country by its boldness, storms, varying temperature, and even by the roughness of the billows which toss for ever on its shore, appears destined for the school of Englishmen and English constitutions.-Artiele in Blackicood for April, on Johnson's I'hysicul Gectqrapkil. THE FORFEITED LEGACY.—A correspondent, writing from Rome, gives the following auecdote, which will doubtless bring to public recollection a celebrated corres- pondence that created no little notoriety some few years since. The writer is alluding to Mazzini, whose recent reception in the representative assembly was, he says, mdst cordial and complimentary. His fame (he adds), has greatly grown since it was first commenced by Sir J. Gra- ham, when at the joint request of Carlo Alberto, Gregory, and Leopold, his letters were seized in the London Post- otlice by the knight ot the Netherby. This, indeed, made him awake one morning "famous." I could tell you a very serious occurrence, which involved the 10-3 ofa legacy ot some £ 70,000 to a banker at Floience, all through the similarity of name, which caused his letters, addressed to a venerable old gentleman of the name of Massinghi, in hngland (well known among theearly associates of George \r .°"rtb before Crockford's reign) to be mistaken for M ;izzini correspondence, and intercepted. T!;e old gentle- man disinherited his Florentine connection on the express ground of neglecting to write as usual.—John Bull. A professor in a universuy, during a botanical leclure took great pride in a disco' erv he had made ot a very un- common species of the settle, which he informed the auditory possessed every other property of the nettle but that it did not sting. A wag, in the secret, had unluckily changed the specimen, and introduced the common nettle in its place. "You se;, gentlemen," snid the professor that it does not sting. He then applied his hand to it' ;md, wiili eager astonishment he added, "Drat it but •; n does though."
-..------ALTERED STATE of…
ALTERED STATE of THE COUNTRY UNDER F R F, K-T R AI) E M E A S U R E S. We are indebted to a corresoondent, who has written and published much upon the subject, for the following remarks b At no period of her commercial history have the affairs of Britain worn an aspect so very discouraging in no direction is ther-a r;,y of hope discernible. In former tunes remunerative na ive industry enabled lis to suppon one another; now ,te are made, by Ipgislativl- en..Jctrnents, a prey Lo every other country on earth, without the power of resistance. The ministerial Imghear of the potato failure has run its course* and is no lonsrer a tub for tbe whale.' Tlv< money panic, which doubled the fortunes of Pe"l, Roths- child, Baring, Cohden Wood. &c., &c., having performed the part assgned to it, has passed hwav. And over-trading (which never wodld have been known or felt as such but for the creations of the money panic.) cannot now be as- signed as the cause of the present depression The dis- turbed state of the continent still furnishes a straw for the drowning free-traders to catch at, in order to save their reputation a little longer; but the man must be sadly deficient of information who cannot see that but for the recent and present state of our neighbours, the balance of trade would havp been more against us than it is, because their low priced industry would n )t have been interrupted at home, and its manufactures would have pressed harder upon the industry of this country. There is a proposition which is indisputable, and which should nev-r for a moment be lost sight of, the fact of the home consumption of British manufactures being as four to one compared with the foreign consumption. And that at lehst, three-fourths of the home consumption depends upon the ability of the agricultural population, and those dependent unon that iriterest to buy; consequently where- through inability, that great body of consumers are com- pelled to keep out of the market, the manufacturers are not employed at remunerating prices; it is, therefore, ob-1 viously the interest of the manufacturer ihat the ability to purchase should be preserved by his employers. By the t-ken it Is no less obviously the iriterust of the agricultu- rist to protect the manufacturing industry of the country from being injured by the low-priced foreign labour as in proportion to the condition of the manufacturer, must, in a great degree, be the amount of demand for produce. In this way, the interests ot the parties cannot be separated they must stand or fall together; and in Britain neither can prosper without due protection It is an alarming fact, and such as cannot be contra- dicted, that (he property of every man in the country, from the peer to the peasant, (excepting always the fund- bolders for whose benefit alone the whole course of British legislation has been altered,) has, since, the legis- lature resolved that British capital and industry should have no protection, decreased to the extent of one-third. A ow, there can be no mistake as td the cause of this de- crease, seeing that .here has not, during that period, been any change irt the condition ot Britain, excepting the ope- ration of the bastard free-trade while other causes have also been in operation, from the effect of which improve- ment might have been anticipated, such as the great in-- O^FTJADT'SCHS'NA^1^ CAP,TA,'AND '♦ I inquire infto the relative position of the land-owner fifth Tl, -l,e, V1-lu e"f h's. Property is reduced one- mth. Ihe agriculturist I find in the same Position „u the landowners --n. "I turn to the manufacturer expecting (as he himseli foolishly did) to find him so much rkher in consequence of the depressed condition of the landowner and tbe agri- culturist. He, however, assures irfe that so far from his condition being improved, his property has fallen in value, at least, one-fourth and that such is the state of trade and prices; that were it not to preserve, if possible, even the reduced value of his works, he would follow the ex- ample of, at least, one-fourth, if not one-third of his neigh- bours, and shut them up. The general merchant I find completely paralised; everything has been unsettled, and is daily changing. He has suffered, great loss by the change, and will not risk the remainder of his capital in any new adventure. I converse with the retail dealer or shop-keeper, who assures me that, although lie has reduced his charges to a mere nhdo-v above the cost of the arricle; yet his trade has fallen off one-half, whilst his taxes have been raised, and that he is now living upon his capital. I distuss the subject with professional men, who agiee that their fees are fewer and smaller within the last two years than they ever before experienced. "Thus baffled in my endeavours to discover the retreat of a)) thfs; enormoMs deficiencies, I make a tour among the operatives, to discover whether it was for their benefit that our Jegishwrs incurred the odium of lunacy. Here, also, I am disappointed. Haggard looks and tattered raiment point to the parish register, where the sad ac- count is kept in fi^ufes of such rapid growth as must S )"n unfold a tale of general miserv vrM confiscation. Foiled in all these attempts, 1 direct my attention to that po verful/ocus where worth and worthlessness, wealth a')d poverty, mirtband misery, all concentrate; and there I find all that remains in the country to represent the surplus industry of our pro'ducing classes. Wealth and poverty in London seem to hive increased simultaneously, and in the same ratio. At no former period was there, even in London, so much money and so much misery, and from the same cause-namely, want of employment. f'The monied aristocracy: viz.- Peel, Cobden, &c., have doubled their fortunes, in consequence of the effect of their free-trade measures, in rendering money dear and labour cheap and as these measures have had the reverse effect upon the condition of every other class of the com- munity, it may fairly be inferred that such was their single object. Until the ascendancy in parliament of the monied class be destroyed, no measure for the protection of in- dustry will be attainable therefore, we must be "up and doing." The country is now nearly unanimous upon the subject. All classes must have such protection as will en- able them to support each other in comfort and jbrospe- rity as formerly. District meetings should immediately i ii w'1er,! the' manufacturer and the agriculturist should stand shoulder to shoulder," and support each other in demanding due protection to their industry, and that in no mistnkeable terms. Sifch proceedings only re- quire a beginning.-Scotlisk AqricitUurai Journal. O--
[No title]
EFFECTS OF FREE TRADE.-In our own manufacturing districts there is a marked change effecting in progress on the free-trade question. The rnfanufacturers in many great branches of industry are now learning by bitter ex- perience that they cannot compete with their foreign rivals. Ihe Mornirty Chronicle, the Oncompromising advocate of free-trade, publishes the following statement. The statement recently made by Mr. Muntz in the House of Commons, to the effect that the English manufacturer of certain descriptions of articles is unable to compete with the foreigner, is, whatever may be the cause, not without foundation. Within a few weeks a Birmingham house was in want of a large supply of cutlery for home con- sumption application was made to a firm in this town, importing German manufactures. Specimens of the ar tides required, with the prices attached were shown to the Birmingham factor. The samples were forwarded to Sheffield with the quantity required, and a request that the prices of the Sheffield maker-one of great eminence should be remitted to Birmingham. This was done, when the lowest price at which the Yorkshire manufacturer could produce tbe article was 50 per cent, higher than that of the German, even allowing the importer a fair and reasonable profit. Mr. James Shaw, a factor of Birming. ham, says, I have had thirty-five years of active experi- ence in the hardware and cutlery trades of this country and which I regret to state I never knew in such a wretched condition as at this moment.' This is no doubt an extravagant declaration, and applies as much, if not more, in Sheffield than to Birmingham but Mr. Muntz is wrong in attributing this inability of the English manu- facturer to compete with the foreigner exclusively to the effect. Mr. Shaw assigns no reason, but there are other more important causes than free trade. It not unfre- quently occurs that in the manufacturing districts, so soon as orders are known to be brisk, workmen combine anti I stand out' for an advance of wages: the higher the' rate of remuneration they receive the less time will the men work, and consequently the longer will the orders remain on hand. 1 hese observations do not apply to the body of workpeople m England, but, unquestionably, in many branches of manufacture in demand for our export trade such conduct is too often observable A<M .u- i. btirtleii of luc,l rates. In BirminX'n ble and paralyse, in a cons.derable degree, the enterprise and industry of the manufacturer and merchant Whether the depression in Birmingham and Sheffield be entirely attributable to free trade or not may be open to question- but the fact is unquestionable that those towns have telt: and do feel, severely the ruinous effect of that competition to which they are now subject. The heavy burden of the poor rates is notorious but must it not be asked whether [be burden is likely to be diminished while thp. P tor our home consumption is furnished by German u,» loss of „ ».«!, employm, ,ot oi We are assured by a moat iivtpUicr»nt r i Birmingham that the conviction is now hern -acturer al lent that, if general prosperity s ever t0 '"sf PTa" this country, it must be by a relaxation 10 currency-laws, and by restoration J existing protective duties. a moderf*le system of in„ £ this the farmer to send his grain > city; he i, „,i his crops and live 8-fcock can hp KPIH- ket, and the live stock in murh K expense to mar- means a farnier offroin (orV^ler By this with two horses aud one man Sav?.°Ug ,s Cdn dlsPense which cost ^33 n y ,wo borses, each of making a total of tlnr' °!^ ,man at the same rate, £ 35 is 10 percent L £ °"o a-t,3rm of'^00 rent, his evidence lvfr> ([en ii of Deanston, in bis opinion that all" i"?6 °* Cumm"ns> Sives n as a We town I land from te» to fifty miles from per acre Ifu"6 railway, will be worth 10s. more "ill bear a s.ill'fwtrise?' in SUCh situatio"s> TilE RATE IN AtD.-The select committee of the n h I' J appointed to inquire into the operation amenH R°°r-law, and the expediency of making any amendment in its enactments, have just agreed to iu hird report. It states that, "the evidence received by the committee is conclusive as to the urgent necrssirv r providing funds from which temporary assistance mjk given to some of the most distressed unions in |rj jf but that, on «. review of the evidence just Sen l opinion of this committee that the proposition of Jr the present distress of large districts in lr,?l i !re?mS imposition of rates in aid in nartial anri • and by the well as inadequate to the relief of the « i.nexl>edienr» "S Tbis resolution, which was er,n8 popula- Monteagle, was carried by 13 to 7 T, posed '»y Lord announced its intention of ••ecomn enH: COTnm,,fee 1,as the rate aid. n'eiwing a substitute for youthful coupleNJ,ood Lfir J,HE Last week a tr-> at rathr th5 "*is- had marre<ltheh!i« £ ?l l 0r a lime at least — functionaries who n. Id!jtIClp<iU.on9, ot ,1)e lovers. The were in attend-in*. u^Uil"y officiate at tbe solemn rite into each otlu>r'- S betrothed ones looked trustfully "bout to he r>^ *,yes~nd the irrevocable words were Nt)out t,) he proiintinced-wl)et)lt)! "fiery-hot with haste," III dashed an aeYed man, who proved to be the father of the would-be. bride'iroom. In breathless accents the unwel- said w. tiie ceremony—his delinquent son (he he » fS-M1 0>aSe! Tl>'s sffrrling revelation could not r»n?. /•' r Y young man, who nierelv pleaded in ex- illation of the offence that be "wanted "hut a uiw.th" ot ie required age. The objection of tbe sire was, however, atal. The registrar could not marry the youthful couple; and they had therefore no alternative but to depart in single biossednes, and patiently await the arrival of that period when they might he joined together without fear 01 interruption. After many vows of constancy, the lovers departed. Notwithstanding tt.e disappointment, thefVfr)- ing of this eventflll day WaS spent by the young couple iiid their friends in a most convivial manner.
Advertising
ORDERS FOR NEWSPAPEiRS AND ADVERTISF MENTS, RECEIVED BY THE FOLLOWING AGENTS ABKRVSTWYTH Mr.. William Dories, Markot-OL CARDIGAN Mr, Fowler. CARMARTHEN White and Sons, printers, &c" FISHGUARD Mis. Thomao. LONDON MJ. Jos. Clayton, No. 320yStrand Mr. G. Ileynell, i'2, C hancttoy-lane. Mr. S. Deacon, 8, Waftrook.. near the. Mansion-house-, Mr. W. Thomas, 21, Cat e- street, Strand. .Mr. Hainmmd,27, Lomba«t-Bt. Messrs. Newton & Co. 2%War- wick-sqinare, Newgate-street. .R.Harker& Co. ,331 leet-street. MANCHESTER .Messrs. B. Consterdine & Co. Exchange Arcade MILFORD Mr. T, Llerkins, Custoin-bpcff. NARBKRTH Mr. WM. Phillips, Regb *«*r. PEMBROKE Mr. Omond, PEMBROKE DOCK. Mr, N. Owen, P. O. .Mr. W J ia;i. SOLVA Mr. Joht H en &L Frshy Mr.Jtiti Hughes. Mr. 1 Aomas, oppositeth* chunk. And by all Post-Masters and News-Agents thiough the Kingdom: aud filed at Peel's Cotfee-liouse. Fleet-street London. Printed and published by Joseph Potter, at Z!:? Office, in Iligh-streot. in the parish of St. Mary, it the County ot the Town of Ilavorfard.west, on Friday, the Uth dil,()f April 1849.
THE LONDON" MARKETS.
THE LONDON" MARKETS. FROM T li E M A » F. A f B EXPRESS." ..MOND '.y, Ai'nit 9. At this niornii., s market there a small show of wheat by hind-carriage snij.les from the home comities, with little fresh lip coastwise. The condition xm tolerably dry. and the millers were cons,q-,ently ranter fr boy -rs. No 'difficulty was experienced in in. ki'hg sale? ;.t prices fully as high as those ot last weex, at which a ci- an nee was soon effected. i'hearnvatsrocer.tt! :— m Hamburg bring the intelligence that h;v renewed between th« Danes and the Germans, and th;.t most nf the Baltic ports had been, or were about to be, blockaded. This new* had the effect of imparting more fin-mess to the trade in foreign VVheat, and in partial instates last Monday's rates were slightly acceded for fine qualities. The nominal top price of Flour underwent no chango: fWrcic^n Was in better request, and th £ tinn dearer. Th- display of polish Barley samples was small, and superior malting qualities brought very fuil terms. For other sortr, there was a better demand than of late, and previous prices were well maintained. Malt did not excite much attention, and its value regained about thi same as before. The principal dealers showed a disposition to add to their stocks, and the trade in Oats was" more active than on any former occasion for some week? past. No por- tion of the late decline was recovered, but there wan a free sale at last Monday's quotations. Beans and Peas moved ofF slowly, at about the rates on this day se'nnight. CUIIKSNT PRICKS OF ORAIN AT M*ltK-r.AVH Shillings per Quarter OLD. NEW v> HEAT, Essex and Kent, white. -Wto53 44to.5l! Ditto, fine selected runs 46 M Ditto, red 12 44 39 44 Ditto, extra W 50 40 46 Ditto, Talavera — — Norfolk, Lincolnshire.and Yorkshire 41 44 — Ditto, white 43 4fi — BARLEY, English, malting and distilling — — 29 30 Ditto, Chevalier 3o 32 Ditto, grinding — 23 2(5 MALT, ESSex, Norfolk, and Suffolk — — 58 59 Kingston, Ware, and town made — — 58 60 OATS, Essex and Suffolk — — ..15 18 Lincolnshire.and Yorkshire,(Poland) — — ..15 19 Ditto,feed h 17 Devon & West Country, feed or black — — ..13 15 ^Northumberland and Scotch feed — — ..17 20 Dundalk, Newry, and Belfast, potato. 17 20 Limerick, Sligo, and Westport, potato — 18 21 Ditto, feed [ ]5 jg Cork, Waterford, Dublin, Youghal,) and Clonmel, black j" •• iS Ditto, white — — ..15 18 Galway 11 14 — —. RYE. 22 25 FLOUR, best marks (per sack 280lbf).. — — ..37 42 Norfolk and Suffolk, ex-ship — 30 33 BE \NS, Mazagan 28 30.. Tick 27 30 — Harrow 30 35 — — Pigeon, Heligiand 33 36.. PEAS, non-boilers. 240 2.5.. — White, Ess^x, and Kent,boilers ..25 27.. — Ditto, fine Suffolk 28 30 — Maple 32 33 —' Hog and grey 28 30' TARES, winter, per bushel 3435.. — — FOREIGN GRAIN. FREB. Wheat, American 448-to 50, « riinada 40 to 40; Psiting 26 to 28 Grinding and distilling jg t0 2S; Oat,, Russian I5 to ,8. LONDON AVERAGES £ s. <L I 1;' 8. d ^^fat <lrs- 2 4 6 Rye qrs. I 3 7 Ba,'ey 1 9 7 Beans la 5 7 Oats 0 15 8 Peas 112 9 BREAD. The prices of wlieaten Bread in the metropolis are from 6Jd. to 7d. of household ditt:>, 5d. to (Id. per 4ibs loat. POTATO MARKETS. SOUTHWARK WATERSIDE, APRIL 9.—The arrivah in the past week, coastwise, have been very limited. We con- tinue to be well supplied with foreign Potatoes, which pre-- irents prices in our market going up to any extent. The fol- lowing are this day's quotations :— Yorkshire Regents. 1306. to I gos. Newcastle I I 110s. tol20s. Scotch ditto 100s. to 110s. Ditto Cups 1108. to Ditto Whites. 8 0s. to 90s. French ditto !K)s. to lOOs.- Belgian ditto 80s. to 90s. Dutch ditto 100s. to 110s. BMFTHFIELD MARKET.—MONDAY, APRIL 9. OUT market to-day was very scantily supplied with foreign stock, the general quality of which was inferior yet the de- mand for it was heavy at very low prices. The arrivals of Beasts fresh up from our grazing districts were considerably ess thafn those reported on Monday last, but there was no deficiency in quality. Although this is what is termed w holiday market, the attendance of buyers was somewhat oiv 'he increase, and the Beef trade ruied firm at, in some few instances, a trifle more money for the best Scots—the highest ?eneral quotation for which, however, was only 3s. 6d. per Jibs. Prior to the conclusion of business a good clearance was effected. From Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and Cambridge- shire, we received about 1,000 Scots and Shorthorns, with a* few homebreds from the western and midland districts, 600' Herefords, runts, Devons, and Irish Beasts from otherpartll" )f England, 700 of various breeds and, trom Scotland, 190' tiorned and polled Scots. The remainder of the Itullocksup ply was derived from abroad and the neighbourhood of the netropolis. Notwithstanding that the supply of Sheep ex- nbited a falling off, it was seasonably large, and of full iverage quality. All breeds were a very dull sale, at a fur- ;her decline 1in the quotations of quite 2d. per oibs. The )est old Downs in the wool were selling at only 4s. to 48. 2d.; lut of the wool 3s. Gd to 3s. 8d. per 3Ibs., and a clearance vas not effected. Lambs were in good supply, and steady equest, at full prices-viz., from 5s. BiE to 6<. 8d. per ffibt. "rom the Isle of Wight 75 Sheep and Lambs came to hand ler railway. Prime small Calves sold freely, at full prices. )therwise the Veal trade was in a very dull state. The 3ork trade ruled heavy at about last week's quotations. Per 8 Ibs. to sink the offal. d d s. d. s. d s. d.« o ^oarse&inferi- Prime coarse wool- or Beasts 2 6 2 8 led Sheep 6 -nd quality,do. 2 10 3 0 Prime south down ?rime Oxen 3 2 3 4 ditto •• 3 1(M 'rime Scots.,&c. 3 4 3 6 Large Calves 3 4 3 10 lnte~ O „ Prime small do 4 0- 4 nor Sheep 2 6 2 lfli Large Hogs ..8 2d 8 •nd quality.do 3 0 3> <? Small porkers.. 3 10 4 Suckling Calves ISs.. to 25s.; and Quarter-old Store Pigs 6s. to 21s. each. BUTT ETC, BACON, AND HAMS. LONDON, APRIL 9.—We note rather a dull trade at de- clining prices, both in weekly Dorset and fresh Butter and' iae-the make increases are prepared to see considerably lower rates; the present quotations are about as under. Old Dor- set Butter is quite neglected. Dbrset fine new UnJ an* per cwt. ditto middling, 80s. to 90s • n 5 i shire, 9s. to 13s. per dozen • ditto West p Buckinghani- The transactions in Irish Butter hi 1 u"try> ^9* t0 portant, and prices nnh« • 1 J.'een few and umira" rather easier terms. \or 1"SiLed H^" was Steady and tK» v. ► nged Bacon the demand In Hams and I IrA r,eai'6ed an advan<* <wt. produce attract #) "° .a'teratl0n worth notice. American. L mn 80me larKe speculative buyers, and prices inconsequence presented an upward tendency ,MNN TALLOW MARKET. hisVnloH*' APRIL 9.-Since our last report this market- d„! p v «<*edingly heavy at further depressed rates. To- de iverv? 18^uoted « 39si. and for forward declined to i'of fi l StL Per Town Tallow has. per 81bs A A '• J?er c^vt-» net cash rough fat 2s. 2^d.. at rather lower prfcfsT Petersburgh rePresent tho trade'- R.. HOP' INTELLIGENCE. Hnn« There is a fair demand for all good' Hops, ^nt and Sussex at fully the rates ot this day weeK. in |ow Mops we have nothing doing.. Sussex Pockets. 44s. to 58a. Weald of Kents, 52s. to 68a. • Mid1 and East Kents, 63s. to 134s. BRITISH WOOL. week either ilTthe J 'lave not ai1v change to report this small priCeS stationary PnCeS" transaction8 h*ve been' T, SEEDS. operations in the seed market were of rery little in- rest, and quotations remained dominarily unaltered. loverseed, red 35s. to 40s. fine 48 53 Ditt.. white 34 45; inseed (per qr.) sowing 56 60 inseed Cakes (|.er 1,000 of 31bs. each) £ 9 0s. to £ 10 10e„ retoil (per cwt.) 14 21 HAY MARKETS. oLD—^eadow Hay, £ 2 8s. to £ 3 15s.; Clov*B> Jer loadf ° £ ilS; and Slraw' 3s. to £ 1 9B. CUMBERLAND.—Meadow Hay, £ 2 15s. to £ 3 I6s.; Clover, dItto, 43 15s. to jCt 10s.; Straw, jgl 4s. to £1 101 per load. WHITECHAPEL.—Meidow Hay, £ 2 8s. to £ 3 Its.) Clo- ver ditto, 93 16s. to £40 16s. and Straw, jEl to jei 9ø.. perload.