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Bristol Steam Cabinet Works, Maryleport Street & Bridge Street. LAVERTON AND CO., BRISTOL ESTABLISHED OVER 40 YEARS. LARGEST MANUFACTURERS IN WEST OF ENGLAND. RENOWNED FOR GOOD QUALITY STYLE, AND CHEAPNESS "A .• BEDROOM SUITES, including Wardrobe, beautifully finished. 812 Guineas; BEDROOM SUITES -including Wardrobe, solid Pitch pine or Ash, 10 and 11 Gaineas. BEDROOM SUITES, Very Strong1 Glass door Ward robe, 12 Guineas.. BEDROOM SUITES, An immense Stock to select from, varying in price from P,5 to £100. Large illustrated Catalogue for 12 Stamps. ..V.V F jI, .) ,L i. DINING ROOM SUITES, i Comprising Couch, 2 Easy Chairs, and 6 Chairs, Spring Stuffed, 10 Guineas. DINING ROOM SUITES, In Russian Tapestry, 12 Guineas. DINING ROOM SUITES, In Velvet or Leather. 14 Guineas. DINING ROOM SUITES, Very Superior Quality, from £ 16 to £50. i a'1 DRAWING ROOM SUITES, Spring stuffed, in cretonne, elegantly finished, 10 Guineas. DRAWING ROOM SUITES, Wonderful for the price, admiration of everyone, 12 to 15 Guineas. DRAWING ROOM SUITES, ( In Black and Gold, covered î in Velvet or Eoman Satin. 16, 18, and 20 Guineas. r J ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Containing nearly 1000 Engravings, post free for 12 Stamps. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Containing numerous Estimates, &c., post free for 12 Stamps. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Largest and best published ,j post free • > for 12 Stamps. r 4, '1.. s* ■ • CARPETS, CARPETS, Best make and Quality. CARPETS, Beautiful in design CARPETS, Lower in price than other Houses. CARPETS, Unequalled in variety and patterns. r1.: í LAVERTON & Co., BRISTOL, Manufacturers and Designers. LAVERTON & Co., BRISTOL, Established over 40 years. • v • f COTTAGE FURNITURE, Wonderfully good and Cheap. MIDDLE CLASS FURNITURE, Artistic in design. MIDDLE CLASS FURNITURE, < Unequalled in England in price, style and quality. SUPERIOR FURNITURE Laverton & Co's, name stand? as best of Manufacturers. ♦ z .v J VM;" ;v:! •- CHALLENGE SUITES AT I 10 Guineas. Marvellously good and cheap. CHALLENGE SUITES AT 10 Guineas, worth 5 Guineas more. CHALLENGE SUITES AT 10 Guineas. Selling in large quantities, giving wonderful satisfaction. i .f¡; j ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, nearly 1,000 Engravings, post free for 12 Stamps, r", 1" v* "?<# j ■ »•»*• # 1'. LAVERTON & CO., Manufacturing Cabinet Makers, Maryleport Street, and Bridge Street, BRISTOL. BUSINESS. NOTICES. t ■ < Ii ESTABLISHED 1826.. >s S T'RFJ T;THOMAS~white, (Son and suceessor to the late Elizabeth White,) MANUFACTURING- LAPIDARY AND JEWELLER, EGYPTIAN HOUSE, TERRACE ROAD, AND YORK HOUSE, MARINE TERRACE, ABERYSTWYTH. A splendid collection of Jewellery of the newest designs, comprising Necklets, Brooches, Ear Rings, &c., always in Stock. „ GEM AND OTHEE EINGS. OLD CHINA IN GEEAT VAEIETY U,O- ANYTHING NOT IN STOCK MADE TO ORDER. DEALER IN SILVER AND ELECTRO PLATE. -No connection with any other firm in the town the same name. GILDING AND ELECTRO PLATING. B -:K,ch Stones and other Pebbles Slico into Slabs, Drilled, and Cut into any Shape or Form, Cabinets, Tables, &c., inlaid. Church Decorations. ALL WOEK DONE ON THE PREMISES. T. & W. B-'TT T5 B PAINTERS, PLUMBEES, GLAZILLdS, GAS FIITE1; HOUSE DECORATORS, PAP KB HANGERS, GENERAL HOUSE FCKNISHERS, TERRACE ROAD, ABERYSTWYTH. AGENT F-OR BIWNEWS BURNERS, WRIGHT'S GAS STOVES, and ATKIN'S GOVERNMENT FILTERS. t Cheap Paperhangings from 3d. each. Baths, Perambulators, Fancy Baskets, &c. FURNITURE DEPARTMENT TABLES, CHAIRS, SOFAS, COUCHES, PIER AND TOILET GLASSES. FLANNEL! FLANNEL!! FLANNEL! lor Real WELSH FLANNEL, WOOLLEN DRESSES, CLOTH, SHAWLS, KNITTING, YARN STOCKINGS, &c., try the WELSH FLANNEL DEPOT r TERRACE ROAD, ABERYSTWYTH. $hoK (w. JOHN EDWARDS & Co., Proprietors. I I 1i1" boi. }« All GOODS marked m plain figures at last year's prices. ,-y ^,t • Agents for L. ELLIS & Co., Dyers, Bleachers, and Muslin Curtain Finishers, Birkenhead TERMS, CASH.
--------# THE INDIANS AND…
# THE INDIANS AND THEIR CONDITION. Some of the facts gleaned from the late census with regard to the Indian population of the country are interesting, as showing the relative progress which has been made in civilization. The whole number of Indians, exclusive of those in Alaska, is 252,897 of whom more than half, 138,046, wear citizens' clothes and are civilized or semi-civiiized. The Indians who have made the most progress are the Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles in the Indian territory, numbering 54,500 in all. All of these wear citizens' dress, and 23,650 can read. They built 2,709 new houses last year, and now occupy 16,250. They have 12 boarding schools and 183 day schools, attended by 6,250 scholars, and last year they contributed 156,856 dollars to the sup- port of these schools, the Government paying only 3,500 dollars. They have 131 church buildings and 61 missionaries. Of the less civilised tribes In the territory 77,516 wears citizens' dress, and 11,081 can read. They occupy 11,634 houses, and have 107 day and 52 board- ing schools, with 226 teachers and an average attend- ance of 4,488 children. Only a little more than one- fifth of the children belonging to these tribes have ever been to school. t In Michigan there are about-10,000 Indians, all of whom wear citizens' dress, and 1,700 are engaged in farming and other civilised pursuits. There are eight schools and 11 churches among them, and nearly 1,000 of them can read. Last year they cultivated 7,650 acres of land. In Wisconsin there are 7,649 Indians, of whom 7,000 wear citizens' dress, and about 2,800 are engaged in civilised pursuits, more than half them as farmers. There are 11 schools, and over 1,200 Indians can read. They till 8,645 acres, In Minnesota there are 6,157 Indians, all of whom, about 2,900, wear citizens' dress, and about 1,100 are engaged in farming and other civilised pursuits. There are six schools, and 490 Indians can read. Their crops last year comprised bushels of wheat, 18,226 bushels of corn, 9,271 bushels of barley, 37,000 bushels of vegetables, &c. In Dakota there are over 27,500 Indians, of whom about 10,000 are in citizens' dress. About 3,000 are engaged in civil pursuits, most of them as farmers. Over 1,300 Indians can read, and there are 29 day and boarding schools among them. They cultivate 10,150 acres of land. In Montana there are 19,791 Indians, about 1,300 of whom wear citizens' dress, and less than 500 are engaged in civil pursuits. There are six schools, attended by 287 children. The Montana Indians till 3,769 acres. There are 4,165 Indians in Idaho, of whom 1,500 wear citizens' dress, and about 2,500 are engaged in agriculture and other civil pursuits. There are 11 schools, attended by 595 children. About 3,600 acres are under cultivation. In Washington territory there are 14,468 Indians, three-fourths of whom wear citizens' dress, and over 3,100 are in civilised pursuits. There are 14 boarding and day schools among them, and the daily attendance is 510. There are 800 Indians who can read. AboRt 12,000 acres are cultivated. In Oregon there are 5,826 Indians, 3,485 of them civilised. There are five schools, with 150 for the average attendance. The acreage under cultivation is 6,319. These statistics, while they make it dear how much remains to be done in the education and elevation of the Indians, at the same time exhibit most gratifying results already obtained, and mark a progress which has been extremely rapid in many instances, and quite as great as could have been reasonably expected in all. In the face of such figures it is idle to assert any longer that the Indian cannot be civilised. These statistics show that, as regards whole tribes, he has already been civilised, and as regards others he is on the way to civilisation.
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On Tuesday morning, at half-past nine o'clock, the King and Queen of Sweden and Norway left Claridge's Hotel in her Majesty's carriages for the Victoria Station, in order to proceed by the ordinary Continen- tal train to Dover by the London, Chatham, and Dover line. The Prince and Princess of Wales came from Marlborough House to RPP them- Mai'oafi'oo off V" "J'I>JU,a"t..J v. Two Royal saloon carriages were added to the ordinary train, specially for the accommodation of the King and Queen and Royal suite. After their Majesties had taken a farewell of the Prince add Prin cess of Wales before starting, the train left at two minutes past ten o'clock for Dover, which was reached by noon, where a special boat, the Samphire, was in readiness. From Calais their Majesties proceeded to Brussels.
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Tuesday night's London Gazette contains the follow- ing :—The Queen, as Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, has been graciously pleased, by Letters Patent under the Royal Sign Manual and the Great Seal of the Order, bearing date this day, to dis- pense with all the statutes and regulation usually ob- served in regard to installation, and to grant unto his Majesty Oscar II. King of Sweden and Norway, Knight of the said Most Noble Order, and duly in- vested with the ensigns thereof, full power and authority to-exercise all rights and privileges belong- ing to a Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, in as full and ample a manner as if his Majesty had been formally installed any decree, rule, or usage to the contrary notwithstanding.
THE SALMON FISHERIES OF ENGLAND…
THE SALMON FISHERIES OF ENG- LAND AND WALES. The twentieth annual report of the inspectors of salmon fisheries of England and Wales is now issued. One mis3es the familiar hand of the late Mr. Frank Buckland, and his successor, being appointed in the present year, has abstained from sending a report. The interest of the volume is, however, very great, owing to the insertion of the extremely valuable re- ports Rpon the fisheries of Europe drawn up by Mr. Walpole for the information of the Government of New South Wales. This report was founded upon the con- tents of the International FisheriesExhibition at Berlin, and includes the general history of the state of the fisheries in every country there represented. Unfor- • tunately Belgium and France were absent, and.it is to be regretted that Mr. Walpole did not, in spite of the absence of these countries, include them in his report upon the fisheries of Europe and the United States. Mr. Walpole describes the boats, nets, manner of fishing, and amount of take at all the great fishing centres, and particularly the methods of breeding fish artificially in the United States. As he points out, there is a radical difference between the work of the State in that country and in England. There every effort is made to breed fish, but no step is taken to protect them. In England, on the contrary, there is no effort whatever to produce fish, but every pains are taken to protect them. The difference of procedure of course arises from the difference of circumstances of the two countries. In England the rivers are comparatively small, and the population is dense; the consequence ig, that unless protected the fish would speedily become exhausted. In the United States, upon the other hand, the rivers are very large and the population is thin. There is therefore little fear that the water can be fished out, and the efforts of the State are directed simply to adding to the stock, and so increasing the amount of food and encouraging fishing. The report is worthy the careful study of all interested not only in fishing but in the food supply of the people.—Evening Standard.
MR. C. S. READ ON FOREIGN…
MR. C. S. READ ON FOREIGN I. COMPETITION. Last Saturday Mr. Clare Sewell Read addressed a meeting at Nottingham of the Chamber of Agriculture and of Nottingham manufacturers, on the subject of foreign com- petition, as affecting British trade and agriculture. Mr. Read said that looking at the United States, he saw there a competition fierce and increasing, and he feared that arable agriculture in this country could not stand against it. Mr. Pell and himself were com- missioned by the late Government to go to the United States and to Canada to make a report on the state of agriculture on the North American continent. They were instructed to prepare a report on the existing state of things, and were not asked to give their opinion as to the future but he might say that he thought in all probability that the Americans would hereafter send wheat here and sell it at 40s. per quarter. With regard to beef, he thought that the American would be a most formidable competi- tor, and if the development of the meat-growing powers of America continued they would be able to send beef into this countr and sell it at 6d. per r pound. He believed if in England farmers did not get some assistance beyond what they might expect from good harvests, arable agriculture in this country would be almost crushed out in the course of years. We had found, after 30 years' experience of free trade, that no single civilised nation had adopted its doctrines; on the contrary, the whole world had hostile tariffs against us. He urged agriculturists not to make the mistake of being the first to originate a protection movement, but to let such a movement come from the great centres of industry.
AN ELECTRIC VELOCIPEDE.
AN ELECTRIC VELOCIPEDE. Within the last few days, electricity has begun its career as a motive power for vehicles with the opening of the electric railway between Lichtenfield and Cadattenhaus, in the suburbs of Berlin. There may be seen a tramcar laden with passengers, rolling along its metal track as if it were instinct with life; for neither steam, nor smoke, nor cinders escape from it, and the driving mechanism is so small that it can scarcely be seen. The example of the Prussian capital will doubtless soon be followed by other towns; and in the meantime a new departure has been made at Paris. Electricity has been applied to the propulsion of a velocipede. At first sight the advantage of this application is perhaps not quite apparent to an English lover of the sport or pastime of bicycling, and it seems worthy only of the typical Frenchman, who can see no fun in wasting his muscular tissue uselessly. What is to become of the glorious sense of physical exertion, the excitement of rapid motion by your own efforts, and the delicious tiredness after a long day's ride, it the steel horse is to be driven by electricity, and you are simply to sit cramped up in your seat and play the part of engine-driver ? But, on second thoughts, it will be seen that if for the healthy and strong an electric velocipede is not wanted, it may prove very useful and convenient for the weakly and the invalid, as it will enable them to take the air and view the country at their leisure. It is, therefore interesting to find that a, well-known electrician of Paris has succeeded in driving an English tricycle for an hour along the streets of Paris, by' means of electricity stored in a secondary battery of- Plante's make, and two small Deprez electric motors. The vehicle with its occupant weighed four cwt., and it was driven at the. speed of an ordinary cab but, by improving the mechanism, the inventor hopes toraisethe speed to twelve miles an hour • and the modification which has since been effected on thp PlanW battery by M. Faure, will no doubt enable a supply of electricty to be stored up, capable of work- ing the tricycle for many hours.—Globe.
Advertising
At the meeting of the Royal Botanic Society, on3 Saturday the Secretary Wported that the woiflteifnl plant Anstolochia Goldiea.na, from 01d^*0alabar, was just cttaiing into flower for the first time in the Society's garden. It is said to be the largest flower but one of the whole world..
THE STATE OF IRELAND.
THE STATE OF IRELAND. Writing on May 29th, the Dublin Correspondent of The Tir/ivs writes The difficulty of serving law processes of every kind, but especially ejectment notiees, appears to be on the increase, not only in the West and South, but also in parts of Ulster. In certain districts of Tipperary no civil bill officers will for any considera- tion take any writ of ejectment from the superior cou-ts for service, and land bailiffs also refuse to serve law papers. If a bailiff can be found to under- take such duty it is at the risk of his life, and only on payment of largely increased remuneration, and on condition of being guarded by the police, who cannot now obtain cars. Tbit- difficulty has been met in some places by distributiny in suitable centres de- tachments of the Land Transport Corps, adding a new branch to the forces already engaged in the rent campaign.^ No persons living 31' the country can be found willing to serve processes for rent, no matter who appoints them. Many of Iile most respectable civil bill officers have resigned soc>i*er than serve eject- ments. The only remedy which cam be suggested is to allow such notices to be served by p«st, In the rules for carrying out the Land Act of 1S?0 there is a pro. vision that all notices or documents relating to any matter under the Act may be retwrneti to the clerk of the peace or sent through the post in a prepaid regis- tered letter. The Licensing Act of 1872 provides that all notices and documents required by the Act may be served or sent by post.
[No title]
Mr. Kettle was arrested under the Protection Act on Monday evening on his return from visiting Mr. Brennan in Naas gaol, and was brought back and lodged in that prison.
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The maltreatment of bailiffs has become a matter of almost daily occurrence. On Friday a bailiff named Gabriel proceeded to serve writs on tenants. At one house where he entered he was detained until a crowd had been summoned, and was then attacked and sub- jected to gross illtreatment. After being beaten and deprived of his clothes, he was compelled to burn the writs and swear he would not serve any more. Before he was finally l&t go the mob dipped him in a cesspool. On Monday morning two farmers, residing near Macroom, were arrested under the Coercion Act. In the Dublin Gazette of Tuesday night three parishes in the barony of Kilmaerena, in the co. Donegal, and the barony of Kells, in the co. Meath, are proclaimed undes the operation of the Coercion Act. A large number of prisoners were removed, on Tues- day from Kilmainham prison, and conveyed to Kil- kenny, where they will henceforth be confined. It is rumoured, in consequence of this move, that a large number of further arrests will be shortly made, and that the accommodation, is being provided for that purpose. Upon a bailiff named Galmore going to serve some ejectment processes, near Clare, King's County, he was attacked by a crowd, consisting principally of women, and severely beaten. His writs were taken from him, and he was ducked in the Grand Canal. Captain J. D. H. Browns has made, through his agent, Mr. J. A. Holmes, of Roscommon, an abate- ment of 40 per cent on the rents due from his Mayo estates -on May 1. Owinz to the disturbed state of the co. Galway, no one could be found willing to take the position of High Constable for the collection of the grand jury cess for Moycullen barony. An election for the post was to take place, but although several gentlemen were canvassed, only one came forward, and he was declared elected, there being no opposition. He, however, then stated that he had been advised by his best friends and persons of experience in the county to have nothing to do with the constableship, and declined to act accordingly. Nor rates or debts can thus be collected in the barony. Michael Murphy, of Annaduff, was on Tuesday arrested under the Coercion Act and lodged in Gal- way Gaol. He is only seven teen years of age, and is not a member of the Land laeagwe. A small tenant farmer named Hugh Murray, of Meelton Glebe, county Leitrim, was also arrested under the Coercion Act. The Earl of Portarlington received numerous depu- tations of his tenantry on Tuesday at Emo Park, and announced that he would reduee their rents to Grif- fith's valuation. Replying to a congratulatory ad- dress, presented on behalf of the tenantry, his lordship spoke at some length «n the Land Bill. He praised the clauses relating to the establishment of a peasant proprietary, and the fixing of the rent by the Court, but advocated compensation to the land- lord for injury to vested interests. His lordship added that he had no fear of the action of the House of Lords, or that they would reject the bill if carried through the House of Commons by a large majority. Two men, named James Berry and Robert Caffey, farmers, were arrested on Monday morning at Mount Temple, Westmeatb, under the provisions of the Coercion Act, and lodged in Mullingar Gaol. These are the first arrests in this district. Berry was one of the principal members of the local branch of the Land League. Miss Parnell on her way through Limerick on Tuesday visited the prisoners under, the Coercion Act. She saw ten of them, and made particular inquiries as to their treatment, but she was not allowed to see Mr. Hodnett. The Visiting Committee also sought to visit him, but was refused. The weekly meeting of the Land League was held on Tuesday afternoon, at the offices, Upper Sackville- street, Dublin, Mr. T. D. Sullivan, M.P., presiding. Mr, Quinn announced subscriptions amounting to B980 17s. 6d. since the last meeting, in- cluding C620 from Boston and £200 from the New York branch of the League. A number of evic- tions were also reported. The chairman, re- ferring to the arrests, said they told the Govern- ment that day, as they had told them before, that the movement would go on no matter who was arrested. Mr. Sexton, M.P., said it might be interest- ing to the members of the League to know that he had that day an opportunity of seeing and conversing with Mr. Dillon in Kilmainham prison. He was sorry to observe that imprisonment had undoubtedly told upon Mr. Dillon, but that his spirits had in no way dimin- ished. (Applause.) Though a good many had been taken away, yet those who remained to the League were not few, and- they certainly were fearless. (Hear, hear.) Clonmel to-day (Tuesday) was in a state of extra- ordinary excitement in consequence of the sale of twenty-one farms, at which agents of the Property Defence Association attended (says the correspondent of The Times). An immense crowd of people assem- bled from the surrounding districts and paraded the streets with bands. Archdeacon Kenane, P.P., and seven or eight Catholic priests, attended on the part of the tenants. Messrs. Goddard and Smith represented the Property Defence Association. The Sub-Sheriff conducted the sales, as no auctioneer could be found to undertake the duty. Ample precautions were taken by the authorities to preserve the peace, a force of con- stabularv numbering 280 men being present, together with a company of the 48th Regiment and a troop of Hussars. The Court-house was filled with a crowd who kept up an incessant uproar after Mr. Goddard's name was known. The first farm was bought in by the tenant for R216, and Mr. Goddard bought the second for £ 250, and the third f-r £ 100. W iththe exception of two, the other farms were knocked down to the representatives of the Property Defence Association. The police and military were attacked with stones by the mob when they left the Court- house, and consfables were knocked down. The Riot Act was read, and the police charged the crowd. A scene of great disorder and confusion ensued. Several of the shopkeepers who attempted to put up their shutters were knocked down, and some of the Hussars were unhorsed. Several persons, it is believed, are injured, A number of men assembled on Monday night at fa- farm in Dunganstown. near New Ross, which is guarded by men of the Property Defense Association, L and endeavoured to frighten the caretakers by blowing horns and yelling. The men in charge of the house immediately got their arms ready, and, to show that they were not alarmed, they flung open the door in the front and'back of the house. Ihe party outside then fired some shots and went away. Instructions have been given from the War Olíice to have the military barracks at New Ross now occupied by a company of tbe/Oth Hussars fitted with port- holes. It was looped for musketry in 1848, but after the disturbances ceased the openings- were built up. The Sub-inspector of Police for the district called at the various posting establishments in Kilkenny on Wednesday, aiid exhibited a warrant signed by the • Lord-Lieutenant, warning car-owners and drivers that in the event of their refusing to supply care toffee con- stabulary or military in future, the former shall be period a l^ter imprisoned for a certain
THE SUNDAY SOCIETY.
THE SUNDAY SOCIETY. In London, on Saturday, the sixth annual meeting of the supporters of the Sunday Society was held in the great hall of the Freemason's Tavern. The retiring president, Lord Dunraven, introduced his successor, Mr. Thomas Burt, M.P., who in the course of his address contended that the great mass of the people thoroughly sympathised with the objects of the society, whose aim was not to destroy but to improve the Sunday, to hand on to future generations that sacred inheritance pure and unimpaired; to make it not less than now a day of rest, when the weary toiler might "Steep his brow in slumber's holy balm to make it not less than now a day of worship, while at the same time providing greater facilities for cultivating the mind, for broadening the sympathies, for refinibg the tastes, and for developing and perfect- ing all that was best and noblest in the life and cha- racter of man. Mr. Hopwood M.P., moved a resolution expressing appreciation of the leadership of Lord Dunraven, which so nearly led to victory in the House of Lords that the majority against the opening of the National Museums and Art Galleries on Sundays was reduced to seven and directing that Mr. George Howard, M.P., be requested to give notice in the House of Commons of a similar resolution for next session. In seconding the motion, Lord Dalhousie said he was confident that if the society continued its opera- tions in the same spirit as heretofore, all enemies would be disarmed and success ultimately achieved. The resolution was adopted. ■' S'
AN AMERICAN FORECAST OF OUR…
AN AMERICAN FORECAST OF OUR FUTURE HISTORY. The New York World says:—"So far as it is pos- sible to read the future history of England, there will be no more Tory Administrations, and the eddies of moderate Liberalism will be noted but rarely in the sweeping tide of Radicalism. The monarchial form will probably be preserved. But abroad we shall see a Canadian Confederation absolutely independent, with Halifax and possibly Quebec held as American Gibraltar until some collision compels their sur- render. A similar confederation will be established in Australia without the retention o an imperial station. A third will be formed in South Africa, where even Cape Town may be abandoned. A fourth may perhaps be formed in the West Indies. England will retain India and such other possessions as are absolutely necessary to her trade. It is less likely that even the Radical statesmen of England a genera- tion hence will be brought by pure reason to leave Ireland to her own devices. If the torpedo and earthwork system shall neutralize the value of iron- clads like the Dandolo and Duilio, England, freed from the fear of invasion and the necessity of adopting the Continental system of an armed popula- tion, ought to. occupy a singularly fortunate and in- fluential position at the beginning of that twentieth century which bids fair to be the most pregnant in the history of the absorbing, assimilating, expanding race popularly known as the 'Anglo-Saxon,' which is so rapidly carrying the English tongue and the out- growth of England's historical institutions into all the corners of the globe."
GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE…
GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE WEEK. (From the Gardener's Magazine.) jAn excellent wsekly journal, containing much Wormation for amateur oid professional garJeners." American Plants in old beds should be refreshed now with a top dressing of rotten cow-dung, which will help the new growth. Newly-formed beds are better without animal manure. Remove the trusses of bloom as fast as they lose their colour, and be careful not to break any young shoots at the same time. Climbers in free growth look best when left a little to themselves, but some tying and training must be done, and the cultivator must have an eye that the shoots intended for future flowering are not unduly shaded by disorderly growths. There is a happy medium between training climbers in a severely artifi- cial manner and leaving them to sprawl about and choke themselves. Cropping.— Sow succession Beans, Marrow Peas, Luttuce, Portugal Cabbage, Cauliflower, Walcheren Broccoli, Stone Turnip, and Turnip Radishes. Forced Fruits.-As the crops are gathered, give liquid manure to swell up the spurs for the next year's crop; syringe with force to clear the foliage. Crops ripening to have less water, less syringe, more air, and full sunshine. Herbaceous Plants.-Continue to propagate, re- membering that Pinks, Carnations, and Picotees come as readily from cuttings as layers, if that method is most convenient. Orchids.-Most of the Indian species will now re- quire an abundance of watei and a moist atmosphere. It is their heydey, and if they do not thrive now they never will. Stanhopeas, Dendrobiums, Aerides, Saccolabiums, and Vandas now specially require mois- ture, and their wants must be supplied by dipping and syringing. Pelargoniums now require close attention. See that stakes and ties are in order to keep the plants in the required form as they come into bloom, and re- member that the fewer ties the more credit is due to the cultivator. This is such an important matter that varieties with a sturdy habit should always be pre- ferred, unless there are some very strong inducements to select weak growers. Judicious stopping, plenty of light and air, and a sound compost, are points of great importance towards growing plants that will not need scaffolding. Give shade as the plants show flower, and keep the whole stock as cool and airy as possible consistently with avoiding damp and cold draughts. Petunias left over from the bedding and double varieties struck in spring will now want shifting, to make specimen plants for autumn bloom in the con- servatory. The same suggestion applies to many other soft-wooded summer-flowering plants A little timely care will now put value into every scrap that has a leaf and a root. Roses need abundant supplies of water now, and green fly must be kept down or the bloom will'be im- poverished. As the hurry of the bedding out is now over, a little time may be found to look over briers intended for budding soon, to cut away weak ill-placed shoots, and shorten in the strong rambling shoots on which buds are to be entered. Generally the knife y is used amongst the stocks at the time of budding, which gives them a check and retards the taking of the buds. If cut in now as may be needful, both to strengthen the shoots to be worked and make room between rows for the operation, they will break before budding time, and the sap will flow freely when it is wanted. fmall Town Gardens should be always well furnished and cheerful, and they cannot be so if much space is devoted to bedders. In these gardens the ivies are invaluable, more especially such as Hibberd's Emerald Ivy, which is now a sheet of brilliant golden green, and makes a most refreshing clump. Another very valuable section of hardy plants for the town garden are the green and golden varieties of Euonymus japonicus, which thrive in bad soil and bad air and may have their leaves washed to keep them bright if they happen to become begrimed by smoke and dust. Where smoke prevails conferous trees are, generally speaking, of no use at all; but an exception may be made in favour of the yew, of which there are some splendid varieties with brilliant golden leafage. Any one who would select wisely and plant liberally might make a town plot marvellously rich with evergreen shrubs, and the wise way would be to have plenty of such as are known to be suitable, and avoid altogether those of doubtful character. In many instances where grass refuses to grow as it ought the ground might be clothed with ivies, for even under the shade of large trees ivy will thrive if aided with water during May and June.
Advertising
SINGULAR TITLE OF A BOOK.—The authors of the time of Elizabeth and James I. often put quaint and ridiculous titles to their books; amongst others may be mentioned Joshua Sylvester, a Puritanical poet, who wrote a poem against tobacco, which bears this title "Tobacco battered and the pipe shattered about their ears that idolize so base and barbarous a weed, or at leastwise overlove so loathsome a vanity, by a volley of holy shot thundered from Mount Helieon."
THE ROMAN VILLA NEAR BRADING,
THE ROMAN VILLA NEAR BRADING, Expectation that the discovery of Roman regains at Morton, near Brading, in the Isle of Wight, wrald lead to the complete unearthing of a villa perhaps t&s most important of its kind in Britain, is now7 fully assured, Within the past few weeks, five more cham- bers have been laid open, and the number of separate rooms is now nearly thirty. The excavations, which were resumed, as soon as the spring weather had fairly set in, by Mr. John E. Price, F.S.A., and Mr. F. G. Hilton Price, F.G.S., have been constantly attended by success and while fresh discoveries are being made almost daily, it is gratifying to find that the pains and care which had been taken by the zealous antiquaries to preserve the tesselated, pavements, first uncovered, through the winter, were not in vain. Down to Saturday afternoon, Mr. Hilton Price was still prosecuting the work, which, at every step, indicates the vast extent of the building yet to be excavated. The room warmed by the hypocaust has now been fully developed, and with it the first por- tion of an external wall; though even yet no de- finite report can be given of the general plan of the building itself. Many objects -illustrating its structural character have been found, the most important of these being plainly indicative of a long open court, supported on columns; and when this shall have been cleared, evidence will be afforded of a Roman edifice more stately and palatial than any of the ordinary domestic structures left by the Italian invaders after their long occupation of Britain. This court, indeed, is the most significant of all the discoveries yet made on Morton Farm. The excavation of the well is to be continued, the depth already reached being rather more than 65 feet, and the descent having been made a day or two since, by a young lady. daughter of Mr. Hilton Parker, who, at her own ieque.-t, was lowered in a bucket. Pott,cry and hours t-tiN continue to be brought to the surf.u-.ij.Mid additional coins have recently boon found, tnosdv '<f date eo: re.<j>.>nding with those previously recorded. Traces of chambers such as those in course of excavation appear*in the adjoining fields, the owner of which has consented that explorations may here be rriade and it is expected that the whole series of buildings, divided as they yet are by the limits of different properties, will eventually be open, and accessible tu the public.
HOW TO INCREASE POTATO CROPS.
HOW TO INCREASE POTATO CROPS. A provincial French agricultural journal gives the follow- ing interesting and useful hints for increasing the potato crops :— Let us suppose that the planting has been well carried out with tubercules of medium size in ground which has been well dug and manured with dead leaves during the autumn, and again in the spring, and also that it has not grown potatoes for at least five or six years. It is known that potatoes are not roots, but tubercules-that is to say, a species of under- ground stalks inflated with feeula. These stalks on'ly appear when the exterior stems are almost entirely developed and begin to bloom. It occurs with this as with the branches of trees-whilst the sap flows towards the centre of the branch the eyes at the base do not move, but attempt to bend the branch when in full vegetation, and it will snap at the eye. The culti- vators of trees take advantage of this fact to dwarf them. Instead, then, of letting the sap flow freely into the stalks of the potato plants, you bend them when they grow above ground, the result will be that the sap thus checked above will flow back to the dormant eyes, and form the tubercules more freely. This is not, however, our method of proceeding. We do just the reverse; and instead of bending the stalks of our potatoes, we earth them up as straight as possible, and thus retard the growth of the tubercules, whilst at the same time we diminish them. The result of our system was a fine crop. A gardener at Couvin, Hainaut, showed us a potato plantation where the stalks were spread out in a circle, and a strong mound raised in the middle sustained the arches. It must be owned that spreading out the stems in this fan-like form takes up too much room we, therefore, only bent them on one side of the line, and arranged the earth so as not to cover the extremities of the stalks, which soon rose up, whilst still fixed down at the surface root. This operation should be performed in fine weather—too soon, it weakens the young shoots too late, the sap will be too much reduced, and will produce no perceptible results. The right moment is when. the stems are about half the height to which they usually attain, according to their species. The manuring with rotten leaves does not dispense with the necessity for weeding and second dressing. Potatoes flourish best in a soil which is often deeply dug.
SHORT RANGE RIFLE SHOOTING.
SHORT RANGE RIFLE SHOOTING. One of the difficulties quoted against those who wish to have the English infantry trained to shoot is that there are few long ranges in the United Kingdom (says the Pall Mall Gazette). Nor da the objectors take any comfort from the assurance that it is not long range shooting, but good steady work at short ranges which wins, for they reply that billets aimed at a near target often carry danger to long distances. There are many ways of getting over this difficulty, and one of the best proposals we have seen comes from the quick-witted French. A cartridge has been devised to fit the service rifle, but with only a small charge of powder, the rest of the space Bteing occupied by a hollow cylinder of metal. The bullet is spherical and takes the rifling. Very accurate shooting can be attained at a short range of fifty metres and there is no danger of the bullet flying too far. It is probable that this short-range shooting will turn out to be the best pos- sible preliminary training, Fewer bullets will be wasted, and every man can tell exactly what his ten- dency to error is. The French are establishing shoot- ing societies all over the country, with good prizes. Our volunteers will probably hold their own as far as their picked men are concerned, but we shall soon be beaten everywhere in the general average of shooting at short ranges.
ANOTHER POPULAR DELUSION GONE!
ANOTHER POPULAR DELUSION GONE! The Pall Mall Gazette remarks :—"The idea that fish-food is specially adapted for brain nourishment is scouted by no less an authority than Dr. Beard of New York, one of the most eminent neurologists. Re- ferring to this widespread popular notion, he terms it It delusion, opposed to chemistry, to physiology, to history, and to common observation. He casts the re- sponsibility for the almost universal acceptance of this delusion, by the Americans at least, upon the late Professor Agassiz, who impulsively and without previous consideration apparently, as was his wont at times, made a statement to that effect before a Committee on Fisheries of the Massachusetts Legislature.' The statement soon became the creed of the people. The well-known phenomenon of the glowing (or phosphorescence) of fish in the dark is popularly believed to indicate the presence of a large proportion of the nutritive element. Chemical analysis, however, fails to substantiate this idea, but demonstrates that the flesh of fish contains a smaller proportion of mineral elements than other forms of animal food. So, if we can trust Dr. Beard, as we 'may very well do, here is one more pleasant popular delusion gone.
THE KING OF SWEDEN IN LONDON.
THE KING OF SWEDEN IN LONDON. On Friday in last week the King of Sweden and Norway, attended by Lord Methuen and General Sir Francis Seymour, and accompanied by Count Rosen, Captain Palandar, Count d'Adelberg, and Dr. Budde, left Ciaridge's Hotel to visit the South Kensington Museum, and was engaged several hours in going over that building and its adjuncts. His Majesty on leaving South Kensington, attended by Captain Pal- andar, went to Marlborough-house to lunch with the Prince and Princess of Wales. In the afternoon the King, attended by the gentle- men of his retinue, visited Westminster A bbey, and also the General Post Office, St. Martin's-le Grand, where His Majesty was shown over the intelligence department and-instrument galleries, &c., and after- wards was conducted to the receiving and sorting departments of the postal branch. On leaving His Majesty expressed great pleasure at his visit. During the day a deputation of his Majesty's sub- jects resident in London waited upon the King at Claridge's Hotel, and presented the following ad- dress: "0n the occasion of your Majesty's and of her Majesty the Queen's visit to England we, the undersigned Swedes and Norwegians in London, beg to express our earnest and deep-felt delight at your Majesty's convalescence from a severe illness, and our warmest hopes that the strengthening climate of Eng- land may greatly contribute to the complete recovery of your Majesty. Although we live abroad, our hearts beat always as strongly for King and Fatherland, and we now bring to your Majesties our. humble homage, with our prayer to the Almighty for His blessings. over our beloved King and Queen." The address was signed by seventy Swedes and fifty Norwegians.
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.or' On Saturday the King of Sweden left Claridge's in one of the Queen's carriages for the Horse Guards, to witness "the trooping of the colours on the Parade Afterwards the King and party went to Marlborough House to lunch,. with the Prince and Princess of Wales and Royal party. In the afternoon his Majesty visited the, Bank of England, and thence proceeded to the Metropolitan Railway Station m Farringdon-street, and went by train ae far as Baker-street Station, where the King and party alighted, and proceeded to Madame Tussaud's Exhi- bition. In the'King, with Lord Methuen and General Sir Fra2seis Seymour, dined wiJJi Earl Granville at the Foreign; Office. On Sunday morning the King, attended by the whole of his suite, and ac. companied by the Swedish Minister and Count Otto Steenbock, Conseiller of the Swedish Legation, attended Divine Service at the Swedish Church, Princes-square, St. George's-in-the-East. The pasteur A. R. Frost officiated. His Majesty returned to his hotel at half-past one, when he received at luncheon the Rev. A. R. Frost and his assislant chaplain, the Swedish Minister, and Count Steenbock. His Majesty and suite went to the Zoological Gardens at four o'clock, and stayed there about two hours and a-half. In the evening his Majesty dined with the Prince and Princess of Wales at Marlborough House.
A PLEA FOR A CORN LAW.
A PLEA FOR A CORN LAW. The Morning Advertiser says :— Supposing that wheat is 10s. per quarter, and meat 2d. per lb. cheaper now than during the last decade, what is the gain to each individual ? An adult consumes, on an average, six bushels of wheat in a year, so that all he saves by the ruin of the farmers, who are his best customers, is 7s. 6d. per annum. On the assumption that the workman in good employ eats 31b. of fresh meat in a week, there would be a saving of 6d. per week, or 26s. a year on that item. But at what a cost is this 7d. a week to be saved if things go on as they are doing ? Simply, that the landowners of the country will have £30,000,000 or more a year less to spend, while half the agricultural labourers of the kingdom will be thrown out of employ- ment, only to flood the towns and immediately reduce the rate of wages. The truth is, that America has such a surplus to dispose of in the shape of meat and grain that she would send it all the same to us if we put a duty of 10s. on wheat and 2d. a pound on meat. The only difference would be that an enormous sum of -money, which now goes into the foreigner's pocket, would be spent at home, and all classes would flourish, instead of being in a state of depression; while, by showing the protectionists that we had the whip hand of them,' we could soon open their ports to our manufactures."
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A singular scene occurred at Claremorris on Monday, ^a^ter Bourke, J.P., whe has been Boycotted and his life threatened, attended Mass with his family, and carried a gun into the chapel with him. The people be- cameexcited, and demanded that he slaould leave the gun outside, which he refused to do. They then demanded that he should be put out hinself, but the Rev. Canon Bourke persuaded him to go into the sacristy. The congregation still demanded the removal of 1\fr. Walter Bourke and the gun, but the rev. gentleman declined to order his removal. The eongregation then left in a body, carrying the rev. canon and his clerk with them in the crowd. Quiet was restored and the congregation returned on Mr. Bourke, his family/and servants leaving the chapel.