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DEATH OF MR. HENRY PEASE.
DEATH OF MR. HENRY PEASE. The following is from the Obituary Notices of The Times of Tuesday :— On Monday evening, at 5.50, Mr, Henry Pease, of Stanhope Castle, county of Durham, and Pierremont, Darlington, died at his London residence. Mr. Pease was in his 75th year. He was the son of Edward Pease, the father of railways, and was born at Darlington. After receiving a sound commercial education he was sent to learn the business of a tanner, but did not long follow that occupation. The official records of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company, of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company, the earliest in the world, show that when quite a youth, and soon after the line was opened, he took an active part in the direction of the affairs of that'undertaking. Since that time he had been on the board of management, and when the Stockton and Darlington was merged in the North-Eastern Railway Company he still retained his seat, and was, in fact, the oldest railway director in the world. While play- ing an important part in the extension of the wonderful railway system which his father had originated, he found time to embark largely in commercial pursuits, to devote himself +0 politics, and to take a conspicuous place as a social reformer, The Pease family "re almost, if not quite, without a parallel in this country in their gigantic industrial operations. They are the owners ot many collieries in South Durham, of vast ironstone mines in Cleve- land, and of lead, workings in the northern dales. The late Mr. Joseph Pease was the founder of Middlesbrough, and,his brother, the deceased, was the founder of Saltbnrn—the watering-place at the ter- minus of the Darlington section of the North-Eastern Railway. Six years ago, when the railway jubilee was celebrated at Darlington, Mr. Pease was the centre of the which marked the first balf Century in the history of railways. Mr. Pease, although largely engaged in mercantile pursuits, lived a varied and eventful life as a poli- tician. a member of the Peace Society, a traveller, a h >r. ilturist, a member *f the Society of Friends, „ii active citizen, taking part is all municipal tr In 1857 he was returned in the Liberal interest as mgmber for South Durham, and eight years artti 'fds voinntarily retired from Parliamentary life in favour I of hi# nephew, Mr. Joseph Whitwell Pease", now the bead of the family, who has since oc< pied the seat. As" representing «be Society of Friends, Mr. Pease, along with the Joseph Sturge, of Birmingham, and Robert Charlton, of Bristol, journeyed to Russia in for the purpose of endeavouring to prevent the war which was thfjn threatened between England and that eo«;trv. At Kfc Petersburg they had an inter- view with the latè Cmr, who not only received them kindlv ar i i troutf them to the Empress, but pressed them ton, „-yj,nd visit Moscew. Their efforts were unaA-lUng. although the Czar declared his anxiety to maintain cordial relations between the two co Mrt" Pt.ase Was one of another em- bassy of three who shortly afterwards visited the late Emperor of the French at Paris to urge him to use his influence in calling together a Congress of European nations to promote the interests of peace. Here again the object of their mission was unsuccessful, notwith- standing the cordial sympathy of the Emperor, who received the deputation graciously at the Tuileries. On the death of JbJLs brother Joseph, who was the first Quaker member of Parliament, Mr. Pease suc- ceeded him as President of the Peace Society. He was elected first Mayor of Darlington in 1867, when that town was incorporated. His horticultural taste led him to beautify the principal thoroughfares of his native borough by planting trees in such a way as to give the roads the appearance of boulevards. Mr. Pease was twice married, his first wife being Miss Fell, of the great Quaker family, in Westmoreland. By that marriage there was issue Mr. Henry Fell Pease. Mr. Pease married secondly Miss Mary Lloyd, of Wednesbury, by whom he leaves five children.
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A correspondent (" N. C.") writes to the Standard Will you permit me space to say that 'Jack' has been to London. I was at Victoria. Station some few weeks ago, and while waiting on the arrival platform I saw Jack' jump out of the guard's van of a Lewes train. "I knew the dog directly, having on several occa- sions seen him at Lewes, where I had also heard his history. I asked the guard of the train whether 'Jack' had come up from Lewes with him. Hi3 reply was, 'No, Sir he joined me at Clapham Junction.' I then inquired if Jack' was going back to Lewes with him. 'I don't think so,' was the answer; 'he may probably take a trip round to London Bridge and go home that way. There's no accounting for him.' I may add that Jack' was soon surrounded by an admiring crowd, among whom was, your obedient ser- vant, N. C."
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Another correspondent (W. W. M.) of The Standard writes:— Sir —I have read with interest about Jack of Lewes in your impression of this day. Will you allow me to men- tion some details of the sagacity of a London Railway Dog- Fan," of the Edgware-road Station ? For ten years this animal travelled continually on a railway engine between that station and Hammersmith, occasionally getting off at an intermediate station, crossing the line, and returning by the next train. Notwithstanding various lines go through Edgware-road, she never went on a Mansion-house, Earl's-court, or any other than a Hammer- smith train, and was equally careful on returning to go no further east than her own place. She is buried near the north-east end of the Edgware- road platform, under an evergreen, on a small piece of ground specially set apart, and above, on a mural tabl.et, is the following "In Memory of Poor FAN, Died May 8, 1876, For ten years at the Drivers' call. Fed by many, I Regretted by all."
THE MEANING OF ANOTHER BAD…
THE MEANING OF ANOTHER BAD HARVEST. The Mark Lane Express predicts another bad harvest as the result of observations made over a very ex- tended area, north, south, east, and west, and asks "If, as is only too pro cable, we should have another poor general harvest, what will happen? Why, agricultural ruin must be more widely spread than it is even now; more farms than ever will be unculti- vated, or in their owner's hands and rents, already fallen in all but the most favoured localities, must come down with a run. The time for temporary remissions is surely over. The question is one of reducing the rent materially to a present tenant, or taking less still from a successor. There is no farm in the country, unless it be a good pasture farm, or an arable farm that has been greatly improved, that is worth as much to a man who has his living to get by farming as it was worth four years ago. When rents have been reduced to about the level that prevailed thirty years ago, or perhaps much below that, it will be a question whether land can bear the combined burdens of the tithes and rates now piled upon it.- Indeed there is no ques- tion that a great deal of land will go out of cultiva- tion if some relief is not given. The tithe question will come on for settlement before many years are over if times do not vastly improve. But when all is done in reducing rents and local burdens the really permanent remedy for agricultural depression will have to be looked for in an improved system of land tenure."
THE FRENCH DERBY.
THE FRENCH DERBY. The Paris Correspondent of the Standard gives the fol- lowing description cf the French Derby, which was run for Oil Sunday The racecourse of Chantilly was once more enlivened tc by the annual Prix du Jockey Club, or, as the I in their flattering imitation of England, now commonly call it, the French Derby. Beyond this si of n?M!.ie, however, the gathering at Cha,ntilly beat's little resemblance to that at Epsom. The ground is too far from Paris-about twenty-six miles-to admit of everyone being present, and lovers of popular sporting sights must wait till the Grand Prix at Longchamps takes place to be able to see anything approaching the great national contest in Sngiar.d. Nevertheless, the meeting at Chantilly is always worth a visit, for there is abundance of amusement to be found there. Unfortunately, this year the weather was the reverse of favourable, and the field, on the whole, was con- sidered a poor or.e by those initiated in horse racing. The rain begardo fall at midnight, and when Paris and Chantilly rose this morning it was still coming down with cruel persistency. Umbrellas and ulsters were, therefore, in general demand, and the majority of the fair sex set aside those light costumes which form such an attractive feature in equestrian fetes, but in pite of these drawbacks the attendance showed little sign of falling off. From early morn the Northern Rail- way "Station was besieged by gay and hopeful crowds, who were rapidly despatched by express trains to the scene of the races. On the way down everybody discoursed glibly on the points of the different runners. The amount of turf knowledge displayed by novices of both, sexes was most remarkable. The absence of representatives of M. Delamarr's stable from the race it has carried off so often appeared to cast a gloom, over experienced patrons of the Turf, and but for 1, Lupin and some smaller owners, Count Lagrange was rightly expected to have it all his own way. The names of "Albion," "PrometMe," and" V er- sainville," coupled with strangly worded challenges, were bandied about in a manner quite unintelligible to the outsider. In the midst of hoping, prophesying, and betting, the course was duly reached. The ground is charmingly situated on an immense il pel',use, with xhe forest on the left and the chateau on the right. Happily, towards noon, the weather improved th# SKy grew less leaden, and the rain ceased. This fortuitous armistice in the elements brought down fresh batches of spectators by the later trains, so that by the time business began the course was waU filled. The tribunes were crowded, but no?. inconveniently. The Jockey Club stand was au grand complet, and there were more handsome toilets than might have been expected from the wet weather. Conspicuous among the many distinguished personages present were the Orleans Princes and Princesses. The Duke d'Aumale, the Prince de Joinville, and the Duke de Nemours took deep interest in the running. The Duke d'Aumale looked particularly delighted, and between the races held a kind of reception which did not seem to please the Republican observers. Tite result of the great event caused little or no surprise. Eleven horses ran, of which four belonged .mint T lirjn^o. The excitement, however, was none the 1 s r s se, and as Albion reached the winning 1 the c owd became literally delirious. It was a nriliiant iorlorn hope for the other horses. It is not a«to*iiihIn_, therefore, if the race displeased veteran turfmen, one of whom, paraphrasing the mot of the French General about Balaclava, said, CP est magnijique nUl/is ee •*>■<%t pas le sport."
A NATIONAL PROTECTION LEAGUE.!
A NATIONAL PROTECTION LEAGUE. The Birmingham Gazette states that anew" National League." has been formed "to protect the country from the unfair assaults directed from abroad against its industries and its commerce." The following is given as a statement of the principles of the new organisation "The watchword, of the National League should be National protection—protection alike for land and labour, from unfair and one-sided foreign competition so as to secure a fair trade, while leaving all commer- cial transactions as free and unfettered as the winds of he3,\TC rL The concluding paragraph invites Those who desire to abolish the existing one-sided free import system, and to substitute in its stead a policy of self- help or national protection," to join the League, "and thus assist in creating a national organization to advo- "cate their policy ot consolidating our empire by means of an Imperial TradeTederation between the mother country £ ij<^her .colonies, and of defending our national labour frotn unfair foreign competition by means of an Imperial tariff." The statement iss made that the League nnds^atrong support in several large manufacturing towns, more particularly in the Midland Counties.
MR. GLADSTONE ON LOCAL OPTION.
MR. GLADSTONE ON LOCAL OPTION. The Brime Minister has ordered the following letter to be sent to Air. D. At. Du-uop on the subject of the Amendment otttio Liquor Laws :— "Sir,—Mr.- Gladstone has had the honour to re- ceive the comInm\tion recently addressed to him by yourself and osiers interested in the question of the Amendment of; t Liquor Laws in Scotland, and he desires me to say that he is obliged by this further expression of their views on the subject. The feeling which was expressed the other day in connnction with the proposal for closing public-hou-es on Sunday in Wales, and to which you make allusion, is one on which he has endeavoured to act impartially in every case where the st),tB of public opinion seemed to call for it. As regards, however, the suggestion that the liquor Question should be eonsidered with the question of Local Government and Local Taxation, Mr. Gladstone is afraid that as this last named ques- tion is both wide and complex, it would be hazardous to combine with it another controverted matter. The tendency of such combinations is to unite together opponents of each part as opponents of the whole. With respect to Local Option, I am to observe that Mr. Gladstone has never taken an objec- tion in principle to a considerate recognition of it; but the circumstances of the present session are, he fears, siugub.rJy unfavourable to the introduction of matter not already before Pa.riiament.-I am, sir, your obe- dient servant, E. W. HAMILTON.
A STRUGGLE FOR THE THRONE…
A STRUGGLE FOR THE THRONE OF AFGHANISTAN. Under date Queta, May 29, The Times of Monday gave the following from its Correspondent :— The struggle for the throne of Afghanistan has begun, and first blood has been drawn by Abdur- rahman. A certain Syud Azim Shah, who had assembled a band of Ayoob's partisans about fifty miles from Girishk, arrived in the neighbourhood of that place on the 19th inst. with a party of horse, vaiicusly estimated at one to three hundred. The Sirdar Gul Muhamad Khan, who is holding Girishk for the Ameer, as he did for us, attacked him immediately at the head of a few Cabuli Militia just arrived from Candahar and some tribal horse, and drove him off with a loss of three killed and one pri- soner, all Alizaes, the chiefs of which were fighting for the Ameer. The affair is not of much importance, but it shows that even the Alizaes of Zamindawar, who are supposed to be Ayoob's most thorough partisans, are by no means unanimous in his cause. Later advices state that Syud Azim Shah's" band numbered 1,500 men, of whom one-third are mounted men, and that he is still in the neighbourhood of Girishk, where reinforcements of regular troops have been sent from Candahar. Sirdar Muhamad Hashim Khan is said to be on his way to Zamindawa from Fara with 2,000 horse, but the Sirdar Muhamad Hasan Khan, who left Herat for the same place with 500 cavalry, turned back after he had made two marches, hearing that the Turkomans were menacing a raid on the Herat Valley. Ayoob is reported to have withdrawn his three Herati regiments from Khushk and to have disarmed them. If this is true, his object was probably to obtain arms for the Can- daharis, who are certainly joining him in considerable numbers. Letters from the Ameer's representatives at Candahar have been received by all the notable inhabitants of Herat, inviting them in their own interests to join the Ameer and expel Ayoob from the country, and are said to have created much impression. I am inclined to think that Ayoob will not leave Herat, but will confine himself to a guerilla warfare with the tribal levies in Zamindawar. » )
A TRAVELLED DOG.
A TRAVELLED DOG. Few people who travel on the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway know what a distinguished character has a free pass on every branch of the line, of which for several,years he has taken daily advan- tage (says the Illustralted Sporting and Dramatic News). It is between two and three years ago that a fox-terrier, big in bone, and not over well-bred, jumped into a train that was leaving Brighton for Horsham, and settled himself in the guard's carriage. Little notice was taken of him at first, but after a time he began to be a person of great interest. No one knew where he came from or to whom he belonged but every day he was ready for an early start in an early train. Sometimes he went to Portsmouth, sometimes to Horsham, sometimes only to nearer stations but the most remarkable part of his arrangements was that he always got to Brighton in time tø go by the last train to Lewes, where he always slept, leaving again by the first train in the morning. When the friend from whom I first heard"this story (and who vouches for the truth of it) last heard of Jack he still continued this practice, and always spent the night at Lewes Station. About a year and a half ago the London, Brighton, and South Coast Company began to look upon him as one of their regular servants, and presented him with a collar bearing this inscription, Jack-London, B. and S. Coast Railway Company." My friend told me that on one occasion, some months ago, he traced Jack's movements on one especial day, and probably it was a good sample of many another. He arrived from Brighton by a train reaching Steyning at 10.50; there he got out for a minute, but went on by the same train to Henfield. Here he left the [train and went to a publichouse not far from the station, where a biscuit was given to him; and, after a little walk, took a later train to West Grinstead. where he spent the afternoon, re- turning to Brighton in time for the last train to Lewes. He was rather fond of the Portsmouth line, but never, I believe, has come so far as London. He generally takes his place on or by the guard's wheel, and sits looking out of the window; It would be very interesting to know in what the fascination of this perpetual railway travelling consists. It certainly shows an immense amount of instinct and observa- tion, and the regularity and punctuality of Jack's daily life are a lesson to many a two-legged traveller. Whether he considers himself sub guard, or director, or general overseer, no one can tell, but there is, it seems, an idea of duty in his movements; what he has to do (or thinks he has to do) he does faithfully, and so far is a telling example to his fellow travellers on the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway.
.LIFE SALVAGE.
LIFE SALVAGE. Tables on the above subject have been issued by the Board of Trade, showing the different life-saving appa- ratus stations, with particulars of service rendered by the rocket apparatus, on the coasts of the United King- dom during the year ended June 30, 1880. The total number of lives saved by the apparatus in that year was 95, as compared with 162 in the previous year. The Board of Trade now grant an extra reward of £1 for each life saved by the apparatus, to be divided among the Coastguard and volunteers. The number of life-saving apparatus stations upon the coast of the United Kingdom is now 289. The apparatus and the method of working it are thus described" A rocket is fired which carries a line over a ship; the crew haul nn the rocket line, and this brings an endless rope (called a whip), rove through a block, with a tail attached to it, which they make fast to a mast or some other portion of the wreck high above the water. Those on shore then haul off to the ship a hawser attached to the whip, which is made fast to the mast or other portion of the wreck about 18 inches above the whip. Those on shore then= set the hawser up and send off to the ship the sling life-buoy. When the buoy reaches the ship one of the shipwrecked persons gets into it, and it is hauled back with its occupant. This process is repeated till all, or as many as possible, are saved. On low coasts without rocks it is sometimes found better not to use the hawser, but the whip and sling life-buoy alone. When the vessel is close in shore, a heaving cane is used instead of a rocket." Waggons and carts on improved models are now supplied for the conveyance of the life-saving apparatus,- and an improved method of stowing the life-saving gear ha3 been introduced, which, it is hoped, will add to the efficiency of the service.
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Sir Wilfrid Lawson, M.P., was present on Wed- nesday night at a United Kingdom Alliance meeting at Sheffield, and spoke in favour of local option. Whilstilie ad- mitted the strength of the forces that were against the adoption of the principle, he expressed a confident opinion that victory would ultimately be attained. Their object, he said, should now be to endeavour to indues Parliament to pass an Act on the basis of the resolution which he succeeded in persuading the Bouse to pass last June. Resolutions in favour of the Alliance programme were unanimously carried.
THE NEW FRENCH TARIFF.!
THE NEW FRENCH TARIFF. A return was publisked on Saturday morning showing in a comparative tabular form the alterations proposed under the new general French tariif. The return is preceded by the following official description of the effect of the proposed alterations' The changes made in the new French general tariff, as compared with the present conventional tariff, are, broadly speaking, of two kinds, namely ? 1. Increase of about 24 per cent. in the duties now levied specifically on many important articles of British produce and manufacture; and 2. Conversion into specific duties of the ad valorem rates hitherto charged, also with an increase in many articles of 24 per cent. With regard to the increased duty, it will be'-noticed that 24 per cent. equals the amount of the two addi- tional tenths (decimes de guerre) which have' been levied under the general tariff, plus the 4 per cent, additional imposed in 1873; and it was stated in the Government Exposé des Motifs," in the introduction of the new Tariff Bill in 1878, that this increase was chiefly intended to give a margin for reduction in negotiating treaties. Besides these two distinct changes there have been a few decreases of specific duties, which are, however, more than balanced by increases larger than the pre- scribed 24 per cent., and several new duties have been imposed. The "conversion of ;he ad valorem rates has necessarily led to many more separate classes of goods being enumerated, and even with these elaborations the incidence of the new duties must be very unequal on the cheapest and dearest articles which come into the same category for duty. As regards particular articles which are imported into France from the United Kingdom in any quantity, an increase in the duty on bed feathers and down may be noticed, and a duty on lobsters. Sponges unprepared are to pay less, and prepared more than formerly. Rice has been freed from duty. On stone and slate we find new or increased rates on most descriptions. In metals, on the other hand, there are several deductions under steel rails and plates, brown hot-rolled, but the duties on iron and steel-2f. per 100 kilos, on pig-iron and 6f. on iron and steel rails- -still represent a very heavy ad valorem tax on these articles. The duties on minor chemicals have been mostly converted from ad valorem to specific rates, apparently raising them in several instances and in the various sodas, the rates, which were before' specific, have been increased by about 21 per cent. As regards some colours, specific duties have been substituted for ad valorem, and there are a few new duties. Scented soap is now taxed double the former rate, and the duties on other perfumery are also increased. Starch pays four times as much as the old duty. Turning to beverages, the duty on all spirits has been doubled, and that on beer has beeni ncreased as compensation for hops being more heavily taxed. As regards earthenware and China the ad, valorem duties have been converted into specific rates, with a greater number of subdivisions, and the same thing has been done in glass and glasswares, where the in- crease is apparent in the few cases in which the former duties were specific. Coming next to yarns and textiles, a new classifica- tion in linen yarns renders comparison difficult, but the additional duty is less than 24 per cent. in the lowest numbers, and as much as 50 to 100 per cent. in the highest numbers. Jute yarns show nearly the exact 24 per cept. increase, and cotton yarns also, ex- cept those dyed with Turkey red, the extra tax on which has been much raised. The change in the classification of cotton thread has further increased the duties in some cases considerably. In woollen yarns a distinction has been made between combed and carded yarns, which makes the changes work un- equally. Thus in combed yarns the increase in almost all cases is about 24 per cent., but carded yarns show a few decreases, and, on the other hand, the increases in many cases amount to nearly 90 per cent. Similarly the duties on flax and hemp tissues ex- hibit irregular alterations the increased duty in linens, unbleached, being from 24 per cent. to 50 per cent. Table linens, &c., are now taxed specifically instead of ad valorem, and it is the same with linen lace, hosiery, &c., and with mixed jute tissues. A further change has been introduced as to linen tissues by counting the weft as well as the warp in the classification, and dividing the total by two. The duties on cotton tissues have been doubled as regards the lighter fabrics, and a new classification is introduced. Cotton velvets and cords show large increases, while specific duties have replaced the ad valorem rates of 15 per cent, in printed^ cottons, &c. The same change is made in pure and mixed woollen tissues, the 10 per cent. ad valorem duty being con- verted in all cases. Lastly in regard to tissues, those of silk and waste silk show the prescribed inert j <pof 24 per cent. Fancy paper is now taxed treble the former amount. In skins and leather the usual conversions have been made, except in a few articles already subject to specific duties, where the 24 per cent. increase has been effected. In gold and silver wares, the 5 per cent duties have been converted. In iron wares and machinery the rates are almost identical, except two reductions in steel springs and pieces of steel, and in- creases in sewing needles. Breech-loading fowling- pieces are separated from muzzle-loaders, and pay 50 per cent, more, and rough gun barrels are charged 200 per cent, more than under the Treaty tariff. The duties of 10 per cent. ad valorem on furniture have been converted into specific, and the same change has been effected with basket wares, musical instruments, and carriages; and these alterations have necessitated a larger number of sub-divisions being introduced to cover the specific rates. Large increases have been made in the duties of straw plaits, and on straw hats, the change in the latter being from 10 francs to 250 francs per 100 kilos. Conversions of the ad valorem, duties of 10 per cent. have been made in felt hats, corks, fans, combs, brushes, and umbrellas, &c.
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The Times has a leader commenting upon the above and concludes by remarking:- "The broad conclusion from this review is not unfavourable to the conclusion of-a new, treaty even more favourable to our trade than the last, if we can only suppose that the decisions of the French Govern- ment will be guided by an enlightened view of the self-interest of their country. Whatever view may be taken of the influence of the treaties on Anglo-French trade—and there is at least a presumption that the treaties have contributed materially to its develop- ment-therecan be nodoubtof the excessive importance of English trade to the French nation. The great facts are that a fifth of the foreign business of France is with us, and a fourth of what France exports comes to us. Without the English market, French pro- ducers and manufacturers would be nery badly off. It is clearly, therefore, the interest of I ranee to en- courage trade with England by lowering its tariff- It would be a serious matter, from a French point of view, to offend England and leave us at liberty, how- ever unlikely we are to make use of thai; liberty, to prohibit the export of coal, and levy high duties on French wines, silks, and other articles. Our interest in the question is very great, but if we have any confidence in free trade principles at all, we should be quite content to let the action of France be guided by its own interests with- out a treaty. Sooner or later these interests will be sure to tell on the commercial policy of France. We have no need to ask of her Government the concession of a low tariff on the articles we export as if we were asking something which France might be unwilling to grant, and which we must, therefore, coerce or coax her into giving."
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The following notice was issued on Tuesday nigh from the Foreign Office A Royal Commission, consisting of Sir Charles W. Dilke, M P. the Right Hon. W. E. Baxter, M.P. Sir Charles Rivers Wilson, K C.M.G., C.B. Mr. C. M. Kennedy, C.B. and Mr J. A. Crowe, Commercial Attachd to her Majesty s Embassies at Berlin and Vienna, having been appointed to confer with the High Commissioners of the French Republic with a view to the negotiation of a new commercial treaty with France, associations and persons who may wish to make representations to the Commission with respect to trade between the United Kingdom and France are re- quested to communicate with the Secretaries to the Royal Commission at this office."
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The London Gazette of Tuesday night contains the an- nouncement of the appointment of the persons whose names are given above as Royal Commissioners "for the purpose of conferring, in a friendly spirit, with delegates to be appointed on the part of our good friend, the President of the French Republic, and of discussing with them certain matters re- lating to commerce and navigation." Mr Henry Austin Lee and Mr. Alfred Edmund Bateman, barrister-at-law, are ap- pointed joint secretaries of the Commission.
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BIBLES ON PALM LEAVES.—A Bible written on palm leaves is preserved in the Universary of Got- tingen. It contains 5,376 leaves. Another Bible of this material is at Copenhagen. There was also in Sir Hans Sloane's collection more than twenty manu- scripts, in various languages, on the same material. TEA IN MONGOLIA.-Tea is to the Mpngol what beer is to the lower orders among, ourselves. The Mongol never drinks cold water, but always—morn- ing, noon, and night-brick-tea, procured from the Chinese. Both men and women are passionately fond of it, and neither can exist without it for many days. From morning till night the kettle is simmer- ing on the hearth, and all members of the family con- stantly have recourse to it. It is the first refresh- ment offered to a guest; and their greatest pleasure is to sit and chat over a cup of their favourite beverage. From ten to fifteen large cupfuls form the daily allow- ance for a girl, but full grown men take twice as much,
THE MURDER OF A FRENCH CORRESPONDENT.
THE MURDER OF A FRENCH CORRESPONDENT. The Times of Wednesday published the following from their Paris Correspondent, under date May 31 <> The war correspondent of the Telegraphe, M. Seguin, was yesterday, in the most unprovoked manner, according to all accounts, assassinated at Beja by an Arab fanatic. While waiting for the train, by which he was to return to Tunis, he went to take a stroll outside the town, and at a few steps from the gate was attacked by the Arab, who struck him with a huge stone. He drew a dagger to defend himself, but the Arab snatched it from him, stabbing him in eight different places with it. M. Seguin expired shortly after from his wounds. The murderer, who is a deserter from an Algerian regiment, and who always had a reputation in his regiment.for being of a highly'excitable character, has been secured and is to be tried by court-martial before General Forgeinol.
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The Paris Correspondent of the Daily News writing on Tuesday night, says General Forgemol has addressed directly to the Telegraphe the following:—" I regret to announce the death of your correspondent, M. Seguin, who has been assassinated by a fanatical native. He died this morning, at six, of his wounds." A Correspon- dent of the journal telegraphed at eight last night to the Editor: I am going to visit M. Seguin, who I hear, has been frightfully wounded. This morning, after having breakfasted in a holstery at Beja, he left the town to go in the direction of the camp. At about fifty yards trom the gates of Beja a native detached himself from a group of Arabs and rushed on M. Seguin ttJ pommel his head with a big stone which he had in his hand. When he had knocked him down he plunged his' dagger several times into his abdomen. There are eight terrible wounds. The doctors yet hope to save our poor friend. The assassin, all covered with blood, has been arrested, and taken before the General. Another correspondent's telegram runs thus :— Beja, 4.0 p.m. Seguin is dead. He suffered fright- fully, but with admirable constancy. His stoical energy of character never for a moment deserted him. The crime is inexplicable. M. Seguin had gentle man- ners, and there was nothing haughty, harsh, or offen- sive in him. From another source we learn :— Many Europeans witnessed the murderous assault, which was so rapidly executed that they had not time to intervene usefully. A lot of soldiers were, hard by and hastened to the rescue. One of them seized the assassin. When they gathered round M. Seguin they found his head and face contused and bleeding. The waistband of the trousers was cut through. A French doctor, M. Duponchel, came' up and de- spatched men to the staff-surgeon to bring him to the spot and to fetch lint, towels, and bandages. M. Baudoin, the Head Surgeon to the Forgemol Corps, soon arrived with a litter and men to bear it. Dr. Serval also came and held the edges of the stomach wound together. While the litter was being carried to the hospital, Seguin moaned as if in agony, and said How dreadfully I suffer." The cloth over his face to protect it from the sun became in a moment red with blood. There was a halt. M. Duponchel felt the pulse, and spoke hopefully to cheer the dying man. After a slow march of half an hour the ambulance was reached. It was there ascertained that eight knife wounds had been inflicted in the abdominal region, three in the neck, one which perforated the nose, and another in the shoulder. Dr. Baudoin sewed up those of the abdomen, and performed an operation on the stomach. No chloroform was used, M. Seguin groaned much, but did not cry out as the needle Was going through his flesh. M. Baudoin said there was not one chance in a hundred of his life being saved, and was indisposed to give what, it appeared to him, would be useless pain by operating. The cuts were inflicted by'a clasp-knife belonging to M. Seguin, who took it out of his pocket to defend himself. On seeing this the aggressor tore it from him, and furiously stabbed him. The last thrust was in the shoulder, and was inflicted with such violence as to twist the knife. M. Seguin passed through the Ecole Normale Superieure, in which M. Paradol, M. About, and so many other celebrated authors learned the mechanism of the literary art. He, like them, had a greater vocation for journalism than for teaching; and he liked, although a man of gentle and almost shy manners, the adventurous existence of a war correspondent. His experience in military campaigns was very great. Before he went to Tunis he wrote a book entitled "The Next War," which has been, it appears, much noticed by the German military papers. His careeer as a war correspondent began in 1870, when he was twenty-two years old.. When attacked he had strapped on his shoulders an old Kroumir firelock, which a Zouave gave him as a souvenir of a chasse aux Kroumirs which he witnessed. The sight of this weapon may have exasperated the Arab.
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Further particulars have been received respecting the tragic fate of M. Seguin, the war correspondent of the Telegraphe, who was murdered at Beja on Sunday last (says the Paris Correspondent of the Daily Tele- graph). The Tunis correspondent of the same journal says On Sunday morning Seguin leit the Logerot column and went to the camp at Beja where his horse and tent were, his intention being to come on to Tunis. About noon he went to look out for the coach that transports tra- vellers to the station, which is some way off. He had proceeded about twenty yards from the gate through which the coach passes, when a stone hit him on the back of the head with such force that he nearly fell. He turned to see who his aggressor was. Several stones were then thrown, grazing his head. They came from a group of Arabs who were standing near a brick- kiln. Seguin had not his revolver with him, so he took to his heels, hoping to get to the gate. He was, however, pur- sued. Savage cries were raised behind him, and he turned round. Seeing an Arab close to him, he drew a small dagger- knife from his pocket to defend himself. The Arab rushed at his throat, overthrew him, snatched the knife from his hands, and plunged it time after time into his body. Seguin ran about fifteen yards further on, but the Arab caught him up, pushed him down easily, weak as he was, and again stabbed him. Several Jews who had wit- nessed this scene fled towards the town, calling loudly for help. Hearing them, a Maltese ran up and seized the murderer, who still had his victim under him. More succour arrived, and the assassin was tightly bound and led to the camp. The unfortunate Seguin was transported to the ambulance, where the doctors showed him every attention. The medical men at first hoped to. save him, provided that no complications occurred. They visited him several times during the night and found him calm. About half-past five Seguin felt that he was growing weaker. Syncope declaring itself, he was given ammoniac to inhale. He breathed loudly and then fell back dead.
CUTTINGS FROM AMERICAN PAPERS.
CUTTINGS FROM AMERICAN PAPERS. Josh Billings thus explains the difference between the words "mistake and blunder." If a man puts down a poor umbrella and picks up a good one, it is a mistake: if he puts down a good umbrella and picks up a poor one, it is a blunder. Some one wrote to Horace Greeley inquiring if guano was good to put on potatoes. He said it might do for those whose tastes had become vitiated with tobacco and rum, but he preferred gravy and butter. The faculty of an Ohio female seminary have issued orders that no pupils shall have more than one male visitor per week. The smart girls invite their young men to call on Sunday, so that when their fathers come on Monday, the old men finely themselves barred out. An Indian chief,,after the romantic manner of his nation, calls his musket Book-agent," because it is an old smooth bore. "What are the wild waves saying, John?" sung out Young America to a Chinaman on the beach. "Washee, washee," calmly replied the Celestial, with a grin. Said' little Edith to her doll:—" There, don't answer me back. You mustn't be saucy, no matter how hateful I am. You must remember I am your mother Strange what curious ideas children get into their heads sometimes. A Galveston father wanted to test the affection of his son, so he said to him— You have been a very good boy, and now I'll give you your choice. Which would you prefer, my esteem or five dollars?" The boy took the five dollars as if it had been the measles, remarking that it was impossible for his father to have much esteem for a boy who failed to take advantage of his opportunities. A gentleman in New York Swamp met a rather "uncertain" acquaintance the other day, when the latter said:—" I'm a little short and would like to ask you a conundrum in mental arithmetic." "Proceed" observed the gentleman. "Well," said.;the "short" man, "suppose you had ten dollars in your pocket, and I should ask you for five, how much would remain?" "Ten dollars," was the prompt answer. This is the way in which a Louisville girl disposes of a lover:—" You have asked me pointedly if I can marry you, and I have answered you pointedly that I can. I can marry a man who makes love to another girl every month. I can marry a man whose main occupation seems to be to join, in gauntlet in front of the churches and theatres and comment audibly on the people who are compelled to pass through it. I can marry a man whose only means of support is an aged father. I can marry a man who boasts that any girl can be won with the help of a good tailor and an expert tongue. I can marry such a man, but I won't!" "Every girl in America wants a sealskin," and a shrewd Boston photographer owes his remarkable success to the fact that he keeps a sealskin for his sitters. Hundreds of young ladies, who do not possess a sealskin of their own, have been taken in it.
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EGYPTIAN OBBHSKS.—Nearly all the Egyptian obelisks were cut from the ridge of fine granite (very, free from flaws and shakes) through which the Nile ploughs its way, nearly under the tropic of Cancer, to form the first cataracts. The anoients called it Syenite, after the place, now Assouan, near which were quarried during thousands of years the monolith needles of flame-coloured stone which Pliny tells us were meant to represent the rays of the sun, and were dedicated to that divinity. They were the oldest idols, and he was the oldest Egyptian god thus wos* shipped.
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m!Mmm!m <! !( A ROYAL BULL FIGHT. The Daily Telegraph of Tuesday giyfiV a long and interest- ing description (by their Special CowespcVident) of the bull fights which have recently taken place in ,MadrId.-We give the following extracts from the-letter Although, technically speaking, the Calderon fetes were not inaugurated by the great bull fight which took place last Sunday in this singular capital, there can be but little doubt that to the major portion of the Madrilenos it appeared that the featfyal in honour of Spain's great poet was being fitly heralded by the spectacle which they were pro- mised should be shown them as soon after morning church service as convenient in the Plaza de Torog, It was a brilliant day, and the sun glared upon the white buildings of the city as though it would melt the eyeballs of its inhabitants; yet carpenters were hard at work all over the capital putting up wooden and plaster statues to Calderon in every, corner, long lines of flags, triumphal arches, festoons of colours, and pillars for illuminations. They were not the only people, however, who were busy. Madrid, having finished its devotions, its siesta, and its coffee, suddenly sprang into motion. From the churches mostly, I suppose, from the cafe's and from their couches, issued ladies by thousands, all wearing the beautiful mantilla, and in no case without the national fan thousands, too, of men of almost every hue, from the pale northerner to the dusky Manilla negro, dressed in every conceivable costume, were to be seen, all rushing into the vehicles as though a moment's delay might be absolutely fatal, and then driving away at a pace that defies description. Never was such a helter-skelter as that which now set in, not even on the road to Epsom on a Derby Day when the crowd is liveliest and the pace the hottest! The Plaza de Toros at Madrid is one of the most remarkable buildings in the warld. In general appear-, ance it must very greatly resemble the old amphi- theatre. It is built in the style in which those of ancient Italy and Greece were constructed, and it will hold some fifteen thousand persons when all are seated. In the centre is a targe ring covered with white sand, and encircled by a solid wooden fence about eight feet in height, loftier, yet like those used for our English circuses, fitted all along its inside with a step which is contrived so that a man chased by a bull may get his foot upon a sufficiently ad- vantageous elevation to allow of his swiftly vaulting over the barrier out of reach of the infuriated beast. There have been instances in which the animal has cleared it also, but these, it seems, are rare. Still to guard against the possibility of the bull getting in amongst the spectators another and still higher fence encompasses the first one at the distance of about a yard and a half from it, so that no danger can possibly accrue to the ladies and gentlemen who have come to enjoy the national pastime. The spectators are seated on tiers of granite benches raising one above another all round the ring to a great height, above them being a row of wooden seats, cushioned, for grandees and distinguished legislators, the Royal Box for the King and Queen, and still higher up a number of private boxes, the logqs being so high indeed that their occupants can only be recognised by the aid of a strong opera glass. The immense band of music whose duty it is to keep up a succession of martial airs is placed in that part of the great open building (for the Corso" is too immense to allow of a roof) where the sun's rays beat hottest. As I look down upon? the careless hundreds who have come specially to witness the spectacle of blood and to enjoy it, saunt?ring about the central ring and arranging their wagers as to the chances of escape which this "banderillero" or that" espacla" or picador may have of losing his life, a loud blare of trumpets announces that the time for the spectacle has arrived, and that the people must take their places. There is a hurried movement to the granite seats, not one of which long remains empty, a hoarse murmur of readiness, and then the entertainment begins. I should here mention that communicating with the ring and opening upon passages which, passing beneath the granite benches, lead to the cells where the bulls are confined or to the place where the actors wait, are four large iron doors, one of which fronts the Royal box, and that ere the fight begins it is customary for all who are to take part in the battle, except of course the bulls, to enter the ring at one of these doors, and to parade in front of the King. That august personage having arrived, accompanied by his Queen, and attended by his Court, it now remains only there- fore for this promenade to take place. Wide open then fly the great doors, and through them comes a procession such as one never sees except in pictures or here. First ride two masters of ceremonies, clad in black velvet dresses of patterns hundreds of years old, large ruffles, and vast sombreros or rolling- hats, ornamented with ostrich feathers. Then the espadas" or swordsmen, clad in costumes like those of our conventional pantomimic harlequins, only that they wear little gold capes on their shoulders and the Spanish round hat on their heads. These come on, sword in hahd, at a stately pace, in a line, but some yards apart, followed by the "banderilleros," or men who use a pointed piece of wood, or dart, armed with steel and ornamented with coloured paper, the said banderilleros "being clad like the "espadas," though with perhaps a little less gold on their shoulders. The correspondent then describes the entrance of a dozen capeadores," all tightly dressed in a harlequin costume, holding in their hands voluminous cloaks of red and black or green and gold. These are followed by a number of mounted picadores," or lancers, armed with long wooden lances, slightly tipped with tiny pieces of steel. Lastly come the scavengers of the ring, whose duty it is to drag away the dead bodies of bulls or horses. The correspondent con- tinues Forward tramps this brilliant show as the music rings out; the people cheer, the King bows, the ladies of Madrid shriek with joy and wave their handkerchiefs, and, amid a scene of tempestuous excitement, all but the scavengers arrange themselves in the ring and await the coming of the bull. To understand what followed it should be explained that a bull fight in Madrid consists of three acts. The first is that in which the picadores and their steeds, together with the capeadores who bear the flowing cloaks, combine to enrage and bewilder the bull. When this is over-and it may cease at any moment by command of the people-the act of the banderil- leros begins, one which, as you will presently see, involves the utmost peril to human life. The third act is that in which the espada enters and kills the bull with the sword. It so chanced that the first animal which was down on the list, a huge, powerful brute with horns eighteen inches long, was not quite the fiercest that might have been found. He hesitated to leave his cell and come out into the midst of the howling, screaming circle, and would probably have kept where he was had not something in the shape of fire been resorted to. When he did make his appear- ance, however, he was evidently very furious, and at once rushed at a "capeador," with the intention of goring the man. A moment sooner and he would have undoubtedly accomplished this, for the onslaught was so sudden that the fellow had hardly time to wave his cloak in the face of the bull and vault the fence before the bull's horn had caught one of his legs and rent it. Still he escaped, and the animal at once made for another foe. He, too, narrowly got off saved, however, not so much by his own nimblenessas by the sharpness of another "capeador," who just when the bull had nearly caught his comrade, and had, indeed, knocked him down, so art-, fully trailed a cloak in front of the creature's nose that it forthwith gored the garment, and trampled upon it for half a minute, giving both men time to escape, and half a dozen more capeadores time to come up, and worry him with their cloaks into the bargain. Filled with rage, he now dashed at a horse, trying with all his might to rend its stomach, but the "picador" was skilful, and so lacerated the bull's shoulders with his lance that the creature desisted, and, covered with blood, made a fresh attempt upon the men. All to no purpose, however; cloak after cloak trailed in front of him successfully misled him till at length he made for another horse, succeeding in goring both it and rider to such an extent that the nair rolled over on to the ground together, and were only rescued by the never failing cloaks. There was now a loud uproar, for the bull was, in the opinion of the Spanish public, not thoroughly up to its work, and needed more tantalising-a great cry for the "ban- derilleros"' went up. Instantly the "picadores" departed, and the three men, carrying each two little darts of wood, made their appearance in front of the bull. He, irritated by their fiery costumes, was not slow in rushing at one of them with his head down, and to all appearance would have had his enemy in the air in another instant, when the banderil- lero," giving a spring and pushing his arms be- tween the bull's horns, contrived to plant the two sharp points of his darts in the neck, after- wards, by a marvellously adroit movement, taking advantage of the sudden pause which this shock caused the animal to make to dash on one side and to avoid the point of his horn. To say that the bull was furious now that the two pieces of wood nung from'his bleeding neck, and rocking to and fro in the air gave him horrible pain, scarcely conveys an adequate idea of the creature's state. He dashed on one side and on the other, rushing after" ban- derilleros" and "capeadores" with such force as nearly to overthrow himself against the fence by which they escaped, but always being baulked either by means of the cloaks, the darts or the fence, till six darts had been safely planted in his neck, and the act thus finished. It was time for the "espada" to appear and he came in with great ceremony. Armed wtih a long sword and a red cloak, he advanced to the front of the Royal box, where, facitjg the King, hat m hand, he made an oration to the effect that either he or the bull must now die, and then, bowing, advanced to the bull. The animal was not unready for hnn., for he made at once a tremendous dash, covered, as he was, with blood, and maddened by the six 'darts that still hung in his flesh; but the attack was useless, for the espada was a skilful maR, It is etiquette to allow the bull to charge in this manner seven times, and this the bull did, but all to no purpose. The swordsman was always on the alert, only once having to fly for his life, and then being shielded from the horns of his adversary by the cloaks of the capeadores, till it came to his turn to assume the offensive. Now all eyes were fixed upon him. Would he strike or wait? There was a stillness in the air, the cloak was in front of the bull, the sword was hidden beneath it. Down went the animals head there was a short rush, and then the weapon was seen to enter the back of the bull just to the left of the spine, cloae behind the ears, and pierctf the huge carcase up to the very hilt. A long breath seemed to be drawn by the spectators, as all expected the bull to fall. But no; the animal made another rush, this time right across the ring with the swcrd through its body.. A fresh weapon was handed to the "espada;" there was another exhibition of the cloak, another pause, then the new blade flashed in the air, there was a thrust-and the bull fell dead. Now entered the scavengers with their teams, to draw the dead bull away, while the "eapada," retired amid the cr.thu* siastic cheers of the crowd. The Correspondent then desc?H)es a second fight, with 3 young Murcian bull, which bounded into the ring amidst the intense excitement of the spectators, and in an instant the infuriated animal rushed at one of the horses. Not- withstanding the vigorous efforts of the rider, who endla- voured by the use of his lance to ward off the horns of the raging assailant, and in spite of the instinctive self-defence of the horse, the bull pushed his horns into the horse's stomach, and turning them round actually ripped up the entire belly, tearing out the whole of the entrails and tossing the rider into the air. "With different horses three times was this scene repeated, when the bandilleros entered, and, at the imminent peril of their lives, plunged their barbed darts in the animal's neck, until, tearing with rage, the bull stood in the centre of the ring, waiting the "espada," who now came in, and, after the customary speech, attacked the infuriated beast. With the aid of the "capeadores," the" espada" succeeded in making several thrusts, until the bull almost fainted from loss of blood. Concluding his description, the Correspondent says :— The Madrid senores were by this time delighted. There was blood flowing enough even for them, for several men had been slightly hurt, three horses killed, one seriously injured, and the bull was bleed- ing from a dozen wounds. Down fell the Murcian, but not to die—he rested. There was a cry for the slaughterman to come up and strike the beast, and that official now stepped forward. No sooner had he done so, however, than once more the poor brute rose and essayed to walk away, bearing the sword with him. No cloak or man could now tempt him to attack. Slowly he moved round the ring, followed and surrounded by a crowd of butchers, disdaining them all for three or four minutes, when from loss of blood, and without another fight for life, he sank to the ground for the last time, and then died in agony. I felt I could stay no longer to look upon the rest of the "entertainment"—the dismal slaughter had un- nerved me. To the people of Madrid/however, it was by no means destitute of amusement, for they now composed themselves to witness the afternoon's pro- ceedings with becoming satisfaction, and refreshing themselves with orifnges, "aguardiente," and cigarettes, shouted hoarsely for the next bull and the I- picadores." "They love it," said a native of Madrid to me as we went out. together, "and sooner than give up their bull-fights they would have a revolu- tion." I should say, from what I saw last Sunday, that he was right.
The ARCTIC STEAMER "JEANNETTE."
The ARCTIC STEAMER "JEANNETTE." The following cable message has been received at the London cffice of the New York Herald "Washington, May 28. Mr. Hunt, Secretary of the United States Navy, has ordered the United States steamer A Iliance to proceed with all despatch to the Spitzbergen coast to aid the Arctic steamer Jeannette in case she should come out that way. Secretary Blaine has just telegraphed Mr. Foster, American Minister at St. Petersburg, to ask the Russian Government to direct its vessels to keep a friendly look-out on the Siberian coast for the Jeannette. No disaster to her apprehended, but the department deems it prudent to take these precautions."
FATAL RIFLE ACCIDENT.
FATAL RIFLE ACCIDENT. A gloom was cast over the proceedings of the closing day of the Middlesex Rifle Association meeting on Friday afternoon in last week by an accident which, unfortunately,, had a fatal termination. It appeared that while a number of competitors were firing at No. 3 butt, Wormwood-scrubs, from the 600 yards range, the signal of danger was raised in the butt apparently to test the value of a shot. Simultaneously with the raising of the flag at the butts a competitor discharged his rifle at No. 18 target, and the ballet passed through the stomach of the marker in charge, named Penfield, who unfortunately catne out at the moment without raising his flag, and before the signal could be an- swered at the firing point. The first intimation of the occurrence was conveyed to the competitors at the 600 yards range by the son of the unfortunate man, who ran down the range and asked for a doctor. Surgeon Shepherd, Victoria Rifles, at once proceeded to the butt, with Surgeon Coilins, 2nd Sussex, but their ser- vices were of no avail. Penfield, who leaves a wife and family, was one of the oldest and most experienced markers on the Scrubs, having been engaged there for upwards of 15 years. The occurrence was purely acci- dental. An inquest has been held, when the jury returned a verdict of Accidental Death.
THE POST OFFICE TELEGRAPH…
THE POST OFFICE TELEGRAPH CLERKS. In London, on Saturday night, at a crowded meet- ing of telegraph clerks, held at the Foresters' Hall, Clerkenwell-road, to consider the recent replies given by the Attorney General and the Postmaster General in the House of Commons, a resolution was carried unanimously to the effect that the meeting desiredtoconveyits mostsineere and heartfelt gratitude to those members of Parliament who had advocated the case of the telegraph clerks in Parliament, and to the 206 gentlemen who had promised their support through Mr. Macliver, M.P. and further to express its hearty thanks to the Press in general for the valuable sup- port th% had given to the cause, and to solicit their continued support in view of the absence of reassuring information other than so much as had been contained in the official circular of the Postmaster General. A resolution was also passed to the effect that no scheme was acceptable which placed the private and post transfer clerks on a different footing, as both were Civil Service clerks.
THE WRECK REGISTER FOR 1879-80.
THE WRECK REGISTER FOR 1879-80. A Blue-book issued on Tuesday contains abstracts of the returns made to the Board of Trade of sea. casualties which occurred on or near the coasts of the United Kingdom from July 1, 1879, to June 30, 1880, and other returns relating to shipwrecks. The total number of British, and colonial vessels lost was 972 i and 1,567 met with serious casualties, and 2,543 with minor casualties. The gross casualties on the coasts of the United Kingdom during the year 1879-80 were as follows.— Total leages-British vessels, 315; foreign vessels, 131; total 446. Serious casualties—British vessels, 726 foreign vessels, 176 total, 902. Minor casual- ties—British vessels, 1,783 foreign vessels, 186: total, 1,969. The total number of lives lost in British vessels was 2,155, of whom 1,518 were lost in sailing-vessels (in- cluding 281 lives lost in H.M.S. Atalanta) and 637 in steam-vessels. The number of lives lost in foreign vessels on the British coast was 56, all of whom were lost in sailing-vessels. The total nvmber of lives lost in British vessels-in the three previous years was -In 1878-79, 2,064; in 1877-78, 2,452 (including 318Jost» in the Eurydice) in 1876-77, 3,051. The number of lives saved from shipwreck on the British coasts was 2,923, of whom 3,418 were saved by ships' own boats. The lives saved from British vessels abroad and at sea numbered 8,282 of whom 4,791 were saved by ships' own boats.