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GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE…
GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE WEEK. (From the Gardener s 2Ilagazine.) [An excellent weekly j"U1"11:1], containing much valuable information f, :1''1ltteur and professional gardeners.] KITCHEN GARDEN AN19 FRAME GROCNn. Celery to lIe SOW11 for Tery early supply. A small pan of seed will he sufficient fur the wants of the 1ar¡rest family for fI. 1ir3t.sowing- Let the soil be lich and fine, the seed tu be very lightly covered. If the wil is reasonably moist in the first instance, it will not require to be watered till the plants are up. To prevent evaporation, by a square of glass (lyer the pan after sowing the seeds, but remove it when the plants appear above the surface of the soil. lihubarb in the 011en quarters to have six inches of rotten dung heaped over the frown of each plant, fur it is im- pusslble to grow good crops without the aid of liheral dressings of manure. Rhubarb may he planted now, and old stools may be divided. Kitchen Crop* of eTery kin,1 required for spring sowing may be sown i!lvery small breadths, and with the exercise of jlHIgment as to the prospects of the weather. Warm sheltered situations should be selected. Cabbage occupying plots of ground which will be required shortly inr some other crop may be taken up and laid in by the heels in some out-of-the-way place till wanted for the kitchen. This remark applies of course only to cabbages of a size fit for table, and that would probably be cut for the kitehcn during February and the early part of March store plants for planting out in spring mnst be let alone for the present. If any likelihood of requiring early snpplies of summer cabbage, sow now a few of the earlj hearting kinds in boxes 01' pans, and start in a gentle heat. At the end of February these will have to be pricked out into a sheltered be1 out of doors, or, better 8till, into a bed over which a frame can be placed for a few weeks, to help them un and protect fronI frost. Cauliilou-evs.—Sow in pans or shaHow boxes, and treat as advised for cabbage, remembering that these are more fonder in constitution, and will require a little more nursing. Lettlla.-Sow a pinch both of CaDbage and Cos varieties in boxes, as advisell for cablJage and cauliflower. Peas and Beans pushing through the ground need some pro- teetiun buth against frost and vermin. If the weather is mild and open, sprinkle them slightly with soot, or plentifully with wood-ashes. This will keep oft slugs and snails, which, if they wake at all now, are sure to search out the peas and beans. If the weather is cold, and likely to be severe, strew over them any light, dry, warm material that may he handy, such as chutr, waste hay, or even dry tine earth. In places exposed to the wind, branches of spruce thrust in aslant so as to overhang the rows will be of considerable service, and may save many a prou1Ísing piece of plant from destruction. Potatoes of early kinds that have made short, hard, purple sprouts llIay be at once planted in a frame or pit for securing an early crop. To force potatoes it is only necessary to have I; gentle bottom-heat from a large mass of fermenting material, such as newly-gathered leaves, a bed of light rich earth contalllllJg a good proportion (If leaf-mould alld charred rubbish, and some old frames Rnd lights. Of course they must neyer be exposed to frost or excessive wet, and,.as SOOlIllS the season is sufficiently advanced, they must have as much light amI air as can be given with safety. It is most important to protect the roots from the steam of fer- menting dUJlg, aud fur that reason leaves are preferable, besides beilJ¡;( more steady and retauung their heat for a con- siderable period. FLOWER GARDEN. Pœn8be8 for exhibition will have to be repotted shortly, and it will be well to prepare for the operation by providing a suitable compost. The Pansy never thrives in a heavy soil; in all the pLaces where they master thIS flower they use a sandy loam, to. which is added a good proportion of leaf-mould and some thoroughly-decayed hothed manure. Let the mixtnre lay up for some time beíore using, as its qua t- ties will thereby hecome blended. As a recipe for It compost for pot Pansies may be useful to beginners, we advise that it consist ùf light hazel loam two parts, decayed turf lrom pasture-land or very sweet leaf-mould one part, two-year- old cucumber-bed manure one part, sharp saud one part. TtÛip8 pushing through will need some protection to pre- vent injury by frost. Light soil heaped in cones over the plants will suffice better still, cones of cocoa-fibre refuse. Puses to he planted as soon as possible. In light soils standards will thrive better if some clay is dug in with the manure. Roses on their. own roots necd It lighter soil than briars. Roses will never thrive unless the ground is effectu- aUy drained, deeply stirred, and liberally manured. Dahliat may be started in a gentle heat for cuttings. The simlJlest way is to lay the tubers on the wil over a tank in a propagating house, or on It bed of warm hops or dung, and when the shoots are two inches 10nK take them off and strike them. HolhihocTtx in cutting pots to have- a shift to 43-sized POti, and the soil to be chlefiy loam. Keep them in the green- house or warm pit for a week after shifting, then they may go to a cold frame. Strong plants in pots may be planted out. Herbaceous Calceolarias are one of the most gorgeous of all the herbaceous plants we possess for the decomtion of the conservatory amI greenhouse during summer, and to do justice to them they should never be put out in the open air. Plants in stole pots to be shifted, and the compost to be chiefly turfy loam, with not more than a fourth part of peat ami leaf-mould added. EqJe1"Íeuce hM taught us that a firm soil containing plenty of fibre causes them to throw finer trusses, and be less subject to red-spider, than when peat is largely used. lt is a good precaution against the possibility of damping at the collar to use a very sandy mix- ture at the top of the pots, about an ingh in depth. Annuaù to be sown in plenty for early bloom. There are a few choice kinds which should be grown to bloom in large paus or in pots for the drawing-room, such aSXemo- phila in8ignis, Fenzlia dianthlflora, Iberis kermesina, Gypso- phylla lJlurali8, Silene armeria, Mignonette, &c" itc. Sow also in beds awl borders any of the Californian kinds. HaLf- hardy annuals should be sown now in heat, such as Thun. bergia, Soliizanthus, Phlox Drummoudi, Balsams, Datura Wrighti, Eccremocarpus scaber, Ten-week Stock, Cockscomb, Celosia pyramidalis. It is a waste of seed and labour to sow Asters at this early season. Evergreen Shrubs should not be transplanted or in any way disturbed for a few weeks hence. After December we prefer not to move them till between March and May, as the ground is now 80 cold that they cannot make nelv roots in it. Layering of hardy shrubs may be practised now for in- crease of stock, and to furnish the lower parts of specimens on lawns in cases where they have become unsightly through the loss of wood at the bottoir. The operation is a very simple one. Draw down a suitable branch and peg it to the ground, to mark where the tongue should he cut. Then enter the knife on the under side and make an incision half throngh the wood, and turn the knife towards the top of the shoot, Illld cut a slit an inch or an inch and a half long. Re- move It little of the soil, and peg the hranch down with a bit of tile or pebble inserted in the cut to keep the tongue open, and peg it down firm, and cover the tongue with an inch ur two of soil. If the cut closes, it will probably heal; if the cut rem<1.ins open, it will in the course of the summer emit roots, and may either be left to throw up new growth to in- crease the balk of the specimen, or be removed to form an independeut plant. FRUIT GARDEN AND FORCING AND ORCHARD HOUSES. Cherries in the forcing house must be managed with grea care, or the flower-buds will fall wholesale. Keep a genial and regular temperature of about 45 degs., letting it down to 40 dcgs. at uight, and after they haye made a start raise the heat to 55 degs., which will suit them admira1.Jly for flowering. Let the atmosphere be rather moist at first, but drier when the flowers begin to open. Strawberries require as much air and sun as possible as soon as the fruit begins to colour. t-se no more heat than needful to keep tliem in free healthy growth, or the crop wíl1 be worthless thIS fruit cannot, in fact, be hurried. Usually a bottom-lieat of 75 degs. is advised, but from long observa- tion we have hecome convinced that 65 degs. is far better, becau; e we not only want fruit, but we waut it with colour and flavour, which we caunot have with hard forcing. A plunge-bed of G5 degs., and the air of the house 5) degs. to 60 degs., the latter of course with sun-heat, will be suitable temperatures. Feed them well with liquid manure alter the first few fruits are set; but beware of making them tOQ wet at the root, which will be injurious. Peaches and other trees in 1Iower may be greatly helped hy shaking the trellis, or whisking a light hrush ove. tlipni, to disperse the pollen. Any rough play with the trees wIll do more harm than good, but. any slight agitation, such as a stiff breeze on a sunny day would produce, wíl1 assIst mate- rially in setting the fruit. Vines not yet pruned must be pruned without delay, or the usual result of late pruning-that is to say, bleedillg- will follow, and this will injure the vines immensely. Vines started will require care during changeable weather to pre- vent injury to the young leave8by frost or fire, and especially to guard against too high a night temperature. All shoots not required for wood, and on which no fruit appears at the proper time, to he removed as soon as possible and in cases where fruitful shoots are much crowded some must be re- moved—as, for example, it is not well to allow two shoots at one joint, or a cluster of shoots where there is a bend in the leader, as it is quite common for extravagant growths to take place at such points. Fruit-trees will soon be OIl the move, and every delay now in planting and pruning will be injurious. Let any arrears of this work take precedence of every other. Wall Tree" may now be pruned and nailed in. Use shreds as small as possible, and prepare the nails by making them rect-hJt and throwing them into oil. GREENHOUSE AND CONSERVATORY. Greenhouse must have ventilation, or mildew and damping will prevail, an dmany plants pushing their flowers will cast them unopened. But to give air there must be gentle fire, so for the next few weeks keep the fire going steadily whether the tpmperature he mild or severe in the case of mild weather give plenty of air, and have a look round to see if any plants are suffering bv want of water. lie careful not to maintain too high a night temperature, as that Is most mischievous, and is the common failing everywhere, espe- cially in small gardens.
ROGER CHARLES TICHBORNE'S…
ROGER CHARLES TICHBORNE'S WILL. The will of Roger Charles Tichborne, Esq., of her Majesty s fith Regiment of Dragoon Guards, now (1852) stationed at Southampton, darted June 16, 1852, and who is stated officially, at the foot thereof, to have died on or about April 2f>, 1S54, was proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, on July 17,1855, by the jointacting executors, Vinoent Gosford, of Cheri- top, Southampton, and Edward Slaughter, of Duchess- street, Portland-place, London, gentleman. The testa- tor's signature is written at full length at the foot of the last page, the will being written on 30 sheets of brief, containing 150 Chancery folios. The same was duly executed in the presence of the attesting wit- nesses, Charles Slaughter, 56. Sydney-street, Brompton, gentleman, and Jameo Gibbs, his clerk. The will commences with reference to indentures, dated May 8 and 10, 1850, executed by the testator shortly after his coming of age, whereas he became seized in fee simple and absolutely of certain estates described as the Doughty estates, situated in the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, Lincoln, and Bucks, and the Upton estate, in Dorsetshire, subject and without prejudice to the sucoessive life interests therein of his uncle, Sir Edward Doughty, Baronet, and his father, James Francis Tichborne, and to various charges, one of £10,000, another of £100,000, and other incumbrances and portions, as well as to the Upton estate with the sum of £13,700, for which he (the testa- tor) was personally liable. The testator was also seized as to the ultimate remainder in fee simple expectant on the deceases of his said uncle and father in certain estates, including freeholds at Hawley, West Tisted, and Wliitears, andthe farms of Old Court, Burfields, and Speering. The charge of £100,000 on the Doughty estate is stated to have been made to free the Tich- borne estates, in which the testator had a life interest; the residue from the £100,000 after the pay- ment of such charges, he directs to be laid out in the purchase of other estates. By virtue of the same in- dentures his brother, Alfred Joseph Tichborne, is to have the power of appointing in favour of his wife a jointure of £800 a year, and a sum of £12,000 for their younger children. After the decease of his uncle, Sir Edward, and his father, the furniture and effects at Tichbome House were to be the property of the testator absolutely. He de- vises all his estates to trustees, upon trust after his decease to permit his cousin, Catherine Doughty, so long as she shall remain single, to occupy Upton House and that his trustees are to pay £:;00 a-yea.r to the guardians of his brother Alfred (then 13), and, when of age, to pay to his said brother £ 2,000 a-year, and, if married, £ 3,000 a-year for his life and, should his wife survive him to pay ,£1,000 a year for her life, to be paid in full and free of duty. The estates are not at any time to be subject or liable to the payment of money for portions exceeding in the whole £45,000. The testator leaves the Doughty estates, after paying encumbrances, to his brother, Alfred Joseph Tich- borne, for his life and after his brother's decease, as to such estates as are in Middlesex, he leaves them to the eldest son of his said brother and such estates as are in Lincoln, Bucks, and Dorset, he leaves to the second son of his said brother. The person in possession of the Doughty Estates (other than his brother Alfred) shall assume and bear the surnameand arms of "Doughty" only, ill exclusion of any other surname and arms, to be obtained by Royai licence. He devises and bequeaths the remainder in fee simple, by virtue of the before-mentiened indentures, and the surplus residue from the £100,000, after satisfy- ing charges, to the use of his cousin, James Dormer, second son of Elizabeth Anne, wife of Joseph Thaddeus Lord Dormer, and the heirs male of the said James Dormer, and that the person in possession of these estates shall take and use the surname of Tich- borne only. The residue of the personal estate after payment of debts and legacies, he leaves to his brother Alfred Joseph Tichborne, absolutely, and also devises to him all the real estate not by him specifically dis- posed of. He bequeaths to each of his executors a legacy of £ 500 (free), and states that it shall be lawful for the executors or trustees of his personal estate to settle, compromise, or compound, as they shall think fit, any transactions which, at the time of his decease shall be depending or in dispute between him and any other person, or which may after his decease be subsisting in like manner, and to take any composition for debts owing to him and as his executors, being respectively a solicitor and land agent, they shall be entitled to undertake any professional business for his estates, or for the purposes of his will, and shall receive the usual charges, emoluments, and compensation for so doing.— Illustrated London News.
EPITOME OF NEWS,
EPITOME OF NEWS, BRITISH AND FOREIGN. Another twopence in the income-tax is predicted instead of a reduction of that amount. The Chancellor of the Exchequer acknowledges the receipt of ns. nd. from "S..I.> 3S "C0nscience M olley." Mrs. Laura V. Fair, under sentence of death in San Francisco for the murder of Judge Crittenden, died in ga010n the 30th December. The Constantinople correspondent of The Times says the Sultan has telegraphed tD Queen Victoria his COIl- gratulations upon the recovery of the Prince of Wales. A rumour is current in the Isle of Wight that the Prince of Wales has been ordered to the South Coast, and Y l,ntnor is mentioned as his prohable residence. The Empress of the French lias presented Mr. Strode, who is the owner of Camden-place, Chislehurst with a mag- nificent gold snuff-box, inlaid with brilliants, with her miniature painted thereon. The newest style of dressing the hair in New York is the" Alcxis twist." A puff is worn very high ell thc head, surrounded by a twist of hair to imitate a cable-rope, and ia ornamented on one side by a large gilt anchor. On Friday Mr. James Gamell, for nearly 30 years Jihrarian of St. George's II ospital, dropped down dead while waiting for an omnibns in the Commercial-road, J,ondoll. He was 60 years of age. According to the Registrar-General's returns the mortality in Liverpool last week was at the rate of 30 per 1,000 annually, being 1 per 1,000 above the aggregate rate for the twenty-one leading cities and towns of the kingdom. The rate at Wolverhampton was highest, being 49 per 1,000 it was lowest at Bristol, namely, 24 per 1,000. A woman who went into a photographic establish- ment, the other day, to have a picture of her baby taken, gave the child a preliminary spanking, in order, tis she said, to bring a healthy bloom into its cheeks, so it would make a pretty picture." The death is announced at Colchester of a Trafalgar veteran named Isaac Pooley. Pooley, who was 87 years of age when he wa, removed by death, fought at the battles of Trafalgar and the Nile, and he was on board the Victory when Lord Xelson received his mortal wound. The veteran had long enjoyed a pension from the State. When the den of lions in Manders' menagerie was opened for public exhibition at Preston on Friday even- ng, one of the lions was found dead at the bottom of the cage. It had been stabbed more than once at the time of the horrible accident to the lion-tamer Massarti. Mortifi- cation of the wounded parts set in, and the death of the animal has been dally expected. It was 8 full grown ani- mal, seven years of age. At the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh, the Lord Justice Clerk and Lord Deas presiding, Alexander Whitecross, City Uuide, Edinburgh, has been charged with the murder of his son in November last, by stabbing him in the abdomen with a knife, in consequence of which he died four days afterwards, The prisoner pleaded" K ot Guilty." After evidence was adduced, the jury returned a verdict, unanimously finding him Guilty of culpable homicide, lie was sentenced to 15 years' penal servitude. The Rev. Canon Moseley, aged 73 years, died on Saturday morning after a fortnight's illness. He had been connected with Bristol Cathedral nearly twenty yenrp, the canonry having been given him in 13Mas a reward for his services as one of the earlie&t school inspectors. He graduated at Cambridge, where he was seventh wrangler, in 1,,20. The vicarage is worth £ 805 a year, with house, and is in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Bristol. The canonry Is in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor. I jord Hartington has replied to a letter complaining of the attacks made 11" the English press, addre8sell to him hy liobert Kelly, now awaiting trial for shooting at one of the policemen who arrested him on the night of Talbot's murder. Lord Hartington says that the English law advisers have been consulted on the subject that they do not think prosecutions ought to be instituted but that, should articles calculated to interfere with the ends of justice be published during the coming trial, the Government is prepared to vindicate the law. A venerable Madagascar Chief has made a wonder- ful discovery. What," he asked his fellow-countrymen, do the Yagah (Europeans) want with our india-rubber? Why, to make big ships When they have got plenty they will make great india-rubber ships, and come to Madagascar to take it, and when our soldiers at Tamataye fire guns at them, the balls will strike the rubber ships, and rebound and kill our own men- We are fools to sell t,hem the rub- her; and this, I say to you all, don't do." An application on behalf of Captain Firebrace to the Court of Divorce made on Saturday, in the case of "Fire brace Y. Firebrace, itc. for a new trial, was refused. The full Court was of opinion that the question of the credibility of the witnesses having been left by Lord I'cnzanoe to the Jury, it was not competent to overide that decision. On the application of Dr. Deane, the applicant was allowed time to consider the question of an appeal to the House of Lords. A Yankee paper says :—" During the Grand Duke's "isit to this city, he called at the Courier ottice md renewed his father's subscription. The Czar is one of onr ol,:est suh- scrihcl's ;he always pays in advance), alltl the Duk" expressed himself as highly pleased with the acconnt of tile lievcre House banquet published in our colums, remarking that the report of his speech was in gratifying contrast to the culpably garhled version which appeared in the columns of a. COll- temporary." This is rich, and in the truc transatlantic vein. Tne Board of Trade have awarded a gold watch and chain to Captain P. Sabatier, of the French ship Omer ct Julie, in acknowledgment (If his humanity and kindness to the first offioer and seven seamen of the ship Taeping, of Glasgow, whom he picked up at seaon the 2nth nï Reptem her. The Taeping was lost on the Ladd's reef in the China Sea, on the Aith of September, being then bound from Amov to New York with a cargo of tea The crew left her in tiJree boats. The master, with his boat's crew, arrived at Raigon 011 the 15tli Octo her; the second officer and his crew were picked up by the Serica; and the first officer and his crew were picked up by the Omer efJulis on the 29th September. Captain Sabatier treated them with the greatest kindness, and although he subsisted them for 50 days on board his vessel he refused to accept any repayment of expenses. An important and influential meeting, the Lord Mayor in the chair, was held in London, on Monday, at the Mansion House, to consider the complaints made by trades- men, that the Exhibition of 1872 under the proposed regula- tions will he nothing but a gigantic bazaar. One oftheresolu tions was, That the scheme of the lloyal Commissioners is entirely subversive of the original design of international exhibitions as proposed by the lamented Prince Ccnsort, viz., the improvement of public taste and the promotion of art in manufactures;' and is inimical to the interests of, and unjust to the community at larce." This and other resolutions denouncing the scheme" were unanimously carried and a committee was appointed to prepare an ad- dress to the Queen, as well as petitions to Parliament, and to take all other available meansiif opposing the objection- able arrangements. Mr. George Cruikshank has in preparation an Autobiography. The following question is now being discussed before the London Sucking Barrister's Debating Society Can a big man ache harder than a little one ?" The Great Northern Railway servants have agreed to the concessions recently made by the directors, and have passed a resolution of thanks to the Board. The Worcestershire Chamber of Agriculture have passed a resolution expressing their opinion that a mode- rate and equitable system of tenant-right should be estab- lished in this country. TheA«r«? and Military Gazette hears that several naval officers have volunteered to conduct the expedition about to be organized by the Royal Geographical Society to proceed in search of Dr. Livingstone. A railway battalion has been formed in Germany to construct and work railways in time of war. In order to facilitate the training of these men it is said that some short lines will probably be purchased by the Government. The Women's Rights Association may be quite certain that we all admit that men are sup. rior to women as men and that women are immeasurably superior to men, as women; while both of them together are more than a match for either of them separately. Sir Albert Woods, Garter Principal King of Arms arrived at Windsor Castle on Monday morning, and placed the banner and regalia of the Emperor of Brazil, over the Sovereigns' stalls of the Knights of the Garter in St. George's Chapel. Letters from Constantinople of the 3d inst. give the welcome intelligence that durmg the month of December the cholera cases had gradually decreased from 50 to only two cases per diem, indicating the almost total cessation of the disease. A meeting of Volunteer Commanding Officers was held in London, on Saturday, at the rooms of the National Ritle Association, when resolutions were passed recognizing the value of the Easter Monday field-days, and by a large majority Brighton was selected as the plaoe for this year's gathering. The directors of the Crystal Palace Company have fixed the 1st of May for a grand National Festival in cele- bration of the recovery of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and have commissioned Mr. Arthur Sullivan to com- pose a Te Deum, for voices and orchestra, to be performed on the largest scale in the centre transept on that day. Mr. Armistead, one of the members for Dundee, has presented £5,600 to be expended in providing two club- houses for the working men. Several gentlemen are to be appointed trustees, but it is intended to leave the working men who bscome members to make the arrangements of the institution themselves. The small-pox epidemic continues without abatement at Plymouth. During the week ending the 19th inst. therewere 98 cases reported, and 10 deaths, and on the previous week 87 cases and 11 deaths. Although the epidemic has pre- vailed but a short period, there have been 91 deaths regis- tered as having occurred frem the disease in that town. The Court of Trauenstein, in Bavaria, in pro- nouncing judgment in an action for libel brought by an excommunicated clergyman, named Bernard, has decided «i ^J tlie-excommuiiication has no legal consequences, and that the offence is to be punished as if the clergyman still enjoyed the full exercise of his functions. The Rangoon lIfail says that on the night of the 12th December an earthquake, which lasted about ten seconds, was felt at Prome. The wave appeared to travel from north-east to south-west. The shocks were stated to be severe, and followed in quick succession, blit no damage is reported in the town. The earthquake occurred on the night of the new moon. A letter received from Henzadah states that an earthquake was felt there the same nignt. Sir Dominic Corrigan has proposed in a letter to the Dublin papers that patients suffering under small-pox should be conveyed thiough the streets of that city on shallow baskets or cots six feet long, resting on poles on men's shoulders. No suggestion." says the Irnh Tiines, was ever made so well calculated to drive from the city of Dublin everyone who could leave it." A Russian correspondent of the Indtpcndance Beige states that the Emperor of Russia lately escaped from great danger by his own sangfroid and presence of mind. His Majesty was attacked by a bear during a bear liudt, and his life was in great peril until he succeeded in shooting the dangerous animal. The Emperor of Austria warmly con- gratulated the Czar by telegraph on his escape and the courage which he had displayed in freeing himself from the danger which beset him. The Swiss Times learns on reliable authority that there is a great division of opinion among the Internationals, and to judge from all appearances the time is not far distant when tbey will be resolved into two parties—one for "guerre a outrance" against all capital, the other for bring- ing as great a pressure as possible to bear upon it by the means of legitimate strikes and other legal measures. It is stated that the date of the-Thanksgiving service at St. Paul's Cathedral, at which her Majesty will attend, will be fixed as soon as it can be ascertained when the necessary fittings can be erected. The Dean of St. Paul's ha ) an interview on Monday with the Lord Chamberlain on the subject. The choir of the cathedral Is now closed, and the Mooring is being raised one foot throughout. A valuable seam of coal has been discovered on the estate of the Duke of Devonshire, by the Wingerwortli Col- liery Co rpany, while sinking a new shaft near Chesterfield. The sinkers found the bed at a depth of 450 yards from the surface. The pit, which is the deepest in Derbyshire, will be worked by the above-named company, under the style and title of the llardwick T'olliery Company. The coal in qua- lity and quantity quite fulfils the expectations of the directors. Powerful machinery, constructed on the best principles, and embracing modern improvements, is being laid down for the purpose of working the mine. Very quietly there is going on in London what may be called an exposition of spiritualism. There has arrived in this country from America a .Miss Kate Fox. of Boston who belongs to a family in the house of which the earliest manifestations of spiritualism in the Tnited States were developed. She has come on a propagandist mission in the cause of spiritualism, and she has been holding stances in the houses of several persons of station. These have been at- tended by several men of science, and it is said that they have accepted the fact of the phenomena which they have witnessed, though without giving any opinion as to their causes. The proceedings have been carefully watched. The death of M. Arles-Dufour is announced. Few living Frenchmen were better known in England, especially among commercial men, and the regret at his death which will be felt in France will be shared in this country by very many. M. Jean-Bartht-lemy-Arles was born at Lyons in 1805, and was consequently sixty-seven years of age. He assumed the name of Dufour on his marriage with a lady or that name, belonging to a well-known mercantile family at Lyons. M. Arlls-Diifoiir was attached to the juries at the International Exhibitions of Paris and London in 1S49, 1S51, and 1855. He received the decoration of the Legion of Honour in 1837, was made officer of the order in 1854, and commander in 18TO. It need hardly be added that the deceased gentleman was an ardent supporter of free trade and of the English alliance. The case of Milne r. Milne and Fowler has been again before the Divorce Court. It will be remembered that on a petition by Mr. Millie, subsequent to his obtaining a decree for a divorce, Lord Penzance made an order that the respondent should pay out of the money settled upon her the sum of 4,500 a year for the benefit of Mr. Milne and her children by him. Au appeal by respondent against that decision was now heard. Sir John Karslake, on behalf of the respondent, contended that the Court had no power to make such an order. In the course of the argument a letter from Mrs. Milne was produced, in which she stated that she was quite willing to obey the order of the Court if she could, and was desirous to deal liberally with her late husband.' OR this, at the suggestion of the Court, it was arranged that the case should stand as it now did, leaving it in the option of the parties to come before the Court again. On Monday, at Bow-street police-court, at the re- quest of Sir Thomas Henry, the magistrate, Superintendent hccles attended the Court with Police-constable Dean, who had recently distinguished himself by an act of bravery It appeared that he witnessed the escape of a lunatic from the Hanwell Asylum, and pursued him for three hours across the country. The madman stopped on the towing-path of the Grand Junction Canal at Greenford. and threatened to" drown the constable. Suiting the action to the words, he flewat the officer, and. seizing him in his arms, jumped with him into the water, and, in all probability, they would have been drowned had it not been for the timely assistance of a bargeman, who jumped into the water and succeeded in rescuing them. Sir Thomas Henry spoke very highly of the courage displayed by the constable, and presented him with £5 from the Police Reward Fund at the disposal of the magistrates of that court.
THE TICHBORNE CASE.
THE TICHBORNE CASE. ». When the Attorney-General resumed his speech 011 Friday, he refelTc(1 Itt length to the history of the claimant's visit to Wapping immediately upon his arrival in this eountrj7 from Australia. Hespokeof thedisguises Avhich the plamt1Í! adopted on that occasion, and asked why, if the man was Hoger Tichborne, should fiuch. secrecy and decepbon have been practi:ed? Agam, .when he assumed the name of Stevens, what made hIm represent a photograph of his own wife and child as those^of Arthur Orton? Why did he not go at once to Lady 1 iciiborne, or to the Seymours, or to some other m'ar C01111ectinn (If the family ? Once mOT-e, when he to Alresford, under the llame of Taylor, was fH t'le real Roger Tichborne would have muttlea hin!fie]f Ttpj an(i induced some one to drive round i ichborne-paik in disguise ? The learned gen- tleman real] several letters of Hoger to Go¡;ford, to show the difference in style between them and the eor- respondence of the clai!ll0-nt. I.Ie afterwards analysed the testimony of J\1 r. Baigent on several points of Im- }Jortance, and spoke of many of the incidents surround- ing the identity of the claimant by the Dowager Lady aichborne as being of a very unsatisf ac tory character.
[No title]
On Monday morning the 1\ Homey-General resumed his Speech for the defence. He hegan hy repcating some obser- vations which he had made 0I1 a former occasion rEspecting the origin of the plaintiff's claim. He said he did not wish to charge the whole of lllc witnesses in the ca*e with haying entered intu a conspiracy such as we sometimes read of III novels, hut neyer met with either in public or private hfe. He did not mean to say a number of persons with blackened faces and dark lanterns had met round a table and determined to ham] together to set up a false heir to a large estate. What he dill say with regard to this imposture might be put in the words oÏ Topsy in Uncle Tom's Cabin," 'spects it The claimant, aided hy two or three persolls at first, had heen ahle to get np the whole of the affair, allll then together they hael succeeded in con- vincing a number of respectahle people that the man was what he represented himself to he. It was astonish- ing on what slender grounds most 0f the witnesses in tItis case hud besn convinced. With the excefltion of Lady Tichborne, oIlly two gentlemen of any importance in Eug- lan<1-lr. Hopkins and :Mr. Baigent-s<1id from the tlrst they recognised Roger Tichborne In tile person of the claimant, "and it was upon their authority that the case had Treen fairly launched in this country. Mr. Hopkins was Jooked upon as an astute ohl lawyer, and llr. Baigent was II. deTer arcbwologist, and when two 8uch people supported a morbid-minded old lady in saying that the clllimant was her long lost son, no doubt many other persolls were materially influenced in their judgment. 1.11'. Hopkins asked the claimant to write a letter which should mention some circumstance8 r known 0.1 ly to the two of thou. The claimant wrote baek a most Iicliculüns Jetter, in whleh the onJy fact referred to was the love atrair of a Miss Bellew in Pans, with which the public were well acquainted. Aw] yet it was upon all ahsurd letter like tl);8 thl1t Mr. Hopkins grounded his reepg- nition of the claimant. Air. Baigent said ho recognized the French accent of RogerTichborne in the talk of the claimant. Well, the jmy Lad heanl the claimant in the witness-box, and they", "nlcl "iY whether he hall any French accent or not. A test interview was arranged, at which the claim- ant, :Mr. HOl,kins, amI Mr. Baigent were present, but on that occasion the claimant was never asked one word about the circumstances under which the Bella was lost and he was landed at Melbourne, aud he knew nothing of the relations of the Tichborne family. He did know, indeed, something of the Tichborne property, but it 13 (Iuite clear that he had obtained all his ilJformation on the subject frum 2\11'. Holmes, his attorney, wl10 had made himself acquainted with all tl1e affidavits which had been tiled in certain Chaueery snits con- cerning the Tichhnrne property, so that it amounted to this, that the cbimant at this test interview was unable to tell anything a hunt his alleged family and relations, and what he knew ah01:t their property was due to what l1ad been toltl him hy his own attorney. Some curious mistakes were made hy the elaimant in regard to these Chancery deeds, sho ,dng" that while he had got a little knowledge of them, he had not mastered their details, or under- stood their real purport. The Attorney-General showed this hy rcading munerous extracts from tl1e deeds and con- trasting tl1ese with the alhWerS the claimant had malle to Sir. llopklllS and Mr. 1! ngent at the interview referred to. For instance, in 1856, Sir J,1111es Tichhorne raised a sum of £ 50,000 to pay on certain liabilities. Now this was two years after the wreck of the Rella, and while Roger Tichborne, if 11c was not lost in that vessel, was in Australia. It was clear, therefore, he could not l1ave known the circumstances of the transaction. Yet the claimant knew all ahout the business which showed tn demonstration that he must have güt his information from his attorney or examined the Chancery deeds himself. The foreman 0f the jury desired to know how it was that these deed3 were so ayailahle to the public. The Attorney-General said the deeds were partof the public proceedings of the Cuurt of Chancery, and were connected with suits which had been carried on there. There was, 1herefore, not the sIJghtest difticuHy in any one making himself ac juainted with them. The Attorney-Gencral proceeded to sav that the things hy which Mr. Baigent .'aid 1\Jr. Hopkins recognised the plaintiff were the test fetter, in which there really was nothing at all, upon a conversation which was tmus- parently insufficient, and a recolledion of the contents of decus, which was false and ignorant from beginning to eneT. On the Sunday after this interview, MI:. Baigent went to church, and saw Mrs. Colonel Grcemvood there, who saill thew should he glad to see the plaintiff if he were the real" person, but not if he were an impostor. Colonel and Mrs. Greenwood would 11(' ca1led hefore them. Mr. Baigent wanted the plaintiff to go to Mrs. Greenwood, but he said in his famous Jetter to his "Dear Cousing Kate" that he had a headache awl could not go. It also was re- markable that it 3ppea l'ed upon the evidence that 38 the pJaiutiff got away from Manchester and towards London his headache got better. Tholl they had a number of let ters signed "R. C. D. Tichborne, J:art. hut no true baronet that ever he haol known pm; Bart. after his signa- ture (a laugh). It appeared that Dowager had been in the hahit of carefully keeping everything that l1ad belonged to or was connected with E-oger amI he asked the jury to infer th3t during the ten days that tlw plaintiff was with her in Paris he maric himself acquainted with the letters, the handwriting, and probably the diaries oÏ Roger. He thought also that they would believe that the plaintiff had there seen many more documents than had been produced in court. When the plllintiff went to Tichborne Honse he was shown a picture of the Dowager, and he turned pale, and oijrik into a oluiir, according to Colonel Lushington's evidence, It appeared, however, that the plaintW had previous to thi" studied a catalogne of the pictures, aild It was the onJy large picture iI, the room- lie, it was said, also seemed to recognise the rooms; bl1tthose were the very rooms into which Bogle had heen, amI he had pro- bably told the plaintiff all alwnt it. There was then the skin of the cock pheasant which the plaintiff said hc'1I<\(1 sent home from South America. The defendant's allYiscrs went [,0 Mr. Ward, a very intelligent person, who stuffed hirtlsfor the Royal Family, and then found that thdr friends on the othe1' side had beell there before them. (A laugh.) They alw found that the bird which the plaintiH had represented as a foreign bird shot amlsldlmcd hy llim, )11'. "Yard had tol,1 the plaintiff's friends W3S undoubtedly an bird awl skinned by an English cook. (Laughter.) They had been to another expert in such matters, i\lr. Geuld, who would say that he would eat Us hand if it were not an English bird skinned by an English cook. (Laughter). It wou}cl, further appear that there were no cock pheasants in,.Clnh from whence the plaintiff li;;f! said he sent It- Notwithstanding an this the plaintiff had trumped up a story ahout the pheasant, unci tried t;0 deceive coloncl LuslnlJgton about It. This story ahout the foreign hinl sent home had done duty fortllC 1 liintiff all over the county of Hampshire, and now thèy had seell what it amounted to. Then there was the 8tory of the miniatures in the plaintiff's room at Ticlibornc, and the plaintiff having been told by Baigent tl1at they had gold backs went down to smoke with Colonel Lushlngton and Mr. Guildford Onslow, allel during a con- versation on the miniatures said that they had g-old hacks, which turned out to be so when they were cut from the frame. This was at once pronounced to'be a wonderful thing, all showing the plaintiffs knowledge, aud the plaintiff never said a word ahout how he got his infurmation until Raigent was ohliged to tell the truth in the witness box, and thus the whole story was shown to be worthless. The plaintiff ;in writing to the dowager, said not a word about his recognising her picture at Tichborne, probably he- cause she had told him of its hein! there. Soon after the nlaintiff had an interview with Mr. Henry Seymour, who flad with ldm Burdon, the old servant, and some old Jetters of Sir James Tichborne. lie did not know his pretended father's writing until hc saw the signature..Moreoyer, Bur- don, the butler, who was much younger than .Mr. Nangle, Roger's uncle, was a per80n whom Roger well knew; yet all through the conversation the plnintiff miRtook Burdon, the butler, for Nangle, and addressed him by that name. The plaintiff said that the butler was dressed up to deceive him, hut sueh was not the fact, and 3Ir. Xangle was an cn- tirely different-looking person from Burdon. Moreover, in writing to the dowager of this inteniew he spolt Seymour, which the real Sir Roller surely could nut have done. Sir. Seymour told the plaintiff what he thought of him, but said he should be happy to have another inter- view with him if he desired it. An appointment was made, ùut the plaintiff did not again face :\t:r. Seymour. Un the 18th February, 1867, there appeared the most im- portant witness-Carter-upon the scene. Before referring in detail to this witness, he would just say in reference to the marks 11pon the body, that Roger had marks. awl the nlaintiff had marks, and, speaking generally the marks Roger had. the plaintjff bel not, anil the marks the plaintiff had Roger had not. Carter haelIns tlrst interview wIth the plam- tiff' on the 26th February, and previous to that time Baigent could not say that he had enr heard the plaiutiff mcntion any person connected with the regiment. Previous to this he had only saiel that he had enlisted as a common soldier, had been there 13 days, and had heen bought off hy his father. Carter had heen servant, not only to Roger, Imt to two other officers. One of them was Captain :1 orton, noger's most intimate friend, amI the other was Captain Pinckney. Captain Morton was dead; Captain Pinckney the plaintiff would not call, thongh they called the captain's clerical brother, who dined twice at the mess with Roger. Carter woulel know not only much of the life of the regiment, Imt also ahout yarIOuS families that Rog-er visited in 1relancI. Carter knew almost all the inctdents which had heen used with such effect in converting the different witnesses and he might, if hc liked, have communicated them to the plaintiff. Further, It appeare;1 that no military man was admitted to see the plaintiff without a spedal appointment, HO tlJat the plaintiff would know wl10 was coming anù could he prepared by Carter with scraps of JIlformatlOn with which he could astonish each particular witness as he appeared be- fore him.. On the 3rd March McCann was sent for by direction of Mr. Uolmes, Iln.1 though he was for sometime unsatisfied, yet he rcmaineù in the plaintiíf"s sen1ce to do, as he said, no- thing at all. The only real object in hanng McCann III the house was that he might give information III reference to the regiment. McCann had been servant to Roger lIchborl.1e, and he recoJlectrd Illany of the cireumsfanccs connected with the regimellt which were afterwards used by the plaintiff to convert various military witnesses. It was some time be- fore the plaintiff could make up his mind to face any officer, but ultimately he succeeded in converting three or four of them. Against their testimony he (the Attorney-General) them. Against their testimony he (the Attorney-General) would call 15 or 16 other officers, who would give their opinion that the plaintiff's story was altogether trumped IIp. At four o'clock the Court again adjourned.
REPAIRS AFTER THE WAR.
REPAIRS AFTER THE WAR. The \'Í!;JJ1l3 Prase has received thc foJlowiJlg from T1cr- lin ;— "The re-f,st;1 hlishment.of the.German army may be c0113idered, ia all CSècntwJ pomt", complete. Ten montha had sufficed to replace what a seven months' War had consumed. Thc uiufoinis of the suldiers had suffered so severeJyin the fatigues 0\ the campaign that new ones had to be forwarded to 11 ranee before there was any prospect of concluding peace. Mantles, tunics, pantaloons, boots, helmets—everything had to be reo newed. 1'he military eqnipacre had no less suffered. 1'he transport waggon2, newo at the opemng of the campaign, were mere wrecks. It is cOlllputecl tllat about •>,000 waggons of every description followed the army, and H16 condition of most of them had become very bad. J he artillery, too, stood in need of a com- plete renovation. 1 he p1eces which had seen most; service weie fonnu Tn be quite worthless. The soldiers' knapsacks had held out very fairly, but required to be newly varnished, as well as the belts and Baddies. As to tile horses, those killed in battle were replaced tenfnJd 11Y the, animals captured from the enemy, so that thu; loss was easily repaired. The horses which haye returned troin 1' rance since the close cf the war are in capital condition the mildness ofthe climate has invigorated tlwm, anrt they have thriven on the excellent French oats. hen the army Was demobilised the horses Rolel 11y the Ç;cnnan military administration brought very lligh ¡¡nces, even higher than those paid for the animals at the time of the mobilisation of the troops. They haye been resold at an average price of ahout 200 thalers."
[No title]
The Emperor of Brazil has spent 4,600,000 francs ( £ 180,400) since he has been on his tour.
A SINGULAR CASE OF MISTAKEN…
A SINGULAR CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY. The Court-martial at Versailles on the twenty-three persons accused of murdering the Archbishop of Paris, and other hostages, at La Roquette prison, on the 24th of May, closed its proceedings on Monday. Before the trial was finished, however, an extraordinary in- cident occurred, which produced a change in the issue generally anticipated as regards one of the chief among those eoncerned in the atrocious crimo. A witness named Sicard was brought forward, suf- fering so severely fr0111 illness that he had to be placed in an armchair in front of the officers constituting the Court-martial. This person bore a remarkable likeness to the prisoner l'igerre, who stood accused of having commanded the tiring party, and who had been affirmed, by several of his companions in the dock and by other wit- nesses, to have been present on the 14th of May — although Genton on Thursday, while making his own confession of guilty connection with the crime, emphatically exonerated Pigerre, and declared that the firing party was lead, not by him, but by another man who resembled him. The likeness between Pigerre and Sicard is extraordinary, and their confrontation at once convinced the whole Court that Pigerre was inno- cent. Pigerrc's boldness is explained. He stood up and confronted each witness in the confidence of inno- cence, and must have felt each time the bitterness of death as he was again sworn to. Sicard's testimony was to the effect that he was at the prison on the day of the execution, though he took no part in it. He had read the order for the execution which Genton brought to La Roquette, but had pro- tested against such an act, and had written a letter of protest to Ferré. Genton took the letter to its desti- nation, and brought back an order to shoot six of the hostages, in revenge for the shooting of six Na- tional Guards by the Versailles soldiers. Sicard averred that he protested anew, going this time to Ferre himself, who told him to mind his own business. He then left the prison, before the execu- tion had taken place. Another witness, Garrault by name, denied Sicard's statement that he had quitted La Roquette, and declared that he had been present at the execution; but this in turn was denied by Sicard, who added the information that the firing party had been headed by a man called Nejay. Here, however, the prisoner Vattier, who had for- merly identified Pigerre as the commander of the pla- toon, admitted that his recognition had been a mistake, and that the really guilty man was Sicard. The effect of these conflicting assertions on the Court and the audience was very striking, and it seemed alm08t as if Sicard had arisen like a messenger from among the Communist dead to attest the innocence of Pigerre. The Judge-Advocate, in his final speech, seemed quite to admit the evidence of Sicard as showing that Pigerre's was a case of mistaken identity and he re- commended to mercy the mistress of Francois, the woman Grandel, who had been on the previous even- ing confined of a son. After deliberating for some time in private, the Judges pronounced sentence of death on Genton, who had acted as president of the mock court-martial before which the hostages were tried. Francois, the Governor of La Roquette under the Commune, was sentenced to the travel use forces for life Ramain, the chief warder of the prison, to the same punishment for ten years; Fortin for ten years and Picon for five. The two women, La Chaise and Grandel, were acquitted, as also were Vattier, Langbein, and Pigerre and the other accused were condemned simply to deportation.
THE PLEA OF CHRISTIANA EDMUNDS.
THE PLEA OF CHRISTIANA EDMUNDS. The British Medical Journal publishes the following statement by Mr. J. Heresford Ryley, surgeon of the metropolitan police, Woolwich district "One day last week T was requested by the solicitor for the defence of Miss Christiana Edmunds to visit her in New- gate prison, with the view of certifying, if possible, to her insanity. I was, unfortunately, unable to see her on the occasion of my first visit owing to the ahsence of the prison surgeon. I subsequently attended her trial, and was asked by the Sheriff to assist the .1:c matron ladies im- panelled te investigate her assertion of pregnancy. 1 need scarcely say that this solemn duty amI re- sponsibility enforced upon us impressed us deeply, and that we proceeded to our task with feelings of 110 ordinary gravity and seriousness. A Tery super- 1iebl examination of the unfortunate lady con- vinced me that the hope of reprieve from her dreadful doom tlHt she had inspircll within us all was utterly delusive. I asked her to save herself a1ld me the ùistress of a more minute scrntiny by retracting the statement she had maele, should it be false; but, as she still persisted therein, I was, of course, ohliged to make the usual stethoscopic examina- tion, amI with what fatal result to her is now weU known. It was then, when the last frail straw on which she leant abandoned her to her doom, that the full peril of her situa- tion dawned upon her for the first timc, and the awful as- pect of her despair Was very terrible to behol(1. The poor ladies who were her ullwi:Iing judges wept around her, while she, unhappy creature, looked from one to the other in mute, unspeakable woe. It would not be becoming in me to publish all she said to us, but I may mention that she asked, with a weary agony in her voice, "Oh, how shall I sleep to-night?" 1 recommended her to ask the prison surgeon for a chloral hydrate draught, and sincerely hoped within myself that she would find in him only a great healer of the body, but a tender and compassionate physician to her poor aching mind. Thus emleel one of the most solemn and pitiful scenes in which I have ever been an actor. I cannot but advert to the absurd and obsolete custom of impannelling 12 matrons to try issues such as the above. The ladies with whom I was associated in this in- stance were, many of them, of good social position and un- usual intelligence, hut such of them as had come to any con- clusion on this subject had arrived thereat on such insufticient and untrustworthy grounds as to make their opinion utterly valueless. Ol1r duty was not to find whether M iss Edmunds was pregnant, but whether she was "quick with child; and thesc ladies, frum the dala on whtch they started, had not eyen approached the subject which they were asked to iuyes- tigate. Tho fact of her having heen ill custolly five months before her trial and not luning 111liekened at the time of my examination I think nearly conclusively proves that she is not pregnant. There was 110t, therefore, the slightest ground for the statement she made in that respect. I siuccrely hope that something may be nune to reverse her sentence. Hor heeHoss aspect throughout all her trial and the false statement of pregnancy bear. in my opinion, in conjunction v,ith the facts proved at her trial, prhmt facie evidence of insanity, and wheu these facts arc associated with her family history a strong case, I opine, is mal1e out on which to memorialize the Horne Secretary."
[No title]
On Monday afternoon an influential meeting of the clergy, magistrates, and principal inhabitants of Mar- gate, was held to consider the propriety of memorialis- ing for a respite of Christiana Edmunds. Resolutions were adopted in favour of the presentation of a me- morial to her Majesty, and a gommittee was appointed to make the necessary arrangements.
THE LIVINGSTONE EXPEDITION.
THE LIVINGSTONE EXPEDITION. A-meeting of the Royal Geographical Society wa if T °N MOND»Y evening at the Lecture Theatre of the LondonUniversity. The chair was occupied by Sir-Henry Rawlinson, President of the Society. The President said that a statement would be made by the secretary, Mr. Markham, on the subject of the forthcoming expedition to relieve Dr. Livingstone. He had the pleasure of introducing to the meet- ing Lieutenant Dawson, RN., who had been selected as leader of the expedition. (Cheers.) He had hoped to be able to introduce to them Mr. W. Oswell Livingstone, the second son of the great traveller, but he was detained in Scotland with a view to attend a meeting called by the Lord Provost of Glasgow, and then being held, for the purpose of raising funds in aid of the Livingstone Ex- pedition. (Cheers.) It was probable that a further meeting of the society would be held before the ex- pedition started, and he would then have the pleasure of introducing Mr. Oswell Livingstone. Mr. Markham then submitted a statement in refer- ence to the proposed expedition, of which the follow- ing IS a summary :— Letters were received from Livingstone, dated at Lake Bangweolo, on July 8, 1808, and the last that have come to hand were dated I'jiji, May 30, 1869. He announced that the work still before him was to collect the lakes he had discovered that he intended to explore a lake to the westward of Tanganyika, in the Manyema country, and thence to complete his labours, but he was sorely in need of men and supplies. The Arab traders interested 111 the slave trade were anxious to thwart him, and no one would take charge of his letters. He mentioned having written 31 letters, which had been lost. This is the last positive news from Dr. Livingstone. There was one Arab report in November 1870, that lie was at the town of Manakoso, with few followers, waiting for supplies, and unable to move but the last certain intelligence will be three years old on the 30th of next May. The question now is, shall this great and noble-hearted man he left to his fate ? In January, 1870, the Treasury sanctioned a grant of £1,000 to send stores by natives from Zanzibar through the political agent: but this method of affording relief failed, and neither letters from Livingstone nor proof that he ever received the stores have reached the coast. Mr Stanley, an American tra- veller, has also attempted to penetrate into the interior, but he was stopped by disturbances at Unyanembe. It has thus become clear that, if Livingstone is to be relieved, a properly equipped expedition, ably com- manded, must be despatched from this country to do the work. (Hear, hear.) The Lords of the Treasury have declined to grant any pecuniary aid to the ex- pedition (cries of oh, oh!'), which is destined to bring succour to Dr. Livingstone, who it must always be remem- bered is Her Majesty's Consul for the interior of Africa, (Hear, hear.) No adverse decision from the Treasury, will, however, be allowed to check the necessary preparations, nor to retard them for a single dav (Cheers.) The known facts upon whict the Council of the Society have had to base their decision were few, but they all pointed to one obvious cause. According to the latest rumours, which were to some extent corroborated by the great traveller's expressed intention, Dr. Livingstone is in the Manyema country, to the westward of LakeTaneanyika, where he may be prostrated by sickness, and where, at all events, according to his last letters, he was urgently in want of supplies. As ex- perience has proved that it would not be safe to entrust the charge of supplies to the Arab traders, the only alternative is to despatch a relief expedition led by Europeans, and the council of the society had determined on that course. The fortunate accident that an excellent opportunity offered itself of reaching Zanzibar on the first steamer that has ever made the direct voyage by the Suez Canal was a sufficient reason for the rapidity with which it WiiS necessary to prepare and despatch the expedition. Nearly 200 persons had volunteered to take part in the expedition, and the choice of a leader had fallen upon Lieutenant Lewellyn Dawson. R.N., a scientific sea man, who possessed most of the qualifications which were needed to (ill so difficult and trying a post, and. on whose ahilityawl judgment the council had perfect confidence. (Cheers. 1 It was intended that he should he accompanied by a second in command, and the Foieign Office had applied to the Admiralty that any naval officer who served 011 this expedition shouid be rated on one of Her Majesty's ships, so as to be allowed time and full pay. (Hear.) Mr. W. Oswell Livingstone, Livingstone's son, who was born 20 years ago in the neighbourhood of Lake N'gami would also accompany the expedition. (Cheers.) It was hoped that Mr. New, a gentleman connected with the Mombas mission, would act as interpreter, and the party would in all consist °f an escort of about 50 picked men, besides porters. It would leave England early in February in the Abydos, steamer, chartered by Messrs. J. Wiseman an Co., who had generously undertaken to convey all stores free of charge, and, 11 possible, to secure free passages for the members o the expedition." (.Cheers.) The President then read his letter to the Treasury, and the reply which he had received, which was as fol- lows :— "Treasury Chambers, Jan. 16, 1S72. "Sir,—I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury-to acknowledge the receipt of vour letter of the 3rd inst., written on behalf of the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, soliciting a grant from the Government in aid of the expedition which it is proposed to send out in search of Dr. Livingstone and to inform you in reply that, my Lords, after full consideration, are of opinion that the direction in which the proposed search should be made is too doubtful to warrant public expendi- ture upon it. A new expedition is not the only means left through which Dr. Livingstone's safety may be reasonably hoped for. I am, &c., WILLIAM LAW. "To Major-General SirH. C. Rawlinson, K.C.B." Mr. Andrews thought the matter ought not to be allowed to rest where it was. (Cheers.) He would suggest that the council should call on the Government to state what they meant by the last sentence of the letter. (Hear.) The President assured Mr. Andrews that the coun- cil were fully impressed with the gravity of the ques- tion. They had entirely failed to guess what could possibly be alluded to, and were in the dark as to what the alternative course suggested, if one was meant to be suggested, could possibly be. For his own part he was inclined-to believe that it meant that Dr. Livingstone might find his own way back (laughter), so that a little public money might be saved. If it meant anything else, he should be happy to hear what it was. (Hear, hear.) A member was strongly of opinion that the Govern- ment should be asked to explain their letter. Mr. Thorpe thought that it was incumbent on the House of Commons and the House of Lords to tell the Government that they. were bound in duty and humanity to do all they could to relieve the great Englishman who had suffered, and was perhaps suffer- ing, so much in the cause of humanity and science. (Cheers.) The President wished to state that the answer of the Treasury did not necessarily commit the whole Government. (Hear.) Tlie Foreign Office[had always shown the greatest readiness and anxiety to assist the Geographical Society in every attempt to relieve Dr. Livingstone, and though their efforts had been ineffec- tual hitherto that did not militate against the honesty of their efforts and anxiety on his behalf. (Hear, hear.) They had received an assurance from the Foreign Office that Dr. Kirk would be instructed to give every possible aid to the expedition. In fact, tliatdepart- ment took the liveliest possible interest in the welfare of the great traveller and regarded the present object as a national one. (Cheers.) They had also reason to believe that the Admiralty would allow Lieutenant Dawson to be borne on the books of one of Her Ma- jesty's ships, so as .to have full pay and time while engaged in conducting the expedition. (Hear, hear.) they had not yet received the reply of the Admiralty, but it would be premature to condemn the entire Go- vernment for the extraordinary economy of the Trea- sury. (Hear, hear.) Admiral Colliuson thought the reply of the Admiralty would depend upon the emphatic manner in which the society had spoken out, and would speak out that night. (Cheers.) Mr. John Ball observed that the Treasury was a Department of Control, and the superior clerks there exercised their ingenuity in devising reasons for re- fusing any application for mercy. Except a higher power intervened no money would be granted, but it did not follow that the present answer was final. He held it to be a matter of indifference whether the ireasury gave them f500 or not. The public had taken the matter up, and it ought not to go forth that there was any doubt whatever that the work would be done. (Cheers.) Mr. Dallas, Governor of Rupert's Land, thought that after the bold refusal of the Government to aid in the expedition they ought to be asked what was the alternative scheme at which they hinted. The President said it had never occurred to the council to ask the Treasury any question connected with geography. (Laughter.) They considered thenv selves far better judges on that subject than the Treasury could be. They had come to the conclusion that their own expedition was far better than any empirical recommendation which might be made in explanation of the concluding sentence of the letter from the Treasury. (Laughter and" Hear, hear.") "A new expedition is not the only means left from which Dr. Livingstone's safety may be reasonably hoped for." What did it mean? He paused for a reply. (Laughter.) Mr. Purcell thought it was to be regretted that they should even approach anything in the shape of a political question. (Hear.) The society was bound to do their best, whether the Treasury in their parsimony refused, or in their liberality granted it, or in their ignorance declined to consider the matter. (Cheers.) The President remarked that Dr. Kirk had public funds in hand which would be devoted to aid the expe- dition. He had also been asked by telegraph to spend B500 in the purchase of supplies. The present was a most favourable opportunity for penetrating into the interior, as a mission from the neighbourhood of Tan- ganyika was now at Zanzibar and would act as an escort to the expedition the greater part of their journey. The subscriptions received amounted to £1,700, and public meetings in the great towns throughout the country were to be held in aid of the fund. He had received an invitation from the Lord Mayor of London inviting him to wait on him with a view to arrange for a great public meeting-in the City of London forthesame pur- pose. (Cheers.) Their prospects were, therefore, very promising. Lieutenant Dawson was here introduced to "the meeting by the President, and was warmly received. He said he was not at all insensible to the great diffi- culties of the expedition with the duty of leading which he had been entrusted. He could only on that occasion refer to his good intentions—deeds must follow. He knew that the eyes of the whole British public would be on him and on his com- panions, but he hoped they did not need a con- sciousness of that fact to stimulate their efforts to clear up the mystery as to the fate of Dr. Livingstone, or to find out his whereabouts. (Hear.) To the utmost of their powers they would carry out the instructions of the society, and no greater reward could be given them than that they should be thought to have done the work they had undertaken satisfac- torily. (Hear, hear.) He thanked many friends, resi- dents and travellers in Africa, for the valuable hints they had given him, and trusted that with God's help the expedition would be successful. (Cheers.) The subject then dropped.
THE RIGHT OF MARRIED WOMEN…
THE RIGHT OF MARRIED WOMEN TO VOTE. In the Court of Queen's Bench, "in the matter ofi a Municipal Election at Sunderland," the case raised a ques- tion as to the right of married women to vote at municipal elections. The applicant had lost his election as town councillor by a majority of one, and he impeached several of his opponent's votes, especially the votes of two married women—one who had married just before the election, and another, who was separated from 'her husband, and carried on a separate business. They were both on the burgess' list, and the former was on the list before her marriage, and remained on the list in her maiden name at the time of the election. It was con- tended on their behalf that under the Act of 186\.1, 33 Vict., c. 55, they had a right to vote. It was admitted that no married woman had ever yet been allowed to vote, but it was insisted that this was only because before the Act 110 woman could vote. The Lord Chief Justice, however, observed that it was because they were married women that they could not vote. The Act did not do away with the neces- sity for a property qualification and Mr. Justice Mellor observed that it had never yet been suggested on the part of the advocates of women s rights that married women could vote, but only widows and spin- Tlie Court were clearly of opinion that one of the mar- ried women had no right to vote, the one who was married when registered and they were strongly of opinion that the other also was disqualified. At Common Law married women could not exercise political func- tions. as their legal existence was merged in that of their husbands. The Act of 18G9 only gave women the right to vote where men would be entitled to vote-that is, where they had the requisite property qualification, and the Legislature by their enactments as to the property of married women, never intended, by a side wind, to alter the whole law on the subject.' As to the other case, the case of the woman registered while she was single, his opinion was that her status was altered by marriage, and that she became then disqualified from voting. The rule, therefore, would be absolute for a quo warranto.
THE FIRE AT CHICAGO.
THE FIRE AT CHICAGO. It may be remembered that in addition to the appeal of the Lord Mayor to the citizens of London for aid in relieving the distress caused by the fire at Chicago in October last, the American merchants and residents in London formed themselves into a committee over which General Schenck, the United States' Minister presided, for the purpose of raising additonal funds' and forwarding money and goods to their distressed countrymen. From their report just issued it appears that they received from the 12th of October to the 97th nf "NTn vember inclusive, £ 27,211 of which £ 25,385 was sub-" scribed for Chicago, and £ 1 825 for the sufferers by the forest and prairie fires in Michigan and Wisconsin. Of that sum of £ 24,070 had been remitted to Chicago, and £ 1,000 to the Forest Fire sufferers leaving a balance of £31;) yet on hand. They hai also received through the late Lord Mayor :if follows From the Mansion-house Fund £ 43 232 the Corporation of London, £ 1,050, and the Mayor of Birmingham, £ 2,000-making £ 46,282. and with the amount £ 27,211 already mentioned, £ 73 493 Of the sum received by the committee the following contribu- r T fMere made :—Newcastle- ?&{/»?' vr £ n; GwTCk;. £ 1'0,K); Bradford, £ 5,000; Belfast, ^,3/0; Wolverhampton, £ 500; Kidder- 5 £ 1'50°; Hartlepool, £ L 0, Halifax £ G00 Peebles, £ 125 Rochdale, £ 500; l a mouth >:>7 Huddersheld, £ 500 and Keighley, £ 200 making in all £ 18 o02, and leaving £ 8,708 as the contribution of individuals. The sums received from the Lord Mayor and from thevanouscities and towns were almost invariably te egraphed to New ork on the day of their recep- tion, and the remainder at short intervals. The follow- ing is a list of the amounts remitted :From October 13th to 21st, 1:m,950; from the 24th to the 31st £H,300 from November 2nd to 10th £ 14 <>32 • and from the 24th to the 28th, £ 2,370.-in all .€70 852, equi- valent ill currency to abowt 389,97(5 dollars The committee thought that list unmistakable evidence of the prompt and magnificent generosity, both of the Lnghsli nation and of American residents here, and also that no effort of theirs had been spared that money intrusted to them should be made at once available for the relief of the suffering for which it was intended. They desirerli to thank niost heartily the duectors of the Anglo-Telegraph Company for their kindness in sending all cable messages to New York and the return acknowledgments free of charge. The committee explain in their report the reasons which induced them, on the suggestion of the Greenock authorities, to open a subscription for the relief of the sufferers by the prairie and forest fires, and state that .after the first reliable information had been received they forwarded £200 (the Greenock subscription) to a clergyman at Grand Rapids, Michigan. Funds con- tmued to flow m, and after receipt of the proclamation < £ (^»vfrRor of Wisconsin as to the distress in his State, £ b00 was remitted to him and £ 350 more to Michigan. On the 14th of November it was decided to publish an advertisement, asking that future dona- tions, when possible, might be devoted to that purpose, instead of Chicago, and the committee also decided in view of pressing necessities, to take the responsibility of diverting JE1,000 from the Chicago Fund to be divi- ded in equal portions between Michigan and Wisconsin. The committee conclude their report by saying that they bear grateful testimony, not only to the liberality of their countrymen, but to the sympathy in word and deed they have met with from all classes, and in all parts of the United Kingdom the press had everywhere spoken kindly and commending words; offers of free 1 transportation of goods came at once from all the rail- j ways and steamers connecting London with Liverpool and New York; and the" Christy Minstrels "paid all ex- penses and sent the whole proceeds, without deduction, of an evening entertainment, announcing themselves only as ready to receive contributions from Americans, subscriptions had come to them from England, Ireland, and Scotland, and even from an English congregation in France (at Compibgne), and it was a source of much pleasure to them that they had not only been able to give relief to their suffering brethren in the West, but also to aid in strengthening the bonds of good feeling between this country and the UnitedStates. The report is signed'by Messrs. J. S. Morgan, B. Moran, Russell Sturgis, Hugh M'Culloch, C. E. Habicht, C. Bowles, and L. P. Morton, and General Badeau. Since the i-sue of that report £1,746 had been re- ceived for the Chicago sufferers, and £872 for those by the forest fires. These donations included JE5.")5 from the inhabitants of Carditf, t;317 from Sreenock. £400 from Halifax, JE385 from Belfast, £331 from Keighley, £2:3G from Rochdale, and JE250 from Mr. F. B. Chat- terton, being the gross proceeds of a benefit perfor- mance at Drurv-lane Theatre. Among other gifts were those of a painting worth 100 guineas from Yvon, the French artist, and a marble medallion bust of Longfellow, from Miss M. F. Foley, an American sculptor at.Rome. The total expenses of the fund amounted to less than £400. The honorary secretary was Mr. H. T. I Parker, one of the resident Americans, who rendered most conspicuoul services.
CHARITY AT CHICAGO.
CHARITY AT CHICAGO. A Chicago correspondent of the New York That* gives the following account of the burnt city at Christ- mas :— If you could look upon the quantity and variety of costly presents (he says) which changed hands this morning, you would be far from inferring that the people of Chicago had met with very severe losses. All the jewellers' shops, the toy shops, and wherever holiday goods are sold, report trade greater than ever and all sorts of extra- vagance and luxury seem to flourish aa much as ever. Many, it is true, cannot indulge as freely as in other days; but expensive goods, such as were untouched last year find purchasers now. In view of all this extra- vagance, which has been Announced in the daily papers, it would be the most natural thing in the world for those abroad, who are labouring for what they supposed to be a suffering people, to stay proceedings, especially as most of those who are thus engaged are less able to help us than our own citizens are to help themselves. We have, according to our own claiming, 25,000 inhabit- ants who were unscorched directly by the fire—whose houses were untouched. We are doiug probably a better, and larger business than any other city out of New York, on the average of the population, and we can, as a city, or as individuals, afford to help ourselves, as well as other communities can afford to help us. The Common Council of the 235,000 unburned-out people at Chicago have not voted a penny for the relief of her own sufferers. I think it is beneath the dignity of the great commercial emporium' of the North-wesfto be placed in such a posi- tion to boast of her extravagance and luxury, and waste, and allow poorer communities to feed and clothe her desti- tute people."
SOMETHING ABOUT THE OCTOPUS.I
SOMETHING ABOUT THE OCTOPUS. In an article entitled "The Sea at Sydenham," The Times thus describes the Octopus which may be seen at the Crystal Palace :— One of the chief present attractions of the aquarium at Sydenham, is the octopus, as to which the truth, which is but little known, is hardly less interesting, and certainly not less remarkable, than the fables which are current. He deserves to be watched as well as stared at. From the edible whelk to the octopus is a considerable step, but they are distant relations. Both have it in commc n that they are carnivorous molluscs, and one can easily get a clear idea of the structure of this interesting monster by considering it as a modified whelk. Thus a whelk is a carnivorous mollusc with a soft body enclosed in a hard shell, and with a broad foot mounted on his stomach capable of being unfolded from the shell or retracted within it, and of being applied- to various substances, over which it glides like a snail. The octopus is also a carnivorous mollusc, but its body, instead of being enclosed in a hard shell, is contained in a thick, soft, and very tough egg-shaped bag. The foot is enormously enlarged, and is cut up radically into eight sectional feet, which are drawn out into long, conical, thong-shaped strips. These would not have the same adhering power as the aggregated foot of a whelk, and so the under surface of each strip is furnished with one or two rows of round cup-shaped suckers, which can adhere instantly to any surface. The bases of these eight arms are connected by a thm, elastic, semi-transparent web of skin, The octopus always takes live food, and at the Crystal Palace its principal diet is shrimps, and when it wants to feed it suddenly draws together its eight arms, and the impact of the web against the water causes it to shoot backward through the water before the movement has ceased it continues to propel itself by an hydraulic tube, like that of the steamers of the Waterwitcli class, and through the narrow nozzle of which it drives a smart stream of water, carrying it- self along by the force thus generated, and directing itself by changing the position of the nozzle- It can at its pleasure throw the movable end of this "siphon over its back, and then, as it drives itself forward with its great arms no longer drawn into a lance- shaped bunch, but floating wildly in tangled confu- sion, it is a rare and delicate monster indeed. The marvel of the octopus is the combination of its monstrous and singular formation with considerable intelligence. It has a very high organization, the highest among invertebrates. Thus, it has a distinct brain in a distinct gristly skull. Its sight, smell, and hearing are all highly developed. It has its observable idiosyncrasies. The present inhabitant of the tank, for example, may be observed always to retire to the same spot amorg the rocks. It has selected its home, and after sallying out for food always comes home to the same place. When wishing to fced, it may be observed to drop over tlie sand where shrimps are burrowing. They fly up in alarm, but the web con- necting the eight feet of the octopus encloses them like a tent. They may be seen struggling inside, but there they are enclosed, while the cuttle devours them leisurely by the aid of a pair of mandibles like the beak of a parrot, which occupy the part where all the legs are joined, Thus the web is contrived to play a double part, as a means of motion and a net to catch his prey. The stream of oxygenated water driven through the siphon serves also the further purpose of aerating the blood in the animal's gills, over which it passes, and further of carrying off cgesta and the ink, which the animal discharges in sickness and disquietude. The flesh of the octopus is very tough, and he may be seen sometimes trying conclusions, rather accidentally than maliciously, with a good-sized 'crab, who nips very hard. On these occasions the crab gives him a hard nip on the arm, without succeeding in severing it, but the cuttle retires discomfited, lashing his eight arms about in great agitation. The dimensions of the body of this specimen vary from four to five inches his arms are from 15 to 18 inches long, and although they taper to very fine points, the forms of the suckers retain their integrity to the tips. The largest of his species are found in the tropics, and occasionally in the northern seas. Steen- strup, an eminentnaturalistof Copenhagen, has reported details of individuals with bodies as large as a hundred- gallon cask, and arms 30 feet long, and as large round at their bases as a man's wrust. they also are carni- vorous. Some of the tropical species have their feet armed with sharp spines in lieu of suckers, the more nrmly to grasp the slippery fish which are their usual victims. These are of course most gruesome monsters to run against in the water, but neither octopus, nor eledone, nor loligo, nor any other cephalopod pursues man or any other animal out of the water, whatever has been said or pictured to the contrary. It is essentially formed to live and exert itself in water, and is there most powerful. One of the large tropical species would unquestionably readily attack, drown, and devour a man. Occasionally, however, it can travel out of the water, and Mr. Lloyd—who is full of fish lore, and proposes to add to hisexcellent little handbook a complete guide to the aquarium, which is likely to be full of curious observation tellg us that some years ago he knew a hungry specimen which in the night got out of its own tank, travelled some feet across a floor in a room, and clambered into another tank where there were shrimps, which it ate, of course in water; but otherwise he entirely concurs that, although a large cuttle surprised and attacked out of the water may have made something like resistance, there can be no foundation for stories of their pursuing men out of water. The octopus and eledone, which are both to be seen in this aquarium, can stand a good deal of local injury, but they can't endure a chill. They speedily begin to discharge their ink and die. Cuvier made a sketch of a fossil cuttle with his own dried primeval ink. We have before us a sketch of an eledone, which died about Christmas time, made with the ink which it furniEhed. The Crystal Palace specimens may be seen to change their colour remarkably from a pale pink to a dark reddish brown, by kind of cephalopodian blushing due to the injection of the surface with a variously-coloured fluid contained in cells beneath the skin. This continues after death, and may be brought about by irritating the surface with a sharp point. In an aquarium a skn of death is the change to a milk-white colour, com- mencing at the extremity of the limbs,
LATENT INSANITY.
LATENT INSANITY. A Barrister," who has no personal knowledge of either Mr. Watson or Miss Edmunds," and who thinks that "the verdict in Mr. Watson's case was the one which should have followed the evidence," writing to the Times on the subject of "Latent Insanity," says :— I cannot think that the finding in the case of Miss Edmunds was at all so satisfactory. I am not a mad doctor," or a doctor at all, and therefore T am free from professional prejudices in this matter but, having paid a good deal of attention to the subject of insanity, I venture to assert that if there be any one fact positively ascertained in connexion with mental disease, it is that of its hereditary transmission. Xo attempt was made to show the existence of insanity in Mr. Watson's family, but no room whatever was left for speculation on this point in the case of the woman Edmunds. Not only was proof given of mental disease in her maternal grandfather and her own father, but there was evidence of its transmission, in the saddest and most hopeless form, to her own generation. Her brother had lived and died an idiot. The wonder is that the woman herself had not manifested symptoms of madness long before she began pur- chasing large doses ot poison, and obtaining in still greater quantities, and in a much more open manner, the sweet- stuffs in which she conveyed it to her intended victims. If she be not insane she is a monster with whom nobody can feel the least sympathy; but if she is not in such full possession of her senses as to be legally and morally guilty of murder, is there not one efementui her case which ought to tell strongly in favour of ii r, 'Watson ? The perfect co- herency and rational tone of the letters written by him after the murder and immediately before his attempt at suicide were relied on, and, as I thought at the time, justly relied on, by Mr. Denman as show- ing that the prisoner was in full possession of his senses; and when referring to one of the letters, Jlr. Justice Byles remarked to the jury, When he wrote that letter, gentlemen, he seems to have had his wits about him, but that was not at the moment of the murder." But were those letters in any sense more coherent or more rational than those.eellt by the convict Edmunds to the father of the boy she had poisoned ? If a person of unsound mind could have written these, it would be hard to say that Jlr. Watson's letters exclude the theory of his insanity. "The truth is, Jlr. Bruce has to perform a most difficult and painful task in deciding on both cases. No doubt he will call to his assistance medical authority; but when he is considering the circumstances under which Mr. Wat- son killed his wife he might, perhaps, with advantage, refer to another case, the records of which he will find in the Home Office. It is that of a gentleman named Smith, who, like Mr. Watson, was a man of vast erudition, a tine classical scholar, and a person of sinsrularly gentle manners in his ordinary converse with those around him. Like :\11'. Watson, he too killed his wife. Some three or four years ago I first met Mr. Smith in literary society. 1 was in his company on many occaSIons subsequently, and conversed with him on all the ordinary topics of conversation. His reading had been enor- mous and varied, and his memory was marvellous. I had been ill the habit of meeting him now and then for upwards of a year before I heard that he had shot his wife, and had spent 14 years in Bethlehem and Broadmoor as a criminal lunatic. Great was my. surprise, for he was about the last m an in the world that I should have suspected of even a tendency to insanity. On several occasions, after 1 had heard so much of his history, I carefully observed his manner. It was invariably that of an amiable ami accomplished gentleman. But, in May last, :Mr. :5mith entered a refreshment house, calle,1 for a cup uf tea a1Jli some hread and butter and shot himself. After the tea all,1 bread and hutter had heen scned, the waiter entered the room, and Mr. Smith tolel him, in a calm voice, that he had not quite finbhed what he wail taking. The waiter left the room, Illlt had 8cflrcely done so when lieheard thp report of a pistol. lIe returned instantly and found the unfortunate gen- tleman a cOI1)se, with a bullet in his sknl1. On the trial for the murder of his wife, }tr. Smith was acquitted as msane, and ordered to be detained in custody during Her Majesty's pleasure. Year after year, for several years before Iris dis- charge, the officials of the 3sylum in which he was confined reported him sane: Rir Come wall Lewis refused to dis- charge him, notwithstanlllng the importunities of influen- tial friends, hut a sultsequent Home Secretary set him at large. Shortly before his death he completed a statistical work, which has since been published, and at the time he shot himself an eminent firm had commissiolled him to edit a new editioll of the Political Economy of Adam Smith; but this employment came too late- Mr.' Smith had but 11 few pounds in hand, and for some time before he committed suicide he had 10Ieen brood- ing over the apprehension that destitution was staring him in the face. Of his history preYious to hili killing his wife I know nothing but as the rest of his case is in several respects very like that of "\11'. Watson, it might be well if Bruce looked into the evidence given on Smith's trial.
V1ILL THE JEWS RETURN TO PALESTINE…
V1ILL THE JEWS RETURN TO PALESTINE ? The Rabbi Hirsh Kalisher communicates to the Wochtnschrift some remarkable views on the coloniza- tion of Palestine by the Jews. The Rabbi holds that Israel should not indolently expect the fulfilment of the Biblical predictions, but should itself take steps to bring about their accomplishment. The- <kholy duty" of the return of the Jews to Palestine is not, however, to be performed simply by living in the country, the Jews must" cultivate the ground," and whoever is prevented from personally joining the colonists should Hupport the scheme by subscriptions, and thereby them- selves hold an ideal parcel of Palestine land. If a sufficient number of Jews once more gather together for resklence in Palestine, and obtain possession of the consecrated ground of the Temple-" which," the Rabbi observes, may be acquired for money" -then coulll the altar be erected, and the ancient religious service restored. "God," adds the Rabbi, "has repeatedly brought hrael to the threshold of its predicted future. In the time of Saladin, Selim, and Farchi the Jews P9ssesRed liberty, w6a.lth, and powerful protectors, and could have easily acquired posselision of the Holy Land, "which anxiously expects the return of its children." But they preferred to enjoy the fleeting safety of the times and the grace of the men in power, and so remained just where ii)|iy happened to be. They have loved Zion and prayed for its restoration. But they have done nothing to secure it, "and therefore was the time of their happiness always of short duration, Israel delaying the day of its own redemption." When the Jews were expelled from Spain they emigrated to various countries to live in misery or to perish, while land flowing with milk anr1. honoy lay open hefore them. The great fault of the Jewish race is, according to this high authority, that they" entirely misunderstand the signs of Und, and have Ret up a fallacious system of passivity and wait- mg for divine interference by miracles." The Rabbi is of opinion that Israel sh«uld continue to put its trust in Providence, but should at the same time organize a system of national omigration to Palestine.
THE MARKETS.
THE MARKETS. MARK-LAXF,.—MONPAT. At M ark-lane to-day the grain trade has been in a quiet state There has been a slwrt supply of English wheat on the stands, and the quality has been very indifferent, owing to the damp weather. The attendance of millers has been limited and no disposition has been evinced to purchase, except as regards the few dry samples on offer. For these full prices have been paid. Other sorts have been unaltered. There has been a fair show of foreign wheat on the stands. Both Russian and American parcels have sold slowly, at about late rates. The market has been moderately "supplied with barley. Fine malting produce has been steady in value, with a moderate demand otherwise the trade has been quiet. Malt has been firm, at previous quotations. With oats the market has been fairly supplied. Sales have pro- gressed slowly, at the rates previously current. Beans have changed hands quietly, but prices have been maintained. Peas have sold on former terms. Maize has continued dnll. There has not been much inquiry for flour, at last Monday's prices. METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARK FT.—MOKPAV. The cattle trade to-day has been characterised by quiet- ness. Notwithstanding that the supplies of stock have not been extensive, they have been amply sufficient to meet the demand, and prices have favoured purchasers. The supply of beasts has been moderate. The demand has been inactive and prices have fallen 2d. per 81b. The best Scots and crosses have been disposed of at 5s. 4d. to 5s. 6n. per 81b. From Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and Cambridgeshire, we received about 1.500 Scots and crosses, from other parts of England about 300 various breeds, from Scotland 199 Scots and crosses, and froni lreland about 100 oxen. The supply of sheep has been limited. The business doing has been moderate, the best Downs and lialf-breds, selling at Cs. lOd. to 7s., have maintained late rates, but ewe mutton has been lower to sell. Calves have changed hands quietly, at previous quo- tations. Pigs have met a slow sale, at late rates. At Dept- ford there were about 900 beasts and 1,100 sheep on offer. Per 81b. to sink the offal. s. it. s. d. s. d. s. d. Inf. coarse beasts 3 G 4 4 Prime Southdown 6 10 7 0 Second quality 4 (',5 0 Large coarse calves 4 6 5 2 Prime large oxen ..5 2 5 4 Prime small 5 4 6 0 Prime Scots, &c.5 4 5 6 Large Hogs 3 8 4 4 Inf. coarse sheep ..4 4 5 0 Neat small porkers 4 6 5 0 Second quality 5 4 0 0 Lamb o 00 0 Prime Scots, &c.5 4 5 6 Large Hogs 3 8 4 4 Inf. coarse sheep ..4 4 5 0 Neat small porkers 4650 Second quality 5 4 0 0 Lamb o 00 0 Pr. coarse woolled 6 4 6 8 Qr. old store pigs 0 0 0 0 METROPOLITAN MEAT MARKET.—MONDAY. There has been a moderate supply. The trade has been dull at depressed quotations. T s. d. s. d. g. d. s. d. Inferior beef 3 4 3 8 Inferior mutton ..3 5 4 0 Middling ditto 3 10 4 0 Middling ditto. 4 2 4 6 Prime large ditto.. 4 0 4 4 Trime ditto 4 10 5 0 Prime small ditto.. 4 6 4 8 1 Large pork 3 44 0 Yeal [) 6 6 0 I Small pork. 4 0 4 6 HOPS. This market during the week has been easier, and prices have had an upward tendency. The qualities of Mid W«ald of Kent and Sussex, being purchased freely in the country, have also commanded more attention here, and prices in most instances have improved. Mid and East Kent, £10 to £ 10 16s. WeaM of Kent, £ S 10s. to £ 10 10s. Sussex, Z7 5s. to Co 9s. Farnham and conntry..Gil to £ 16. Yearlings: Mid and East Kent, £ 3 to 46 10s. Weald of Kent, k3 to £ 515s. Sussex. :a to £5 5s. Faniham and country, ,£410s. to £ 7 olds, £ 1 5s. to £ 2. WOOL. Tn the wool market there has been a fair amount of animation apparent. The demand still runs principally on deep grown qualities, and the value of this description well maintained. Other qualities are in fair request. Current prices of English wool Fleeces South Down hoggets, Is. 9id. to Is. lOd. half-bred ditto, 2s. Otd. to 2s. 3W. Kent fleeces, 2s. to 2s. id. South Down ewes and wethers, Is. 8s. to Is. 9d. Leicester ditto, Is. 6d to Is. 7d. Sorts: Clothing, Is. id. to is. 8d. combing, Is. 4d. to 2s. Id. per lb. FISH. Turbot, 7s. Cd- to 13s. brill, 4s. to 6s. Cd. doree, 3s. to 5s. cod, 5s. to 7s. lid. each soles, 18: Cd. to 3s. 81. per pair whiting, 2s. to 3s. per dozen; plaice, 10s. to 10s. per basket; smoked haddocks. 20s. to 30s. per barrel trawl ditto, 12s. to 15s. per basket: bloaters, 2s. to 3s. 6d. kippers, 2s. to 4s. 6d. per box pickled herrings, 28s. to 31s. red ditto, 10s. to 25s. per barrel eels, Is. to is. 2d. per lb; mullet, 7s. 6d. to 15s. mackerel, 2s. to 3s. 6d. per dozen native oysters, £ 10 5s. pearl ditto, £ 3 5s. and common ditto, 15s. to 35s. per bushel. POTATOES. The markets have been well supplied. The trade has been slow, at our quotations. «Regents, 100s. to 120s. flukes, 100s. to 140s. rocks, 7< s. to 85s. victorias, 120s. to 140s French, 60s. to 75s. per ton.