The Aberdare Times

CHOLERA ON MEN-OF-WAR. Cholera has broken out on board H M cruisers Blanche and Marathon, which are both at Bombav. Twenty-eight cases occurred within 24 hours and six have already term mated fatally.

Wrrti one or two trifling exceptions, the sub-marine cables of the world, which stretch over 120 000 nautical miles, and have cost £40,000,000, are of British construction. It New York" Dorothy Apartments" is the name given to designate the feminine or bachelor apart- ments. The custom of living alone, unchaperoned and unsuspected, is increasing to a surprising extent among young women n that city.

NEWS NOTES. SAN SALVADOR, which is the smallest State in Central America, situated on the Pacific sea- board, and said also to be the most thickly- populated, has been the scene of another terrible earthquake convulsion, causing the loss of a great many lives and incalculable destruc- tion of property. There were premonitions of coming disaster in the increased liveliness of volcanic eruptions arising from underground depths. Thirty-seven years ago the fine town itself, bearing the same name as the State, with a population at the time of twenty-eight thousand inhabitants, was so entirely shaken down by the force of the convulsion that only one house was left standing, and six thousand people were killed. The latest upheaval, bear- ing some resemblance to a heavy squall at sea, extended over a wider area, with results, ac- cordingly, of a direr kind. THE most important feature of the luncheon which M. Freycinet, the French Prime Minister and War Minister, gave to the general officers who had taken part in the military manoeuvres in the east of France, was the presence of the foreign attaches, who mustered in considerable numbers. The luncheon took place in a marquee on a healthy spot of ground at Vendeuvere, and might therefore he looked upon as a sort of bivouac. It was stated by M. Freycinet, in the course of the speech he delivered, that the large scale of the manoeuvres was undertaken for the purpose of enabling the chief Generals to under- stand their own strategic skill in being able to handle many regiments in the field. He also mentioned that it was intended to bring out next year, in the same way, the forces of the second line reserves. While making this announcement the War Minister was careful to observe that the designs in view were of a perfectly pacific nature. The parading of big forces is thus meant to resemble the act of the Irishman at Donnybrook who trailed his coat behind him and invited anyone who dared to put his foot upon the garment. M. Freycinet ( deserves credit for the ability and energy dis- played by him in managing the duties of two important Ministerial posts. THE telegraphic message from Wellington shows that the Legislative Council has not been long in disposing of the bill, sent up by the New Zealand House of Representatives, pro- posing to grant the residential franchise to women, accompanied by the privilege of coming forward as Parliamentary candidates. Facetious folks may probably conclude that the members of the Legislative Council are not under the influence of petticoat government to the same extent as the members of the House of Representatives. The latter certainly stood in need of some check, as it had manifested rather undue haste. Even the most advanced sup- porters of women's suffrage in this country have abstained from going the length of saying that it should likewise include the right of being elected to occupy seats in the House of Commons. The experiences of last year, when a large infusion of the Socialist element was added to the Trades' Union Congress, which then held its annual meeting at Liverpool, caused pre- cautions to be adopted for preventing a repeti- tion of bear-garden scenes taking place at New- castle this season. Accordingly, the five hundred delegates now representing different unions throughout the country were kept quieter than the four hundred of last year, and in order to accomplish the desirable object free use was made of the closure, besides limiting the duration of speeches. One delegate, rather fond of hearing himself speak, complained about gagging, and the chairman coolly in- formed him that gagging was required, especi- ally as regards himself. Mr. Burt made a capital president, and his dry humour was more effective in preserving order and peace than anything else. In consequence of the arrange- ments made, a good deal of business was got through during the sittings of the Congress. THE troops engaged in the autumnal manoeuvres in Hampshire have been subjected to extreme heat, like the troops similarly occu- pied in France and Austria. The movements, which included a big sham battle on Friday last, were hampered by the circumstance that large quantities of grain still stood uncut in the fields, on the alleged account of the farmers not being able to find a sufficient number of hands. Where, 01.1 where did the Irish reapers go ? In a county like Hampshire, lying in the extreme south of England, it must have been an unusual sight to survey so many uncut fields in the month of September. When the hot weather came, it would be felt all the more grievous by the farmers that they were very short of hands. THE crew of the Mount's Bay fishing-lugger Eliza have done a thing of which they no doubt feel justifiable pride in capturing off the Lizard a shark, described as being sixteen feet long, seven feet in girth, and scaling twelve hundred- weight. Eccentricities, in the way of exploring voyages, are occasionally made by marine monsters, and the victimised shark was one of the number. Whales, it is well known, have often strayed south, far from the Arctic Circle, j and the smaller-sized bottled-nose species that visit at times the Orkney and Shetland groups of islands often become the prey of fishermen, who find both sport and profit in driving them into bays, where they get stranded, and are valued according to the amount of blubber they yield. ONE fact deducible from the correspondence which has been appearing in print of late is that the four divisions of large-sized farms and moderately-sized farms, small holdings, and allotments of various sizes, ought to make the agrarian condition of the country prosperous if due care were taken in attending to the best means of cultivation, and raising the best kinds of crops most suitable for the nature of the soils. Steam machines and hand labour can both find profitable employment. Notwith- standing the unpropitious weather endured, until September tried her best to make amends for past wrongs, the orchards yearly increas- ing in number are found to be aglow with red- cheeked apples, showing that the hardier kinds of fruit, also the most generally realished, are well adapted to hold their own in a fickle climate, and defy the elements when they throw summer a month or two behind.

LORD DUDLEY'S WEDDING. Only sunshine was wanted to make wholly aus- picious the occasion on which the Earl of Dudley espoused Miss Rachel Gurney, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Gurney, and adopted daughter of tha Duke and Duchess of Bedford. Holy Trinity Church, Sloane-street, was the scene of the ceremony; and, l .rge as the building is, it failed to accommodate all the people who desired—some of them very vehemently—to get into it for tho half-hour from :3.30 to three taken up on Monday in joining together the young couple who knelt before the altar there. Happy is the bride that the sun shines on and passing happy should be one that has a wealthy duke and duchess for her adopted parents, £50,000 for a dowry, and a handsome young earl for husband. No doubt fine weather would have been secured if money eonld have bought it, for there was no stint of anything else that goea to make a marriage notable. The church, though it is in so fashion- aMe a neighbourhood that, to judge from a sample taken of the names on the backs of tln> chairs, it includes more titled than ordinary folk in its congregation, may go many a year before it will again be the scene of such splendour as it glowed with on Monday. Before ono o'clock had struck a number of people had gathered in the hope of seeing something of the arriving and departing guests, perchance the groom and the bride, a few of hf'r eight bridesmaids, or, haply, the Prince of Wales himself, who, it was understood, would honour the occasion with his presence. By two o'clock this crowd, which stood devotedly under a downpour of close mizzlinff rain, had overflowed into the horseroad, crowded the pavements, surged up and occupied every square inch of the steps leading to front doors, clung to and climbed up all available palisading, and, generally speaking, showed the most obstinate°determination not. to be cheated out of catching a glimpse of that which it was there to see. Only those were to be admitted to the church who came provided with tickets, which had been issued Sv and at the discretion of the Duchess of Bed- ford and even these vouchers were un- available before two o'clock, when the doors 1 were to be epened. At that hour the stream of carriages, private and hackney, acquired great volume, and the police had perhaps rather more on their hands than they had bargained for; certainlv they had more than they could quite cope with. The broughams on which rode coach- man and footman adorned with huge bouquets of lovely Howers were signalled out for special attention, as containing somebody or other having an intimate connection with the ceremony—the bride herself, or the bridesmaids, very likely. A sharp look out enabled the crowd to note and comment on the arrival of the Earl of Dudley and his best man, Vis- count Royston. They were followed by the eight young ladies attendant on the bride, .included among the number being two little girls. There were also a ( counle of naere boys. Masters PriuseD and Somers- Cocks, quaintly dressed, who were to act as train bearers. Then came the chief object of interest, the bride herself, of whom the glimpse caught revealed a white veil, a gleam of satin, a flash of jewels, a dazzlingly bright but unresolvable image—and that was all. Five minutes before the time set for the ceremony the Prince of Wales drove up in brougham and pair. He was generally recognised and loudly cheered. Already the choir was in its place, and all was hushed expectation. The chancel steps and chancel were beautified with noble palms, white lilies and chrysanthemums, the super altar with massive white blooms in oriental vases. The church proved more than large enough to contain all the invited guests, many though they were; and, the pleadings of ordinary humanity prevailing, the order was given to admit the general public. To have denied them what they so ardently desired, and had so patiently awaited the smallest chance of, would have been cruel indeed. The seating capa- city of the building is about 1200. Nearer 4000 than three must, at a moderate computation, have squeezed in when leave was given. The sight was a remark- able one. Not the noblest, the most entrancing preacher the world has ever known could fill a church as a very fashionable marriage does. The people were packed as close as beans in a bag—and beans have not elbows or angularities of any sort, neither have they feet, and corns thereon—all which rasping provocations to anger poor humanity has to put up with it. Chairs were soon mounted. What thus gave one person an advantage was quickly neu- tralised by others adopting the same plan. Two in- genious damsels showed great generalship, however. First they got chairs, then hassocks, and piling the latter four deep on the former, scaled the totter- ing height, and from that giddy elevation saw com- fortably all that was going on. How they climbed up and how down, without coming to grief, remained unascertained, more important matters having to bo attended to. It must be confessed that this crowd, jammed and squeezed in, staring with all its eyes, listening with all its ears, was neither in appearance nor action strikingly reverent. They could not have knelt down had they wished to, and apparently they did not wish. It was a show—a wedding-they had come to see, not a religious ceremony in which they had either lot or part. Of course, the invited guests bore themselves differently, attending to their de- votions. Within the church there was ample opportunity for viewing the dresses which the outside watchers had been merely tantalised with a glimpse of. To the best of the knowledge and belief of the writer the bride wore a dress of the richest duchesse satin, with a long train, the bodice being cut to the throat and softened at the neck with a deep ruching of antique point lace, and with this lace the sleeves were slashed. About the waist was a broad satin sash, the ends of which reached to the feet. Her bridal veil of old lace, the special gift. of Lord Dudley, covered a small wreath of real orange blooms in foliage. For ornaments she wore a superb string of pearls, the gift of the Duchess of Bedford, and a dia- mond motto bracelet, the gift of the Duke of Bed- ford. She carried a magnificent bouquet of rare exotics in foliage, tied with strings of a complemen- tary hue. The bridesmaids were Lady Edith Ward 'sister of the bridegroom), Miss Laura Gurney (sister Df the bride), Miss Mabel Forbes (daughter of Lady Helen Forbes), Miss Maud Campbell (daughter of ilie late Capt. Campbell and Mrs. Campbell), Miss Helena Fraser (daughter of Gen. Keith Fraser and Mrs. Fraser, cousins of the bride), the Hon. Muriel Erskine (daughter of Lord and Lady Cardross), Lady Juliette Lowther) daughter of the Earl of Lonsdale),and Miss Pamela Wyndham (daughter of the Hon. and Mrs. P. Wyndham). The bridegroom's presents to them were double initial brooches, with the letters R.E." in pearls and diamonds, surmounted by a coronet. They wore gowns of white crepe de chine, prettily trimmed with white lace insertion and pale blue baby-ribbon rosettes. The bodice of each was caught down with a wide sash of pale blue satin, falling in long ends at the side. They had on picture hats of fancy black straw, ornamented with Mechlin lace and pale blue satin ribbons and black ostrich feather tips. The service, fully choral, was conducted by the Rev. Canon Claughton, cousin of the bridegroom, assisted by the Rev. Canon Melville, of Worcester, and the Rev. C. Beanland, M.A. The bride was given away by the Duke of Bedford, who then, with the duchess, took his place in the first row of seats to the left, facing the Communion table. Next to them sat the Prince of Wales, and on his left the Countess of Dudley, mother of the bridegroom, though, in- deed, it was hard to believe so, the fair face being that rather of an elder sister, and one not much older. Several times during the service her eyes blinked as if to keep down rising tears, and the under- lip quivered. The widowed mother of half a dozen children must have something sad to muse upon when the eldest of them, having come to man's estate, takes unto himself a wife, and a new page is thus turned in the history of a family—in this case a family of noble descent, wide domains and great wealth. At the end of the service the bridal party passed into the vestry, whither the chief guests, at their head the Prince of Wales, accom- panied them to sign the register. The delay here was brief. The bride and groom appeared, and the swelling strains of "The Wedding March" thundered out from the organ as they slowly made their way down the church, the young Countess of Dudley smiling faintly and nodding to one or two special friends, whose eager looks of congratulation she wished to answer. The Prince of Wales, followed, bowing and smiling in acknowledgment of the greetings on either side from the many per- sonal friends assembled there. The rain was falling more persistently than ever. In despite of it people stood about under drippingumbrellas, when they were so fortunate as to have them, not only to cheer the happy pair and his Royal Highness, but also to watch the departing guests, who were invited to a reception at 37, Chesham-place, S.W., the town house of the Duke of Bedford. Thence, later in the after- noon, the Earl and Countes3 of Dudley left for Taplow Court, the residence of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Grenfell, where the early days of the honeymoon will be spent. The going-away dress was of fine cloth of a pale shade of dove, with bows of ribbon round the waist. The Tuscan yellow hat was trimmed with white ribbon and black feathers.

ENGLAND AND TURKEY. BRITISH OCCUPATION OF A TURKISH ISLAND. Intelligence was on Sunday received in Constants nople that a detachment from a British ironclad landed with cannon that morning on a small island off the west coast of the island of Mitylene, and occupied the place. On making inquiry on Monday at the Foreign Office and the Admiralty, the representative of Reuters Agency was informed that nothing waa known to confirm the reported occupation. The news of the British occupation of Sigri, off the island of Mitylene, was first known in London by the receipt of telegrams from the Continental Bourses with somewhat large offers of stock, Turkish securities being especially sold from Constantinople. At first there was a widespread disposition to regard the news as a canard concocted and circulated for the purpose of interfering with the successful issue of the financial negotiations understood to be on the point of conclusion by which Russia hopes shortly to raise a loan through the assistance of French financiers. Later advices seemed to give confirmation to the news, and prices on the Stock Exchange gave way all round the House. It was noticeable, however, that the fall was the heaviest in the department for American Railway shares and bonds. Continental Government bonds did not, on the average, recede more than £ per cent., while American Railway shares were, for active securities, fully 1 dol. lower at the close of the market than just before the news came to hand. International stocks have not been liked by London operators these two years past, and the political outlook during the past few days has not been such as to induce the market to modify its opinion. But while London is not largely interested in Continental Government bonds except so far as those stocks may be moderately held by investors, the reverse has been the case with American Railway securities. Not only are American Railway bonds largely held by British investors, but the speculative buying of shares during the last month by London has been very great, induced entirely by the magnificent crop prospects in the United States at a time when most European crops are deficient. Just before the news of the British occupation of Sigri came to hand the transactions of a 19-day account had been arranged, and transactions had been continued show- ing an advance in price of several dollars since the last settlement. Prices were again rising, and the feeling was most buoyant. The effect of the news was, nevertheless, confined to a drop of about one dollar in all active securities. Although, as stated, the news was not regarded without suspicion there was on all hands a disposition to argue that even taking the most serious view of a possible outbreak of hostilities, should the news be confirmed, America would benefit by Europe's misfortunes. A European war would mean a rise in the price of grain, and as the United States is now the granary of the world, trouble in Europe would only serve to enhance the profits of the American farmers and redound to the benefit of the American Trunk lines by the increased bulk of cereals which they would be called upon to carry to the Atlantic ports. Should the worst view of possible European complicatlOlJS. be realised, there would probably be a serious set-back in prices and a check to the present boom in American Railway securities, but it would be of a temporary character. It would appear that Monday s fall in prices, comparatively small though it was, quickly brought in fresh buyers. In banking circles the effect of the news was even less marked, and that is not surprising. Ever since November last bankers and capitalists have been working cautiously, and London is in a much better condition to stand any dislocation of trade through European political complications than it was 12 months ago.

• I HAva left all my fortune to my wife," said the philosophic spouse of a Xantippe, on condition that she shall marrv again." What is that for ? asked his legal adviser. I wished to be snre that some one will regret my death when I am gone," aeid the husband.

TERRIFIC EARTHQUAKE IN SALVADOR. The following message from San Salvador has been received, dated Sept. 9: Millions of dollars' worth of property have been destroyed and many lives lost in this Republic by an earthquake. Whole towns have been wiped out, and as far as present advices indicate hardly a city in the country, except along the coast, has escaped the awful effects of the convulsion. There have been indications for several days past that a seismic disturbance of more than usual power might be expected. The volcanoes of San Salvador, Sa i Miguel, and Izalco have been unsually active, and deep subterranean rumblings, with slight earth tremors, have been felt. Such things, however, are not uncommon, and although there was a feeling of un- easiness here yesterday evening, no great alarm was felt. At 1.55 this morning the earth began to shake, the wave having a strong vertical and oscillatory movement. Numbers of the inhabitants immediately rushed into the streets in their night-clothing, and, although the shock lasted only 20 seconds, yet before it had passed away a panic-stricken mob was making its way to the open country, while men, women, and children were shrieking and praying in the streets. The walls of houses cracked, and then tottered and fell. Meanwhile there was a deep and continuous rumbling like heavy thunder, while the sky became overcast and the air filled with a fine, penetrating dust. While the shock lasted the earth rose and fell in long waves, and even strong men were unable to keep their feet. As soon as possible after the dis- turbance, temporary shelters were thrown up wherever possible outside the city, but nearly all the men, and many women and children, had only the sky for a cover. All through the morning there have been slight shocks, and the inhabitants are afraid to re- turn to their houses. They are, however, making themselves as comfortable as possible in their im- provised quarters. President Ezeta is doing his utmost to stop the panic and to care for the homeless. The towns in the country have suffered more than the capital. Analquito and Comasagya have been completely de- stroyed, while Cojutepeque, Santa Tecla, San Pedro, and Masahuet have been so badly shaken as to be practically ruined. The shock was also plainly felt. and damage done at Santa Ana and Susimtepeque, which are fully 60 miles from here. Two persons have been killed in this city, and many others have had almost miraculous escapes. It is impossible now to estimate the number of fatalities in other places, but it is feared that they are many.

UNIFORMED SALESMEN. There must recently have been quite a flutter of anxiety, if not of indignation, in the breasts of dry- goods male clerks" (i.e., salesmen) in the city of New York. On the strength of a rumour that it was the intention of a large retail draper to put all his male assistants in uniform, the Dry Goods Economist gave some countenance to the novel idea, but at the same time cautiously invoked the opinions of the trade." If soldiers, policemen, and firemen were clad in uniform, why not shopmen ? What did the employers think of the proposal? We conceive, says the Drapers' Becord, it would not have been amiss to consult the assistants themselves in the first instance; but, at all events, some leading firms, probably with a pretty clear knowledge of the feelings of their employes, have responded to the invitation, and, as might have been anticipated, are, so far, of one accord in throwing cold water upon the sug- gestion. The correspondence is not voluminous, but it is significant, because the writers, while generally dismissing the question with brevity, have no doubt that an attempt to enforce such a rule would be promptly met with the resistance it deserves. What possible good, they properly ask. could be served by such a rule? The uniform in the army, navy, police, and fire brigades has not only its obvious use, but it is hardly conceivable that these services could efficiently discharge their special functions without such a means of recognition when on duty. But that is a reason which has no existence in the case of shopmen. It would be one of the humours of trading if we could imagine a customer bewildered to distinguish between another customer and a male assistant, particularly in a retail drapery business, where the male customer, in this country at least, is relatively a black swan. And the fun would be greatly heightened if we could imagine the shopman mistaking one of his colleagues for a cus- tomer, and urging the difficulty of identification as an excuse. Generally speaking, the assistant is on one side of the counter and the customer on the other, and, when not actually engaged, the former is supposed to be on the look-out for the latter. In the majority of cases the customer wears a bonnet; but even when of the same sex, his covered head distin- guishes him readily from an employe of the house. As no substantial reason can be given for such a pro- posal, there would not even be the plea of usefulness to reconcile the wearer, and the uniform would be regarded by everybody as a badge of servitude and a source of humiliation. For, say what we will, labour has not entirely freed itself from the false stigma which aristocratic superciliousness so persistently cast upon it for ages. Any attempt, therefore, to fasten a fresh humiliation upon the employed would be certain to provoke revolt. If the time should ever arrive when a similar proposal is seriously dis- cussed for England, we shall recommend as a sub- stitute the revival of the padlocked collar, with its inscription of ownership, as an equally distinctive and a more enduring badge of servitude.

ENGLAND AND THE CONGO STATE. RECALL OF MR. THOMSON'S EXPEDITION. Mr. Joseph Thomson (writes a London correspon- dent of the Leeds Mercury) is now returning to the Cape from the country north of the Zambesi, where he has been travelling for over a year in the interests of the British South Africa Company. For some months past, Mr. Thomson has been staying at Blan- tyre, the headquarters of the Scottish missionaries in Nyassaland, awaiting instructions to make a fresh start for Katanga, which was the goal of the expedi- tion under his leadership last year. Unfortunately, Mr. Thomson did not then reach M'Sims Kraal, his followers being terribly scourged by small-pox; and insurmountable difficulties presenting themselves, he was compelled to return, aftermakingnumerous treaties with the chiefs of the country south of Katanga, and consolidating British interests in an extensive district. Mr. Thomson had just received his expected in- structions, and was eagerly preparing to start once more on his perilous journey, when instructions came from the British Government put a stop to his expedition. The explanation of this is, I believe, to be found in the fact that King Leopold is very much incensed at Mr. Rhodes's attempts to secure Katanga for Great Britain. The King brought great pressure to bear on Lord Salisbury, and even, I am informed, went so far as to hint that France would eagerly exercise her option of purchase of the Congo Free State, and that rather than allow Katanga to be taken away from him he would hand over the Congo Free State to a Power which would be able to protect its interests, and would be by no means so complacent a neigh- bour to Great Britain as he himself was anxious to be. But whether this be so or not, the fact remains that Mr. Thomson's expedition has been countermanded by the British Government, and that Mr. Thomson is himself on his way home.

WHERE^TURSY^MONEY GOES. Writing on the subject of the Turkish Royal House- hold, Dr. Paul Desjardin says: The old kalfas, who have given up marrying, are the guardians of the traditions and customs of the harem. To them are confided all the valuable objects of the palace, such as the jewels, silverware, fur garments, shawls, embroideries, &c. When they die it is the Sultan who inherits everything found at their Court, includ- ing their personal savings. If an alaike who has quitted the palace dies without heirs, her kalfa, or mistress, inherits all her property. She is the legiti- mate heir according to Mussulman law the same as the Sultan is the heir to all the male and female slaves bought for the palace. It is by this wise pro- vision of the law that a part of what goes out of the national treasury returns to It sooner or later. If to the nomenclature already given of the women who constitute the elements of the imperial harem we add the musicians, the ballet corps, the actresses, the readers, and others, we shall reach a total minimum of more than 1500 women. It is therefore not sur- prising that Turkey finds great difficulty in meeting its financial obligations when it has to first of all satisfy the demands of the numerous imperial house- hold and harem.

IN Bali, an island in the Indian Archipelago east of Java, the burning of widows still goes on. THERE are still 14 different places on this globe where cannibalism is practised, but the custom is ^I^usid to'be a remark of Bishop Fraser's that he was to be found everywhere except at home, and this seems to be likewise the experience of Ur. Stubbs, the Bishop of Chester. The other day he was pre- senting the Reading High Schoo S^l^ wrth their prizes, and took occasion to refer to e little leisure which a busy bishop had to devote o general litera- ture. "Indeed, my dear young friends, said the worthy prelate, "there is but one book which I now find time to dip into at all. °ame beg.ns with a B. Perhaps you can guess at the title. Bible, exclaimed half the school, seeing only the bishop, and not knowing their man. "No; Bradshaw came the solemn correction; whereupon the gir s ushed in a body, and Dr. Stubbs smiled his own characteristic smile. AN extraordinarv case of mistaken identity occurred at Maidenhead on' Saturday. In the morning the body of a man was found in Cliveden Reach, and it was recognised by Superintendent Dowell and Ser- geant Meade as being that of a man named Hawkins. The police took the body to Hawkins s lodgings, where it was identified by the landlady. lhere was, however, not sufficient room in the house for the corpse, and it was removed to the mortuary of tie Cottage Hospital. At nine o'clock in the evening, to the consternation of his landlady, Hawkins walked J indoors. She was so frightened that she ran to the police, who the- proceeded to the hospital and found that a mistake had been made, the body being that of an ex-rural postman named Drake. IKI"

ALIEN IMMIGRATION. I The monthly return of alien immigration whiclJ has just been issued by the Board of Trade shows ) that in August the aliens arriving from Continental ports at the principal ports in the country (including, however, only deck or third-class passengers at Dover, Folkestone, and Harwich) numbered 14,528, as compared with 9415 in the corresponding month of last year. The increase was mainly in passen- gers known to be en route to America, the numbers of this class arriving in August having been 9817, as compared with 6027 in the corresponding month of last year. Of passengers not stated to be en route to America, but many of whom in fact either do pass on to some other destination or return to the Continent, the numbers arriving in August were 4711, as compared with 3388 in the corresponding month of last year, an increase of 1323. These figures can- not but be useful in dispelling erroneous ideas as to the magnitude of foreign immigration which have been so diligently propagated. There is a note to the return pointing out the mistake which has been made in some quarters to the effect that passengers not stated to be en route to America must be taken to come for settle- ment. The note states: The distinction made in this return between aliens not stated to be en route to America' and aliens en route to America' is due to the fact that the great majority of aliens who arrive from Continental ports are reported to be on the way to America, and it is considered desirable to record this fact. But it is not thereby implied that the aliens not stated to be en route to America' come to this country for settle- ment, there being, in fact, a large emigration of foreigners from this country, while many of the aliens arriving from the Continental ports return to the Continent."

TERRIBLE LYNCHING AFFAIR. The New Orleans Picayune reports an outrage upon a school teacher near Arcadia in this State. The school at which the young lady taught is two miles from her home. A few days ago, as she waa returning home, a negro met her in a lonely part of the road and attacked her. Throwing her down, he bound her arms with a rope and gagged her with her own pocket handkerchief. He then dragged her to the woods and tied her to a tree, where he kept her for two days and nights. Meantime the young lady was missed, and a search party started out to find her. She was dis- covered as stated, and told her story, though nearly dead with fatigue. She said that the negro had gone away for a time, but would soon return, and in order to capture him the party hid in the neighbourhood until the man returned to the spot. He soon put in an appearance, and before he could draw a large knife found upon him several strong men seized him. He was then tortured in the most horrible manner. He was literally skinned alive and cut to pieces, after which his bedy was left to the buzzards.

EMIGRATION TO ARGENTINA. TALES OP SUFFERING. Terrible indeed have been the experiences of the 30 emigrants who have returned from Argentina, and who have now been admitted as inmates of the South- ampton Workhouse, and no doubt details of their sufferings will be read with interest, especially by those who contemplate emigrating. In an interview, Mrs. Sheppard said that on Feb. 18 last she left Brad- ford, accompanied by her husband and seven chil- dren. They sold their home to go to Argentina, and they went from Liverpool by the Pacific Steam Navigation Company's steamer Sorata. After a passage of 21 days they reached Rio, and two days later Santos, where they went to the Emigrants' Home, which was like an old theatre. As many as 1000 people were there, all foreigners, and they all slept together on straw mattresses in the yard, having to run inside the building for shelter when it rained. From there they went to the St. Paulo Emigrants' Home, whore they slept on bare mats, without anything to oover them, and for food they bad bread, rice, and beans, which many could not eat. A German came and hired six families for a coffee plantation at Rio Padre five miles across the desert. On arrival there they found "niggers" and mud huts with mud floors covered with ant-hills. For three weeks their provisions consisted of bread, rice, and water. During the first week she lost her baby, eight months old. They walked five miles with a bullock-cart, whilst the dead baby was put into a little box and carried to a cemetery at Rio Padre. At the latter place they found an English gentlemen, who helped them, whilst they sold their goods and begged for money to get to St. Paulo. They remained there four months, having to pay about £3 a month for a single room. It was four months after leaving England before they were enabled to get a bed at all. Her husband being determined to come home went to the Consul at Santos, and he offered to send the woman and three little girls home. She also spoke highly of the kindness of the officers of the Royal Mail steamer Trent, who also assisted her to bring two of her little sons home. The tale of Mrs. Travers of Dublin was much worse. She left Dublin on Feb. 2 last with her husband and five chil- dren, but on Sunday she landed at Southampton with I only two children, her husband and three children having died. They left Liverpool she said by the same line as Mrs. Sheppard, having a free passage. On arrival at Rio they were put into hospital for five ( days. They had a very hard time of it. The time came for them to go, but she said that she was too ill to move. However, 10 families were made to go, including her own, and they went to St. Paulo, and got received into the emigrants' home, which was a fearfully dirty place, and there were worms in the food. They were all afterwards driven like sheep into a corn shed, to sleep, afterwards going up the mountains, where the men had got to work. Her baby was dying, and she went to the Italian master and asked for some milk for the infant, but he threw her downstairs. The baby died in convulsions at eight o'clock the next morning, and was to have been buried in a piece of calico, but she would not have this, and got a box with a great hole in it. After the body was put into it she broke a piece off another box to cover the hole, her husband afterwards walking five miles to the ceme- tery, and burying it. They went back to St. Paulo, where they remained for four months, afterwards re- turning to Santos. She nursed her next child, aged two years, at the breast for a fortnight to keep it alive. At Santos the British Consul gave them some money. On the following Tuesday she was taken ill with the yellow fever, and on Saturday, August 15, her next baby died on the 16th her husband died, and on the 18th another little boy, aged five years, followed. She was then sent to hospital, where she remained for nine days afterwards, having to leave, her berth being re- quired for someone else. The poor woman stated that they were all served alike, whilst one woman had to bury her baby under a hedge. She is a native of Blackrock, county Dublin. All these poor people appear to have suffered the same hardships, and are delighted to be once more in England.

IS KISSING DANGEROUS ? Not long ago," says the Chicago News, an eminent physician of the pessimistic East wrapped that melancholy region in profounder gloom by gravely announcing that kissing was dangerous. He drew a horrifying picture of the results sure to fol- low to the rash young man who should kiss a young lady, no matter how charming, who might happen to be suffering from phlegmonis, which is a contagious form of tonsilitis. This is a. pretty kind of report to spread abroad in the very midst of the summer holiday season. It is no wonder that the favourite resorts are deathly quiet this year; that there is nothing doing; that life in them is a dreary waste,a hope- less vacuity. But as usual the alert and warm hearted West has rushed to the rescue of the doubt-distracted human race. The Western Medical Reporter of this city, which hath a sound digestion and a merry droop in its other eyelid, denies with considerable excitement that kissing henceforth is only to be per- formed under strict asepsis. It gives the reliable, and strictly professional, opinion that, as a light and healthful system of calisthenics, a means of innocent and soulful recreation, a stimulus to intellectual and spiritual ambition, the process of osculation cannot be surpassed. There The great and fearless West hurls this defiant opinion in the very teeth of the Eastern driveller who says kissing must be stopped. That chill and timorous section may do asit pleases but it may be authoritatively declared that there will continue to be the usual amount of kissing west of the Alleghanies. In every instance also there will be two active participants, and the phlegmonis bugbear will have no show."

THE' BAD OLD TIMES. A burrower after facts that shall vindicate his praising of past times has unearthed, from the pages of the Gentleman's Magazine of a hundred and sixty years ago, a paragraph under date June 2, which runs: They write from Steyning, in Sussex, that ripe barley is now growing there and ready to be cut, yielding, as guessed, 16 bushels per acre." It does not follow, however, that 1731, the year in question, was not extraordinarily forward, and therefore by no means a fair sample of what he expected. We never, nowadays, have so severe a winter that it cannot be capped by severer in the "good old times;" our ancestors had floods that would have swallowed up the rainiest of our seasons; they were cursed by dire epidemics, and made loathsome to sight and touch by diseases that science has since won a mastery over. They were bad old times, and that is the truth about them.

MR: IRVING, who has already spent a great deal of money on the Lyceum Theatre, in London, has spared no expense in the alterations which have just been completed. Property has been purchased on both sides, so that a new entrance has been made to the stalls, and the streams of people do not meet, as was the case, at the top of the first stairs. AMONGST the other industries of the Tyne are fire- brick manufactures, which support an annual output of 673.915 tons of clay, value £101,092, or 3s. per ton At the mines iron and steel production; engine build- ing and mechanical engineering; chemical works; cement works; shipbuilding of all kinds, including war-vessels, and ordnance, large and small.

THE NEW PROPHETESS. Black and White contains, in its Women of the Hour series, the following account of Mrs. Besant's career, the earlier part of which is not generally known: It has not hitherto been recorded that Mrs. Besant belongs on the paternal side to the well-known family of the Woods, of whom one member, when Lord Mayor of London under George IV., so stoutly supported Queen Caroline, and later proved his prac- tical loyalty to the Royal family by paying the debts of the Duke of Kent, in order that the heir tc the British throne should be born on British soil Another Wood of that ilk became Lord Chancellor of England, and afterwards was created Baron of Hatherly; but Mrs. Besant's own father was born in Ireland of an Irish mother, and it is doubtless through her grandmother and mother that she in- herited the remarkable eloquence and power which has stood her in such good stead as a platform speaker. Annie Wood passed her youth in a delight- ful old house at Harrow under the care of her de- voted mother, and being taught all she would learn by Miss Marryat, a sister of the novelist; and this quiet, happy existence must have been a strange preamble to the eventful, harassed life which wai destined to be her lot in after years. The one inci- dent of Mrs. Besant's girlhood which bore any rela- tion whatever to her future work occurred in 1867, when Mrs. and Miss Wood were the guests of Lawyer Roberts," during the trial of the Man- chester Martyrs." The leading facts of Mrs. Besant's public life are too well known to need more than a brief reference. Since she made the acquaintance of the late Charles Bradlaugh to the present time she has always been work- ing hard for pothers, sometimes in a fashion that did not meet with universal approbation, oftener, as during the match-girl strike, in a manner which aroused enthusiasm in all those who were privileged to help her in her work. Mrs. Besant is a thorough Englishwoman. Nothing makes her so indignant as any attack on the liberty of the subject or infringement of public rights. She has been one of the most useful members of the School Board, rarely, if ever, missing a meeting and much regret has been expressed at the announcement that she is going to give up her work in that direction. Mrs. Besant's conversion to the doctrines of Theosophy came as a shock to the party with which she had been associated so long, but the chief of them all wrote of his late comrade not Jong before his death, Of this I am sure that, with Lessing, she always seeks for truth, and will never hesitate, whatever the personal consequence, to proclaim in turn each truth as she has found it." Even now the two villas, Nos. 17 and 19, Avenue- road, Regent's-park, in which what may be styled a select community of Theosophists live and work together seem pervaded with the presence of Madame Blavatsky, so strong was the personality of the Russian lady who exercised such an influence on Mrs. Besant's intellect and life. Her portrait hangs just above the chair in which her disciple and pupil receives visitors, and on another side the pretty Indian looking hall-sitting-room is a double photo- graph of H. P. B." and the grey-haired president of the society, Colonel Olcott; while in the conservatory branching off the reading-room and library some artistic member of the little colony of workers and thinkers has limned on the bare white-washed wall a striking counter-presentment of their late teacher and friend as she looked during the last years of her life, shielded by the love and affectionate esteem of the band she had gathered round her in England. Although always very busy and much-absorbed in the ever-increasing work entailed on her, Mrs. Besant answers questions patiently and courteously. Mrs. Besant informed a representative of Black and White that the letters she has been receiving from the Mahatmas were, some of them, answers to ques- tions," while "others were general directions." She further stated that she is going out to India for the purpose of lecturing, and cannot say whether she will see a Mahatma or not. She expects to be away for about three months, from November to February next. The letterpress is accompanied by a portrait, show- ing Mrs. Besant in a characteristic attitude, as she appears on the platform, and wearing the celebrated ring which Madame Blavatsky gave her. This ring, which has a very large seal, is said to have been received by Madame Blavatsky from one of the Eastern Mahatmas, and Mrs. Besant affirms that it is possessed of great magnetic force."

A RELIC OF THE PAST. Towards the close of last year Lieutenant Bower, who hunted down in Central Asia Dad Mahommed, the murderer of Mr. Dalgleish, obtained an ancient birch bark manuscript from the ruins of a buried city in the neighbourhood of Kuchar. The manu- script, which is composed of 33 leaves closely written on both sides, has now been examined by Dr. Rudolf Hoernle, who has succeeded in translating the greater part of it. At the last meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal he read a paper on it, in which he gave the following information: The work is written in Sanscrit verse (Sloka), and in the character known as the Northern class of the Nagari alphabet, of which three varieties occur in the course of the work. It appears to be a compendium of medicine, and is in 16 chapters. It was written by a Buddhist whose name has not been discovered. It begins with the Buddhist salutation to the Tathagatas, and i. prefaced by an introduction in which the writei states his purpose. "I am going to write an approved compendium (of medicine), called the Navanitala, based on the excellent system of the Maharshis as composed by them in olden times. Whatever is useful to men and women afflicted with various diseases, whatever is also useful for children, that will all be declared in this book. It will com- mend itself to those physicians whoso minds delight in conciseness; but on account of the multiplicity of its prescriptions it will also be welcome to those whose minds love many details." He then goes on to enumerate the contents of the various chapters into which his book is divided. The first chapter will give prescriptions of powders, the second of clari- Red butter, the third will be concerned with oils, the fourth will be about the mixtures which are used in the treatment of various diseases, the fifth will give descriptions of clysters, the sixth rules about elixirs, the seventh will be about gruels, the eighth about aphrodisiacs, the ninth about eyewashes, the 10th about hair dyes, the 11th will be concerned with applications of the yellow myrobalan, the 12th will be about bitumen, the 13th about castor oil, the 14th will be concerned with the treatment of children, the 15th will deal with the treatment of barren women, and, lastly, the 16th will be about the treatment of women who have children. These 16 chapters will constitute the Navanitaka. It should not be given to any one who has no son, nor to any one who has no brother, nor should it be taught to any one who has no disciple." Each chapter contains in versified form the author's prescriptions, from which it appears that clarified butter, oil, treacle, vinegar, and ginger are, when drunk, an instant remedy for lumbago. Gout and rheumatism yield to an ointment composed of thickened goats' milk and wheat flour, and an addi- tion of sesamum may be made with immediate ad- vantage. The second portion of the manuscript, which is on the reverse of the leaves, consists mainly of proverbial sayings in Sanscrit verse. A curious feature of this section is the system of enumeration, a set of three sayings, for instance, being indicated by simply varying the relative position of three flgllres-443, 434, 344. Six sayings are indi- cated by varying the position of the figures 341, thus 134, 413, 314, 143, 431. The numbers are indicated throughout by numeral letters, not figures, nor is the decimal system used. The tens, hundreds, &c., are indicated by separate signs, 16 being illus- trated by the symbols of 10 and six, and 25 by those of 20 and five. which, on the modem system, would give 106 and 205 respectively. There is a third section to the manuscript, which consists apparently of prayers and charms. The language, absurd through- out, is the ungrammatical Sanscrit, formerly known as the Gatha dialect, which was used for all literary purposes by the Northern and North-Western Bud- dhists outside the schools of Brahman learning in the centuries immediately before and after the commence- ment of the Christian era. The age of the present manuscript Dr. Hoernle places between 450 and 550 A..1)., certainly not later than the latter year, and it is thus the oldest Indian written book known to exist.

THE ALBERT MEDAL. The Queen has been graciously pleased to confer the decoration of the Albert Medal of the second class on Alfred John Cooper, fourth officer of the steamship Massilia, of Greenock. The following is an account of the services in respect of which the decoration has been conferred :—On April 8, 1890, at four minutes to eleven a.m., when the Massilia was some 500 miles from Aden, in the Indian Ocean, and going at the rate of 13 knots an hour, a native Indian seaman fell from the rigging into the water. On an alarm being raised, Cooper, who at the time the man fell overboard was in the saloon writing, at once ran up on deck, jumped overboard, swam to the man, and kept him afloat until they were picked up by the ship's boat at seven minutes past eleven a.m. Several sharks were seen hoveling round the ship at the moment the boat came alongside. Cooper was encumbered with his clothes and boots, and the Lascar at first gave some trouble by clinging to him.

TUB practice of placing green boughs of the eucalyptus or blue gum tree in sick-rooms as a disin- fectant is growing in Australia. Dr. Curgenven states that if placed under the bed in cases of scarlet fever they will thoroughly disinfect the couch and every article in the room. The volatile scent has also a favourable influence on consumptive patients, as an antiseptic and sedative, tending to promote THE first Mayor of London was Henry Fitz Ailwyn, appointed in 1189, who held office for 24 years The title of lord was prefixed by grant of Edward III., with the style of right honourable. IN one respect at least the Japanese are a very fortunate race. They are stated on good authority to have an almost entire immunity from scarlet fever. Even Baelz, who affirms that several mild cases of the disease amongst the people, as it shows itself in European countries, have come under his notice, admits that he has never seen it amongst Japanese mothers and children.

EPITOME OF NEWS. THE Yorkshire Post has announced the recent of »■ donation of £1000 to its fund in aid of the Lifeboat- Institution, which has just made a special appeal foJ help. The fund has been open only three days, and it already amounts to upwards of £1600. EVERY Ohio Republican used to wear in his coat lappel a tin button bearing a likeness of Mr. M'Kinley and the words, American Tin," as a campaign badge. It has just been learned that the buttons were made in Swansea, Wales, and, in consequence, they are rapidly disappearing. As a result of the diminution of crime no fewer than eight convict establishments, containing accom- modation for upwards of 6000 prisoners, have since 1882 been assigned to other public purposes—the prisons at Brixton, Chattenden, Fulham, Millbank, Pentonville, Woking (Male), and Wormwood Serubs. TIIE Queen has approved of the appointment by the Home Secretary of Mr. John Rose, of the Oxford Circuit, as a Metropolitan police .magistrate, in succession to the late Mr. Partridge. Mr. Rose, who was born in 1841, was called, in 1868, to the Bar at Gray's-inn, of which Inn he is a Bencher.. The salary attached to the police magistrateship is £1500 a year. As a method of raising revenue with promptitude, the Portuguese Government is about to make a new issue of postage stamps. It is said that this measure has been adopted under the belief that, in con- sequence of the strong and universal passion for collecting stamps, the present stock will soon become extinct, and its sale is expected to realise half » million sterling. DURING a recent drought in China, this proclamation was issued by a magistrate Obeying my superiors, this proclamation is issued, and again we beseech the favour of heaven. Sheep, hogs, and all such animals must not be slaughtered, nor must there be any barter in them. Chickens, ducks, fish and shrimp9 must not be sold for food. Onions and garlic must not be eaten. Let no one lightly nor negligently regard this. If anyone purposely disregard this pro- clamation, he will be brought before the magistrate, beaten, and made to wear the cangue." THE Sultan gave audience to the British Ambas- sador on Saturday, and the alleged misunderstand- ing is said to have been satisfactorily terminated. Another steamer, the Samos, bound from the Piraeus for Taganrog, has been detained by the Turkish authorities in the Dardanelles. THE French Military Manoeuvres were continued on Saturday and Sunday. At half-past two on Sun- day morning the appointed columns of the four Army Corps advanced against the enemy, and carried their position with great spirit, though in perfect order. In the after part of the day the troops were allowed complete rest. M. DUBOIS, a Professor of Hydrography, in the little town of St. Brieuc, on Saturday night mur- dered his wife and two children—boys of seven and eight—afterwards hanging himself. He left a letter to the Procureur de la Republique minutely de- scribing his crime. The wife was murdered in her sleep, but he took the children on his knees as if to fondle them, and then cut their throats. My wife was a saint," he wrote, so after killing her I must die too." Intense mathematical study had deranged his brain. ONE of the American boring ships, emploj^d at the Iron Gates in blowing up the rocks impeding the navigation of the Danube near Greben, cast anchor on Thursday morning of last week, before com- mencing boring operations, when, for some unknown reason, a case filled with dynamite suddenly ex- ploded. The deck, with four men on it, was blown into the air. The men were all blown to pieces, the small portions of their bodies falling into the water, or being scattered about the adjacent fields at a great distance. Six other men who were below deck were seriously injured. FOR some time past commercial circles in Italy have been complaining of the insufficiency of the small silver coinage, especially the two liras, one lira, and half-lira pieces. The scarcity is attributed to the fact that it had become profitable to export these coins. A decree of the Italian Treasury has accord- ingly been published, making a considerable increase in the tariff for the carriage of such coins by rail. SERIOUS floods are reported from the central and southern districts of Spain. Several villages in the province of Toledo have been destroyed, and many persons drowned. Traffie on the railway to Andalusia has been interrupted, and one train was thrown on the line, killing a station-master. THE Russian Government measures are quite un. equal to cope with the distress in the country, and that private charity will have to be largely called upon to stave off a famine. There is much dissatis- faction in the provinces at the negligence displayed by the authorities in keeping open the waterway of the Volga. Whereas the Marien Canal system has cost 30 millions of roubles, and that of St. Peters- burg 20 millions, next to nothing has been spent on the principal artery of Russia. It is stated that 10 millions would be sufficient to clear this magnificent stream, whose miserable condition (remarks the Mos- cow Vedomosti) is enough to soften the heart of stone." FIVE hundred Jews left Brozlaw, in PodoKa, Of Saturday, for America. A COLLISION took place on Saturday night off Sy** between the English steamer Semiramis and the Greek steamer Ephanossis, the former being sunk. The French steamer Ville de Nantes is also said to have been wrecked off the coast of Spain. THE British Government has chartered a steamef to go up the Yang-tze-Kiang to Ichang, where a Christian mission station, with the property of European merchants, was recently destroyed by Chinese incendiaries. A MUTINY is said to have broken out on board the Chilian cruiser Presidente Pinto in Hamburg docks- From Santiago it is stated that the authorities arc still searching there for ex-President Balmaceda, the belief being that he has taken a refuge in » monastery. MR. PARNELL, speaking at Listowel on Sunday, eS. pressed sympathy with the evicted tenants in Ireland, and intimated that, after the discharge of present claims, the Paris fund would be available for assisting them. The fact that a great many farmers in Ice- land had obtained reductions in their rents rendered it all the more reasonable that they should aid those tenants who had to suffer the pains of eviction. A RIFLE match between representatives of the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, and Gloucester took place at Avonmouth on Saturday, Middlesex proving the winners. THE first-class armoured cruiser Nelson, just fC* fitted at a cost of nearly £60,000, has passed out of the Sheerness hands, and is ready for further service. The Admiralty have ordered her to leave the MedwaV for Portsmouth this week, to replace the Duke of Wellington as sea-going guardship. AN inquest was held on Saturday as to the death of three working men who were drowned by the cap- sizing of a skiff at Isleworth. The survivor stated that he and the three men whose lives were lost en- gaged the boat at Blackfriars, and on their return homewards one of them stood up, and the boatturnedf over and threw them into the river. A verdict of "Accidental death" was returned. HERBERT ARTHUR GREEN, clerk, was charged, on his own confession, at the Westminster Police-court, on Saturday, with the murder of his child, Louisa, aged five years, by the administration of chlofodyne, at Brighton, on the 5th inst. The prisoner gave him- self up at Rochester-row Police-station on Friday, and there made a written statement to the effect that he bad taken his two little daughters to Brighton, and having first given them chlorodyne, he took them into the sea, intending to drown them and commit suicide. He failed in his attempt, which was not suspected, and his daughter Louisa subsequently died in the Brighton Hospital. He was himself afterwards charged at Brighton with attempting suicide. The police stated that these facts had been confirmed- The prisoner was remanded, pending his being sent to Brighton. DURING the past month a number of residents in Twickenham and St. Margaret's have been hoaxed by a middle-aged man, who took lodgings and othef rooms for the purpose of a scholastic establishment. He issued a document under the title, St. Margaret Grammar School," which stated that the head mastef was the author of certain works, and late of King* College, London. The circular promised the pupils a good classical and modem education. Testimonials from his Grace the Archbishop of York and tbe Prin- cipal of King's College were appended, and the school- master was also known to be in possession df two licences to preach (duly signed and sealed). The circulars were freely distributed throughout tbe locality, the school was opened, and scholars mighjj be seen occupying "the commodious class-room* The carpenter who supplied the desks saw them being carted away, though he had not been paid for theDV* The principal of the school toM him that he suddenly and unexpectedly been offered a living Jå Lancashire, and a short time afterwards it was found that he had quitted the locality, leaving his lodfci"#* and various accounts unpaid IT is said that in Scotland there are 146 panshelf enjoying the comfort of no paupers, or poor rates, or public-houses. THERE are more than 40,000 mud cabins in IreIaOO consisting of but a single room. THE most picturesque dress ever worn by English" men was that in vogue in the time of Charles I. M. IMFELD, the Swiss engineer, who is boring th' snows of Mont Blanc for the observatory of M. JanJI" sen, is lodging with eight workmen and two doctor at Yallot's Observatory, which is 4400 metres hiS.' and be goes with his men every day to continue b> labours on the summit. So far he has traces of a ridge of rock 18 to 20 metres below tn top, and covered to about one metre thick with snojj* They have, therefore, begun to tunnel horizon* into the snow at three points, about 12 metres the top, in order to see if they can strike this rldg higher up. Most of the men suffer from mat de tagne, but some eat, sleep, and work as well as if were in the valleys. In spite of two coke atoVtfnye Yallot's cabin the thermometer does not rise a zero; ink freezes, and water boils at 83 deg- &1': Hence their food is only parboiled, or, rather, P tially cooked. Two persons die every second. t RUSSIA is a country of fixed policies and Ministers; it has always pursued with great one ultimate purpose—the heirship to the O^to Empire—and its statesmen sometimes hold unbroken periods of 30 or 40 years.