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THE TICHBORNE TRIAL.
THE TICHBORNE TRIAL. This case wa" resumed on Friday, before the three Judges—the Lord Chief Justice, Mr. Justice Mellor, and Mr. Justice Lush. Before the trial re.commenc&d, an application was made to the Cmrt by the Attorney-General, in consequence of a oammunieatiou by the Lord Chief JU8tice with referenda to ••me publications supposed to affect the trial. The first in- timation had reference to the publication in the Leeds Evening Express ot the following letter from Mr. Guildford Onslow:— The Greve, Ropley, Hants, May 30, "Sir,—In raply to a rumour in Leeds tint I have deserted Slr Roger Tlchborne, I beg to state that I am more con- vinced than ever he is the man he represents himself to be. In spite of the terrible amount of perjury he has to contend with, I am conflden ly certain he will receive an honourable and triumphant acquittal. "Your obedient servant, GUILDFORD ONSLOW." At the sitting of the Court, The Attorney-General rose and said that, in consequence of the commulJicatbn addressed to him by the Court, he rose to apply for a rule against Mr. Appleyard, the publisher of the broadsheet reflecting on the character of the defendant in this case during the present trial. There was a similar application against the publishers of the Leeds Evening Express for publishing the letter above alludea to, as to which The Lord Chief Justice observed that the proprietors had expressed their regret for the publication. It would be proper, however, thAt the publisher of the paper should be called upon to answer, as it was necessary to ascertain how far the publication had been authorized. But as regarded the publishers of the other papers, which had only copied, and had expressed regret for the publication, the Court thought that the expressions of regrtt were sufficient; and so as to the publisher the broadsheet, which had been suppressed. The Attorney-General assented. The trial was then resumed, and the military head of evidence was continued. The first witness was Stephen Shepherd, who had enlisted in the regiment at Norwich in 1846, and afterwards became lance corporal, and was so until in 1852 he was discharged for ill health, jast before it went to Caut»rbury. He recol- lected Mr. Tionborne j lining the regiment ia 1819. Saw a gocd deal of him urilied with him. Often heard him speak, and had a perfect recollection of him. He saw the defendant on the 9'h of October, 1869, when the iaunl rd of tt-e Gre) hound "at, Win canton, where the witness reSidt8, cime to him and said that a gentleman desired to see him. From wbat he had heard he had no doubt that this was the person who represented himself to be Sir Roger Tichbome, and on arriving at the inn he found the defend- aIlt 8itting at a tahl". ihe deftJndant begl1n by putting out his hand to shake hand?, saying II I think that we lave met before, Mr. Shepherd." Witness lonked at him and said "Not that I am aware of" Ha said, "Oh, I think we have in Hand (meaning Ireland, but pronouncing it as the witness said, Iland). Witness replied by sayin? that if be wilhed him to become his witness he should be nry par- ticular in the question* he asked aud answered. The defend- ant said, "I alll not come down to get any evidence, or to get you as a witness. I have got 240 witnesses on my side. I've merely come down to take a glass of wine with you." Witness said, "Supposlrg you be Sir R. Tlchborne, if you can answer the questions I put, I will go and swear you are Sir Roger in any court. Supposinll you to be Mr. Tichbome, can you tell me who marked your table utensils when you first joined the regiment 1" He hesitated, and could not think for some time, and at last he said, I think it was one of the women." I also asked him if he could tell me the way in which the regiment formed up on the day they left Dublin for Canterbury. Witness said, Tell me the way the service men we"e formed and where the iftvaUded men were formed." He could not tell. Then witness asked him if he recollected anything that occurred with Colonel J one. during the In. spection of the men. His reply was "There's no such person as Colonel Jones in the regiment." (Colonel Jones was ftnt the Major and then Colonel, and was the other day examined as a witness.) Witness said that was nonsense, as he had his discharge signed by that officer. The de'endant then said, Oh, yes, there was a Cornel Jones." Witness then asked if he could tell the livery his servant wore In the regiment, and he could not tell Witness asked him if he could tell the way the troops turned out of the barracks to go to the drill-field at Cahir, and that was the only thing he answered correctly. The defendant asked him if he could recognize him by his features as Mr. Tichborne and witness said he thought he looked a little like him about the eyes. He said, "You recognize me, then, by my eyes?" Witness said, No, but by this light your eyes resemble his." In point of fact, the witness said, Mr Tichbome's own servant marked his things with paint, but it appeared that the man servant was mar- ried. Then, &8 to the forming of the troops, the men for ser. vice were first drawn up in Mne for Canterbury, and the invalided men were drawn up separately. Colonel Jones inspected them, and then turned round to the men who were leaving, and said "Good-bye, men God bless you! I'<r losing some of my best men," and h. took oat his pockethandkerchief and seemed overpowered. At that time the witness stated the regiment was leaving for India, and there was a medical Inspection, and the men unfit for service were Invalided. As to the "livery" of the servant, he wore none—that is he wore no family livery, but a plain suit of black. In the coarse of the conversation the defendant said he had had an interview with General Custance, who had denounced him as an impostor, and afterwards sent to him and recalled his words, and < nered to lend him any money to prosecute his claim. (General Custance was a witness for the defendant on the former trial.) During the conversation witness Invited him to his house, in order to see him by daylight, and he said he would com-, and witness had waited all day for him in vain, and on sending to the inn found that he had left early in the morning Asked if he had formed an opinion whether the defendant is Roger Tichbome, the witness said.—My opinion is that he is no more Roger Tichbome than I am. Mr. Tichborne was so thin that if he had been fed from that time to this, with a view to getting fat, he could not possibly have become so fat as the defendant h. Then, again, Mr. Tichbome's hair was dark and quite straight; the defendant's, when I slaw him, was not so dark as it is now. and it curled or turned up at the end and the sides. The Foreman It was not so dark as it is now ?—No. The Lord Ctiief Justice Are you sure of that ?—I am. Mr. Kenealy (in cross-exam'nation): Are yon prepared to swear that hi. hair is not of the same colour aa it waa then?-I am prepared to swear to the b-st of my know- ledge and tteUef and I am prepared to swear that It was curled. Did you at first suppose him to be Sir Roger?—No, I did not. When you mentioned Colonel Jonas he said there was no such person ?—Yes, he did. And when I said I had my dis- charge signed by the Colonel, he said, Oh! by the by, I do remember him. Did he not ssy he had written to the Colonel complaining or his calling him an Impostor ?-No, I do not recollect that. (The letter of the defendant to Colonel Jones was In May, and this interview was in June.) The witness, being pressed on this point, would not swear positively. You said his eyes resembled Roger's ?—Something about them reminded me of hh. Was there not something about the forehead also ?—No. Have you any recollection of seeing Roger with his head uncovered ?—No. You were annoyed he did not keep his engagement with you?—Well, I thought It very strange, especially as he said he came down to see me. Did you communicate with the family?—Yes: Lord ArundeL Did you know him before ?—No and don't known him now. But, being an inspector of police, I mentioned it to him on the bench, and heard from him afterwards, and gan my evidence to Mr. Bowkar. I was applied to by the other side, and said I thought he did not behave like a gentleman, in going away like that, and that I should give evidence ajtaimt him. Re-examined, the witness said he had often seen Mr. Tichbome In his forage cap, which shows the forehead and hair. The Lord Chief Justice It is usual when a new officer joins the regiment to have his things marked 1—Yes. Mr. Justice Lush You say the defendant shook hands ™7ou and invited you to drink ?—Yes. Did Roger Tichborne ever do so ?—Never, nor any JMtlee Not after a loner absence 1—No. I nised me at oncT' "°me y6a" at Exeter He reco8" Me»or You saw the officers of the regiment who have given evidence of this trial ?—Tes 5 ^Dld you recognize them, and did they recognise you?- Mr. Justice Lush Did they all know you ?—Yes (The .witness, it will be observed, had left the reslment In 1852—a year before Roger Tichborne left England.) The next witness was Charles Bacon, a remarkably fine stout man, a sergeant in the regiment, who had Joined in 1850 and had been in It ever since. He remembered Roger Tichborne, and knew him until he left. Hav? you seen the defendant ?—I have I saw him at the last trial while he was being cross-examined, and I have seen him since, as well as to day. Is he the Roger Tichborne yen knew?—Decidedly not. Wh) not?—His appearance—voiee—everything. Had he any particular accent?—French accent. He spoke broken English. Mr. Kenealy: When you say his "appearance," do you mean his weighing 26 stone?—Nothing except that—except his voice. Now, as to his voice. Have you ever conversed with Mr. Tichborne ?—No, but I have often heard him speak. Was he in-kneed ?-He was weak 18 the knees. Did you notice that he had small hands and feet r- Yes, he had. Did you notice a habit of moving his eyebrows up and down ?—Yes, in conversation. In re-examination he said he had often heard Mr. Tich- borne speik, having been dally at drill with him. Are you still of opinion that the defendant La not Roger Ti ihborne ?—Decidedly not The Lord Chief Juetice.—Why do you say so ?—His appear- ance. That is, you say, his stoutness ?—Yes. But a man may become stout ?—But Roger Tlchborne was not a man ever to grow to such a s'za. He was then set," and ha1. no tendency to grow stout; he was not.a man ever to become even 14 stone in weight. Well, as to the size of his handt; do you mean small even in proportion to his general size?—Yes they were very smalL Mr. Justice Mellor He was not a man who would, in your judgment, develope into a stout man?—No. Now, you, I observe, are a stout man your3elf. Will you allow me to ask you what weight you were twenty years ago?—About ten stone, but all my family were always incliaed to b9 stout, ana I was always stouter than Mr. Tlchberne. What was his voice ?—It wai clear and soft. A Juror: Do you see In the defendant a11Y resemblance to Mr. Tichborne?—Not the slightest Anything to remind you of him ?-Not the least. Is it a common thing for soldiers to forget their officers ?— Not at all; I well remember the name and appearance of all the officers I hive had. The nex:; witness was John Hinraba", who entered the regiment in 1:45, and was in Roi;er Tichbome's troop He often saw him, and heard him speak, and had a pood re, c"l1ection of him. He had seen the.,defendant, and was cer- tain that he was not Roger Tkhborne. Being asked why, he said His nose in a great EeaMi^j," which the witness tried to describ?, but W88 vary coutused about it. He said he was a very slight mail. Mr. Kenealy, In cross-examination, elicited that Tlchborne had long hands and feet, and was weak in his walk, but not In-kneed." The next witness, John Irwin, sergeant-saddler in the 6th Carabineers, said I was born in the regiment, and am with itnow. Irememhor Mr. Tichborne joining aud leaving the regiment. I have seen the detendam fonr times. He is not the Mr. Roger Tlchborne I knew In the regiment. He is not in the least like him. Cross-examined: There is no llkenesa about the eyes or hatr. Roger had a very shuffling walk. He was a very awkward man. By the Lord Chief Justice: I had many opportunities of seeing Roger's thumb. It had not the peculiarity of the defendant's thumb. By Mr. Justice Mellor: He remained much about the same size whilst he was in the regiment. By a Juryman It never occurred to me that he was in- kneed. The next witness was William Harry Peachy, troop ser- geant-major of the Carabineers I joined the regiment In December, 1861, and have been in it ever since. I have frequently seen the defendant. In my judgment he is not Roger Charles tichborne. The photograph of the real Roger produced by the prose- cution was shown to the witnsss, and he Identified it. The next witness was Mr. Charles Granville Burke, one of the Masters of the Court of Common Fleas in Ireland, second son of Sir John Burke, who had a sister married to the late Lord Clanricarde, and another sister (Ann) who married Sir Henry Tichborne. He was living to Dublin in 1849, and knew Roger Tichborne familiarly. Indeed, he was asked to call upon him immediately upon bis arrival, and was the means of introducing him to Lady Burke, Lady Clanricarde, and the other members of the family. The following were the passages In the defendant's cross- examination aa to this subject:— "Did you go much into society in Dublin?—No, not very much. Did you at all 1-1 used to go occasionally to a bail. Where?—Different places where the balls have been held I suppose you went to balls where the balls were held; what I want ta know Is where the balls were held?—There were one or two balls held at the Castle, and one or two private balls I went to. The balls were at the Castle, and the levies as well were there ?—There were balls at the Cast'e. To which you wenU-Yes. And private balls?—I did not fay private balls, I suppose so. Private hal's- where ? Give me the name of any private gentleman where you went to a ball In Dublin?—! do not remember the names now. Did you dine out in Dublin ?—Yes, a good many times. Where ?—I do not remember where. Cannot you give me the name of any gentleman?—No. Not one gentleman witl1 whom you formed an acqu.aintance 7- No. What I want to know is the name of any one In Ireland whom you went to visit or associated with I-A. lot of people. It is quite impossible to tax my memory. There was a Mr. Burke and a Mr. Reece. Who is Mr. Burke ?— Why, he is Mr. Burke I suppose. What was he ?—I am sure I do not know—a gentleman, I suppose. What hap- pened to you with Mr. Burke?—What happened? Yes, you say )ou knew him. Did you ride with him, or what?—Yes, I believe we went out riding together. Can you tell me anything more of Mr. Burke?—I do not know what more you want to know about him. Had you anything to do at any time in your life with a Lady Clanricarde ?—Yes, there was a Lady Clanricarde in Ireland. Did you know her?— I believe I did not well. though. Whese die you know her 1—I think at the Deases' I met her. Where did the Dasses live?—They lived in Dublin. You met Laiy Cian- rlcarde at the Deases', did you 1-1 think, to tthe beat of 19¥ rocoliection-yo8. Will you swear you spoke to Lady Clam- ricardein your life ?—Yt s, I will swear. Lady Clanricarde ?— Yes. At the Deases' ?—I will not say at the Deases', but I know I have spoken to her. Where?—In Ireland. Where will yen swear you ever spoke to Lady Clanricarde?—I cannot re- member where it was, but I am under the beiief that it was at the Deases'. Was she an old lady or a young lady?—She was not a very young lady. Was she a very ola lady ?—.No middle-aged. Who was Lady Clanricude do you recollect anything about her?—I do not know what her family con- nexions were. Did you know Lord Clanricarde or Sir Edward Clanricarde?—I do not know sir El ward Clanricarde. Did you know Lord Clanricarde ?—Well, I cannot say that I do. Did you 1-1 believe I did. Was he with Lady ClanrIcarde 1 —No. I do not think when I met Lady Clanricarde there was anyone with her—not of the same name." The witness said he invited Riger te his house, and he dined here and visited him, and witness frequently met him at Lady Clanricarde's and Howth Castle and other places. He met him at Lady Bnrke's, the Lord-Lieutenant's, and other phces. He knew lady Clanricarde was very kind to him, b-ing extremely attached to her sister and very anxious to show him every possible attention. Witness deacrifed him as a polite, well bred gentleman in appearance and manner a Frenchman. He met Roger, he Baiti, senral tiwel-at least half a dozen times—at Lady Clanricarde's, and in all probability much oftener. He knew the tamUyaf the Deases, who did not live In Dublin and only came there occ asionally. (The defendant had xpoken of thun as living there) The witness remembered Roger perfectly well he was about 6ft. 8in., and slight and slim In form; so as to wtiih under 10 stonr. He was badly made be was sallow in complexion, and had straight, thin, dark-brown ha:r. His eye a seemed a blulm grey and bit nose straight; but of these features the wituess was not Sq certain as of hi8 general appearance. His v Ice was s..ft, hh manners polite, his accent that of a Frenchman. He was fond of society and of danclsg, and had, in fact, the tastes of a young French gentlenan, and he danced at witness's house On one occasion, when he called casually and was asked to stay to a little family dance, witness lent him coat and gloves, and his gloves fitted him exactly. There was no peculiarity at all about either of his thumbs. Asked a* to whether it would be correct to describe the Castle of Dublin as in St. Jimes's District," as the defendant had done, he said there was no such district. The Castle was a long way from the river on a hill, and no one could, without entire loss of memory or knowledge, describe it as "on the river" (as the defendant had done). It would be Impossible for any one who knew the place, unless he had totally lost memory, to describe the Castle as with a terrace and steps leading down to the river (alluding to the defendant's cross- examination). The Castle was a quarter of a mile from the river; It was surrounded by intervening houses, and had no connexion of any kind with the river. The witness went on to atate tbat the defendant Dever made any communica- tion to him, and it was not until 1871 he saw the defendant. He saw him then several timea; onee would have contented him, but he did, In fact, see him several times. He un- hesitatingly formed the opinion that he was not the man, and that his story was not even well got up. A photograph of the Claimant had been shown to him, as if it was that of Roger Tichborne, but, after looking at it very attentively, he said there was not a trace of resemblance He was atter- wards shown another photograph of the defendant. You have already expressed your opinion as to the defen- dant 1-There is no resemblance whatever. Cress-examined by Mr. Kenealy: There Is no St. James's district or parish in Dublin and though there is a James- street, It is half a mile from the Castle. Is not the Castle near the river 1—No doubt, It is within half a quarter of a mile. In what parish is the Castle ?—St. Werburgh's. Did you take any particular notice of Mr. Tichbome's hands or feet ?—No I never anal) ze my friends. Shown the "tnumb" photographs, he observed the pecu- liarity which answers to the defendant's but said he had never seen it in Roger Tichbome. Do not ladles go to Levels in Dublin ?—No. Never?—Never during the thirty-five years I have known Dublin. Did yon know Sir Edward Clanricarde 1-No, there is no such person, nor has there been since 1611. (This alluded to a passage in the cross-examination of the defendant above-mentioned, Did you know Lard Clanricarde or Sir El ward Clanricarde ?) In re-examination, Mr. Burke said he was quite certain he haa met Roger Tichborne repeatedly at Lady Clanricarde's and at Howth Castle The Lord Chief Justice.—Had you opportunities of ob- serving his capacity for joining In conversation ?—Certainly, he was fully equal to the average of young men. Did you observe any peculiar motion of the eyes or eye- brows ?—Never. Not when animated ?—No, nothing of that kind. His manner was that of a Frenchman, and he gesticulated a great deal. Mr. Justice Mellor Was there anything In the voice of the defendant which remmded you of Roger Tichborne 1-00 the contrary, it was the exact opposite of Roger Tichborne. It was thoroughly English as opposed to thoroughly French. And the accent?—It was just the opposite of Tichborne's. It was thoroughly English. Captain John V. Hail, R.N., residing in Hampstead-ioad, said In 18611 went to Sidney to take charge of a shipping company for couveying tbe mails to Panama. I left Sydney in the Ricaio as passenger defendant was also a passenger. I did not go further than Panama. I àld not aee see muck of hIm on board. I had ahort conversations wMoh him on gyeral subjects. It struck mc that the defendant showed great ignorance in reading the complimentary speech to the captain. Mr. Richard Redman, clerk te Mr. Smith, wharfinger Thames-street: In July, 1857, I left Liverpool in the Donald M Kay for Melbourne, and reached there in October of that year. I went Into the interior of the country. About the end of 1858 I was at a sheep-shearing station ca led "No- where Else," about 70 or 80 miles to the north of G'enorchy. It was the first station that commenced sheep-shearing that season. I engaged myself for sheep washing. The hut- keeper had to look after it, an 1 cook for thi men. The men eat, fleep, and live in the hut. The hut-keeper was called Arthur. Have you seen him recently ?—There he sits (pointing to the defendant). Witness He wanted to drop the name of Arthur and to be called Doctor. He had another name, T think Orton or Horton, but I could not swear to it. He said he knew Wap. plrg and the London Docks far better than I did. He spoke of his father being a butcher there, and supplying shipping with meat. His brother George, he said, was the captain of an Easfc Indiaman. There was no French or loroign accent about his voice he was a regular cockney (laughter) He spoke of Melllpilla and Valparaiso, and Broomes the fighting men, and Morgan, the bushranger. They were generally the subject of his conversation. I worked further south, taking all sorts of bush work. The Lord Chief Justice Except bush-ranging, I hope. Witness Yes. In 1861 I got to Melbourne, and came home and got employment with the Victoria Dock Company, and then with my present employers. The nature of my evidence was not known to the prosecution until May last, when I voluntarily wrote to you. When I saw the defendant in court I immediately recognised him. Cross-examined I was induced to come forward from seeing in the papers that the Lord Chief Justice had ex- pressed an opinion that the evidence of his identity up to a given point after he was a boy was weak. Cross-examined Did you think there would be a failure of justice if you did not come forward ?—Not at all. I believe justice will be done. (Laughter.) I thought I might as well come forward and state what I knew. I only remember the name of the defendant and another man I worked with. By a Juryman Defendant was about 13 or 14 stone at this time. My impression was that he was acquainted with the names of the bushrangers and those adventurers. By the Lord Chief Justice All the men slept in the hut on rough-bark beds, with sheep skins over them. We covered ourselves with blankets. It is a rough life in the bush. By Mr. Justice Mellor: Our food at the run was mutton and bread and at the stations beef and bread—no vege- tables. Robert Haywood, carman, living in Lower Pelham-street: I worked with Mr Tnomas Halstead, Lower East Smlthfteld. I knew Arthur when he wnstan or eleven years of age. He was called slobbering Orton." I remember his first going to sea. I never saw him a.; ain until about five weeks ago. I firmly believe the defendant to be the boy we used bo call "slobuering Orton. Cross-examined: I recognise the features when a boy. The Court then again adjourned. On Monday morning, the trial was resumed, when the Court opened &t a quarter to eleven instead of half- past ten. The Lord Chief Justice, on taking his seat, said that there had been a meeting of the judges, which bad prevented their lordships being in court at the time fixed. Major John Foster, examined by Mr. Serjeant Parry: I am not now in the army. I was formerly In the Cara- bineers. I joined them in 1847 and left in 1859. I remeoiber Roger Tichoorne joining the reriment. That was in October, 1849 When he first joined the regiment I saw him daily for pix: or seven months. Then the regiment was dispersed, and l was at Limerick and he was at Cahir. Then I was subsequently absent on sick leave until three months prior to Roger Ttchhorne leaving. While the regI- ment was dispersed I did not see him. I was lieutenant when he joined, and a captain when he left. I knew him thoroughly so as to be able to recognise hiin If he were alive. I believe 1 was the first person who saw him when he Joined. He was put under my charge, and the first thing I did was to take him down to the hairdresser to have his hair cut. 1 went with him also to Mr. Hunt, a cigar dealer, and ordered a supply Qf cigars. 1 was in the tame troop with him until Aplii, 1850. I remember that be had a difficulty in express- iug himself. He used French idioms, which he translated into English. I remember a nhrase he used to a young lady iu a btll room, namely, "You profit by the fl'ie time to make a promenade." lie used to say, "What fQr you «io this?" aud s;,e*k other sentences similarly. I re- member be visited Lsviy Clanricarde. I believe it was the first time he ""fnt to din?. He a6ked me what dress 11., should wear, at d I hu abn^sed him. I ?>ud prohanly thf* Duke of Cambridge and other big men wUl be them, and you had better go in full uniform. Ho did 30, helmet and all. Afterward? became to me at the theatre cip-a-pie, and said, "Ab, what for you tell me to go In my full dress. There was no one there but my old aunt ?" (laughter ) The Lord Chief Juatice quoted from one of R)ger Tich- bome's letters referring to a dinner at Lady Clanricarde's, "The party was rather small." Examination resumed I recollect at Cahir that there was around rohin signed by aU the subalterns and addressed to Colonel Hay, requesting him to put Tichborne on orderly duty. Colonel Hay replied, Well, if he cm march the guard off to-morrow morning I will do so." The next morn- ing the guard were assembled, and Colonel Hay said to him -"No.w Tichborne, open the ranks and march the guard off" Tichborne said, "Open de ranks, march (laughter.) Colonel Hay thereupon turned to the subalterns, and said, "YQU 8ee gentlemen, can you expect me to put him ou duty?" He studied his hardest to perfect himself in his drill We were so struck by his apparent want of education and intellect that we thought his education had been designedly neglected. I nemember talking to him about his military examination. I said, It must have been a per- fect farce. It was perfectly absurd to pass you He said, "No, it was very difficult; they did ask me many difficult questions." I said, Tell me one question they asked you." He taid, They asked me who Charles the Fifth was, and the principal battles which were fought during his reigo, and I told them." He told me a great deal more than I knew, and I appreciated it accordingly. The Lord Chief Justice Then he was not a mere Igno- ramus? Witmss: Certainly not, my lord. Examination resumed I remember that I assisted at the inspection of the clothes. We found a box of snuff and a tea-pot among them, and he emptied the snuff-box into the tea-pot. (Laughter.) I know that he was very fond of his snuff. I don't remember his box of snuff biing taken away from him at any time. He could sing French songs, and once a week, after mess, he used to sing French songs in a mild little voice. The Lord Chief Justice: Did he sing ia tune? Witness: Oh, yes. His ordinary voice was a mild, little voice. He was a slight, slim man. He had no hips. I recollect that the master tailor bad to amx hooks to his coat in order to keep his sword-belt up. A great many practical jokes were played upon him—almost nightly. Thev were played among us all. One IiÍght we were push- ing the women into bis room, aid he did not like it. I said to him, "On religious and conscientious grounds do you object ?" He said he did I then aaid, "I beg your pardon, then; I will ueyer do it again." He wore charms On that very evening I saw a quantity of them. I do not know whether there was a cross there. I remember his hunting. In his manners and habits he was a perfect gentleman in every way. I never Jaw anything to induce me to believe he was fond of low sOC1ety-quite the contrary. He hil.d B nickname, "M. Teech." I first heard of the defendant being in England through Mr. Casey, a Roman Catholic priest, who was living within four miles of me, and I wrote to him abont It. I waa sincerely desirous of recoc- nistng Roger Tichborne again, if this were the man. In order to get an interview with him, I wrote a letter oa Oct. 6,1-67. proposing a meeting at Teuton's Hotel. In reply, I received a letter from the defendant, and in consequence of that I received a visit from him at Lewisham. When he was announced, I said, "Let him come In," and the <1aimant was shown in. He came Into the room wlshout putting the door to. I said, You are not Tichborne." He said, There is no harm in calling, I hope." I said, "No." He turaed round, and was out a shot. M'Cann, who was ia the service ot the defendant, came to me a week before, and I recogniied him at once, though I had not seen him for twelve years. My friends say I have an extra- ordinsry memory for faces. I spoke to M'Cann, and told him to go and get his tea. He said it was very hard the way that the Claimant was treated, and that he was sur- rounded by detectives and others. I also saw the defendant on the late trial. I heard him examined. The voice was as unlrke that of Roger Tichborne ss anything I evar heard. TfHl see the defendant now. Is he Reger Tichbome ?—I should say most certairly not. [ The witness was then cross-examined by Dr. Kenealy, and re-examined by Mr. Serjeant Parry.] Hie Lord Chief Justice: When practical jokes, if I may so call them, ware played upon Tiehborne by the introduc- tion 01 persons of a certain class Into his rooms, haa they reference to any personal peculiarity at all ? Witness Not in the least. By Mr Justice Lush.—I saw Tiehborne the day before he left regiment, and at that time he had the øame 8treng French accent as when he joined the regiment, and used French idioms in the same way. By Mr. Justice Mellor.—When I said that Roger Tiehborne had a mild little voice, I meant that it was a' thin voice in contradistinction to the defendant's voice which I call a gruff thick voice By the Jury: Tichbome was not a good walker. He did not walk like a dragoon. I never saw his arms bare. He never played cricket or racquat. By the Bench The photographs were shown to me by Mr. Bowker, Roger Tichborne was thin in his face. I never noticed anything very peculiar in his walk. Mr. Edward M'Evoy, examined by Mr. Hawkins, said I reside at Tobertynan, In the county Meath. I am member for tlut county. I was in the Carabineers when Roger Tlchhorne j,)loe<1. He and I were the only Catholic otticerB iu the regiment. I knew him well. He was not in my troop. 1 saw a good deal of him while we were together In the regiment for eix months. I have a dis inct recolUc-ion of hla persoual appearance and his voice. I kuew him more in the Portobello Barracks than in Society. I observed more Qt him, Inasmuch as we were the only Catholic officers in the regiment. I remember his hatr and his complexion. He spoke ilka a Frenchman, and us-d many French words m speaking English. As to his tastes and habits, he was a very quiet, well-meaning lad, who had not seen much of the world before joining the regtment. I think he felt himself rather out of place in a barrack. I never saw him but once afterwards. That was In the beginning ot 1851, in Dublin. There is no town called Meath. There is only the county. 1 never remember Roger Tichborne going to the county of Meath with me. He never met any ladies named French with me I was lieutenant when I left the regiment. I was called Mac" shortly by those who knew me, Roger Tichborne was a simple minded, good iad. I think he was a person whom people would have been glad to welcome baek —I should, certainly. In 1867 I saw rumours in a paper that he had returned to England In the beginning or middle ef Mareh I met Mr. Holmes. I met Major Scillman, casually, in Trafalgar-square. He asked me if I had not heard that Tichborne had come back. I afterwards saw Mr. Holmes in consequence. Major Stillman having promised to introduce me to him. I met Mr. Holmes a few days afterwards with Major Stulman, and he took the oppor- tunity of introducing him. We had a conversation on the subject. I said I should be only too glad to do anything I could for Tichbome, if he had returned. Mr. Holmes said he would mention the matter to the gentleman he called Sir Roger Tichborne, and that he would call on me at the Army and Navy Club. He did not call there, and left a card for me. I was not there at the time. Afterwards I saw Mr. Holmes again, and In consequence of that second conversa- tion I got an Invitation to go down to Croyden. Mr. Holmes said he was a good deal altered, and he hoped that I should not come to any sudden conclusion.^ i said, I will examine him carefully, and give my opinion." I went to Essex Lodge and had an interview with the defendant, and after a long conversation with him I arrived at the conclusion he was not Roger Tichbome. By Mr. Justice Lush I left the defendant without giving him any intimation what opinion I had formed. I left with the strong opinion I have expressed to-day—that he is not Tichborne. Alexander Cummlngs I am stableman In the employ of Messrs. Fawcett, tea dealers, Dublin. I joined the Carabi- neers in 1846, and left In 1811. I knew Roger Charles Tich- borne. The defendant is not Roger Tichborne. By a Juryman Roger Tichborne did not set Captain Polhill-Turner right or wrong. I am quite certain he did not give the word of commanu. Did you ever hear a junior officer give the word of com- mand ?-No, and he would not be thanked for It if he did. (Laughter). Mr. Thomas Samuel Richardson: I am a veterinary sur- geon of Clonmel. I remember the Carabineers being there in 1851. I knew some of the officers. I knew Mr. Roger Tichbome from attending to his horses. I saw the defendant In 1871. He is not the Roger Tichborne I knew. Cross-examined He was a thin, sallow-complexloned man, with dark brown hair. Lord St. Lawrence was the next witness. He is son of Lord Howth, at whose castle Rpger Tichbome used to visit. Howth Castle is nine miles fpom Dublin by the road, and six miles across the bay. Its situation is remarkable, seated on a promontory forming one side of Dublin Bay. (The de- fendant had said it was two miles from Dublin, and could give no other description of it.) Roger was a very distant connexion of his family, and he saw him white his regiment was in Dublin. In April, 1869, he was in London, in St. JamesVplace, and remembered a card being sent up with the name of iir R. Tichborne. Understanding it was the claimant, be desired that he should be shown up. On his entering he affected a cordial greeting, by oomlng up smiling and hold- ing out his band. I bowed to him, said Lord St. Lawrence, and preceeded to put to him a series of rapid questions. I aiked him how far Howth Castle was from Dublin. He an- swered evasively, as he did all through, and I do not re- member his answer. I asked him as to the distance, and his reply was of that evasive nature which conveys no in- formation. His answer might or might not be correct, it was so evasive. My questions were confined to distance and location, and I asked hnn especially if he remembered walking from Dublin to Howth? His reply was evasive, and I don't remember what it was. There was nothing in hb manner or appearance which reminded me of Roger Tichbome. Mr. Kenealy in cross-examination He was more than five minutes with me not much more. Had you made up your mind against him 1-1 was preju- diced against him. Had jou spoken of him as an Imposter ?—Naturally. Your relations had spoken to you about him ?—Yes. Tney had spoken of him as an imposter ?—They had. Naturally, therefore, you were prejudiced against him ?- I was. But I saw at once that he was not the same figure as Ro.'er Tlchborne. Witness went on to say he had not had a good character of the claimant, and had some one present to observe what passed at the interview in case he should afterwards misre- present it. Did you ask him any other questions than about Howth Castle ?—Well, I had nothing else to ask him ab ut. What did you ask him as to distance ?—I asked him whether the Cassia was not two miles from Dnblln. DUl you not think that rather dishonourable to suggest that it was two miles when you knew it to be nine ?—Well, I did not think it was dishonouraDie, or I should net have done What did he answer?—I tell you it was evasive; but I cannot recollect exactly. He did not contradict me as to dis- What did you ask him?—I ^hether he remem- bered walking from Howth to i/iiDiin with me, not above two miles. Oh, then, you not only suggested to him a false distance, but a false fact?—You may call it so, but I do not. I knew well that if he was the man he pretended to be he would know the real distance. Did Roger ever walk that walk with you ?—Never. It was a'together untrue, then .—It was. Was it the trap? "—Yes Was it not the suggestio falsi. the suggestion of a false- hood ?—No, it was not. Tne Lord Chief Justice: You may call It a trap," but I see nothing wrong in it at all ,?ve a suspicion that a man is guilty "f fraud and falsehood, there is no haam in putting a question which tends to show it. Mr. Kenealy: Oh, my lord, I think that it is wrong in any case to suggest a lie. The Lord Chief Justice: It i» not a lie, and that is a ) very offensive and unwarrantable imputation to make upon the witness. Mr. Kenealy: What did the defendant answer to your question ?—He answered to the effect that he had walked with me that distance. Did he answer more than one question ?—Yes. What where they ?—I can't recollect. I put them down but my deek was stolen. When he had been with you a few minutes, did you rise, wave your hand, and say, I dont know you?"—Yes. As If to dismiss him f—Yes. Did you have a conversation with one Preston with refer- enoe to the defendant and say, By 0-, he's the man." Lord St. Lawrence (with surprise).—No You deny that ?—Most certainly. In re-examinatlon Lord St Lawrf-nceattd he lrd b:-en anxious not to fe$the claimant, and had ouly seen him at the request of Mr. Ouslow. He had never takan any part against him at all, and took no interest in the calle. The questions he put to him were only to test him, and if he had been the man he professed to be he would have known the truth. The Lord Chief Justice ? Did you see much of Roger ?—No I was a good deal away from Howth when he was there. The defendant said in his evidence you and Roger were very good friends.—So we were, but not intimate. He said he went to Howth to see you ?—He may have done so, but I was not there. Mr. Onslow asked you to see the defendant 1—Yes. Then, it is not true, as the defendant stated, that you asked him to ask the defendant to come and see you?—No, it is not. The next witness was a Mr. Hallam, who had been present at the interview between Lord St. Lawrence and the de. fendant, which he described. The next witness was one of the old inhabitants of Tich- borne. He was an aft fid labourer named Etheridga, who had lived there, he said, 74 years. He remembered Roger Tich- borne. he said, well, and If he should see him again he should know him. He often used to see Roper, whose dog once chased a favourite cat of his, and witness hit the dog with bis fl til and stopped St. and Roger complained to Mm of his stiikmg h's dog. ('ho defendant's version of this was that he hud killed the cat wl'h li> = whi;>, and th^t the nun after him with his flail.) I should kno^v him again," said the witness, JfI W8stoFoe him; bnt. [have never seen Mm since h., WII8 then at l'Idlborn¡>. I have never seen him since." A few years ago on the road from Tichborne to Alresford, I met a big, stout man, who a*ked me the way to Tichbome, ano. I pointed to the church. He asked me who was the clerk there, and I told bim. He asked me my name, and I told him. He gave me some money to drink, and on my return I met him again, and he Rpoke to me and ) he said, There's a good deal of talk about Sir Roger Tich- borne coming back." "Uh,' says I, ht;11 never come back." He said, "You don't think I am he, then!" "No," says I, I'm —— if you are." (This the defendant had denied in his cross-examination.) Now, look at the defendant, do you see"hlm 7-0h, yel. Is he Roger Tichborne ?—Oh, no. George Page I am a horse breaker, living in Hampshire. I was a groom to Colonel Greenwood. I knew Roger Tich- bome. The defendant is no more Roger Tichborne than I am. j Cross-examined I don't know how old Roger was when I knew him. I never looked into his mouth. (Laughter.) The Court then again adjourned.
INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION.
INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION. On Friday evening, in last week, a county meeting was held in the Festival Concert Room, York, its object being to support Mr. H. Richard, M.P., who will shortly submit to the House of Commons the fol- lowing resolution:— "That an humble address be presented to her Majesty, praying that she will be graciously pleased to instruct her Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to enter into communication with foreign Powers with a view to the iurther improvement of International Law, and the esta- blishment 0( a general and permanent system of Interna- tional Arbitration." There was a numerous attendance, about 1,500 persons being present, and Mr. G. Leeman, M.P., was called to the chair. Letters were read from the Archbishop, Mr. J. Lowther, M.P., and other gentle- men who were unable to attend the meeting. The Rev. S. Flood, of Leeds, moved— That this meeting regard it as a reproach to civilization and Christianity that no system of International Arbitration exists for the adjustment of differences between nations by an appeal to reason and Justice. ( Sir J. Meek seconded the resolution. I Mr. Richard, M P,, was the next speaker. He depicted the awful realities and cost of war, and ob- served that there were 3,000,000 or 4,000 000 men in the armies and navies of Europe, and that £ 400,000,000 was taken every year from the produce of tbe labour of the people of Europe in order to be poured into the was taken every year from the produce of the labour of the people of Europe in order to be poured into the unfathomable gulf of military expenditure. He con- cluded by urging the adoption, as far as possible, of the principle of arbitration. The motion was carried unanimously. Mr. J. Jewitt, of Leeds, moved the following pe- tition To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled,—The humble petition of the inhabitants of the City of York in public meeting as- sembled, respectfully showeth, that your petitioners have heard with pleasure that a proposal for the establishment of a system of Internatlooal Arbitration is about to be latd be, for. your Honourable House. Your petitioners, believing that such a system would greatly tend to lessen the fre- quency of war, earnestly pray your Honourable House to give such proposal your sanction and support." Mr. S. W. North seconded the motion in an able speech, and it was supported by the Rev. H. Tarrant, of Leeds, and the Rev. F. B. Meyer, of York. The j motion was carried.
THE THREATENED STRIKE IN THE…
THE THREATENED STRIKE IN THE LONDON BUILDING TRADE. On Saturday a special general meeting of the mem- bers of the London lodges (28 in number) of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners was held at the Hall of Science, Old-street, St. Luke's, for the purpose of considering the position to be taken by the society in reference to the movement now in pro- gress in the building trade in London for an immediate j advance of a halfpenny per hour on the present rate of wages. Mr. Harrison occupied the chair, and a depu- tation from the Executive Council of the society, I which is located at Manchester, was also in attendance. No person was admitted into the hall without pro- I ducing his card of membership. About 2,000 persons were present. The Chairman opened the proceedings by reading a copy of the memorial sent in to the Master Builders' Association by the Carpenters' Advance of Wages Committee, requesting an immediate advance of half- penny per hour in the rate of wages, and the corres- pondence which had taken place between the two com, mittees upon the question. The last letter of the masters' committee refused to receive a deputation, or to make any advance in the rate of wages this vear but stated their willingness to give the additional halfpenny per hour on the 1st of March, 1874, coupled with the conditions that from the same date the present rule of regulating extra pay- ment for overtime must be altered, and that one o'clock be the hour for leaving work on Satur- day instead of twelve o'clock as at present. The Chairman stated that if the London members decided upon standing out for the full terms of the memorial they would receive the benefit of the moral and pecuniary support of the Executive Council and all the branches of the society throughout the country, a sup- port which they did not receive during the struggle of last year. A long discussion ensued, and eventually the follow- ing resolutions were adopted, and followed by loud cheering:— That In the opinion of this meeting of members of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners, th6 terms offered by the Master Builders' Association in reply to our memorial are very unsatisfactory, inasmuch as if we accept them it will be the means of placing us at the mercy of the employers, and deprive us of those privileges which we fought so hard to obtain last year and further, this meeting pledges itself to support our managing committee to resist these terms to the utmost." "That in the opinion of this'meetlng, In order to carry out the foregoing resolution, it is desirable to place a weekly levy on our members in the London District; the said levy to be paid to the managing oommlttee." On Saturday night a largely attended meeting of the delegates to the_Carpenters'^Advance of W a;:es Move- ment, representing both society and non- society men, was held at the Brown Bear," Broad street, Blooms- bury, for the purpose of considering the report and re- solutions to be submitted to the next aggregate meeting of the trade. After some introductory remarks from the Chairman, and the reading of the resolutions adopted at the meeting of the members of the Amal- gamated Society, Mr. Charles Matkin, the secretary, proceeded to read the report of the committee, detailing its work up to the present time. In the discussion which followed it was stated that the mssons had decided upon ceasing work on Satur- day, the 19th of July if the !d. per hour advance was not then conceded. The propriety of ceasing work on the same day as the masons was considered; but eventually the following resolution was adopted by a large majority:— That in the event of the master builders not conceding the terms of our memorial before the 1st of August next, we take aotlon on that date to enforce the same." It was also resolved that on no account should the trade revert to one o'clock as the hour for leaving work on Saturdays. It was further resolved, that the masters' committee having refused to receive a deputa- tion from the men, no arbitration should take place. The chairman, resolutions, and speakers for the aggre- gate meeting having been appointed, and some financial business transacted, the proceedings terminated.
"HOSPITAL SUNDAY" IN LONDON.
"HOSPITAL SUNDAY" IN LONDON. At seme 800 churches and chapels of all denomina- tions in the metropolitan district on Sunday sermons were preached and collections were made, both morn- ing and evening, in aid of the hospitals of London. Their Royal Highne^e* the Prince and Princess of Wales, with the Duke of Edinburgh, attended the mid- day Communion service at St. Paul's, which was crowded. The Corporation of London also attended the service in state, and, besides, went to Westmin- ster Abbey in the afternoon. Referring to this great and successful effort In the cause of humanity, '1 he Times of Monday hai the following leader :— The Metropolis has iust witnessed the success of an undertaking without parallel in the social and religious history of modern times. The congregations of the great majority of the places of worship in London and its suburbs, reinforced, moreover, by many who do not habitually attend places of worship at all, were united in the pursuit of a common object and in the acknow- ledgment of a common obligation. The claims of the sick poor were urged from several hundred pulpits, not on any ground of expediency, or of economy, or even of benevolence, but mainly on the broad principle that their recognition forms an essential part of the life dictated by every form of Christianity. The appeal had gone home to the hearts of all classes of the com- munity, and in the Metropolitan Cathedral the eye ranged easily from the Heir Apparent, and from the t representatives of civic wealth and munificence to an assemblage largely composed of persons manifestly of humble station, but who were neither less devout nor less liberal than those whom fortune had more highly favoured. The several preachers, as far as the nature of their sermons has at present been made known to us, descanted more or less eloquently upon the beauty of Charity, and upon the sufferings of those wbom the organization of the day was intended to relieve and, as merely ordinary liberality would be inadequate to the occasion, we must hope that the responses made to them by their hearers will be found to surpass even the anticipations of the sanguine. So far, everything is well; and there can be no doubt that Hos- pital Sunday will from this time forward be an established institution. It is possible *eac* to many indirect advantages, and that the bond now for the first time established among the Charities to be assisted may ultimately produce benebcial changes in various points connected with their management. Hospitals have hitherto been in some sense rival insti- tutions and their rivalry has been a prolific source of wasteful and unnecessary expenditure. Every step which tends to place them upon a common basis, and to unite instead of dividing them, will increase their means of doing good to the sufferers who are admitted within their doors. There can be little doubt that many of the Ministers of religion who made collections yesterday will already ba looking with somti cornplacency at the tCMut oi their work. But to a non-clerical mind almost the first re- flection that will be suggested by the events of the day will be surprise that the various preachers have been so slow to recognize the power of the lever which has been placed, mainly by lay agency, within their gra«p On all tides there are complaints of the difficulty ot doing ppiritual^work among the masses, complaints of modern indifference and scepticism, complaints of the slow pro- gress of Christianity, and painful lookings back towards the traditions of more primitive and more enthusiastic times. It is manifest that the true remedy for these complaints might be found by careful study of the ideas which now predominate among the people, and that the human mind would respond as powerfully and as promptly as at any former period to teachers who would bo at the pains necessary to difcern the key-note they should strike. In the case before us it is well-known that the proposal w establish a Hospital Sunday in London was at first positively discouraged by ecclesiastical dignitaries and thtt even when seen to be inevitab'e it was accepted with a certain degree of coldness or reluctance. When the occasion comes, we hear ar,d read of a style of preaching epsentially similar to that in which it is customary to bring the wants of some siuglø Charity before some single congregation, and we look in vain for any adequate recognition of the significance of the combined action of the day. It has often been said that, in dealing with the poor and the uneducated it is necessary to do good to their bodies in order to benefit their souls; and we must for the future admit the power of a common object of human sympathy in bringing the masses within the reach of spiritual influence and of spiritual instruction. We hear already of the great dissatisfac- tion felt and expressed by the attendants at the few churches and chapels where the officiating ministers have refused to take part in the preceedinga, and we cannot but feel that these ministers have lost something of their hold upon the intelligence and the affections of their people. But we look in vain for any indications that the preachers by whom the cause of the Hospitals was advocated have seized upon this opportunity of strengthening their hold, of pressing home the influence that Gospel teaching would exert upon many other of the more dark and cheerless aspects of life, and of convincing those who heard them—perhaps for the first and last time—that Christianity is something higher and better than a system or a creed. This is a practical age, in which the estimation of professors by their fruits is the daily habit of many who are ignorant or regardless of the divine sanction which may be pleaded forthecustom. Among the operative classes especially, whose Sunday leisure often seems to them too precious to be given up to churches or chapels, and who in many instances listen eagerly to the professors of very shallow forma of dis- belief, the spectacle of this union of all denominations of worshippers in the performance of an act of Charity would exert a moat powerful rfhct. The overflowing congregations of yesterday must have included hun- dreds—nay, thousands—of persons to whom the in- terior of a church would be unfamiliar, and who would be attracted thither by blended feelings of curiosity and kindliness—feelings eminently helpful to any preacher who could pier .-e through the crust of habitual apathy in others by some loosening of the chains of convention from himself. If the oppor- tunities thus afforded were neither perceived nor utilized, a chance which has seldom before presented itself to ministers of religion has been not so much lost as thrown away. Happily, it is one which may return, and, as regards the classes which are the despair of the religious, it may even return with greater ad- vantages in its train. The organization which worked so well yesterday was the result of the labour of only two or three months, and the cir- cumstances of the Metropolis differ so widely from those of even the largest provincial towns that the experience gained in them would scarcely solve a single doubt or remove a single difficulty. Next year the experience of London itself will be brought to bear upon every part of the arrangements, and the Committee will have ample time at their disposal. The plan, pursued with advantage elsewhere, of instituting a Saturday collection in shops and warehouses will almost certainly be followed and endeavours will pro- bably be made to induce Clubs and kindred societies of working men to attend Divine Service in their cor- porate capacity, and thus to bring even the Saturday gifts within the range of the religious element in the appeal. There can be little doubt that, as far as places of worship are concerned, the collections will next year be universal; for the difficulty interposed by pnor arrangements will then, of course, be wholly removed, and the feeling of congregations upon the matter will plainly be too strong for even unwilling ministers to resist. Before Hospital Sunday comes round once more, we truat that the leaders of thought among the clergy of all denominations will have taken the true measure of the magnitude and the advantages of the occasion. It should prove to them that sympathy with suffering and distress is a power by which, even in these latter days, they may sway the minds and consciences of men with a force to which no other is even remotely comparable and it will certainly bring to them, in a mood open to the recep- tion of their teaching, a class of hearers whom it should be their firet object to win and to retain.
[No title]
The Lord Mayor of London has received the follow- ing communication from the Queen in relation to the Hospital Sunday :— Buckingham Palace, June 16th, 1873. II My L')rd,-I am commanded by the Queen-whose ab- sence from London prevented her Majesty irom contributing personally t > the collection made yesterday in all the churches and chape18 in the meTopoiis in aid of the hospitals and du- pemartes-to forward to your lordship a cheqae tor ODe I hunlred guineas as a donation from her Majesty t,) the fund. I —I have the honour to be, my lord, your obsoient humble eervant, T. M. BlDDULPH. The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor."
UJisrcHamras Intelligence.
UJisrcHamras Intelligence. HOME, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL, ALL THE DIFFERENCE.—The agricultural cor- respondent of the Independence Beige remarks that the great difference bet ween English agricultural machinery and implements, and those produced by other coun- tries, is that the makers of the first know how to adapt theirs to the varying conditions of the countries for which they are destined with reference to climate, soil, habits, &c., while those from other countries are adapted only for the country where they were manu- factured. BALLOON YOYAGE TO EUROPE.—The Boston Board of Aldermen, according to an American paper, has voted 5 000 dollars towards an aerial ship in which Professors Wise and Donaldson, well known aeronauts, and two others will sail on the 4th July, from Boston for Eurepe. Wise believes there are at a certain height continuous air currents from west to east moving 100 miles an hour, caused by centrifugal force generated by the revolution of the earth. He resolves to test the truth of the theory, and calculates on reaching England within two days. Great confidence in the undertaking is expressed by the experienced aeronauts the Franklin Institute is co-operating. BEECHER ON SUDDEN DEATH.—In a recent Sunday morning sermon, the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher said, with reference to sudden death :— One of the things for which I pray is that my life may go out in my fuil manhood and suddenly, and that I may not leak out drop by drop. To me this is the idea of purgatory. The Roman Catholics believe in purgatory, and I also be- lieve in it because I have seen it—where an old mau that has become a burden to everyone, so that you look the other way when you think of him and prefer to think of what he was rather than what he it. God forbid that I should go to heaven through such a purgatory as this." STRAWBERRY GROWING BY SOLDIERS. — Amongst the industries in which soldiers employ their leisure in France not the least is strawberry cultiva- tion." At Bagnolet, near Paris, 300 soldiers from the forts of Rosny and Romajnville are dady occupied for six hours in watering the strawberries. The fruit is picked from each plant eight times in a year, the second gathering taking place four days after the first, the four next at intervals of three days, and the two next in ten days. In a good season the growers gather at one time five baskets per 100 yards, or 600 per hectare (a trifle over two acres.) As each basket is sold at Is. 3d.. the eight gather- ings bring in about JE260 per hectare. The grower, how- ever, spends full JB140 on the cultivation of his ground, his clear profit being about .£120. A WONDERFUL AGRICULTURAL MACHINE.— Our enterprising American cousins are not content with machines designed to perform ordinary operations in agriculture, but they devise extraordinary opeaations, and then proceed to invent machines to carry them out. In this country we are satisfied to wait awhile after reaping before we begin to plough for another crop (says the Iron). At St. Louis, Illinois, a machine is being built which is designed to cut and take up grain, and at the same time to plough and seed the ground. Surely the ingenuity of agricultural machinists cannot transcend this. VIENNA UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1873.—An international horse show in connexion with this Exhibi- tion will be held at Vienna from the 18¡;h to the 27th of September next. The immediate management of the show has been intrusted to a special committee under the presidency of his Excellency Count Giiinne, Master of the Horse to His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, and with the concurrence of bis Excellency Baron de Schwarz Senborn, the Chief Manager of the Vienna Universal Exhibition. Horses will be received from the 15th till the 17th of September inclusive, and will be arranged for exhibition according to the breeds and varieties found in the respective countries. All horses exhibited will be entitled to compete for the prizes, which will consist of medals, honourable men- tion. and testimonials, and to agricultural breeders of limited means, of money prises. A certificate of merit will be presen ted with the awards.^ The j ury, of whiah his Excellency Count Grunne will offipiate as presi- dent, will consist of accredited authorities of all coun- tries from which horsts are sent to the Exhibition. On the last day of the horse show (September 27) a public auction will be held for the sale of any animals exhi- bitors may wish to dispose of in this manner, par- ticulars of which will be published in due course. THE EDUCATION ACT AMENDMENT BILL.— Mr. Foster's Elementary Education Act (1870) Amend- ment Bill has been printed. It consists of twenty- seven clauses and four schedules. The first two clauses are preliminary, Clauses 3 and 4 contain the provisions respecting the payment of the school fees of poor children which it is proposed to substitute for Denison's Act and the 25th clause of the Education Act; clauses K ^°J refer to the mode of election of school boards; and the remaining clauses contain a number of miscellaneous amendments of the original act. The rules laid down by the Education Department for the election of the London School Board, and the general regulations for the first elections of school boards ia boroughs are incorporated in the Act, and are to con- tinue in force until revoked by any order made under the provisions of the Act. It is also provided that any poll at a school-board election shall, so far as circumstances admit, be conducted in like manner in which the poll at a contested municipal election is directed by the Ballot Act, 1872, to be conducted," SCIENTIFIC RESULT OF SMOKING physiologist has discovered that toba boys" iuterferes with the molecular chi with development of tis^ies, and on corpuscles oval, aud irregulur at the tdj, can thus ascertain if his boy smokes b out a handful of his blood corpusclei their edges! A TELEGRAPH SHIP ON FIRE.- wai created at Notth Woolwich on Sa the outbreak of a fire on board Mr. He steamship La Plata, which was lying factjry with about 300 miles of subn: connecting France and Denmark in te] About seven o'clock, one of the wor the space between the tanks which h< get some rope, and whilst he was s tarred rope ignited, and the whole was ately ablaze. The land fire engine, kept in readiness in the works, was without delay, the hose being run ou and on board in a few minutes by pracl at the same time steam was got U1 engine on deck, and plenty of water p the river. The flames and smoke rose rigging, and the doom of the ship IIe4 but there was plenty of assistance, thE 3,000 hands employed on the works, an raw-of-war's boat, with a crew of t Volunteers, happened to be cruisiner and rendered most efficient help. (Jor water were poured down through holes of the saloon, immediately beneath wh raging, and in about two hours from was completely swamped out. The ca was found on examination to be scuroel] a few miles at one end. A CURIOUS AND VALUABLE ( the most curious gems which has ever < attention of connoisseurs is, according 1 Herald, in the possession of Dr. Ri county, and is pronounced by jewellei be "among the most exquisite of natu Experts in gems have been puzzled to tinct name, and certainly, if the accou correct, it must be a remarkable stone, by a Huron Indian on the shores of and is a compound of four classes of rated together so as to constitute a pet beauty. The stones comprised in it nelian, perite, and crystal; among othi features it possesses is the appearance as if from the hand of an engraver, 01 to a miniature crown, the clearly defi black-and-tan dog, the head of an owl, the shores of little lakes, and other rec mena, rarely, if ever, found in stones o
EPITOME OF J
EPITOME OF J BRITISH AND FOBBIfl Mr. Joseph Arch, the President of I Labourers' Union, is about to visit the 1 response to numerous invitations from the Atlantic. It is stated that the Geographical S will receive considerable pecuniary aid fron they apply for it, towards the expenses < exploring expedition interior of Afrioa. A German in New York-Herr Gem at the Vienna Exhibition a single rieJin of which he asks the modest price of ten thou a prospsctus, he claims to have discover* only of making violins possessing all the tone of any one of the old masters, but also improvements of which they knew nothing. Their Imperial Highnesses the Cza] Grand Duchess Czirena of Russia—the sist of Wales—ariived in the Thames on Mom landed shortly after one o'clock at the W ( pier. The Prince and Princess of Wales w osive their Imperial visitors, and the Ro Ambassadors were also in attendance. At Bordeaux, one day last week, t Senegal had taken up its posiMon near the eighty persons standing on a temporary the vessel with the land, were suddenly prt water by the woodwork giving way, and 11 The rest were saved. The strike of platelayers upon the Railway II at an end, and it baa termini the mtn Those of the men whom the C( sented to accept back have all ret terms on which ,hey went out. Some wl active part in bringing about the strike engaged. The men seugM an increase of and a half far over woifc, and other conc holiday passes for theeoselves and wives. The death is anaooaeed of Dr. J. most celebrated Amerloan anthropologii generation. He was born in 1804. and ent profession early. He practised at Colua lina, and at Mobile for many years until I in 1881, which compelled him to quit thE junction with the late Mr. G. R. Guddon, 1 of two important works, "Types of Man] genous Races of the Earth," published in spectlvely. The Shah of Persia has conferred t: Sun and Lion, In brilliants, on Prince Bismi eldest son, Count Herbert von Bismarck, same decoration In a less distinguished for! An American proposes, for the bene musical talent, a grand national conservat opera, to which those who have shown sati taste in music may be admitted for gratuib a profession which will furnish the means and honourably to the well-behaved, and to the more gifted. Such a sehool, the wriM on the basis and plan of the Pirls Conse ministered conscientiously in the history 01 in a few years make the country indepenc marte for operatic stars, and enable it to orchestras and choruses, to say nothing consideration of educating public taste t< of the higher standard ot art." An extraordinary series of measure liojite i lUudS, has oeen at length matuj stop the panic ou the Bourse. Credits are principal btukmg establishments to purch: of securities which otherwise would suffer t on, to make the required ad ance 9 on suspend the forced sales of stock Opera arrangements commenced on Monday. An innovation at one of the agricul ceutly held ia the vioinity of Q-lasgow, wai of women to act as jaoges in certain class locil paper, their judgment is likely to be me than that of judges of the other sex. The circumstance that has excite astonishment in Berlin with regard to the mous amount of jewellery which he and wear about their persons. The epaulets, described as "great masses of large diamt emerald in the middle." The Taskurghan Chancellor of t hard up for funds, has according to the rendered marriage compulsory, only then that pays the parson. Thus every widow and pay a marriage fee of 20 tangu, or tangas; while maidens are to be married 1 and pay 30 tangas as marriage fee. The Privy Council return of the nu animals brought to purto in Great Britaink tion, during the month of May, gives a tot —10 cattle, 32 sheep, l swine. All the ani were shipped at Hamburg. A newspaper correspondent, writing shire, states that grouse have been dylnf numbers from disease all through May, a ported by the shepherds to be very scan reported to be greatest along the Queensbt above Rich ills, and on the hiils about & head of the Dryte. The prospects of othei at an average. A treaty for the suppression of th slave trade was signed by tbe Saltan of ZiM instant, and on the saml day the slave 181 was closed. According to the Eeontmi Bartle Frets is of opinion that Italy, by position, is specially qualified to take part ot the East African coast, and this view h communicated to the Italian Government. A new process of preserviag meat hi covered, and is likely to prove moat valu Court Journal). Mr. Frank Buckland din May, wi h a friend who placed upon the pheasant's and a hare. One pheasant had 19th of last December, the other on the 191 and the hare at about the same time. Al nounced them to have been "just fit for tl there WII a slight taste of something us side. They bad been preserved by some pr patent is to be at once taken out. If th prove successful there will be no difficulty dead meat traffic with Australia and New Z The bells used as a signal for olos Exhibition every evening having been foui iogenioul Italian has inveii tea a Iteam trumpet is eight feet long, and proporth with a steam pressure on the metal mo fifteen pounds the performers can wak visitor in the Exhibition. Occasionally, fc put on a pressure of. four .atm08pher. 1 old ladies thirteen miles oft. One of humoriatic papers of I follow ng"M nsleur X was oomfort snoring .n orchestra stall at a theatre, « to name. The occupant of the adjoinin patience, proceeded to awaken him. 'Si X-, rubbiog his eyas, is it forbidden ( pieces V But you make toe much noise.' perhaps, frem hearing the play }' 'On I hinder me from sleeping; and force me t what I cemplain of.' There are halfpennies in the worlc That was the prloe which a specimen of Great s coinage fetched at the sale of the collection, aud collectors may be of opil halfpenny was cheap at the figure. A do Edward VI. changed hands for £165. and a Quseu Elizabeth tor,ul. A Queen Anns'] tne very respectable sum of £ 4210s., and hi for j66 and j67. The death of Colonel French reduce members of Parliament eleeted before, or d dissolution of 1832, to Mr Gladstone, Coloi Lord Ernest Bruce, Mr. Hutt, Sir George ( Wilson-Patten. These comprise all the whose first election to Parliament occurrec years ago, and still retain a seat in the lei which has written its name in undying ch past history of England. The Independence of Brusaels menti traorflinary case of fecundity has recen Faxhe-Sdns, in Belgium. A woman name given birth to four children, three boys anc fectly formed and in good health. The inj and. like the mother, doing welL The hw ing man earning rt. 60s. per day. His fan consisted of five children, has thus been si to nine. Senor Salmeron has been elected I Spanish Cortes, and entered upon his dutle week. At the fitting on that day it was an separation of Church and State would be programme of the Government.' At a Cat the previous day the finance Minister pr< leagues that a war contribution of three of reals should be levied, that the taxes st six months in advance, aDd that some ne introduced. On Friday night the major held a meeting, at which they appointed a' rection, with Senor Castelar as President ment made by the Foreign Minister in th. day, it appears that the United States anc the only two Powers which have yet recogi Republic. Tae Minister, however, expresi other Powers would soon follow their exan The sittings cf the fifty-fourth annus the Primitive Methoulat Connection, held brought to a close on Saturday, after extern of eleven days. In the course of the pre was read from Mr. Joseph Baxter, offering among the conuectional Institutions prot worth between £ 4,000 and £5 000 also thE hig pvi■/i-hed works in the defence of ( hear:y n unanimous ttiiuas of the Cenl seiited :or this munificent gift. A widow the Conference which had been saved duri years, and represented one-third of the ent inoome of the donor. The next Confarenc HulL The Conference broke up, after expi to the friends in London lor the kindnesi shown.
-.--h ffcWton Csrrespnlitnl.
h ffcWton Csrrespnlitnl. i" aaem it right to state that we do not at aH tim€ i lit eorsehree with our Correspondent's opinions.] From what I can gather by communication with the officials of the Houses of Parliament, there is every reason to believe that both branches of the Legislature will this year be released from their duties at an earlier date than has been customary for several sessions past. On* cause for this belief is the forward state of the estimates; another is the fact that there is no great measure involving a multitude of details to engage the attention of either of the Hourea. When Committee of Supply is driven up to a late period of the session, there is no help but to sit on until the money is voted, and even after that our constitutional forma pre- scribe a certain number of days during which it is necessary for the Appropriation Act to occupy the time of Parliament. 1 his measure through, there is no chance far the consideration of anything ehe, So that the sooner the estimates are done with and the votes embodied in the aforesaid Act, the more is the i hope of winding up the legislative business of the year. The last wetk of July is now confidently spoken cf as the probable date of the prorogation, aed should this prove correct, it will be earlier by nearly a fortnight than in any other year during the lifetime of the present Parliament. In 1869 the prorogation took place on the 12th of August, in 1870 and 1872 upon the 10th and in 1871 as late as the 21st. In the days of Lord Palmerston the session seldom ran into August, but it generally began several days earlier than it has of late years. For instance the session of 1871 did not commence until the 9th of February, while one of the most laborious during Lord Palmerston's Premiership —that of 1860, was opened as early as the 24th of January. Few conflagrations have created more general regret than that which utterly destroyed the Alexandra Palace last week. There appears to In little doubt respecting the origin of the disaster. It may be re- membered that about ten years ago the beautiful little chapel of the Savoy, between the Strand and the Thaites, fell a prey to the flames through the negli- gence of a workman who was repairing the elaborately. carved roof. Then Warwick Castle, the handsome church of St. Mary Magdalene at Paddington, Can- terbury Cathedral (which was happily saved), and the Alexandra Palace have been successively set on fire in a similar way; Is it too much to expect that the pre- cautions taken in an ordinary dwelling should be observed when historic edifices of priceless value, or property valued at hundreds of thousands of pounds, is placed under the care of workmen for repairs? What should we say if we heard of the total destruetion of the National Gallery, of the British Museum, of the Tower of London, or of Westmin- ster Abbey, through the same cause as that which has laid the Alexandra Palace in ashes ? And yet there seems to be no guarantee agaiast either of these calamities, if the roof of any of the buildings required the attentions of a plumber. Many papers have spoken out strongly on this subject, and it is earnestly to be hoped that we shall hear of no more catastrophes such as those above-mentioned, every one of which might have been avoided. Much sympathy is expressed for the unfortunate stall-keepers, many of whom had gone into debt in order to start in business at the Palace. A fund has been opened for their relief at the Mansion House, and the Directors of the Crystal Palace at once volunteered to organise a file for their benefit. The inauguration of a Drovers' Institute by the Lord Mayor deserves a word in addition to the brief paragraph which appeared at the time in some of the London papers. Up to within a few years the men for whose especial benefit the institution has been formed, were probably amongst the most ignorant of any to be found in the metropolis, but the London City Mission heartily took up their cause, and as its efforts were ait?ed by tho?e of similar organizations, a great improvement was speedily effected. During the Cattle Show week in December of every year, a very interesting feature is the special service held in a chapel near the Agricultural Hall for the spiritual instruction of the drovers. The Baroness Burdett- Coutts has long interested herself in the condition of these men, and by her ladyship's assistance, the drovers have now a place which they can call exclusively their own, for the purposes of recrea- tion and amusement. Few can have any idea of the wearisome nature of their duties, and of their long and toilsome journeys in nil weathers—some- times through bleak and inhospitable regions amid torrents of rain; at others through lovely sunlit scenery which unfortunately they are unab'e to appreciate. One of the most difficult tasks of the drover is to get his tired cattle into London in time for the market on Monday morning, and supposing them to have come from any of the southern counties, it is often bard for them to master the slight incline of new Black- friars Bridge. In the early hours of the morning I have often seen that broad thoroughfare entirely mono- polised by scores of jaded cattle, lying down in all directions, and apparently exhausted after the long Sunday tramp. The drover and his dog then have to try all their power t of persuasion ard frequently other means to induce the wretched animals to rise and con- tinue their journey. Anything to soothe the hard lot of the drover is entitled to public support, and I was glad to see the Lord Mayor open the institution with all the iclat of civic dignity. Hitherto, most of the submarine cables have been laid by the Great Eastern, but last week a party of scientific gentlemen assembled at Milwall Docks to in. spect a new vessel which has just been constructed for laying telegraph cables. She is not a handsome-looking ship, but is said to be admirably adapted to her purpose. The vessel, which is 350 feet in length, 55 feet beam, and 36 feet in depth, was then taking in 1,500 miles of cable belonging to the Western Telegraph Company, which is about to lay 2,500 miles of wire along the east coast of South America. Within a day or two of the -visit of which I have spoken, the ship, named the Hooper, accompanied by a consort called the Great Northern, left the docks, and after calling at Plymouth and taking stores on board there, sailed direct for Pernambuco, where the laying of this long line of ocean telegraph, which is to be carried out in three sections, will begin. Sir Bai tie Frere's mission, which had for its primary object the extinction of the Zanzibar slave trade, has not been quite so abortive as the first announcements led the public to fear. True, the reigning Sultan of Zanzibar refused to comply with the demands made upon him by the representatives of Great Britain, and even left unanswered the final communication of Gur envoy. Subsequently he posted a proclamation re- minding his people that the import and export of slaves were perfectly legal under the Treaty of 1845. It is, however, a remarkable fact that since the return of Sir Bartle Frere not a single slave has passed the Custom House at Zanzibar, the traders evidently having a wholesome dread of the British squadron cruising off the coast. Although, therefore, a definite settlement has not been arrived at, it is satisfactory to know that onr efforts have not altogether failed, and that for the present the inhuman traffic has been stopped. Sub. sequent and even more satisfactory reports show that the Sultan of Zanzibar, either finding it impossible to continue the slave trade, or convinced by the argu- ments of Sir Bartle Frere, has even signed a treaty putting an end to the traffic. The famous slave market at Zanzibar has, therefore, beem closed. This is a great triumph in the cause of humanity. The next field of similar operations on the part of the Go- vernment will probably be the Fiji islands, at present the centre of an extensive slave traffic in the Pacific Ocean. The majority of the people are in favour of annexation to Great Britain, and measures are now under the consideration of the Foreign Office with a view to our assuming the protectorate of the islands. An important movement was inaugurated throughout the metropolis last Sunday. All sects and denomina- tions into which the religious world of London is divided, united in a common action for the benefit of the funds of the metropolitan hospitals. The plan had been previously tried with success in many large provincial towns, and although it has been under discussion in the capital during the past two years, this was the first occa- sion on which collections were made simultaneously. The proceeds are to be divide i between about 60 institutions, devoted to the relief of physical suffering, and the system of distribution is based upon the last three years expenditure of each hospital. In appropriating the fund, accounts are taken of the income derived from endowments, realised property, and legacies exceeding £ 100. Thus each institution would receive from the general balance a sum in proportion to the recognition of its merits of the charitable public. The weather was favourable, and the attendances at most of the places of worship was exceedingly good. There was a great crush at the morning service at St. Paul's, for it had been announced that the Prince and Princess of Wales would be there, although not in state. The Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs, and the Aldermen were present, however, in their official capacities, and wore their state robes. To those who have been instrumental in organising an "Hospital Sunday" in London, the unanimity with which all creeds joined in the move- ment must have been extremely gratifyirg. North- ward in Higbgate and Holloway, southward in Lam, beth and Norwood, eastward in Shoreditch and Spitalfields, and westward in Belgravia and Mayfair, the bells of a hundred steeples summoned crowds of well-dressed worshippers to give of their substance to the alleviation of pain and the abatement of disease and from the splendid pile comprising St. Thomas's Hospital, where it overlooks the Thames opposite the Houses of Parliament, to the most modest of kindred institutions, it may confidently be anticipated that th. noble work which each has in hand will long feel the benefit of an experiment which was so heartily joined in throughout London. A few days ago a new alderman of London was elected for the ward of Farringdon Without, in suc- cession to the late Sir James Duke. Unlike the alder. men in the cities and boroughs of England and Wales generally, who sit for six years, the aldermen of the metropolis are chosen for life. The city is divided into twenty-five wards, each of which is represented by an alderman. In one of the wards—that of Bridge Without—there are no inhabitants, and, as its duties are comparatively light, it is, as a rule, assigned to the senior member of the Court. It is from the ranks of the aldermen exclusively that the Lord Mayor is selected in other boroughs the choice is extended to the councillors. The election does not, however, depend, as in many places, upon the strength of political parties in the chamber, but it is invariably regulated by seniority. One condition is that the gentleman chosen shall have previously served the office cf Sheriff of London and Middlesex. On an average, a new alderman has to wait ten years before he reaches the mayoralty; thus, Sir Sydney Waterlow and Mr. Alderman Lusk, M.P., who is next on the list, were both elected in 1863. The court in which the aldermen meet is one of the eights of Guildhall, and is a very handsome apartment, far more elaborately decorated than the chamber in which the common councilmen are accustomed to assemble. Each member of the court has his own seat, with his name printed on a little brass plate at the back, and when a chief magis- trate goes out of office, his coat of arms and the date of his mayoralty are emblazoned in artificial lights let into the ceiling. No country visitor to London should return home without being shown over Guildhall by the courteous official who performs that duty. I saw a report some time ago that the gaol of New- gate was to be removed into one of the suburbs, and if the rumour is not true now, a time will probably come when this idea will be carried out. The land occupied by this gloomy fortress, standing in the very heart of the busiest city in the world, and within a stone's throw of St. Paul's Cathedral, has risen enormously in value since the construction of the prison, and the space oc. cupied by its rows of cells, its dismal court-yards, and its monotonous corridors is now worth a fabulous sum. As one improvement after another is carried out in London, it may well be expected that the question will be asked why an immense prison-fortress, whosemassi ve walls are black with the accumulated smoke of ages, should be allowed to fill such a prominent position in the centre of the city. If the object of architecture is to convey at a glance the character of a building, the architect of Newgate succeeded admirably, for no one could possibly mistake it for anything but what it really i8.