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Aft 49nr fattorn Cfrapifintl
Aft 49nr fattorn Cfrapifintl doem it right to state that we do not at all times Identity '■arselves with our correspondent's opinions. J When Sir Robert Preston, the wealthy Scotch mer- chant and member of Parliament, invited "old George Rose," the Secretary to the Treasury, to a day's fishing and a fish dinner at Dagenham Reach, he little thought that out of that friendly invitation would arise the much-talked-of Ministerial fish dinner. But so it has been, and the friendly annual gathering of a few parliamentary notabilities, when George the Third was King, has expanded into a settled political institu- tion, as significant of the end of the session as any- thing can be. It would be interesting, perhaps, to know what is the conversation at these ministerial fish dinners-and perhaps it would not. I should say it is not the time for Cabinet secrets to ooze out, nor is it the occasion for any arrangement as to ministerial policy. The latest war news, the last message through the Atlantic cable, the last breach of promise of mar- riage, or the performances of Blind Tom," are far more likely topics, mingled with congratulations at the close of the session. And it must be a great relief to many that the session is virtually over. A most im- portant one it has been. A continental war, a war between English authority and Irish rebellion, a war between the constituted authorities and the populace, and a war between the two great political parties in the country-all these have marked the session which is now dying out; and England generally may congratu- late itself that the session dies so calmly as it does. For many weeks—nay, for many months past- there have been warning words uttered by tongue and pen, relative to the coming cholera; but, un- happily, the warning was scarcely heeded till the fell disease was actually amongst us. The thing which was most heeded was the black flag, so to speak, which was hung out by the Registrar-General, when, in his weekly return of mortality, he announced that there had been in London 904 deaths by cholera, and 329 by diarrhsea—1,253 deaths from the two forms of the same disease. Immediately on this report making ts appearance, the whole of London appears to have been aroused. There was no panic, but everywhere there has been a determination to use the utmost efforts to cope with the disease. Medical men still differ as to how far the cholera [is contagious, but there is no difference of opinion in one thing-that dirt, overcrowding, impure water, bad vegetables, in- sufficient food, and want of ventilation, are predis- posing causes of cholera; and perhaps of all these causes the most powerful is impure water. The Registrar-General has shown that the greater part of this slaughter in seven days of 1,253 people of all ages took place within a limited portion of the London area." But there is another most destructive cause of cholera, and that is the carrying on of noxious trades. A deputation has waited on the Duke of Buckingham to point out to him that in a poor district in Black. friars there is a disease-nest of bone-boiling, catgut- making, and horse slaughtering establishments. For years past I have in various newspapers pointed out the existence of these places, round which the cholera hovered during its last visitation. Any one who has had occasion to pass through the neighbourhood, or has had to stop at the Borough-road station of the London, Chatham, and Dover railway, must have had painful evidence of something very wrong, though he may not have known what it was. Now such facts as those which the Registrar-General and the depu- tation to the Lord President of the council have made known ought to be taken to heart all over the country. Similar causes produce similar effects, it matters not where, and the sad lessons that we are now learning In London are of universal application. There has been nothing more interesting to read in the papers lately than the views of the successful laying of the chain of electric communication between the Old and the New World, and subsequently those messages of peace and good-will which have been flashed along the-bed of the ocean from the Queen to the President, from the President to the Queen, and be- tween the municipal chiefs of London and New York. God grant that these may be the forerunners of con- tinual messages of amity and national good-will. In gpite of the Continental war which has not yet wholly ceased, in spite of the preparations that the French government are said to be making for war, it is im- possible to avoid the conviction that there is throughout the world a growing distaste for war. The time may yet be far distant when men shall beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning-hooks, and shall have war no more," but far though it be, it is pleasant to indulge the hope that there is a good time coming." i And is the goal so far away 1 Far, how far, no man can say. Let us have our dream to-day. Yes, we will dream of the happy future, if we cannot realise it, and meanwhile We'll try the rivalry of Arts, Of Science, Learning, Freedom, Fame; We'll try who first shall light the world With charity's divinest flame- Who best shall elevate the poor, And teach the wealthy to be true: We want no rivalry of arms, We want no boasts of Waterloo. Apropos of telegraphy, I hear complaints of the made. quate pay of clerks, male and female, employed by the telegraphic companies. If what I hear be true it is high time that some advance in paying be made, considering the delicate and important character of the work; but I expect there is another side to the question. I know at all events that I have received some hundreds of telegraphic messages, both intended for print and for private information, and that I have scores of times been struck by the inaccuracy of the messages. They are frequently badly spelt, and always marked by absence of punctuation, which sometimes renders their meaning quite doubtful. A paragraph ha.s.,Sone the rounds of the papers that Lord James Butler, who is State Steward in Dublin Castle, is also a "retail dairyman." This is rather curious, certainly; but there is nothing discreditable in it, and I suspect that could we find out the number of noblemen who are virtually in trade we should be rather surprised. It must be remembered," says a writer in the Illustrated Times, that the line between trade and rank has of late been well-nigh obliterated. Thus, is not my Lord Topknot a banker in the city ? Does not the Marquis of Coketown deal in coals, and make out his invoices in due trader's form-Mr. So- and-So, Dr. to the Marquis of Coketown, so many tons of coal? And does not a noble family in the west draw the largest portion of its wealth from the chief manufacture of Ireland ? Not to mention the host of lords, baronets, &c., who began as chairmen or direc- tors of trading companies. The heir of a peerage is chairman of a company for the manufacture of an article for domestic use; the inheritor of an ancient name is the director of a dozen companies; and we have lately come to know that no less than three noble lords have been speculating in shares, and made great gains, but alas! subsequently greater losses." To which I may add that it is well known in commercial eircles that many a nobleman is a sleeping partner in houses of commerce, and even in great trading estab- lishments. A fact of this kind came out only lately in examining into the position of a large commercial house which had failed. It was found that the heir of a noble house-a name as honoured as it is celebrated- was a partner. And why not? it may be asked. Commerce is honourable, and the merchant princes of England are in social position very little below even "our old nobility." It is said that a lady performer on the trapeze is about to appear here. I hope the rumour will not be verified. It is bad enough to see men risk their lives as Ethardo and Eurardo do daily and nightly, but there is something revolting in seeing a woman go through such performances. It would be well for the lady who is about to appear, if the rumour be true, to study the fate of the female Blondin heroine of the Thames," whom I happened to see the other day, and who is injured seriously for life. I fancy the taste for these dangerous performances in England is declining. Certain it is that mere acrobats and tumblers-men who can twist their bodies into all sorts of knota, find it difficult to procure an engagement, and even the performance of Ethardo at the Crystal Palace is voted very tedious. There are some people who take a malicious delight in forging the alleged letters of public men. Some time ago The Times was hoaxed by a pretended letter from Lord Clarendon, announcing that the Prussian ambassador had been withdrawn from Vienna. I do not think that the forger has ever been discovered, and he has been able to chuckle over the money he perhapa made by the fall of stocks. Two other forgeries have just transpired. One letter purports to come from the son of Mr. Gladstone, and was sent to Mr. Beales. eminent statesman, writing to the Globe, 0g>yB, Mr. Beales obligingly requested to see me, and placed the following letter in my hands. It is forged." The letter stated that if a Reform meeting were held on Primrose Hill, Mr. Gladstone and other influen- tial friends of the people would address the meeting. Strangely enough, this letter a forgery sent to Mr. Beales-wail succeeded by another forgery purporting to" have been written by him. It was addressed to the Secretary of the Athenasum Club expressing re. Set that the windows of the club had been broW owing to the crowd having mistaken that club for the Carlton, and asking the secretary to rond m his bill to the council of the Reform League. Really, I can see nothing funny in all this; it is cheap and easy mis- chief, not at all clever, and is always discovered in £ few hours. By the way, I .suppose there is some law to reach a forger of this kind, supposing he is dis- covered if not, there ought to lie; and the penalty should be a very heavy one.
IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.I
IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. In the House of Lords on August 3, in reply to a question from Lord Houghton, Lord Malmesbury stated that Mr. Rassam's mission to the King of Abyssinia had been so far successful that the European captives were re- leased from confinement, although not yet permitted to leave the country but it was hoped that upon the return of Mr. Flad, who had arrived in England to obtain certain articles for the King, the whole number would be set en- tirely free. Lord Russell then rose to put a question state of Hyde Park. Without touching the question of the right to hold meetings in the part, he qucsUoned the pru- dence of the Home Secretary's arrangement with Mr Beales to withdraw the police and to leave the rreaervation of public order to that gentleman and the Reform League. The intention of all parties to that «^xnent h« to have been the restoration of peace in Hyde Park, but the result of withdrawing the civil force had been to confer complete immunity upon he roughs of London, who had taken possession of the park to the annoyance and injury of the respectable population of London. He therefore inquired whether any provisions had been made for the future protection of life and property in Hyde Park Lord Derby protested against the unexpected attack upon Mr. Walpole, who, he showed, had not made any such arrange- ment with Mr. Beales as Lord Russell had imputed, but had, on the contrary, dAllared that although if there were no disturbance there would be no demonstration of force, yet in any case he should provide a reserve to meet any emer- gency that might arise. Lord Derby then remarked that the dangers of the park at night were not entirely of recent origin, although the Reform demonstrations might have en- couraged disorderly persons to more than usual violence. The divided management of the park caused difficulty in providing for better lighting and watching, but the subject was under serious consideration. Lord Lyveden complained of the manner in which for several days the flower beds and trees in the park had been allowed to be destroyed, but eulogised (as Lord Russell and Lord Derby had done) the coolness and forbearance of the police in withstanding the attacks that were made upon them. A large number of Bills in various stages having been dis- posed of, their Lordships adjourned. In the House of Commons, at a morning sitting, Lord Stanley, In moving the second reading of the Extradition Treaties Act Amendment Bill, repeated the explanation which Lord Clarendon gave of his provisions in the House of Lord ssome time back, prefacing it by a general exposition and defence of the policy of extradition. Referring to an amend- ment suggested by Sir F. Goldsmid, he expressed his readi- ness to consider favourably a clause to exclude political offences from the treaty, though he doubted the possibility of drawing a precise line of demarcation. Mr. M'C. Torrens moved the rejection of the Bill in a lengthy speech, travelling into the general question of ex- tradition, and denouncing this as the first step of a series of concessions which would destroy the right of asylum, and would make us the jackals of despotic Governments. After some remarks from Sir R. Collier, Sir F. Goldsmid, the Attorney-General, and Sir R. Palmer, on a division, the second reading was carried by 77 to 14. Some progress was made in Committee with the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act. At the evening sitting, after some explanations had been given by Lord H. Lennox (in answer to Colonel Sykes) as to the surrender of certain pirates to the Chinese authorities at Canton, and Mr. Pim had ailed attention to the delay of the American mail steamers at Queenstown, the House was counted out at ten minutes to eight o'clock. In the House of Lords on August 6, the Royal assent was given by commission to a number of Bills. The Public Health Bill was read a second time after a brief discussion, in the course of which Lord Shaftesbury urged the nccessity of more stringent powers in respect fif the water supply, and Lord Carnarvon announced that in consequence of the prevalence of cholera an Order in Coun- cil would immediately be issued, requiring all ships coming under the operation of the Passenger Act to carry a surgeon, whatever the number of passengers. Several Bills were advanced in their various stages. Lord Derby, in moving the second reading of the Habeas Corpus Suspension (Ireland) Act Continuance Bill, expressed his regret that circumstances should require such a pro- ceeding, but declared that in his opinion it was proper that the Executive should for a time be endowed with these ex- traordinary powers. He approved the conduct of the late Government in originally seeking these powers, which had been administered by Lord Kimberley with firmness and moderation, and which had succeeded in preserving the peace of the country. Lord Kimberley, while also regretting that it should be necessary to continue the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act in Ireland, said that had he remained in office he should have recommended a similar course to the Government. He observed that although there was, happily, a decreased amount of ordinary crime in Ireland, yet the extent to which the Fenian conspiracy had extended rendered it necessary to meet that dangerous organization with vigour and promptitude. In his opinion there had been no such dangerous conspiracy since 1798, because in this instance it had been fomented and supported from a foreign country, and it weald be highly imprudent suddenly to abandon all those precautionary measures which had proved so effi- cacious in preventing an outbreak. After speaking of the temperate manner in which the United States' representative in Dublin had interposed on behalf of American citizens who were arrested under the Suspension Act, and the sup- port which the Government had received from the gentry of Ireland, Lord Kimberley expressed his conviction that to insure the contentment of that country a settlement of the land tenure question must be effected, and the Irish Church question must be dealt with. Lord Clanricarde objected to a settlement of the landlord and tenant question upon the basis proposed by the late Government, which would have really effected a redistribu- tion of the land in Ireland. The Bill was then read a second time. The other orders were disposed of, and their Lordships then adjourned. In the House of Commons, after a number of notices had been given for next Session, Lord Cranborne (in reply to Major Jervis) gave a general explanation of the measures contemplated by the India office to remedy the grievances of the officers of the Indian Army. With regard to the Staff Corps grievance, they proposed, in- stead of restricting that corps to officers who had served on the Staff, to permit any officers to enter it who had joined the Indian army before the amalgamation; and the bonus system grievance they proposed to remedy by appointing a committee in each Presidency, which, as each officer retired, would inquire into his case, and would ascertain how much he was out of pocket by payments to officers for retirement. Whatever that loss might be the Government would make good to him, and the cost, he anticipated, would be an average of 8,000i a year for twenty years. Mr. J. A. Smith called attention to the prevalence of cholera in the Eastern districts of the metropolis, and asked whether the Government were prepared to allow Parlia- ment to separate without providing the means of snmmary interference in cases where the vestries might neglect the enforcement of sanitary precautions, or might omit or delay the necessary arrangements for the care of the sick, and the separation of the healthy from the dying and the dead. Mr. Ayrton traced the whole of the present difficulty in carrying out proper sanitary provisions to the unjust Poor Law arrengements of the metropolis, and inveigned with great warmth against the motives and conduct of those who had opposed the enlargement of Poor Law administration and taxation. Mr. Hardy replied that he was giving an earnest attention to the working of the Poor Law in the metropolis, and he hoped next Session to be able to introduce a Bill which would be framed in a spirit of sympathy with the poor, whether ratepayers or relieved. He pointed out that in the metropolis the laws relating to public health were admin- istered not by the guardians, but by the vestries, and the Public Health Bill, which would become law, he hoped, to- day, would enable these local bodies to take all necessary precautions with greater rapidity. These local bodies, he remarked, were now on their trial, and if they did not carry out the powers entrusted to them efficiently, it would be necessary for Parliament to step in and place them in other hands. Mr. Henley, apprehending that the local authorities would have some difficulty In taking the necessary measures for want of money, regretted that the Government had not passed a short Act to supply that deficiency either by a rate on the metropolis or in some other way. A penny rate on the whole metropolis would amount to 60,0002, which would go a long way in precautionary measures. Mr. Neate concurred in the suggestion, and threw on the Government the responsibility of any calamity which might arise from want of means. The Chancellor of the Exchequer deprecated interference with the ordinary local administration of the metropolis in a moment of hurry and alarm, and expressed a conviction that no Government, if an emergency should arise, would shrink from the responsibility of meeting it in any manner which might seem most effectual. Colonel Hogg, as a member of a Local Board, urged that more stringent and summary powers should be given to nuisance inspectors. The Chancellor of the Exchequer, questioned by Mr. Alderman Salomons as to his willingness to renew the Government letter to the Bank without the proviso as to the ten per cent. discount, promised to give the request the fullest consideration when it was brought before him, but declined to give any pledge as to what he would do. The Indemnity Bill passed through its final stages. In committee on the Extradition Treaties Act Amendment Bill, Sir F. Goldsmid proposed a new clause excepting political offences from the treaty, and requiring a guarantee from foreign Governments that an offender shall not be tried on any other charge but that on which he has been sur- rendered. Lord Stanley objected to the clause, pointing out that It would exempt from extradition cases of political assassina- tion, like Orsini's crime, or the recent shooting of a Fenian informer, and expressing a doubt whether any clause could be so worded as to be free from a similar objection. By way of showing that the present law gave ample securities against the extradition of political offenders, he maintained that offences incident to political commotions could not be included under the designation of "murder, or attempt to murder," and that the Secretary of State, if a political offender were demanded, would have the option of not putting the law into effect; and, with regard to the lat- ter part of the clause, he said it was not the practice of the French Executive to arrest a man for one offence and try him for another, and that if such a deceit were practised it would lead to an immediate determination of the treaty. He reminded the House that during the last 23 years no political offender had been demanded, and urged the un- fairness of altering the bargain without communication with the other parties, and the futility of trying to bind a foreign Government which might wish to act dishonestly by a guarantee. After some discussion, Lord Stanley consented to limit the duration of the Bill to one year; and a clause to that effect, proposed by Mr. Kinglake, was inserted in the Bill. Sir F. Goldsmid withdrew his clause, and a clause proposed by Mr. M'C. Torrens, providing that the whole of the de- positions shall be laid before the committing magistrate, was negatived without a division. The Bill was then read a third time and passed. Mr. Watkin withdrew his motion for a commission to in- quire into the Banking and Cunency Laws, and the House then adjourned.
A BITE OF A DOG-A NICE POINT…
A BITE OF A DOG-A NICE POINT OF LAW, At Guildford Assizes, the case of "Smith v. The Great Eastern Railway Company," has been tried, and was an action to recover compensation for the bite of a dog, the injury being alleged to have been sustained by the plaintiff in consequence of the negli- gence of the defendants' servants. This was rather a novel action, and it appeared to involve a very nice point of law. The plaintiff was a woman in humble circumstances, and she sued the company for injury sustained by her through having been bitten by a dog negligently allowed to be upon the platform at the Lea-bridge station. The occur- rence appeared to baye taken place on the night of Whit-Monday, and according to the case for the plam- tiff she was about to get into one oi the carnages of a train that had just arrived, when she was attacked by a doTwhich first tore her dress and then bit her severely in the leg. The defendants were sought to be made Kb on the ground that it was negligence on the part of the aarvants of the railway to permit such an animal to be upon the platform, and evidence was adduced, which was not, however of a very ^factory character, that the same dog had been • „ J the platform some time before, and ihat it had a cat, and attempted to bite a lady who w?s abput to join the train. It was also urged that this last men- tioned fact Was made known to the station master or some of the other officials at the station, and that they took no steps to remove the animal, and the conse- quence was that the plaintiff received the injury for which pb.e now claimed compensation. Serjeant 6allan|ine upan these facts submitted that there was no case for the jury, as there was no proof that the dogbelonged to the defendants, or that they had any control or authority over it. lie alsp argued that even supposing the railway officials had had their attention directed to the fact that such an animal was upon the platform, that would not render the defend- ants liable upon the present action. Mr. Justice Willes appeared to think the objection* were well founded, but he said he would not stop the I case, but if it should become necessary he would reserve the legal questions for further consideration. The defence that was set up was that the dog in question was a stray dog that had been prowling about the premises, and none of the officers of the company knew anything about him. After the occurrence had taken place he had been turned out by one of the porters, and nothing more was seen of him. The allegation that the attention of the officers of the com- pany had been previously directed to the fact that he had attempted to bite another person was positively denied, and the station-master and two of the porters were examined, who stated positively that no com- munication of the kind was made to them. Mr. Justice Willes, in summing up the case to the jury, said it was undoubtedly a novel proceeding to Beek to make a railway company liable for the negli- gence of their servants under circumstances such as appeared in the present case, and if they should feel themselves justified in finding a verdict for the plaintiff, he should certainly reserve the point for further con- sideration, whether the defendants were legally re- sponsible for what had taken place. He observed that in the ordinary case of a person being bitten by a dog, this was not sufficient to render the owner cf the dog civilly responsible, but he must be shown to have been aware that the dog was a savage mis- chievous dog, and given te bite mankind. In the present case it appeared that the defendants had nothing whatever to do with the dog in question, and it appeared to him that before they would be in any way justified in holding the defendants to be res- ponsible, they must first be satisfied that the defen- dants were made aware of the fact that the dog was a savage animal, and if this was established to their satisfaction it might possibly be considered negligence on the part of their servants to allow an animal of such a description to be upon the platform of a rail- way station where the public had, undoubtedly, a right to go. The jury, after a short deliberation, returned a ver- dict for the plaintiff, and it was arranged between the counsel on both sides that the damages should be 501. The point of law as to the liability of the defendants upon the facts is still reserved.
MR. MASON JONES ON REFORM.
MR. MASON JONES ON REFORM. The following letter from Mr. Mason Jones appeared In The Times of Monday:— Sir,-The influence of your journal over the ruling classes in England is so immense, they so implicitly adopt your opinions and unhesitatingly follow your guidance, that any mistake on your part respecting our home affairs or foreign policy is little short of a national calamity. There can be very little doubt that the defeat of Mr. Gladstone's Reform Bills and the overthrow of the late Government were mainly owing to the persistent, able, and overwhelming opposition of The Times, You have been successful. "Victory has crowned your efforts. You are strong enough to be chivalrous to an enemy, and can afford to be generous to a beaten opponent; I hope, therefore, you will allow me to place before your readers a few reasons why you should regret the triumph you have achieved, and to add a word or two of remonstrance to yourself on the subject of Reform. Do not be alarmed. I shall not trouble you with the comparative merits of rating or rental. I shall say nothing about household, or lodger, or manhood suffrage. I shall avoid the redistribution of seats, electoral districts, and vote by ballot. I shall not weary you with arguments in favour of the much- abused theory of the rights of man." I shall con- fine myself to a few plain facts, ask a few practical questions, look at the subject as one merely of expe- diency, and inquire what is the best and most prudent thing to do in the present aspect of affairs. One of the statements most constantly and con- fidently repeated during the Reform debates in Par- liament this Session was that the masses of the people did not want Reform, that the working clssses were utterly indifferent about their own enfranchisement, and that it was folly to bestow a boon on men which they did not desire. It is not likely that these asser- tions will be repeated again. The recent events in connection with the Hyde-park gathering, the monster demonstration in the Islington Agricultural-hall, the open-air meeting in Victoria-park, the meeting last night in Lincoln's-inn-fields, and the excited state of the public mind on the subject, contradict them in a manner that the dullest of the Adullamites must per- ceive, and the most stupid of what Mr. Stuart Mill calls the "stupid party cannot misunderstand. Let us hope that the "logic of events" may help to con- vince those members of the House of Commons who complained that any legislation on Reform should be attempted because the people were so quiet, and those Tories who have been canvassing for outrage and catering for violence, saying in effect to the lower classes, "We will not believe you are in earnest about Reform until you attack our houses, smash our win- dows, and break our heads." It is evident that with the downfall of Earl Russell's Cabinet and the advent of Lord Derby to power the Reform question entered on a new phase. The differ- ence in the position is patent to all. Only a month ago the country was, if not apathetic and indifferent,, at least sober and calm. Confiding in the good faith of a Liberal Ministry and trusting in their promises to effect a Reform in the representation of the people, the nation was prepared to accept Mr. Gladstone's very moderate measure as a reasonable compromise, and the passage of that Bill would have stifled all agitation and settled the Reform question for a quarter of a century. Unfortunately, Mr. Gladstone was defeated. The Tories came into office. What has been the result ? What is the situation to-day ? Lord Derby has not been Prime Minister a month, but within that time he has done more to advance the cause of Reform than all the agitations of all the Reform Associations in the country could have effected in twenty years. It would have taken the Manchester Union, the Lon- don Working Men's Association, and the Reform League years to accomplish that which Lord Derby has done in a day. Thanks to him, the age of in- differentism is passed, and the time for action has arrived. The Reform League, especially, is under deep obligations to the present Tory Government. They have galvanized it into life. Ten days since the League was a myth nineteen-twentieths of the Eng- lish people did not even know of its existence its exchequer was empty; its executive was unknown. To-day the League is a great fact; subscriptions are pouring in; members are being enrolled by thousands; and, if directed by courage on the one side and pru- dence on the other, the League bids fair to become a power in the land. To whom is this success of the League due ? Again, I say, to the Tory Government alone. Mr. Walpole's impolitic prohibition of the meeting in Hyde-park (I say nothing here as to the question of right), the insane attempt to keep the people out of the park by closing the gates, the ostentatious display of military force, and the action of the police, have done it all. The successive blunders of the Executive have inflamed and exasperated the people to a dgeree that defies description. You must mix with them to learn the intensity of the feeling against the Goverement. The Secretary of State for the Home Department should have remembered that more than one French dynasty has been overthrown for trying to prevent meetings similar to that which he has attempted to put down in vain. He should have known that in all such conflicts the authorities are sure to be vanquished. By provoking them. Government has nothing to gain and everything to lose. Resistance begets resistance, opposition is met by opposition sterner still; the feelings of neutral spectators are aroused, and from being mere spectators they become active partisans. And if during the late riots the peace has been broken; if conflicts have taken place between the authorities, and the people (call them roughs, if you like); if the police have been made hateful to the public; if angry passions have been aroused; if life and property have been endangered; if the prestige of Government has been lessened; if the breach between the upper and lower classes has been widened; if the lustre of the Crown itself has been tarnished, the entire blame rests at the door of the in- fatuated Government which provoked the conflict, and thereby provoked its own weakness and the people's power. No one could have witnessed the humiliating scenes that took place near the Marble Arch on last Monday week, and listened to the excited remarks of those present, without being conscious of the truth of all this. No prudent Minister would have caused such scenes to have called forth such remarks in defence of a barren abstract right. The English aristocracy have been justly praised for the wisdom with which they have complied with popular demands. In this case I look in vain for any indication of wisdom or common sense. Very ominous to me was the deep roar of the angry multitude as they rushed into the park over the prostrate railings, and celebrated their victory with vociferous cheers; but most ominous of all was the fact that the names of some of the oldest, most intellectual, and eloquent members of both Houses of Parliament, the names of men hitherto most popular in the country, were received on last Monday evening by 40,000 Englishmen with shouts and yells of execration. "He that hath ears to hear let him hear." No one who has any regard for the peace and insti- tutions of the country can look upon the present state of things with complacency. By the events of the past week we have been compromised and humiliated before the whole civilized world. Occasion has been given to the enemies of constitutional government everywhere to rejoice. If such scenes should occur again no one can tell in what catastrophe they may eventuate. I appeal to you, Sir, to exert your all- powerful influence to prevent the recurrence of events which tend to imperil the peace of the country and to shake the foundations of the Throne itself. If Mr. Gladstone's Bill had become law wa should have had no agitation, no resistance on the part of the Ministry, and therefore no disturbance. The public mind would have been at rest, the agitator's occupation gone. The unrepresented millions would have been grateful for even so small an instalment of justice to their class. The working classes would have felt that their exclu- sion from the rights and privileges of citizenship would not be perpetual, and that they might one day hope te stand within the pale of the Constitution. But now all is changed. A winter's fiery agitation is about to be inaugurated, a hundred indignant orators will de- claim from a hundred platforms on the wrongs and grievances of the masses business will be interrupted, trade injured, angry passions aroused, class prejudices deepened, bad blood engendered; concesssons which would have satisfied yesterday will to-morrow be scouted with contempt; with every freph denial of popular right the popular demands will be increased, and nothing will be conceded until all concessions are too late, and all this because a favoured class refuses to be wise in time. I remain, Sir, your obedient servant, „ T. MASON JONES. 6, Pembndge-gardens, Bayswater, Aug. 1.
[No title]
The Bishop of Llandaff, in his charge to the clergy, at the visitation of his diocese, in which be Is at present engaged, remarked that any attempt to revive an obsolete ritualism agreeably to the letter of the law would be incon- sistent, under piesent circumstances, both with sound wisdom and Christian charity. He also dwelt at great length upon the doctrine of the real presence, and the use of vestments arising therefrom, arguing that with such a doctrine the Church of JSbgland did not sympathize, and that the use of vestments was inconsistent with her teachings on that subject. On the other hand, he urged the clergy to guard against a narrow-minded jealousy; for, however necessary it might be with regard to mattprs of vital importance that they should be watchful, in things of less moment, which oftentimes had no better foundation than prejudice, they might become just as uncharitable as the temper to which It tet Itself in opposition. t
Iltisttllimmts Intelligence,
Iltisttllimmts Intelligence, HOME, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL. SINGULAR MATRIMONIAL STORY.—The following could only have occurred in America:— The Hon. Obadiah Browne and Mrs. Cora Browne were re- married a short time since at New Haven. They were first married nearly a quarter of a century ago, lived happily for some time, and became parents of two sons, now grown up. Trouble came and they were divorced. Mr. Browne married again, and after living with his second wife for a number of years was divorced from her. He finally renewed the ac- quaintance of his first wife, and the result was-that he has now led her to the altar for the second time. A HINT TO ENGLAND ON ROAD MENDING.-The Pont Royal is one of the most frequented bridges of Paris (says a Paris paper). The number of vehicles which traverse it at all hours of the day is enormous, and some difficulty is caused by even a brief interrup- tion of the traffic daring the night. The extent of the traffic, however, renders necessary frequent repairs to the road. A day or two since this operation ha3 been the road. A day or two since this operation has been carried out over the whole length of the bridge, and in order to level and bind together a thick layer of broken granite the new steam roller, weighing nearly 30,000 kilogrammes, which has already been employed in other parts of the city, was brought into use. The operation commenced at 10 o'clock in the evening, and was continued throughout the night. In the morning the bridge was re-opened for traffic, the road being sufficiently level to allow of vehicles passing without any inconvenience. The new system of road levelling is far more rapid and more efficacious than the old plan of cumbrous rollers drawn by horses. NAPOLEON OUT IN THE COLD !—A gentleman in Paris, well versed in the politics of the day, writes From here I can tell you little, for Paris is quite a second rate actor in this drama, leaning mostly on poor Austria's consent to seem obliged to the Emperor Napoleon for some- thing. The French empire is far more beaten than the Aus- trian, but then there is this difference, "the French empire Is not France. There is no doubt that Napoleon III., turn on which side he may, finds himself in a dilemma. His position with regard to Italy is entirely altered. The part of friend, protector, and ally, which for a time was his exclusively, belongs now to Prussia, to whom Italy feels bound by closer ties than was ever the case with her Gallic confederate. The approaching speedy arrangement between Prussia and Austria, concluded, as it will be, without the influence or interference of France, gives evidence to Europe that the vaunted mediation of the Caesar of the Seine has in realitv no existence except in the articles to order of the Paris press. The humiliation is great, and that it is felt to be so the tone of the popular journals clearly, shows. WHERE TO GO DURING THUNDER.—A person surprised in the street should keep away from the walls, and not seek shelter under a doorway. An open square must be especially avoided. It is foolhardiness when in the open country to advance in the face of a storm cloud. The best thing is to seek shelter in some hollow of the road or low situation avoiding ponds or run- ning streams. According to Guden, if the observer places himself fifty paces in the rear of a house or tree, he may be as secure as at an exhibition of fireworks. Persons in a carriage or on horseback should proceed slowly; and in the first instance with the windows put up the interior is the safest place. A man travelling on horseback should get down and lead his steed by the reins, or fasten it to a rock or stake, but not a tree, and lay down at a little distance from it. It is need- less to say that as no one is exempt from being struck by lightning, it is proper to avoid trees of all descrip- tions. It is mere superstition to suppose that certain trees, or trees without leaves, are never struck by lightning. But, as before said, a short distance from a tree, or between two trees, is a favourable position rather than otherwise, especially in a recumbent pos- ture. In the case of one tree it must be placed between the person and the storm. Nor is it prudent to seek for shelter under a bush, especially if on a plain; or be- hind a stack, for lightning often strikes all collections of vegetable matter. The shepherd lies down among his sheep, the farmer amidst his horses and cattle, but not close to them; and the traveller, first ridding him- self of all metallic objects, is safest lying down in a. rut, dry ditch, or earthy, sandy, or rocky hollow, till the storm has passed by. -New Monthly Magazine. FATAL FRAY BETWEEN BROTHERS.—On Saturday Thomas Ridsdale Marshall, aged 16 years, died at Hartlepool from injuries received at the hands of his elder brother, under the following circumstances On Saturday, the 21st ult., the deceased and his brother, John James, who Is two or three years his senior, came from their work at the Middleton Iron Foundry, about one o'clock, and when they arrived at home they both went into the kitchen. The deceased took hold, of a chair for the purpose of placing it at the table for dinner, when the elder brother seized it, and tried to take it from him. While they were struggling, the two fore legs came off, and were lefc in the hands of the deceased. In the excitement of the moment he threw the legs at his elder brother, and one of them struck him a slight blow. Somewhat enraged at his brother's con- duct, with the body of the chair he dealt a blow with con- siderable force on the head of the deceased, knocking him down. The deceased was not at first insensible, but subse- quently became so. Dr. Moore, who was called in, found it necessary to remove a piece of the skull about the size of a florin, which had been broken and displaced. The deceased gradually sank, and died at four o'clock on Saturday morning An inquest was held on Saturday, but it was ad. journed that a post-mortem examination might be made in order that the doctor might negative the possibility of death having been produced by any other cause than that of the blow. TIME'S CHANGES.—The village of Wagram, celebrated by the battle won here by the first Napoleon, contains a chapel where are collected many of the arms that were found on the field after that great fight (writes The Times correspondent). A strange feeling of awe comes upon one when brought face to face with these truest monuments of the great conflict waged here by the mighty dead, and the loud talk and laughter of careless soldiers fresh from a field of battle, and reckless of how soon they might march to another, were hushed, not more by the sanctity of the place than by an almost involuntary reverence for the visible memoriais of the great battle and of the warriors who fell in it. But disappointment has also its place in the mind, for how clumsy, how old- fashioned according to our ideas look those old flint muskets and heavy swords with which but a few short years back the fate of Europe was decided! Could the question fail ? Shall we to our successors in' the next generation appear to have known so little of what science has in such a short time developed, and to have been so ignorant of mechanical appliances, which, when once unfolded, appear so simple and so palpablej And another thought came into every mind, which struck home to the heart, for it told that in a few short years those who have fought at Konnig- gratz and survived the long summer day's slaughter on the Sadowa hill will individually be equally lost to memory as those who fell at Wagram-their names mostly unknown, their private deeds unrecorded by any historian. ALL SOLD ALIKE !-The great popularity of this negro pianist in America induced some unprincipled speculators to announce a concert after Tom had sailed ?r it Roland. We copy from the New York Clipper the following particulars :— GOING IT BLIND-In Wheeling, Va., Blind Tom was an- nounced to give a series ef entertainments, commencing July 11. Only 5,000 tickets will be sold," says the pro- gramme, "and 3,000 dollars in gifts will be distributed among the ticket-holders." Well, on the evening of the ntn the hall was crowded with anxious expectants, but neitner Blind Tom nor managers were to be seen, and the audience soon discovered that they had been swindled. We are informed that 8,000 tickets had been disposed of at one dollar each; Tickets and ticket-holders were alike-sold. TRIAL FOR ATTEMPTED MURDER.—A trial for attempted murder took place at Manchester, on Fri- day, in which malice was most clearly shown. The prisoner, a young man named Whittaker, had been a deserter, and on the information of the prosecutor Burrows, he was apprehended and was imprisoned for twelve months. At that time he threatened that he would be revenged. Having deserted again after his imprisonment, he came to see his wife and family, and went to the house of Burrows on the 31st May, where he was invited to take refreshment, and when about to leave late at night, took out a pistol and discharged it at him. The ball entered the left arm, but was stopped by the bone, or it would probably (the sur- feon said) have passed through his arm and body also. Ie was found guilty, and sentenced to twenty years' penal servitude. A DEARTH OF SUBJECTS."—The Paris correspon- dent of the Lancet writes As not a few English medical students come over to Paris during the summer vacation to dissect or perform operations which can be done here at a much cheaper rate than in London, I think it right to inform you that at Clamart the great central dissecting establishment of Paris, there'is a great dearth of subjects, and I am informed it is likely to continue, as the French military surgeons are taking a con- siderable number of bodies for practice in operative sur- gery. MURDER IN IRELAND.—A warder of Kilmain- ham gaol, named Gethins, was fatally stabbed at a late hour on Friday night by Patrick Meehan a grocer and beershop keeper, in Dublin. It appears that Meehan was previously unacquainted with Gethins, and that he only met him a short period prior to the fatal occurrence in the house of O'Connor another warder of Kilmainham gaol, with whom he had been out during the evening. An altercation arose between himself and Gethins in the hall of O'Connor's house (which is situated opposite to the gaol), during which some bad language was used, and eventually Gethins called out that he was stabbed. Meehan re- ceived an injury m the right eye. Immediately after the scuffle Meehan took a car, and with his child pro- ceeded homewards. On the road he called to a medical man, and had his eye dressed. He was shortly after- r wards arrested. J A MINISTER ON HIS TRAVELS.—Mr. Wash- burne, who has been our Minister to Paraguay for several years, came home some months eince upon furlough to marry a wife (says a Boston paper). On attempting to return to his post he was stopped by the allied army holding possession of all the avenues of entrance to that country. He requested the Admiral of the Brazilian squadron to send him up the Panama TV,IerA^ °°e ? v19 vessela to his Place of destination, ine Admiral, however, demurred, inquiring upon what ground he was called upon to perform this unusual duty. Mr. Washburne replied that his presence was required in Paraguay to protect Ameri- can interests, but as, upon investigation, it appeared that there were at that time only two natives of the United States in Paraguay, and that one of these was a gentleman from the South engaged in laying down torpedoes to delay the advance of the allied armies, TT J O declined to comply with the desire of the United otatea' envoy. Mr. Washburne, at last accounts, was quietly reposing from diplomatic la- pours in the city of Buenos Ayres. SCOTCH PEARLS.—It is curious that, just as our Eastern pearl-fishery began to fail, a considerable supply of excellent pearls was derived from the rivers of Scotland (says the Gornhill Magazine for August). Mr. Unger, of Edinburgh, the chief dealer in these Scottish pearls, which are very beautiful, and the instigator of the trade in Scotland as now carried on, pays a great deal of money annually, chiefly to the peasantry in the neighbourhood of the pearl producing rivers, for these Caledonian gems, many of which are of great individual value, the best kinds ranging in price from 5J. to 50! as much as 10QJ., indeed, has been obtained for a fine spevimtn, It is not tpllkely, 1 think, from the impetus given to the fishery by the dealers, that the streams of Scotland will speedily be exhausted, for mussels in Scotland are not found in beds, as in the sea, but individually or in very small clusters, which,of course, are greedily seized upon and at once destroyed in the hope of obtaining a few of the gems. As regards the productiveness of the Scottish pearl-mussel, a practical hand tells us that one pearl is on the average found in every 13 shells; but as only one pearl in every ten is saleable, it requires the de- struction of 130 shells in order to fine that one gem. Of course, shells are occasionally found that contain a great many pearls, but these are an exception to the rule, and it may be easily calulated how long the capital stock of any river will stand out against the determined efforts of the peasantry surrounding it when they know that by a little exertion they can pay their rent by collecting pearls. THE SQUABBLES OF PARIS JOURNALS.—A dis- pute lately took place between the Constitutionnel and the Union, the latter having spoken of the other jour- nal as an "organ so many times disavowed," and M. Paulin Limayrac, the editor of the Constitutionnel, offering to pay the Union 100,000fr., if it could show a single instance of any such disavowal during the last five years. The latter journal produced two cases which it conceived to be in point; and proceeds to ask on what day it may send to the office of the Constitu- tionnel for the 100,000fr., and concludes as follows In return we shall come to an understanding with our venerable cure as to the best way of founding with that sum a durable work of charity, which we shall place under the double invocation of St. Henry and St. Paulin, to perpetuate the memory of the gratitude which the recipients will owe much more to you than to ourselves." WESTERN ETIQUETTE !-The Yankee traveller who saw the live Hoosier has again written to his mother, telling her his experience as follows Western people are death on etiquette. You can't tell a man here that he lies without fighting. A few days ago a man was telling two of his neighbours, in my hearing, a pretty large story. Saysl, "Stranger, that'sa whopper." Sayshe, "Lay there, stranger." And in the twinkling of an eye I found myself in the ditch, a perfect quadruped. Upon another oc- casion says I to a man I never saw before, as a woman passed, 'That isn't a specimen of your Western women, is it?" Ssjshe, "You are afraid of fever and ague, aint you?" Very much" says I. Well," replied he, that lady is my wife, and if you don't apoligise in two minutes, by the honour of a gentleman I swear that these two pistols, which he had cocked in his hand, shall cure you of that disorder entirely." So I knelt down and politely apologised. I admire this Western country much; but darn me if I can stand so much etiquette, it always takes me unawares. EXTRAORDINARY INVENTIONS.—On Friday Mr. Gale attended the Royal Marine Barracks, Ports. mouth, for the purpose of displaying and explaining his new repeating firearm. Mr. Gale was irtroduced by Mr. W. Eastlake, deputy-judge-advocate of the fleet, and amongst the officers present at the interview were Colonel Gascoigne, Colonel Connolly, Major Prynne, Lieutenant-Colonel Rickard, Captain Walsh, Lieutenant and Adjutant Herriot. The firearm was minutely examined and tested, and was the subject of unqualified approbation. It was shown to be possible to fire the arm eighty times within a minute, and that that speed could be kept up for a period limited only by the industry of the firer and the extent of his supply of steel breech cases, into which the cartridge is placed, and when once within which it is almost impossible that any aecidental blow can explode them. The arm is very simple in construction, and the barrel remarkably easy to clean, being open at both ends, and the car- tridge case and so forth is completely cleared out of the pistolas gun at each discharge. The officers pre- sent warmly congratulated Mr. Gale on this invention, the great utility and marvellous character of which was fully recognised. Mr. Gale also referred to his latest invention-a grenade for use in nayal actions, causing for half an hour or more an impenetrable fog in any desired locality. THE INTEGRITY OF lTALY.-Ba.ron Ricasoli has written the following letter in reply to one addressed to him by the Deputy Biancheri:— Very esteemed Sir, I can only write you a few lines, not having time to do more. As long as I remain minister and as long as I live I do not see the possibility of our Italy losing an Inch of her soil. Be assured of this, aRd tell the people so. If there breathe an Italian capable of intriguing so as to bring disgrace and injury upon his country, let him be pointedout, and then I hope the government will do its duty. I know no crime more infamous than that which consists in bartering away what belongs to Italy.—I am yours heartily, RICASOLI. CRICKET IN TURKEY.—The cricket match be- tween her Majesty's Embassy and the Caradoc on the one side, and the Constantinople Club on the other, came off at the Sweet Waters of Asia on Saturday, J uly Z\ (says the Levant Herald). Play began about eleven a.m., and lasted, with a couple of hours' interval, till after six p.m., and lasted, with a couple of hours interval, till after six p.m., when the diplo- mats and bluejackets were thoroughly, but not inglo- riously beaten. The attendance of outside spectators was unusually large, and included most of the rank and fashion of Candili, Bebek, Therapia, Huyukdere, and the other regions round about the Bosphorus. An admirable lunch, hospitably open to all comers, was served about two o'clock, and thence on till the close of the game the scene was as lively as capital play and brilliant company could make it. A GOOD SUGGESTION ABOUT THE CHOLERA.— Dr. Barton, of Windsor, writes as follows:— While so much good advice is being published for the prevention of cholera, perhaps a suggestion from one who has seen this disease in its worst forms, both in India and China, may not be out of place. I have always found the check of skin action to be one of the chief sources of bowel complaints, but more so when the check takes place around the loins and abdomen. The alimentary canal ia particular suffers from this cause, the small capillaries of the mucous membrane lining the canal become congested, and thh is in nine cases out of ten relieved by nature's cure, simple diarrhoea but when epidemic cholera or dysentery prevails, this diarrhoea will often assume the character cf one or the other, and hence the danger. To guard against this I would recommend all to wear a flannel band, composed of two or three folds, and six or seven inches wide, round the loins during the continuanc. of the present epidemic. This would not only prevent a chet. of perspiration in those important regions, but would keep up and rather increase, the action of the skin, and among the labouring classes this flannel band, even when satured with sweat, would keep up or maintain the natural temperature of the body, and not strike cold and damp as a linen or loose flannel shirt would in the same wet state. The band should be changed in the evening after the day's work for a dry one. TAKEN FL ABACK !"—If the hours get weary in America there is a fund of amusement in studying the odd characters the passengers are made up of (says a roving Englishman), from the old lady who is travelling alone, and who is "sure the engineers drink, and that the boilers are going to burst" to the emigrant who has left his fatherland for a home in the New World. We made lots of acquaintance, but one old gentleman rather got the "dead wood" onus. Wishing to open a conversation with him, in an artless and unaffected manner, we asked him- "Who he thonght wrote Junius?" He looked at us a moment. Young man," said he, "I do not think it was you, but it was probably some other fool" We did not make his acquaintance. How THEY DO IN MAINE !—Somebody, evidently an old bachelor used to such things, thus describes how they do in Maine :— Quaker young ladies in the Maine La# State, It Is said still continue to kiss the lips of the young temperance men. to see if they have been tampering with liquor. Just imagine a beautiful young temperance woman, with all the duty of an executive officer, and the Innocence of a dove with the charge, Mr. the ladies believe you are In the habit of tampering with liquor, and they have appointed me to exa- mine you according to our established rules; are you wil- ling?' You nod acquiescence. She gently steps closer to you, lays her white arm around your neck, dashes back her raven curls, raises her sylph-like form upon tip-toe, her snowy, heaving besom against your own, and with her angelic features lit up with a smile as sweet as heaven, places her rich, rosy, pouty, sugar, molasses, lily, rosebud, cream- tart, apple-pie, peach-pudding, apDle-dumpling, ginger- bread, nectar, lips against yours, and (0 Jerusalem, hold us!) kisses you. Hurrah for the gals and the Maine Law, and death to all opposition !—[We need not say that the above is taken from an American paper. 1 HIGHLANDERS' LETTER POSTING.-Queer scenes are to be seen at the Post-office at Wick, especially on Saturday evenings, when hundreds of letters are posted by the Highland fishermen (says the Northern Ensign). When the penny postage was first established, our then worthy postmaster, Mr. Craig, had many a hard night's work among the Highlanders, who illustrated their character by endeavouring to beat down the post. age to a halfpenny, alleging that the letter was a little one, and that the Highland postmaster never charged more than a halfpenny. From the out stations beyond the daily delivery they would come, and while one would apk if there was a letter for him, he would answer to the interrogatory as to his name, "Och, ye 11 see it on the back of the letter," and on the name being at last communicated, and the information given that there was no letter for him, Donald often put the poser, Do you think she will be the morn 1" Donald has learned by experience, however, but at present it generally requires four Highlanders to complete the modus operandi of posting a letter. One brings it to the office, wrapped up in a piece of paper, a second precedes him and buys a stamp handing the stamp to a third, he, after various licks and manipulations, gets her Majesty's head affixed to the letter and the fourth after looking into the slip with considerable suspicion, cautiously lets it drop, and the whole four finish the performance by peeping down the slit to see that all is well with their missi ve. This may be seen almost daily and especially on Saturday evenings. A MAGNIFICENT SIGHT (?)—There never was a more decisive or more brilliant engagement than that of Lissa. An eye-witness gives the following account of the encounter:- It was a magnificent sight, this attack. Baron Stemeck steered his ship so skilfully that the Ferdinand Max, with her iron prow, caught the Re d'Italia exactly In the middle oi ner broadside, somewhat under the water line, making a breach through which the water poured with violence. The shock was not felt so strongly on board the Ferdinand Max as was expected. On deck every one kept on their legs, i? w ?en ^ec^8 and in the machine-room, where the shock took all by surprise, some persons were thrown down. The enemy's iron-clad frigate heeled over at once and began to sink. At sight of this the cannon ceased firing on both sides; the fresh breeze blew aside the smoke and left the view open. The officers turned their glarses to the splendid ship going down with all her crew, and the men looked on in silence. A moment more, and that magnificent vessel had disappeared In the deep, and only a huge vortex marked the spot where just before it had stood so threateningly. A tremendous victorious hurrah was the death-hymn of the Re d'Italia, and then the thunder of the guns began again more furiously than before. COURAGE AT THE RECENT NAVAL ENGAGEMENT AT LISBA.-Poor Boggio displayed great heroism in his last moments (says the correspondent of the Standard). M. Gualterio, the son of the Prefect of Naples, saw him walking steadily UD AND the deck of the Re d'ltalia, just as7 tlfe vesselw^ beginning to sink. His perpetual eye-zlasH »m„ j stuck in its usual place, and his good-humoured half ironical smile was unchanged. Tha „„alt" said, wanted me to go with him K Affondatore (the Sinker), and perhaps I nh^ i been better off, for here pare rhe¥\,u- have passivo (that is, that we ar« to vf st cangi in stead of sinking the otheS^ V 8unk ™™>lves in- saved, and afterwards related ™ri° ^as stances of the fruitless u stt?y' Many in" pn that sad occasion come toF *A Italians and arp nnf 4-u r us from Austrian sources, Among tM^r' t0Lthe suspicion.' on board of mention the episode of the marines SLR LI^ Re /Italia wlo climbed into the sgmg of the doomed vessel, and did some deadlv SSSsr^ the "fficei?,and «ew of the Austrian aB^ire11 the story of the officer who snate^d, At th* flag of the Ifa d'ltalift) irtyppfd it round his body, ond disappeared among the waves ) with his prize, which two Austrian officers had hoped to seize as a trophy. The Italian might have saved himself by springing into the Austrian boat, but," says the THester Zeitung, "he chose to be engulfed with his vessel rather than yield his flag. AN ELEPHANT'S PRACTICAL J OKE.-At the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, the other day a crowd had assembled around the elephant's enclosure, and whilst the majestic quadruped was contemplating with philo- sophic eye the admiring spectators, a rat which had escaped from the pursuit of a terrier in another part of the gardens finding no other place of refuge, ran up the elephant's trunk at the moment when the latter had brought that appendage in contact with the earth for the purpose of smelling a piece of bread that one of the spectators had thrown him. The elephant, evidently annoyed at this act of fami- ffii .i°n v,e Part °f the rat used every effort to get rid oi the troublesome intruder, but in vain. At length, as if struck by some humorous idea, the pachyderm went to his pond, and filling his trunk with water, forced it out f?,^1 T'ith snch violence that the poor rat was half llled by the shock. But the singular scene did not end here. The elephant has vindictive feelings as well as every other living being, and to gratify these he repeated the process four times taking the rat up and casting it down again with great force each time. PLEASANT LIFE IN SOUTH AMERICA.—A letter • •iaiL describes some of the beauties of soldiering m South America alraTdV kiiiJ!? Sf™ abound. In my own tent I have accomLniert hi Fvery m°rning I find myself toadf whJnb hL b0rtjl,guard of fl«een or twenty monstrous of the hfdpa l tly Bpent the nlght under the corners of the hides that serve me as a bed. Enormous alligators promenade regularly from lake to lake every night In a about six^eethfwfh 0ne was ki,led ,hat measured aoout six feet in length, and an unfortunate Brazilian soldier was unexpectedly taken off his legs by one of these horrible, creatures and carried into the nearest lake.
EPITOME OF NEWS.
EPITOME OF NEWS. BRITISH AND FOREIGN. I Austrian Consul in New York has opened a subscription for the benefit of his countrymen wounded in the late terrible battles in Germany. The Judiciary Committee of the House of Repre- sentatives have reported that there is probable cause to believe that Mr. Davis was privy to the assassination of President Lincoln. The committee recommend a further in- vestigation and speedy trial. The Rev. Lord Bayning died at Honingham, Nor. folk, on Sunday. The deceased nobleman, who took his degree of M.A, at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1817, was rector of Honingham and East Taddenham, Norfolk, and was a rural dean in the diocese of Norwich. Be was formerly rector of Brome, in Suffolk. His son died a few months since, and the peerage, which was created in Octo- ber, 1797, becomes extinct. The Sumter war steamer, which did so much damage to the American mercantile navy during the existence of the late Confederate Government, has just arrived at Hull. She is to undergo certain alterations to fit her for the con- veyance of cattle between the Continent and Hull. On Saturday, at Glasgow, a gentleman had drawn 680t. from the bank, but before placing the notes for the amount in his pocket he turned for a moment to converse with a friend, leaving the money on the counter. When he again looked at the spot where he had left the notes they had gone, and no trace of them has since been discovered. Mr. Newdegate has given notice that he will next session Introduce a bill for the commutation of church rates. It is stated that there is a hitch in the negotiations between Austria and Italy. France has declined, it seems, to conduct them any further at present, and the two Powers are left face to face. The loss in the United States by fire during the last six months has amounted to forty-five millions of dollars. ..A ^er^. oorrespondent of the Cologne Gazette says that Count Bismarck is not to be created Duke of Lauenburg, as some journals have asserted, that title being in fact borne by the King of Prussia, but Prince Bismarck. The number of French bankruptcies adjudicated during the month of July by the Tribunal of Commerce was 182. So large a number has not been reached for many years it is believed, not since 1848. ^^e internal tax to the United States Government is at the rate of three cents. (l £ d.) daily for each inhabitant of tha country. Upwards of 100,000,000 eggs were exported to South- ampton from Havre, St. Malo, Honfieur, and Carenton. last year. Mr. Frank Buckland acknowledges in Land and Water the receipt of a beautiful little salmon, about eight pounds in weight and 26 inches in length, caught in a net in Long Reach, above Gravesend. It is affirmed that the general health of the Em- peror of the French Is very bad. If anything should happen to him at this moment there would be a very pretty im- broglio on the continent. During the last twelve months the number of railway travellers in France has been seventy-one millions. In that period one traveller in every fifteen millions has been killed; and ene in every 900,000 wounded. This is a much smaller proportion of casualties than occurs to travellers on ordinary roads. Saturday next, the 11th, has been fixed as the day on which Banks, the Preston murderer, will be hanged, at Lancaster Castle. It is stated that two petitions to the Home Secretary, praying for a commutation of the culprit's sentence to penal servitude for life, are being got up,-one at Lancaster and the other at Preston. The Zoological Gardens at Frankfort have sold all their animals to a Hamburg company, as there are no longer any means of meeting expenses. Houses and landed pro- perty are scarcely saleable. All branches of public income show a considerable decrease. A feeling of uncertainty pre- vails, which for a long time will cripple all commerce. Two days before the battle of Koniggratz, the Com- I mander-in-Chief (Benedek) sent a message to the Emperor which must have shaken his very throne-" Sire, you must make peace !Times' Special Correspondent. The Railway News stated that Mr. Hawkshaw con- tinues to be fully occupied with his investigations in the Channel, with a view to the selection of the site for the tunnel between England and France, and these preliminary examinations will last some weeks longer. Ali kinds of sug- gestions are offered, one of the most original being that of an iron tube suspended by buoys in the Channel for trains to pass through. An old man, employed as a ship keeper at the Queen's Dock, Liverpool, has paid a severe penalty. He boasted that he could walk on board his vessel by the rope which moored her to the quay; but he had hardly gone three paces when he fell into the dock and was drowned. The receipts of the United States for the last-fiscal year were 558,056,955 68 dols. During the same period the expenditures of the United States were 520,833,559 00 dols. This exhibits most probably the largest annual peace revenue and expenditure of any nation on the globe. The revenues are all raised from taxation, with the exception of the small amount received from land sales, and perhaps some 30,000,000 dols. which were realized from sales of Government property at the close of the war. The Journal of the British Horological Institute says that the President, in his annual review of their proceed insrs stated that they hal it on the authority of Mr. Ellis of the Royal Observatory, that there is no clock at Greenwich that keeps time so well as Mr. Denison's clock in the tower of the Houses of Parliament." It reports its own rate automatically twice a day to Greenwich by electric telegraph, a test to which no other public clock has ever been subjected. On Saturday, at Manchester, a railway porter brought an action against the Great Western Railway Com- pany to recover compensation for injuries sustained. The plaintiff was employed on the London and North-Western line at Victoria Station, and he was injured by a train of the defendants being shunted, without sufficient warning on to a siding on which the plaintiff was engaged. He was much injured, and was confined to the infirmary some thirty So! y f0Und a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, The Marquis Camden was found dead in his bed on Monday morning, about eight o'clock, at his seat Bayham Abbey, near Tunbridge Wells, from natural causes. His medical attendant was sent for, and pronounced life to have been extinct for some hours. The Earl of Brecknock, now Marquis Camden, was on his wedding tour, and was Immediately sent for. The deceased nobleman was born on e 2,nd of May, 1799, and was consequently in his sixty- eighth year. The newspaper correspondents, or commissioneis, to call them by their new name, tell a good story of the pianist Schulhoff. He was arrested at Dresden; the Prussians suspected him of being a spy. He opened the piano in the Spiesesaal, and constituted his identity at once by playing his famous galop and some other pieces, as Schulhoff onlv could play them; so they let him go. The logic was not clear, except the axiom be that a great pianoforte-plaver never can be a spy. v An inquest has been held at Appleford, Berks, on the body of an infant, aged six weeks. The child was placed ™ ,™othe^ ,m.» cradle, and shortly afterwards the cat jumped in and laid on the child's face. The mother, not ap- prehending any danger, but rather pleased than otherwise, at what she tnought the cat's affection, went and called a neighbour to see the two lying asleep, and on their going into the house they found, on removing the cat, that the in- fant had been smothered. The jury returned a verdict under hese unhappy circumstances of Smothered by a cat." The celebrated Petit Journal of Paris, the first half- penny daily paper established in France, the origin of so many others, and whose circulation is now not far short of w ?ay' about to transform itself from a ai Jofat-s'ock concern. It can now afford to pay I ??[, f y on. Is tlny Pages the talents of the best 1^!?? France. The shares are issued at 600f., and are advised to pay a dividend of 68f. 40c., or about 14 per cent. migration from Liverpool during the past month of July has much fallen off, owing, no doubt, to the prevalence of cholera, the harvest, and the quarantine placed over our vessels in foreign parts. The returns are as follows:- •n- H during July of ships under the Act, to the United States, 21, with 6,571 steerage and 288 cabin pas- sengers-total, 6,859 to Canada, four ships, with 541 steerage and 165 cabin passengers and to Victoria, one ship, with 897 passengers, making a total of twenty-six ships and 7,963 passengers. Not under the Act, there sailed to various parts nineteen ships, with 1,028 passengers. According to the internal revenue statistics there is now annually consumed in the United States about forty-five million gallons of spirituous liquors. Allowing that 5 dollars per gallon is the average that consumers pay for snlritimn. liquors, that would give, as the annual sum devoted to S liquors, two hundred million dollars. 10 such The Cork Examiner states that within asWf • j four vessels which run between Queenstown have brought back about 200 passenger/es^h i .York of whom were Irish. This Irish '^mmicrS artisans of the lower grades and labomf^a £ J8 of lately, and who have not succeeded ?n !e,t Ire3and the well paid employment they expected T^8 !? America wages are high in the United Stato.fl state that if has much increased as com Dared price ot Pulsions the civil war, and that their e Period preceding not have been Improved hv ?vWould consequently still leaving Cork, however Tn r™ ?/ u,re' Emigrants are T, — wever> m considerable numbers, York have exchareeS »! London and the Mayor of New Atlantic Cable Tha^ ^e^I1S!s throuSh the medium of the May on? rnmL«rd telegram was as follows united a tnTvt 1 ur^sh' and may Peace and prosperity of man direr-tlrt h ^responsecame' "the energy and genius Continejito M bv the providence of God, have united tho ness of all V,.« ay ^V^ Instrumental In securing the happi- ness of all nations and the rights of all people." Of ?fee than 1'?°? pite™1118 t0 1*0 Moranon settlement reported as being encamped near Nebraska city on the Missouri river. They have been sent out by the wh° be urmsnally active just now in Europe. Ihey say that they are awating a band of Dros«lytes from Germany. On the other hand, seventeen families, eighty persons in all, have lately left the Mormon settlement, and are travelling eastward \n a body. Among them is the former clerk of Brigham Young and the" Clerk of tha. Twelve Apostles." A gentleman in Michigan, owning a building which was situate on the lands of the Michigan Central Hail way and the company desiring him to remove it, the superin- tendent, who writes a most uncouth hand, sent him a short letter, authorising its removal at once. The house was not taken away, however, and three months after the superin- tendent met the owner, and began scolding him for not doing it. The explanation was aocn made. The notice had been received; nobody could decipher it; some one had suggested that it might be a free pass, and upon that sugges- tion the owner of the building had been riding over the road for three monthjL the conductors being as unable as the rest ot tin worm toowlphw tie not*.—Amriwn Paper. The number of wrecks reported during the past H>44 ^8S ^eeu making for the present year a total of The New York Commercial Advertiser mentions that seven young ladies have just taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary. A visit of an illustrious foreigner is expected at Paris, Coree*& ■1"ributary Prince of China, sent by the King of A Russian gentleman named Nariskine has earned tSo A"1 an immortal name amongst the frequenters of rw,« t'l gamblinghouses—and, in fact, all over the continent—by breaking the Baden-Baden Bank three times during the present season. From a return just published it appears that in 1864, on the Indian railways, 125 perions were killed and 118 in- period 0 were 13,000,000 passengers during the same A railway is now being constructed for the private use of the Suitan between Unkiar-Skelessi and the Sultan's summer residence at Tokat, on the Asiatic coast of the Bosphorus. Dr. Huntington, of Boston, who has been made Bishop of Maine, was ten years ago minister of the largest regular Unitarian congregation ia New England. Amongst various relics of the late rebellion preserved at Washington, one which attracts much attention is a six- pounder smooth-bore cannon which fired into the United States steamer Star of the West when it attempted to relieve the garrison of Fort Sumter; that was the first shot of the rebellion. The execution of Grant, for the murder of a little boy at Studdon Heights, near Plymouth, will take place on Wednesday the 15th instant. The murder was so atrocious that no efforts at reprieve are considered likely. There are now forty-three Austrian and Saxon guns in the garden before the Ro}al Palace at Berlin. The others that have been taken during the war have been distributed among the Prussian fortresses. It is said that the London Standard, on the morning after the Hyde-park riots, sold the enormous extent of nearly 180,000 copies. A bet of no less a sum than 40,000l. has been made between Sir Joseph Hawley and Mr. Henry Chaplin, each backing their respective representatives-the Palmer and the Hermit-for the Derby-one to win."— Court Journal. It has lately been discovered that a beautiful scarlet or purple dye can be produced from theine, an oil extracted from tea, and it is also found in the leaves of a species of horse chestnut and holly which grow in Brazil. The special correspondent of The Times attached to the Austrian army, maintains, in direct contradiction to the Prussian military correspondent of the same journal, that in every encounter the Austrian cavalry has shown its superiority to the Prussian. The Greek census of 1864 has just been published at Athens. The total population in that year was 1 400 C00. There were 8,500 marriages, 38,500 births, and 28,000 death A white metal has often been found in some of the California placere diggings, which is now ascertained to be platinum. It is worth, in California, 6 dollars per oz unless when largely mixed with iridium or osmium—as is often the case, when it brings but 2 dols. per oz. This white metal is used in tipping gold pens with what are termed diamond points. A man, living at a ^village near Mobile, attempted to frighten some girls by wrapping a white cloth around his body, and personating a ghost. All ran but one, who pulled out a revolver, and fired six balls into the head and body. At the first shot the ghost fell, rut she continued firing. She then went home and related the circumstance, and parties returning to the spot found life entirely extinct, two balls having penetrated the forehead, and the other four the region of the heart. Excursionists from Glasgow to Burns's Monument at Ayr have carried away the back of one of the monument chairs, on which are a series of paintings illustrative of the poet's works, by Stevens. On Monday week, after a large party had left the grounds, it was found that an attempt had been made to enter the glass case containing the few Herald ns are 1x1 the m<>nument."—Glasgoio Daily Two Italian gentlemen, Colonel Castillingo and Signor Bosi, have been purchasing horses in England for King Victor Emmanuel during the last few weeks. They have bought altogether about twenty-five choice animals. "An impatient Welshman called to his wife: Come, come, isn't breakfast ready ? I've had nothing since yester- day, and to-morrow will be the third day !'—This is equal to the call of the stirring housewife, who aroused her maid at four o'clock with, 'Come, Bridget, get up Here, 'tis Mon- day morning, to-morrow is Tuesday, the next day's Wednes- day-half the week gone, and nothing doneyet.—American Paper. The Bureau Veritas of Paris, just published, shows that during the month of June last the number of vessels totally lost was 145, of which 72 were English, 20 American, 12 French, 9 Spanish, 3 Austrian, and 29 belonging to various countries. Eight vessels are supposed to have been lost with their crews, as no intelligence of them has been received. The number of vessels lost in the first half year of 1866, up to June 30, is 1,511. An American civic body of authorities has put for- ward the question of right to property in a new light Dr. Powell, a Kentucky phrenologist, bequeathed his head to his pupil, Professor Kukler. Kukler got it from the grave, but Kentucky now claims it "as part of the soil" of Ken- tucky, and a law process is imminent. In London a youth, seventeen years old has drowned himself in a water-butt, because he had' been taunted by his fellow-workmen with having been in prison for theft. Mr. George Peabody continues to dispense his ?nan nnn Am,erica- He has presented Boston with 1,000,000 dollars to provide homes for the poor: has be- stowed 50,000 dollars a-piece on Harvard, Amherst, and Williams Colleges, in the state of Massachusetts; and has given 50,000 to each of his four nephews, one of whom is the > local reporter on a newspaper in the town of Zanesville, Ohio. A negro woman was recently permitted to kneel between two whites at the Altar of Grace Episcopal Church in Memphis, Tennessee, and partake the sacrament of the •" Lord's Supper. The occurrence is unprecedented in the » history of the Southern States. ■ On Saturday afternoon a rumour obtained cur- rency in Liverpool, nobody knows how, that a member of one of our most eminent steamship owning firms, while going on board a mail steamer in the river that morning, had been drowned. We are glad to state that the report is without any foundation. The office of the firm was inun- i dated with anxious and sympathizing inquirers, but focta- nately the gentleman was able to answer them in person. Liverpool Albion. j "There is a new bonnet on the horizon. It is made of one large full-blown rose, which lies flat on the top of the | head, sewn ona scarf of dew bedropped tulle, which is crossed j under the chin, where another small rose peeps forth. The 4. whole Is called chapeau puff "—Court Journal. 'J'he Augsburg Gazette reports a curious incident re* lative to the recent events at Frankfort. The French Momteur (the official organ) has been seized there for having published an article in which it speaks of that unfortunate < city." TfaA.Pllstom'1:lcrase officials of New York are fur- nished with small vials, containing each an ounce of some greyish cholera mixture, with which they immediately dose each person, sick or well, who arrives in that port. A bill has been presented in the American Congress for the construction of a submerged tubular bridge across the Mississippi. The Mahometan inhabitants of Mazanderan, in Persia, massacred a great number of Jews in that town dur- ing the festival of the Moharren, and have compelled rest to adopt Mahomedanism. rest to adopt Mahomedanism. Pompey O'Bannon, a negro suspected of the murder of a white woman in Georgia, has been burned to death at a | stake by a mob after having his ears cut off. One William Dean having been convicted in Michi- gan on a charge of illegal voting, because he had one six- teenth of African blood in his veins, the Supreme Court has decided that persons are white within the meaning of the constitution who have less than one-fourth of African blood- J Among the many casualties from gunpowder fired in celebration of the 4th of July in America one is reported as having occurred to the eldest daughter of Mis Stowa. She was passing along a street in Hartford, when a ball frodl a pistol, discharged from a group of boys, passed throagU her right arm, severing a nerve, and occasioning a paralyse of the entire right side. OF* 4 A Connecticut paper says that several months since a peacock near one of the railroad stations on the Danbury and Norwalk-road, which was sitting on the rail at the time the cars were passing, jumped off, leaving his tail across the rail. The cars passed over it, cutting it off. As soon as he saw the extent of the damage he started for the woods againld n°fc return Untu 1118 tail had entirely grown out Among the incomes for the year 1865 which are now being published are the following reported bv well' known wealthy AinerlcansWilliam B. Astor dols., Jay Cooke, the loan agent 625 ooo Hnio »,Aiiu0 Vanderoilt, 623,960 dols.; wfi WheXev th« manager, 380,000 dols. wneauey, the A young man named Lockwood, employed at the h Tas at a beerhouse in Leeds, and took n? a gun which was lying on a table in the sitting-room. Th« -^aS JpreParin8 to go out with some friends, wh<J Tt!i IT? .Vs er in a cab at the door, when Lockwood S' .Let.s 866 y°u loo& sharp," and then took up the g^11' as he has since said, raised the hammer, and the gun, whic» was loaded, went off, and the shot literally blew her bra*°* out. It appears that Lockwood was not aware that the gu0. was charged. The poor woman, who was about 26 years ol age, has left three or four children. The select committee to whom the Railways (Guardt and Passengers Communication) Bill was referred have con- sidered the bill, which they have agreed to report to the House without amendment, and have agreed to the following spep'al report" Your Committee think it highly desirabW that there should be a communication between tne passe11* gers and guards on railways; but in consequence of the late session, they suggest that the bill for this object; should be postponed till the beginning ot the next session ot Parliament, and hope that in the meantime the railway panies will use their best exertions to carry out the suggest6*1 communication between guards and passengers At the Manchester Assizes, the Grand Jurv xo^e a presentment in which they directed the Judge's attention to the great arnoimt of crime which appeared to origin**8 in beerhouses, and was committPrf il. r° ted those nlaces Th«ir persons who frequen great ^fifgree attributahlo /n but think that" house licenses were £ >r»nf»J^ clrcumstance that bee** were unfitted ™ 8Ja&ted indiscriminately to persons Kgularity which .SUCh,h0U8es *ith that order »» £ Lortship slw thi™ Dtemplated by the Legislature. villagew^P10011 a fire broke out at W poor familip! ?; I l in, a short time oaused fifte<» £ tnrn K I b,e Useless; their abode*, with tb eir furt^ ture, being entirely consumed. It was nearly three i thl eng fr°m Oxford arrived, too lat'. to save any the cottages. The fire broke out in a'hovel whpr« some embers had been incautiously thrown in with th« »«ties T"0 door of the cottage had beeVleft open^ Md^bundi^ an!? th flChed' fire 800n communicated to the cottage £ and the flames being assisted by a strong wind the tett ments were very quickly burned ta the ground The Lords Justices have had before them a to commit two daughters and a son-in-law of a lunatic prison for having offered by advertisement a reward to person who would procure the liberation of Thlir f^l, SRI'SSA"' FRRF f <»» Botfin tn.$ ,"at be voted for himself. The daughter* ASSST"*1^S°°°IN temp/ateasn?oT5^ 4hat the Emperor Napoleon .:°^nain2 a»* order of chivalry, for the bv Parvices '•rpnH)enSinS Tomen who distinguish thems^ y Dy --aryiees rendered to humanity and to the country J. orders hIv8eexfaatPdafd pr?uoiPaUy "y their noble acts." orders have existed for a long time past in Prussia. SWR(1?i0 Austria, Russia, Spain, and Denmark. In France, ths si""?* cross of the Legion of Honour is sometimes thou srh given to women. The last who was deoorll.ted waS succeeded/ Tie was fUrn.i 1°° guiaeas ar^nt conf%d wrote, "Vd me7he S^d.With,PaPer aad Raiting a moment whilJ th« Sp you caDV MOK a cigar and held it to tut l!8ag0 was sent, he too*- 0g, the cigar was lisht^ the *ire- The spark ThisisVotSdaiaio^nKd1f Lord P" t 3 a J°«e, but is given amongst the news- patents &and&a i^^Dftf^?re4W?re ^>386 applications more than a thifrf ?K ,f Act' Passed the seal; with Of th« ♦ e aPP'lc«»°ns were not P«>oeiV became voirt at Fh 5 ac'ua}iy sealed, about 70 PeT% of the fin/ d atlhf end °? *&,e third year by °{ the rem»Wwd y t"en Payable, and about 90 per by noT^-deWm,? yold at the end of the seventhj t*» a/™™ ?vyiae*n<i x°i the woi- stamp duty then pay»blW recelnfca^f ?s a second term of seven year»v. Patent-offlc» in thq year 1885 amount*1