The Cambria Daily Leader

I RECOLLECTIONS. III. Th e Co [leg e Fig h t. j By Mr. John Williams, Brynmii. There were ten schools under the second School Board (among which was Goat- street British School, which was trans- ferred to the Board in July, 1875,) with 4,210 children on books, 20 head teachers, 10 assistants and 40 pupil teachers—a total number of teachers of 70—besides moni- tors. £12,i,H Os, 9d. had been received from the authonties-ahout Is. 441-d. in be < £ —givng an average throughout the three years of about Sid. per annum. The third triennial report (issued by the Board in November, 1879,) stated that Results obtained in the schools during the pa(- three years compare favourably with the average throughout the King- dom, not only in the education they snp- ply but also in their cos*, which ;5 nearly 3s 6d. per head, lower than the average in all the schools in England and Wales. The poverty throughout the district, especially around Brynhyfryd and the Sandneldp, has been unusually great dur- ing the period for which the Board had held office: and largi? numbers of child- ren had therefore been constantly in re- ceipt of school'ng free, or at much lower rates than those provided for in the scale of tho Board. HIGHER EDUCATION. [n December 1880, the Welsh Education Commission visited Swansea, and the School Board then summoned a con- ference of those interested in Inter- in(I Education in Wales, and presented to the Commission evidence cliieflv directed, firstly, to chow the need of Higher Education in this neighbour- ti,io(I and the kind best suited to the com- merce and industries of the port and the characteristic of the population: and, secondly, to point out the defects of exist- j ing provision for Intermediate Education at the Grammar School and elsewhere, and to suggest the best means of remedy- i ing those defects. The Board was also anxious to forward the project of a Col- lege to be placed in the town. and greatly deplored that so little energy and enthu- iasii-i were shown in setting forth the claims of Swansea.. In this connection, however, it is but fair to say that the Town Council subse- quently mad e a valiant fight for locating the South Wales University College at Swansea. A striking memorial was pre- pared and presented to a Commission sit- ting in London, consisting o<f Lord Bram- j well. Lord Carlingford, and Mr. Mundclla. who sat as arbitrators to decide whether the College should be located at Swansea or Cardiff. Our case was very ably put forward, especially by the late Lord Swansea (or. as he was then called, Sir Hussev Vivian), but the decision rriven was in favour of Cardiff. Tho result was loyally accepted by Swansea, and heartv co-operation was extended in the estaV 1 Hshment a the College—a co-operation which has existed up to the present. Sir Hussev Vivian accepted the office of Treasurer and made an eloquent appeal at the foundation meeting, which elicited the remark from Lord Carling- ford (who was present,) that it was highly significant as coming from one who nad proved such a doughty oppon- ent but a short time previously In passing, it may be stated that in the rivalry between the two towns, though Cardiff has had more than its ,hare of Government favours, Swansea has invariably acted with patriotism and loyalty and in a wholehearted spirit, though it is to be doubted whether this has always met with ade- I quate reciprocation from the sister town when Swansea has scored. TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. Higher education was advocated by the School Board nearly .1,0 years ago, and the Trinity Place Board School was converted into a Higher Grade School in 1883, subsequently developing into tho successful Municipal Secondary School which it is to-day. I very well remem- ber being asked to attend a meeting of the Board t-o take part in a discussion on the teaching of technical and scien- tific subjects which resulted eventually in the appointment of Mr. Wakefield as a Peripatetic Science Demonstrator, in 1890. The Town Council too, i e- sides the part it had taken in endeav- ouring to secure the University College of South Wales for Swansea, did ex- cellent work in the early nineties of the last century in the promotion of Technical Instruction. It formed a committee under the Welsh. Inter- mediate Educational Act of 1889, con- sisting of :—the :ate Alderman Free- man, Sir John Jones Jenkins (after- wards the Lord Glazil-aw e), Aid. R. Martin, Oauu. M Tutton. and the late Judge David Lewis. Numerous sittiuas were held and evidence given by, or opinions obtained from, the fOllOWilll-. ltcv. B .J. Binns, H.M.I., Messrs. R. D. Burnie. M.P., J. W. J. Dagger, 1 r. Willi am Morgan, J. Roberts, C.E., F. F. Hosford, A. R. Mollison, H R. Wakefield, Mort, Huxham, C .H. Glas- codine, Philip Rogers, and myself, ihe evidence was directed principally to (a) the subjects that should be taught, (b) the relative importance of the sub- jects that should be taught, and (o) the best site for the school; and the mittee reported that, "having fully considered the opinions expressed lid the evidence given before them, etc they are unanimously of opinion it is emphatically importadnt to bring leon- nical Instruction, if it is to be of pra'.vi- cal value, into the very closest connec- tion with the local industries, and m as many ways as possible. They therefore recommend that the school to be estab- lished in Swansea should be a school of the highest possible order for the teach- ing of scientific principles and their ap- plication to the local industries at pre- sent existing, and such as should be fos- tered and encouraged in end aret?d Swansea." THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. The establishment of the Grammar School as an Intermediate School under the provisions of the Welsh Intermediate Education Act was the outcome, and a much-needed impetus was thus g. von to an old and. at one thne, suoees&ful intrti- tutr.ou which, as had been intimated in j one of the triennial reports of the School Board, a.s well as long previously by many burgessos and as publicly stated in the; Press, had bid itself open to a charge of inefficiency. At the passing t-f 'lie Educa- j tional Act in 1870 the education Í1pparted was certainly far from being satisfactory, j Founded in 1R82 by Bishop Gore, it was carried on 'n Goat-street, on the eite of the Gore House public-house before the present buildings, begun in 1S82, were built. It was, and is, endowed from a large and valuable colliery Mtn.;e pro- ducing an increasing income, and had j accommodation for a number of boarders and day scholars, and although intend.e(I for the education of the poorer classes, had become select and limited in scope- practically the Eton or "Harrow" of Swansea and district. The education imparted was aLso circumscribed, so much 60, that we find, that in lS, in a suit in Chancery appertaining to the school and its administration and endowments, cer- j tain inhabitants of tho town stated in an j affidavit as follows: In our opinion an education merely confined to the teaching of Latin and Ciraek would not be so bene- (CouLiuutU at loot of next column).

THE EIGI-ITH. t t li _„ A f' T Anniversary* of Turntng I Poiht in War. j While none of us now alive is likely ever to forget the significance of August the Fourtii, many will continue to regard j I August the Eighth of the last year of the war, and the beginning of its end, as hav- ing in it almost as much of the dramatic and the unexpected as the very com- mencement of the tragedy. And the over- ( whehnuig and rapid nature 01 the rever- sal of fortunes of which that was the commencement still soeuis to have in it some element of the miraculous. I Though the highth" was the actual beginning, the way was pointed by the little Hamel" slunt," July 15th (r), in whieh, alter only a few minuted bom- bardment the new tanks and the infantry got the objectives cheaply. Looking back now, it seems almost unbeiievable that,  we, one of many forward sections of t?nk battalions spread defensively along the vital Albert-Amiens front, should have expected any morning until then (per- haps after I cannot remember) an at- tack by tho Germans in a last attempt to get Amiens. What measure of success would have attended it, had it materia- lised, does not now arise, but it can be ifna?inc?d that the number of guns that opened fire for the first time in this ex- periment was something of a revelation } Anyhow, there was no retaliation. The hold venture was decided on, and with fine secrecy first 013 forward tank sec-I tions rejoined their companies, then bat- talions shifted to concentration points, II where there were sometimes more than the brigade (three battalions) and finally. *bout three nights before the projected  attack, sorted themselves out in com- panies behind the front, for final prepara- tions. To some of us fell the honour of bein? near the very vital heap of ruins— Viniers Breton ux-for wbich the Aus- tralians had fought so courageously, and the further honour of leading the Aus- tralians in the attack. It was not till the evening of the 7th that wo knew anything of the measure of the plan. Officers had come back from the line with the news that there was an enormous concentration of guns, and that j the infantry in the line knaw an attack was coming, and were confident, but did not know when it was to be. In the evening we saw the battle mop with ob- jectives for our immediate sector, guessed that in total this must be one of the thintra of the war. and went forward at dusk. and eventually "over" in the fog at zero, obviously unexpected, with the feeling that if it succeeded it would be a hrrre step towards the ending of hostili- ties. Later, even those who were not able to progress long after the cheap capture of first objectives, went back having seen cavalrv. armoured C'ars and more infantry streaming through, and with a dim idea that, in truth, it rfiigM well be the be- ) ginning of the nfl. u E, J.

(OVERCHARGING FOR DRINK. i I West Wales Licensees Fined. I At Whi'tland Petty Sessions John Morris, Narbsrth Arms. Clynderwen, was fined 40s. for eelling a glass of rum above the maximum price, and 40s. for not ex- hibiting a price list For selling n of whiskey above the maximum price Phoebe Thomas, Iron Duke Inn, Clynderwen, was fined 40s.. and a^o a similar amount for not et- hihitif,* a price list. C,tthc,r,ine Evans, Railway Inn, IJnn- faW-eg. was fined 4fu. for selling beer above the maximum.—Mr. W. R. James, Narberth appeared to p^ceecute for the Food Ministry, and evidence was given I by Inspector ?••• •; t

I THE WORK POTION. Our economic experts are formu- lating their theories as to the real causes of industrial unrest. They are, as experts always are, a few stages behind the superficial theo rists. There is, of course, al ways the possibility of wis- dom proceeding from the mouths of babes and sucklings. There is, too, the not remote possibility tha, the old school of economists will stick to old shibboleths, oblivious 10 the fact that the theory they bow before is not, and never can be, an exact science like mathematics, For these reasons it is well to give ear to any suggested way out that is not, on the face of it, of a wild cat nature. And, because the problem is such a big one, and its solution or non-solution fraught with such grave possibilities, it is well to risk the confusion that is said to exist in a multitude of counsellors, in the hope of finding a radiant gem of logic in some hitherto neglected cavern. One turns with expectancy to the utterance of a captain of indus- try like Sir Charles \Y. Macara, bj cause he is one oi those earnest men who have gone into this subject with a breadth of vision, studying the problem of the relation of capi- tal to labour from the view-point of the wa|je-earner as well as that of the wage-payer. An interview with him appears i-n the current issue of the Cotton Factory Times," and while we read it with interest, and find much in it with which we can agree we are bound to admit that h, brings no fresh fuel to the furnaces on which we have placed our crucible of investigation. Probably he is as nearly right as most of our earnest students; for what he calls for as the essential in manufacture 's friendly co-operation between Capital and Labour. What he does not tell us is how to convince the apostles of Stint and their dis ciples of the fundamental truth of bis theory. Those of us who regard the facts from the double view- point will find profit in the study of his utterance. The trouble is that the extremists on both sides cling to their heresies with the character- istic tenacity of the pig-headed. Sir Charles Macara may pardon us for the opinion that it will be harder to drive his theory into obstinate heads than to formu- late the Let us examine Sir Charles's ar- guments, which are well worth the study of all reasonable men. At the outset he points out that the re- turn of the capitalist, if divided among the workers, would add iittle to the earnings of the indi vidual. We believe it was the lalA i Lord Rhondda who declared that in one of the collieries with which he was connected the men had r e- j ceived in a number of years twenty I five times more than the share holders. The inference should oe obvious. By wiping out the capi- talist altogether, on such a basis, the worker would merely turn his pounds into guineas. Sir Charles quotes Mr. Hartley Withers as showing that the average dividend was risen from 10.4 per cent. in 1913-14 to 11 per cent. in 1918-19, And the rate of profit on capital in the same period from 9.4 to 11.2 per cent. Meantime, the industrial shareholders' income tax has gone up from Is. 2d. to 6s., so that the shareholder's actual cash receipt has fallen from RD 16s. per cent, to £ 7 14s.; and in the same period, according to the admitted figures, the purchasing power of money has been reduced- by at least 50 per cent. One very big point which Sir Charles makes, hut which we ven- ture to think will not find favour with the Syndicalists, is the import ance of thrift. FfJend A blett and others of bis kind do not want th", workers to save. They know that very man with a stake in the coun- try is an enemy of the doctrine of destruction. Sir Charles says: Instead of; labour extremists endear vouring to set class against class. I would propose a worthier aim—to recognise and act upon the certainty that more than ever in our country's history, harmony between Capital and Labour is essential to their mutual well-being, as well as to the nation as a whole, Schemes ha?'e already been de- j vised and put in operation by which j the representatives of Capital aIltI Labour, with equal rights, can ascer- tain the profits of industry, and this being made general an equitable divi- sion could easily be effected. Truly an excellent theory, b.ut how shall it be driven into the brain of the man who does not want to agree with it? co We are glad to find earnest and honourable men in the despised capitalist class thinking construc- tively on the greatest problem that ever presented itself in the indus- trial laboratory. He has big com- panions in those progressive em- ployers such as the Cadburys, j Leverhulme, and nearer home, Mr. F. W. Gilbertson and the What we want now is the power to make the destroyer see the poison he has mixed with his Syndicalist reniedies for all the woes that be set. this weary old wnrld. We know the antidote, but what we have to I- is to stop the dangerous portion t being admiuistered-and swalloweJ j

r CLOSE OF THE SASSIWN. open-Air MeeHngs at Llandoverv. j The closing day of the Sassiwn attracted j thousands of people to the town. I The Welsh meetings were held in an ideaflv situated field. The preachers in- cluded the Revs. J. Richards, Dr. Cyn- ddylan .Tones, Dr. John Williams, Hum- phrey Jones, M. P. Morgan, W. E. Prvtherch, T. F. Jones. T. C. Williams. I M.A. The preachers at the English services in the Williams Pantyc-lyn Memorial Chapel "I' C nr'1" were the Revs. T. C. Jones, T. C. W iliiams, M.A., J. H. Owen, R n. Roberts, M.A., Evan Armstrong, and Principal Prys, M.A. Ample provision had been made to meet I the requirements of the visitors in the way of food

SWANSEA HOUSE SOLD. I I Mr. Joseph Harris, Auctioneer, who offered No. 66, Cromwell-terrace for sale on the 24th ult, by public auction, wJwn it was withdrawn has now disposed of the same by private treaty at the sum of £ G55 to Mr. Green. Swansea. I

t DEFICIENT IN BUTTER FAT. At Whitland Petty Se&siona, Thomas Beynon Evans, Tegtynydd, Llanfallteg, I was summoned by Inspector David j Roderick for gelling to him a eample of! milk deficient in butter fat by 18 per cent, There was a previous conviction and defendant was fined £ 50. Mr. Mathias, solicitor Karherth, appard for defendant

I I ? I TOWN TALK. I i What wo knead most to-day is bread. I Why Pronteers in the Dock ?P TLa sea would scarcely hold them. t s,t,a would scarcei, li(,I?l tiieiji. A shortage of bread should bare m terrors for Scotland, the Land o? Cakcc. for ?cotla-id, Land o' Caki?c. A Sketty restaurant boldly makes arai,)un(,c,iiieiit Tc-as and Sugar." We are gradually reverting io pre-war j ways. Th? oiHee of Poet Laureate does nc:.t; I carry with it any obligation to writ? poems." Nor that ti?y should be poeM'y if written. -&0;- j —it* — South America cro??ed by ni7,' &a?t j. one of yesterday's headlines. Even ia South America the wind bloweth where it listeth. —:o: The "Times," which eays that A nair-horso military wagon bolted m Sebastopol-road, Aldershot," avoids tho common error of puttng all the blame oa tho horses. A Swansea housewife who had eomo guests to entertain spent a fruitless tWI. hours yesterday searching for cakes and, other iittle dainties. It was reminiscent < of the celebrated needle and haystack alfair. If the price of clothes goes up much higher, most men will be losing their; wool," was the remark of a Brynhytryd man when his tailor said he had a nice range of suitings at from lljne to twelve, guineas. The stunting planes are a source cf general cDjoyinent-at least, to those on terra iirma. One of the popular flights, by the way, is that which includes a stunting performance over the passen- ger's hoii,e, and the dropping of a letter in the garden. —»OC — | Isn't there enough room on the Sanaa to tight out a wordy battle without com- mandeering and blocking up the public, thoroughfare? The other night a heated argument at the Slip attracted such a. crowd that for some time progress to ther' beach was well nigh impossible. — r—• The peacock in Brynmill Park has a.. eomtallt crowd of admirers these days. Visitors are nei-or tired of watching him. ? carrying out his elaborate and futile en. veloping movement against the two bon- tams who continue to pick up tbe odd grains cf corn unperturbed by the peacock or the audience -:0:- The poetic works of the late Daniel Del i o Geredigion. to whom reference was in our columns yesterday, were held in. high repute by his compatriots. It would, surprise a good many to know that the majority of the epitaphs on the tomb- stones in Cardiganshire are called from the works of Daniel Ddu. — S3:— A visitor just returned from Jers,-i says that tobacco and cigarettes cost U-sa than half our price, and practically all tho host-known brands of whisky rra. j readily obtainable at 7s. 6d. a bottle. Now, if Jersey were only within { radius of the Avro living trips, wouldn't? j j i ■; We were not alone in publishing young | Morgan Lloyd's photograph yesterday. j It also nnpearM in a well-known London daily. Truly this younss violinist is be- coming famous, what with notices, ftc., j in the London press. A correspondent in forms us that lie, will shortly proceed" j to London to further his studies. Some cf —<?— ? Some of thops people who "ay that th? j j ?n,n? of bowl?.i? bm!" ou?it ? We been.] at 'Idona Park last night, when a num- ber of bowim? tourn?mpnt? were playpd i off. Why. the excitement was positively intense, both spectators and players affected, the spectators, if anything, more; so than the players. i — -o A couple of discharged soldiers wcro j renewing old aeqnnintfmcesMn in a local" i t billiard saloon last night. what he thought of things generally an l home, the most recently discharged en replied thus: "What with strikes rrid: rumours of strikes, things are rotten i. the old country. If they go on hkr> this much longer, I shall be wishing for a return of the peaceful days of war! Yo Il don't want to go to the pic- tures to see the cannibals," was th., caustic remark of an indignant lady to), the kind father who was so unmerci- fully beating his littlo child in tho tftv. 1 last night. Kverybodv who observed tln exhibition agreed, and were very nleasc l to note the way the "man" tackled bv the woman—also that the re- mark had the desired effect.  It is an D?en w-re>t that A nunanford'» t rendering of the Welsh glee Sylvia at i Corwen was rot, on the whole, c.o good r=s, I at the final rehearsa ls, but in Bnoh' ehoms the excelled then: solve*, n1Hir\ tremendous power into the piece, tho parte working up to -;he climax with i nyghty swells, which laterally lifted the large concourse en its crest. ■ -:0:- A good many Mumbles folks 'Wr'" [ a.mused at the sight which met their gar-* f, in one of the main thoroughfares early Thursday morning when making then' way to the railway station. It was gentleman visitor parading up nnd down tlie ctrert do'?? his best to pacify a cry- ing baby. Although out for enjoyment, v?itors have to take the rough with tt smoot h j Jack Jones, M.P., of Silvertown, brought down the House and convulsed the front bench during the war leaders* gratuity debate with his ptory of the sea- man who, when his ship was about to go- | into action, was fnrnd by his captaincy his knees on the deck, and who. on being i interrogated by the captain, replied that he was rrayinar that the shells would fro wlmre the prize money went—among tb9 ofifcers." rather amusing sight was witne-sed* at the Mumbles on Thursday noli com an was on his beat round a di. trict where there A IT- a lot of blackberrv and furze hushes. He espied a rabbit, j and, doubtless, thinking of a cheap meat, he gave chase; but the bunny was toci- smart for him, and made for its hutch all full speed, where its ownpr— a tiny girl— soon locked it up when she espied the ana. of the law after it. '0\ ft is a coincidence that the winners cf the two chief bardic prizes at the National Eisteddfod this year—Rtv. Orwys Wil- liams (the crown) and Mr. D. P Davies (the chair)—should lie of the same age. both having been bom in 1S7.1. nnj,h(' interesting fact concerning the chaired bard is that he is a native of Cwrt Newydd, the neighbouring parish to that in which was born the famous Daniel nctu o Geredigion, who won the National chair. tl 1S19—exactly one hundred years ago- _:0:- La-st night's conductor at the Sands eisteddfod. Like most conductors of eistedd- fodaq manasred to work a good deal of l lively humour into the proceedings. For i instance, he was anxious that the collect- ing hats should be returned after thev had been filled. After appealing to the generosity of the crowd—and it was a crowd. nnd no mistake—in the most ap- proved style, he had a word to say to tha 1 collectors. Don't forget," aid. to l bring the hats back hers after thfty have 1 been passed round."

(Continued from preceding column). j :c:al to the poorer classes for whose 'raiimar 'c h oo l benefit the Swansea Free Grammar School I was founded, and that it is fit and proper j that the system of education in the said charity school should be extended to other branches of education, that is -to the ordinary branches of our English education in addition to instruction in i Latin and Greek," etc. "THE FERRET'S" ATTACK. And, altjiough an elaborate prospectus of 'he school issued in 1865, which I h,r;e had the opportunity of perusing, states that there were head, second and classical masters (all with Oxford and Cambridge kiogr,ces), junior, French, German and drawing masters, the school was still sub- jeet to much public criticism, as a scath- ing article in the well-known local perio- dical of the time-" The Ferret testifies. The old school, nevertheless, had turned out many who became dis- tinguished in some of the highest spheres of local and national life, and from the time when the management was taken from the feoffees and placed in tne hands of the governors appointed under the | Welsh Intermediate Education Act up to the present, successful and efficient work has been d<Toe. In connection with the recent forma- tion of a cadet corps at the Grammar School it is interest ing to know that as far back as the Sixties, when the Rev. C. T. Hartley was head roaster, a similar -erps came into existence, but was after- wards dropped. The oth?r Intermediate School cf the ic'?n—the Y?if/h Pchoo! for Girls--which | has proved highly successful from thfl s'nrt. was brought into existence (largely J through the efforts of the Mr. L, T, M?'?). H.\LI.), midrr the amrpkos of ?h? n?h School for Girls Co.. being sub-j sprmently t'M??T' ov!' ?y <h? Rducation I Authorit.v under the oowers of the Welsh j I Intermediate Education