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A GALLERY OF LITERAIIY PORTRAITS.…
A GALLERY OF LITERAIIY PORTRAITS. j A work under this title, by George Gilfillan, has just been published in Edinburgh, and has elicited conside- rable attention.—We copy the following descriptions of some of the most celebrated characters of these and other days. THOMAS CARLYLE. I One who is unacquainted with German authors, reads Carlyle with the utmost amazement he is so utterly different from every other writer his unmeasured sen- tences his irregular density his electric contrasts; his startling asseverations; his endless repetitions the levity in which his most solemn and serious statements seem to swim; the air of mild, yet decisive scorn, with which he tosses about his thoughts, and characters, and the incidents of his story; the unearthy lustre at which he shows his shifting panoramas; his peculiar, and patched up dialect the singular terms and terminations which he uses, the unscrupulous abundance the far and foreign strain of his allusions and associations the recondite profundity of his learning; and those bursts of eloquent mysticism which alternate with yet wilder bursts of uncontrollable mirth and fuliginous irony,—produce an altogetherness' of impression exceedingly startling. But, to one acquainted with German, the mystery is explained. Some, at least, of the peculiarities we have mentioned, arc seen to be those of a whole literature, not of a solitary literatettr and he who laughs at Carlyle must be prepared to extend his derision to the sum and substance of German genius. Still, we doubt, along with Johnson, Foster, and critics of equal name, if any human understanding has a right to form, whether by affectation, or imitation, or translation, a dialect entirely and ostentatiously singular. THOMAS DE QUIN-CEY. Conceive a little, pale-faced, wo-begone, and atten- uated man, with short inddscribables, no coat, check shirt, and neckcloth twisted like a wisp of straw, opening the door of his room in street, advancing towards you with hurried movement, and half-recognising glance saluting you in low and hesitating tones, asking you to be seated; and after he has taken a seat opposite you, but without looking you in the face, beginning to pour into your willing ear, a stream of learning and wisdom as long as you are content to listen, or to lend him the slightest cue. Who is it ? 'Tis De Quincev, the cele- brated opium cater, the friend and interpreter of Coleridge and Wordsworth) the sounder of metaphysic depths, and the dreamer of imaginative dreams, the most singular man alive, the most gifted of scholars, the most scholar- like of men of genius. He has come from his desk, where he has been prosecuting his profound researches, or, peradventure, inditing a popular paper for Tait, or a more elaborate and recondite paper for Blackwood. Your first feeling as he enters, is, Can this be he ? Is this the distinguished scholar ? Is this the impassioned autobiographer ? Is this the man who has rccrmhl such gorgeous visions, seen by him while shut up in the Patmos of a laudanum phial ? PROFESSOR WILRON-. Our sketch, at present, is of a very extraordinary I man the wise, the witty, the warm-hearted, the eloquent Professor of Moral Philosophy in Edinburgh University, —John Wilson, to his familiars; Wilson, to his foes Professor Wilson, to his students; Christopher North, to all Europe We know not at what corner of this many-sided man to commence our rapid review. John Wilson is a host, he is a continent in himself. Like Leviathan, he lies floating many a rood.' Whether we view him as the generous, copious, acute, and ardent critic,—as the pathetic and most eloquent lecturer,—as the tender poet,—and popular and powerful tale-writer, —as the fervid politician,—as the kindly m-,Lil;-we have before us one of the most remarkable, and, next to Brougham, the cleverest man of the nineteenth century. It is probable, indeed, that the variety and versatility of Wilson's powers have done him an injury in the estima- tion of many. They can hardly believe that an actor, who can play so many parts, is perfect in all. Because he is, confessedly, one of the most eloquent men, it is doubted if he can be profound; because he is a fine Eoet, he must be a shallow metaphysician;—because he is the editor of Blackwood, he must be an inefficient professor. WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. I "Among the great unknown or half-knowns of the day, there are few Jess generally appreciated than the author of 'Gebir,' the Imaginary Conversations,' and the I Examination of Shakspeare." We remember once asking at the keeper of a large public library if he had any of Landor's works ? The reply was, None, except his Travels in Africa.' Has he written any more ?' confounding him, proh paulor with Clappertou's enter- prising body-man. It was in keeping with a story of a person in a commercial town, who, when some wight from Edinburgh was speaking of Coleridge and Shelley, asked eagerly, What firm is that ? I never heard of it before; docs it drive a good business ?' And yet there are not many authors of the age about whom posterity will make more particular inquiries, than about this same recluse, saturnine, and high-minded Savage. His soul is deeply steeped in the proud element of the past. He is not only a man of profound and varied erudition, but he lives and has his being in the olden time. His style is dyed in antiquity; his genius wears upon its wings, like a rich sunset, the hues of all perished ages. WILLIAM WORDSWORTH. I He was says some one ofrousseau, a lonely man- his life a long soliloquy.' And the same words may be applied to the sole king of rocky Cumberland,' the lord of Rydal Mount, the Skiddaw, the warlock of Winder- mere, William Wordsworth. He has indeed mingled much with men, but reluctantly and even while amidst them, his spirit has preserved its severe seclusion. He has strode frequently into society, but with an impatient and hasty step. It is this lofty insulation which marks out Wordsworth from the eminent of his era. While they have been tremulously alive to every breath of public praise or blame, and never so much so as when pretending to despise the one and defy the other, he has maintained the tenor of his way, indifferent to both. While his name was the signal for every species of insult -while one review was an incessant battery against his poetical character, and another, powerful on all other topics, returned it only a feeble reply on this-while stupidity itself had learned to laugh and sneer at him- while the very children of the nursery were taught to consider his rhymes as too puerile even for them, he remained unmoved; and leaving poor Coleridge to burst into tears, the majestic brow of Wordsworth only ac- knowledged by a transient frown the existence of his assailants. And now that his name is a household word, and that his works have found their way to the heart of the nation, we believe that he has never once been be- trayed into an expression of undue complacency—that he feels himself precisely the man he was before-that he moves in his elevated sphere as native and endued' unto its element; and that the acclammation as well as the abuse of the public have failed to draw him forth from the sublime solitudes of his own spirit." WILLIAM GODWIN. I We like Falkland least of all, though we tremble at him, as the terrible incarnation of the principle of honour. He is certainly a striking creation but resembles rather one of the fictitious beings of heraldry, than a real man. No such noble nature was ever so soured into a fiend; no such large heart was ever contracted into a scorpion- circle of fire, narrowing around its victim. Godwin's Falkland is in truth a more monstrous improbability than his daughter's Frankenstein. He is described as a paragon of benevolence and virtue, and yet to preserve, not the consciousness of lionoi*, but, as Fuseli remarked, its mere reputation, he sets himself deliberately, by every despicable art, by every enormous energy of in- justice, to blast a being whom, all the while, he respects and admires. And you are expected, throughout the whole career of the injury, to blend admiration of the inflicter, with sympathy for the victim. It is an attempt to reconcile the most glaring and moral contradictions, an attempt worthy of the author of the far-famed chapter on I Necessity,' and an attempt in which, strange to say he nearly succeeds. You never altogether lose your re- gard for Falkland and this chiefly because Caleb Wil- liams himself never does. To his eye, above the blood of Tyrrell, and the gallows of the Hawkins', and his own unparalleled wrongs, the genius of Falkland continues to soar; and his spirit is 'rebuked under it,' as Mark Antonv's was by Ccesar. And how affecting his appa- rition toward the close his head, covered with untimely snow, his frame palsied by contending passions, dying of a broken heart. Caleb, though he be standing at bay, re- lents at the sight of the hell which suppressed feeling has charactered upon his forehead; and Falkland dies at length, forgiven by him, by you, by all. Williams him- self is the creation of circumstances, and has all the pro- minent points in his character struck out by the rude collisions he encounters. Originally he is neither more nor less than a shrewd, inquisitive youth. He Is never much more, indeed, than a foil to the power and interest of his principal. Tyrrell is a brute, nor even an English brute but a brute proper and positive. He is drawn sternly and con amore. The other characters, Miss Mel- ville, Raymond, Collins, cSre. are very insipid, with the exception of Gines, the bloodhound, who is painted with the force, gusto, and almost inhuman sympathy of a Landseer and the hag who attempts the life of Caleb in the robber's den, a dire figure, painted into powerful re- lief by her butcher's cleaver, a coarser Clytemncstra, if great things may be likened to small. Such is Caleb Williams,' a work which made an era in the fictitious writing of the age, and which has not only created a school of imitators, but coloured insensibly many works, which profess and possess independent claims such as the Paul Cliffords, Eugene Arams, Rookwoods, and Oli- ver Twists, of Bulwer, Ainsworth, and Boz, which, but for it, we verily believe, had never been."
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POST-OFFICE PENUKIOUSNESS.—Enormous salaries are paid to the Postmaster-general and other high officials, but the hardworking servants have miserable remuneration, and are kept too few in number to meet the increased business of the various offices. At Leeds the number of letters received in 1840 was 1,374,384 and of letters sent 2,966,016. In 1845, the number of letters received was 3,745,000, and the number sent was 10,950,000, and there is only the same number of clerks now as there was in 1840! To this wretched economy may be attributed the great irregularity in the delivery of letters and newspapers about which there has lately been so much complaint. SINGULAR CASE OF RESTORATION.—Another instance of the almost infallibility of art over the operations of nature, and of truth over prejudice, occurred the other day in the family of a gentleman of high respectability in the country, and which tends to show, in a singular instance, the powerful virtues of ROWLAND'S lA. CASSAR OIL. Owing to some cause not sufficientJy accounted for, as is frequent in such cases, a daughter of the above gentleman entirely lost her hair, so that she was obliged to conceal the defect by the aid of a cap and false tresses. After having done so for a period of two years, she was induced by a medical friend to try the effect of Rowland's Macassar Oil, with a view to the restoration of her hair. In the course of one month a light down was elicited, which by constant use of the Oil, (rubbed on with a fine flannel) became in six months a fine and healthy growth of hair The satisfaction of the your.g lady is utibounded.-See Acit-t. THE SAME THING.—•' Did you ever see the Queen said an ET?.g l ishitiar? to Pat. said an Englishman to Pat. The Quain he replied "faith, I cannot say I ever saw the Quain; but I have an uncle that untcl very Kfearly saw the Duke of York
THE THREATENED FAMINE IN IRELAND.…
THE THREATENED FAMINE IN IRELAND. (From the Irish Railway Telegraph.) That Ireland has been for some time progressing both morally and socially must be apparent to the most superficial observer. A marked change has taken place in the habits of the people. Drunkenness and idleness have given place to temperance and industry; and, as a natural consequence, an improved moral tone is obser- vable throughout the land. The lethargy which for years hung over our commercial affairs has been shaken off, and we see on all sides cheering symptoms of a de- termination, on the part of our trading interests, to bring into profitable employment the latent resources of the country. Railways for all parts of the kingdom are eagerly and actively sought for Steam Navigation Com- panies are being formed for facilitating our intercourse with the sister kingdom; while Glass Manufacturing, Cotton Spinning, and Mining Companies, give promise of our home resources being brought into use, and turned to profitable account. Looking upon the spirit now abroad, we see good reason to congratulate the country upon its prospects of social advancement and amelioration. But at the very moment when things seem brightest and most promising, a foreboding sound of evil is heard among us. The prospective dread of famine strikes a chilling horror through the veins of the Irish peasantry, and forces all interested in their welfare to commune with their own hearts, and inquire what remedy can be devised to avert the impending calamity. The reports respecting the extent of injury to the potato crop are, in our opinion, exaggerated—the dread of a universal famine unwarranted; but of a great and lamentable deficiency, both in the quantity and quality of the potato crop, there can be no question. This deficiency must produce scarcity and dearness of food. The supply being thus materially lessened, and the price in an equal ratio advanced, the consideration presents itself—By what means are our labouring population to be enabled to obtain the wherewithal to provide themselves with the necessaries of life The deficiency in home-grown pro- duce may, it is true, be remedied by foreign importa- tions but the poor man, who has expended all his available wealth upon the cultivation of his holding- relying upon its return, not only for the sustenance of his family, but for the payment of his rent-when these returns fail, what consolation is it to such an one to know that food can be had for money, when he possesses neither money for the purchase, nor means of procuring it ? The bulk of our small farmers and cottiers, with what we can hardly avoid calling a tempting of Pro- vidence, place implicit reliance upon the produce of their potato field. The idea of providing for themselves food of another description with money is untliought of, save when forced upon their attention by the pressure of famine. This it is which in Ireland renders damage to the potato crop a national calamity. The poor man, should his favourite esculent fail, has no resources to fall back upon-no store laid up for the rainy day—and, as in the present instance, want, with all its horrors, stares him in the face. We are glad to perceive that the Government is fully alive to the extent and importance of the impending evil; we feel assured that effective measures will be adopted to lighten its pressure. But it seems to us that mere temporary expedients are not sufficient. The grand object of solicitude for the present moment, no doubt, should be to provide the people with the means of pro- curing food during the Spring and Summer months of 1846; but it should be recollected, that it may please Providence to visit the land with an equally severe infliction in the harvest of next year. Failures in the potato crop-famiiie, partial or general, consequent thereon—have, unfortunately, been in former years of frequent occurrence. Upon these occasions, Govern- ment aid and private sympathy have been promptly and generously accorded to the sufferers; but absolute danger of death by starvation being warded off-a new and more abundant harvest removing fears of present want-the past seems forgotten, the future uncared for, and for a fresh dearth, come when it may, no suitable provision is made. Thus it is that at the present moment the cry of famine finds us almost as unprepared as it did in 1822. This argues an improvidence and want of forethought which should not exist. There is no rea- son, no necessity, why the well-being—the lives of our peasantry—should be contingent upon the failure or success of the potato crop. The capabilities of the country are unequalled; many channels can be pointed out, into which the industry and energies of the people of Ireland may be profitably directed. The present, too, seems a fitting time for devising national measures for the permanent amelioration of the condition of the people. The spirit of improvement is abroad-a general desire to render productive the natural resources of the kingdom is manifested—the monied interests of England have learned to look upon Ireland as a profitable outlet for the employment of their surplus wealth—and capital is daily being poured in.—The direction at present chiefly taken by this incoming capital and improving spirit is Railway extension. Nothing can be better. What Ireland mainly wants is, to have the interior of the country opened up to the ports, and a ready means of communication with the sister country. Give her this, and her water power, now running idly to waste, will soon be made available for manufacturing purposes; her geographical position will be appreciated, and taken advantage of; and her industrial resources generally brought into play. Such must be the consequence of the Railway movement. But this movement should be slowly progressive-the work of many years, and cannot of itself remedy the evils of our social system. Collateral with it, there are many improvements to be originated and carried into effect—improvements requiring the combined efforts of Government and people. To these we purpose from time to time devoting attention. The causes of the off-rectiri-ing famines of Ireland must be traced to other sources than mere properties of soil and inclemencies of season. Their effects, tragic and appalling as they are in the hours of absolute want, extend still further, and may be discovered unhinging the very frame-work of society; nor will their only remedy be found in change of seed, rotation of crops, or an improved method of draining.
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One of the most singular and unheard of scenes perhaps ever witnessed in a Quaker's meeting house, took place at Baltimore. Shortly after the hour for meeting to commence, whilst the brethren and sisters were silently communing with their own minds, one of the delegates to the assemblage from Pennsylvania, quietly, and without being observed, stripped himself, and appearing before them in a perfect state of nudity, insisted upon being allowed to speak. He was immediately seized by his friends, and the partition to the female side of the meeting closed, and it required almost main force to compel him to put on his clothing. He afterwards explained the matter in the following manner:-He had a dream on the previous night, and thought that the spirit of the Lord had appeared before him, and commanded him to humble himself before the meeting on the next day, by appearing in their midst with his person exposed, and to address them in that situation with respect to certain matters, which would then and there be revealed to him by the Holy Spirit. It was in the fulfilment of this imaginary command, and whilst filled with a holy zeal and en- thusiasm that he thus acted. He was "finally conveyed home and appears since to be almost entirely deranged on the subject of religion. These facts may be relied on as correct, singularly as they may sound, as they are well known throughout the city.—American paper. THE LATE MURDER IN STAFFORDSHIRE.—Mrs. Col- clough, the owner and late occupier of the cottage where the horrible deed was committed, has abandoned the scene of blood, and taken up her abode with her son, a married man, residing near the chapel, at Alsager's Bank. Mycock, the paramour of the homi- cide, and their little boy, till continue in the hamlet, and are staying at the house of William Scott, the collier who so narrowly escaped with his life while attempting to secure Dean immediately after the murder. The little boy says, that just before the dreadful crime was committed, his father (Dean) put him on the wooden squab or bench, placing an axe and a hammer underneath it. Dean told the child that if he stirred hand or foot he would cut his head off. Poor Fielding came in just aL the moment, and the maniac- for such we must consider him—felled his victim with an axe hammer before a word was exchanged on either side What an ill-starred visit for the quiet inoffensive Fielding. What a providential escape for the child as there seems little doubt, but for the momentary acci- dental appearance of the unfortunate deceased, the hands of Dean would have been imbrued in the blood of his own offspring. And supposing the statement of the child to be correct and there is no reason to doubt it there was no previous quarrel, nor anything to excite the deadly animosity of Dean. Mycock's statement also that Dean had never seen his victim until the fatal day-would seem to disprove all charge of malice prepense. The shocking catastrophe cannot be accounted for on any rational principle. It appears that Dean burnt several articles of clothing belonging to Mrs. Colclough in his revolting attempt to consume by fire the head of the murdered-miin This portion of the startling narrative is sickening to con- template. We hear that Dean, Mycock, and the boy slept in a little room on the ground-floor, adjoining the cottage. From and after the Friday night previous to the murder, the other inmates who slept up-stairs took the precaution of drawing up the ladder by which the chamber was approached. This plainly shows that their fears were aroused, that Dean was considered in a dangerous state of mind, and it is much to be regretted that steps were not immediately taken for placing him under effectual surveillance. The life of one human being might in all probability, have been saved. On the night of the inquest Dean was kept in custody at the house of sub-inspector Price, at Andley. The guilty or unconscious man did not sleep for a moment. In the morning Price, assisted by the police-cons: able, Webb, took the criminal to Stafford County prison. They were accompanied, as far as Whitmore station, by Mycock. Guilty as she knew him to be, and ques- tionable as was their connexion, Mycock could not leave Dean in his darkest hour of need. At the Whit- more station Dean refused to get into the railway carriage unless accompanied by his Fanny." as he called Mycock. To pacify him she got into the vehicle, and escaped at the opposite door. Seeing this he appeared peevish and disappointed, venting his spleen by throw- ing after her a portion of the victuals he was eating at the time. His conduct during the journey was rude and incoherent; he frequently made use of rambling and unmeaning expressions. Since his incarceration, Dean has written to Mycock, and the letter has been received by her at Alsager's Bank. He expresses a wish to see her, and states that he is growing worse in his mind. DEATH OF DR. NICOL.-Tllis Learned Gentleman, well-known in the Ecclesiastical Courts, expired at his house, at Upper Clapton, on Monday morning, from a violent attack of small-pox. The family of Sir John Nicol, M.P., and numerous friends, are placed in mourning by the melancholy and sudden event. The learned civilian was in the prime of life and has left a widow and a large family.
THE HON. F. H. BERKELEY, M.P.,…
THE HON. F. H. BERKELEY, M.P., OX SIR ROBERT PEEL'S POLICY. The anniversary meeting of the Anchor" Society at Bristol, which, with others, under the denomination of the "Grateful" and the "Dolphin," is held in memory of the philantrophist, Edward Colston, took place on the 11th inst. At the dinner which was given on the occasion, in the course of a speech delivered by the Hon. F. II. Berkeley, one of the members for Bristol, that gentleman made the following observations on the policy adopted by Sir Robert Peel:—"Although I do not address you as a supporter of the present govern- ment, I address you as the upholder of a principle which is very likely to be triumphant. (Cheers.) A principle we have adhered to through good and evil report. We felt it to be an honest principle, and we have abided by it. (Hear.) You follow no leader blindly, and if your leader abandoned his principles you would abandon him. (Cheers.) You—I am speaking of the Liberal party-have carried your ideas on this point too far. I don't think that sufficient justice has been done to Lord John Russell for that honesty and uprightness of pur- pose which he possesses. (Hear.) We have not given him sufficient credit for his honesty of intention at a time when we-and on this point I number myself with you—did not think that he went sufficiently far. (Hear.) But if you look back, Lord John Russell at this moment stands in a proud position. (Cheers.) It is to Lord John Russell and the opposition that you owe the present advances which our opponents have made in liberalism. (Cheers.) Sir Robert Peel may carry out his measures, but Lord John Russell devised them. Sir Robert Peel may give you a liberal Tariff, but who first promulgated the idea (Renewed cheering.) Sir Robert Peel has done much: it is nothing to us-it is nothing to you-it is nothing to me, the inconsistency of Sir R. Peel. He has not dragged us through the mud. We are not his followers. (Hear.) He has not dragged us through the mire. We can rejoice in the good which he does, while we feel not the degradation of doing it. (Great cheering.) We have not com- menced our political career on one side and gone over to the other. (Hear.) We have followed no leader, and have admired no man who has done so. We have set up no man as our idol, and followed him blindly and implicitly, That, at least, cannot be laid to our charge, although there may be those to whom it will apply. (Hear.) Sir Robert Peel I confess that, at the present moment, I am very well disposed towards Sir Robert Peel. I expect to vote with Sir Robert Peel. (Hear.) It is not my fault, it is not your fault, that Sir Robert Peel commenced as an Orangeman and ended in religious liberty. It is not our fault that he com- menced with Cumberland and ended with Cobden, (Cheers.) We stand up and look on. We are pleased with the result, and admire it. We are pleased with the result while we look at each other in astonishment that such result be." (Applause.) Gentlemen, there is a 'great fact' staring you in the face-a great fact which has been the subject of much abuse and great reviling, the authors of which great fact have been called by the Tory press by every ugly names. There is my friend, Mr. Cobden. (Vehement cheering.) I thank you gentlemen, for he deserves the compliment. There are my friends, Villiers and Gibson. Where were they last year, and where are they now ? where was their cause two years ago, and where is it now ? Look at the signs of the times. Look at the speeches of your Ashleys and your Escotts. (Hear.) Never was there a time when I could address an assembly of Liberal gentlemen more happily to myself than at the present moment. I do see a glimpse of the success of that great cause. (Cheers.) What matters it what minister is in power so that the principle succeeds ? (Hear.) I would not care myself if he were even the Duke of Newcastle. But the corn-law question is fast progressing. The great fact' has accumulated minor facts. Sir Robert Peel, I will venture to say-so far as one man may answer for another by his public conduct—is anxious for the most liberal measures, but he is clogged, and chained, and tied down. (Hear.) His able mind-and who does not admit his ability-sees the necessity for liberal mea- sures. He sees that the country cannot go on much longer without them, and he is anxious to see them carried—but he has a most difficult task to undertake," (Hear.) Gentlemen, we have but to bide our time. Let it not be supposed that I delude myself by thinking that you have in your minds the expectation of a Whig or a Liberal administration coming in. We are regardless of that-only let the measure be passed." (Cheers.)
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FOOD FOR THE PEOPLE.—The press has taken upon itself a new vocation. The Times sends a commissioner to Ireland, and he penetrates into mud cabins, holds courts of enquiry in shebeen-houses, and attends monster meetings, sends home to Saxon England, as punctually as the post leaves, whole budgets of facts and reflections to be published to the world, in all their freshness, through the columns of the greatest of London newspapers; and it must, in honesty and candour be admitted, that there are many things in Mr. Commissioner's" lucubrations very well deserving the serious thoughts of Englishmen and Irishmen too. Following the example thus set, the Morning Chronicle has employed a commissioner likewise, and has sent him into the provinces of England to enquire into the nature and extent of the potatoe disease. The accounts which this gentleman from day to day puts forth in the columns of our metropolitan contemporary, are anything but cheering, and we are afraid they arc too well founded. Potatoes first and bread next are the staple food of the poor, both in town and country, to an extent to which persons in wealthy or comfortable circumstances are little aware of, and with a failure of the one, and the probable high price of the other, the condition of numerous poor families must be pitiable in the extreme. By seed time in the spring of next year, the stock will be so reduced that potatoes for planting will not then be procured under from Uis. to 21s. a sack, and few or none will then be left over the consumption in food. Whether these forebodings will be realised to such a serious extent, we do not pretend to say but it will be wise before that period arrives, for individuals as well as the legislature, to turn their thoughts towards a substitute which can be brought at a moderate cost within the reach of the great bulk of the community. One such substitute has already begun to occupy a share of public attention-we mean, maize or Indian corn. It was proposed in last session of parliament, by Mr. Escott, an agricultural member, to admit this corn free or at a small duty for the pur- pose of feeding stock, for which it is admirably adapted but the proposition was not entertained, as it was no doubt felt that the maize, if introduced into this country, would find its way into consumption as food for the people, and thus enter into competition with the home grown wheat. We have this week had it satisfactorily demonstrated that maize flour is capable of being con- verted into nutritious, palatable and really excellent bread, especially when mixed with wheat flower in equal quantity. At the present market price of maize and wheat, the mixed flour can be produced at about 7s. 3d. a bushel; but the stock of maize in the country is small, and the high import duty has of course materially enhanced its price (which is now about 5s. per GO lbs.) In America, where it is extensively grown and used, its price is low, and it has been calculated that were there a regular demand for it in this country, it could be brought here and sold, exclusive of duty, at little more than 20s. a quarter. But taking its cost at 30s. and English wheat to mix with it at 50s. per quarter, good, satisfying, and wholesome food might be supplied to the poor at the rate of 40s. per quarter, with the advantage of using up in this way much of the moist wheat of the late harvest which is of too inferior a quality to make good bread of itself. Having thus, as we think, shown that should the worst predictions be realised with regard to the potato failure, there do exist means bv which, when the time comes, some of the misery may be at least mitigated, we will not extend our remarks further but as a matter of household in- formation we copy from the Globe an extract from a letter in which the writer describes the various modes in which maize or Indian corn is used for food in the United States of America:— No.1. Half Indian corn meal, lwlf rye meal.- This is the coarsest and cheapest bread made in the United States-it is exceedingly sweet, but would not in all pro- bability be liked by the lower classes of England; it is eaten principally in America by young persons, and by those who have been accustomed to eat it from early childhood. No. 2. One-third Indian corn meal, one-third rye meal, and one-third wheat flour.—This is a very good and substantial sort of bread, and agreeable to the taste it is the kind eaten by a large proportion of the farming population of New England. No. 3. Half Indian corn meal, and half wheat flour. -very good and very sweet bread. No. 4. One-third Indian meal, and two-thirds reheat flour.—This, in my humble opinion, is the best bread that can possible be eaten, superior in flavour to the best London or Paris bread, and suited to the consumption of the highest classes. No 5. Com b)-cad.-Tliis is beyond the province of the ordinary baker, and should be made at home, and sent in, nice and hot, with the coffee' at breakfast. It is made of all Indian meal, or about three-fourths Indian meal and one-fourth flour, and mixed" with milk instead of water. There are few Englishmen who have travelled over the ground between Boston and new Orleans, who arc not familiar with corn-bread, and who have not had it nearly every morning (when anywhere between these two cities)— Familiar in their mouths as household words." There are also the little cakes made wholly of Indian meal, about the size of the largest English crumpets; these are generally eaten for breakfast, either with treacle, or with sugar and butter. In addition to all these, are the never-to-be forgotten Indian puddings, both boiled and baked, but which I regret my inability to describe.- Glotice,,te), Journal. PROPOSED BHIDGE ACROSS THE ACST PASSAGE.— The original promoters of this undertaking have given notice of their intention to apply to palliament in the ensuing session and we perceive that the notice of the London, Bristol, and South Wales direct company also embodies a similar application. Amongst our notices will be found those of one or two railways which, it is proposed, shall terminate at Aust the Bristol and Li- verpool Junction Company apparently confine them- selves this session to a notice for the bridge. We un- derstand that Mr. Walker, the Admiralty engineer, has reported in favour of the structure, and that he has re- commended a plan designed by Mr. Thomas Fulljames, C, E., of this city, our county surveyor—a circumstance which is justly calculated to materially enhance the pro- fessional reputation of that gentleman. — Gloucestershire Chronicle.
THE IRON TRADE IN AMERICA.j
THE IRON TRADE IN AMERICA. By an arrival from New York we have the flowing t interesting particulars relative to the development of the iroii trade tlicre The production of iron in Pennsylvania in 1844 was about 20J,000 tons, and it is estimated that this year it will amount to about 350,000 or 400,00'j tons. It is also estimated from good data that the total production of iron in the United States this year will not fall short of 700,000 tons, and that the consumption will amount to about 800,000 tons, leaving a deficiency, to be supplied by importation, of about 100,000 tons. We annex a table exhibiting the quantity and value of iron and steel of all kinds imported into the United States for the last sixteen years. AGGREGATE QUANTITY AND VALUE OF IRON AND STEEL IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES. Years. Tons. Value. Per ton. 1828-29 36,314 2,417,292 dols. 66 dols. 1829-30 40,614 2,310,964 56 1830-31 51,571 2,235,363 49 1831-32 73,979 3,697,380 1832-33 80,289 3,371,867 1833-34 78,190 3,988,396 ls:n-3;j 77,597 3,710,19a 183.j-36 96,220 5,359,131 1836-37 .102,81)6 6,363,183 1837-38 74,762 4,1)36,963 54 1838-39 .115,637 6,688,596 57 1839-40 72,769 4,341,086 59 1840-41 112,111 6,020,416 44 1841-42 107,392 4,332,000 40 1842-43 37,405 1,665,651 43 1843-44 105,277 3,963,833 37 Total tons 1,202,074 63,837,526 dols. 50 dols. This table shows that, notwithstanding the immense increase in the consumption of iron in this country, there has not been any very great increase in the im- portation, and that the supplies from our own manufac- tories have nearly kept pace with the increased demand for consumption. The most extensive iron works in this country are those of the Mount Savage Company of Maryland. Its present capital is 1,500,000 dollars, with power to increase it to 500,000,000 dollars. Its stock is owned principally in Europe. These are the only works in the United States where railroad iron is manufactured to any extent, and it is calculated that 20,090 tons can be made in a year. Some of the eastern railroads now constructing are supplied with rails by this company. The mines of the Mount Savage Company, and in fact all the iron mines of Maryland, are situated in the Cumberland coal region, which, for the manufacture of iron, is said to be superior to any other. The iron manufacturers of Great Britain already feel alarmed at the rapid increase in this business in this eountry.New York Paper.
-'w'I THE LATE REVERSE IN…
w I THE LATE REVERSE IN NEW ZEALAND. I [From the Times.] I It was a remark of Dr. Arnold's, that if history were written aright, the vanity even of the most powerful nations would receive a severe and salutary castigation. The popular histories of every nation are adapted to the popular taste, and contain only that proportion of bitter truth which the notoriety of events renders indispensable to their credit; whilst everything which can exalt the valour of a people or the virtues of a constitution is exaggerated to the bounds of fiction, and tinged with the colours of romance. How many French and English students know only of the victories which covered their respective armies with glory; victories commemorated only by the standards which wave along the walls of Chelsea Hospital and the Hotel des Invalides. But how few of them are aware, or care to recollect, that the same armies which have at one time achieved the most splendid conquests have at others suffered the most shameful defeats; that the same troops which triumphed in Italy were beaten in Spain, and that the same regi- ments which were victorious at Salamanca and Vittoria were repulsed at New Orleans and of how many petty engagements in which the usual course of success was reversed has the memory been lost or the narrative perverted! One of these not unusual but scarcely noticed reverses has recently tarnished our arms in the South Pacific. In the last of our acquired settlements we have as yet little to boast of in the way of military achievements, nor have our failures being merely negative. The affair of Wairau has not been effaced from the memory of that numerous class who take an interest in the fortunes of New Zealand; and before we have had time to forget the fate of Colonel Wakefield and his companions, we are called on to lament the death of other officers, com- plicated with the defeat of a military force. It would be unfair at this time and distance to criticise the manoeuvres of the troops under Colonel Despard's com- mand, or to pronounce arbitrarily whether the instruc- tions which he gave, or the means of carrying them into effect are to be reprehended for their insufficiency. There are two points clearly ascertained; the first is, that our troops have been repulsed with loss the second, that our foes exhibited in combat a greater bravery, and in fortification a greater skill, than we are generally dis- posed to allow to a savage people. And we may safely infer, what indeed the Australian papers lead us to believe, that our men advanced to storm the stockade elated with the confidence of success, and unprovided with the means of securing it. This will of course be a subject of future inquiry. Even if we could afford to lose a few score of men in a remote dependency, we could not dispense with the necessity of investigating the causes of the loss, and punishing the neglect or the disobedience which had occasioned it. But we cannot afford this loss. A wanton waste of blood is always unpardonable, but to a state whose empire is out of pro- portion to its military strength, and scattered over every quarter of the globe, it is positively dangerous. It is dangerous to the welfare of its distant subjects not less than to its own honour. New Zealand has hitherto presented few objects for congratulation or for boast. The origin of its acquisition, and the perpetuation of its dependence, are equally destitute of dignity. A vast country, jobbed by a few lucky traders, or more lucky missionaries, into the hands of adventurous speculators, and for a time bandied about between the conflicting claims of aboriginal tribes, the English Crown, and an English company debates carried on with the narrowness of legal technicality barters disclosed of a character more congenial to com- mercial keenness than to national greatness squabbles between the Colonial Government at home and its deputies abroad,—these were for some time the chief consequences of our latest settlement. To these must now be added a more severe and more galling disappoint- ment. When we compare the actual state of the colony with the predictions that were uttered at the time of its creation, we find one more, among innumerable instances, of the vast distance between the scope of human hopes and their fulfilment. But other questions force themselves on the mind. Must colonial settlements always be settlements of conquest ? Is it impossible to found a colony without destroying its inhabitants ? Is there such an instinctive and intuitive antipathy between different races as to prevent their amicable union ? Does blood exercise so great an influence over human actions that no relation can exist between two nations of different origin, but either that of alien enemies or that of conqueror and subject ? The history of the world seems to negative the possibility of these conditions. Witness the Spaniards in South America, ourselves in India, our countrymen in North America. We begin humbly as traders and merchants we end proudly as kings and conquerors. The native army, the native Prince, suc- cumbs to us, as in India; the native chief, the native slave, alike melt before us, as in America. Our mer- chants make merry in the palaces of the one; our colonists draw the plough over the wigwam of the other. The result is equally the same. Finis coronat opus. The end is to one triumph and masterdom; degradation or extirpation to the other. But before that end, what open ana what secret crimes What treasons! What assassinations! What perfidious ad- jurations! What solemn treaties sacrilegiously violated! What professions of friendship coolly and indifferently belied! It may be also that wars, petty wars, and therefore more bloody, more obstinate, and more cruel than great ones, filled up the interval between the first conception of conquest and its consummation. Will it be so in New Zealand ? God forbid But what guarantee have we that it shall not be so? Blood has been shed twice. The savage has repulsed his civilized enemy. The gun has been found to be as effective in the hands of the barbarian as of the European the stockade as stout a defence to the New Zealander as to the Englishman. The untutored and undisciplined throngs of savages-or, if disciplined, disciplined for the nonce by example or necessity, have prevailed over British tactics and courage. The honour of a flag has been soiled and we know that unvindicated honour deals in carnage. The European by this time has been taught to respect the qualities of his antagonist But when did mutual respect teach two castes of unequal power to live together in amity ? The New Hollander is not respected; lie is, therefore, cuffed and beaten like a dog, or shot down in sport Such sport would be dangerous in New Zealand, and provoke a return in kind. The New Zealander must be chastised but before you can chastise him you must master him before you can master him—but the category is painful, though suggested by the warnings of the past. What is to be done ? New Zealand was designed to be a model colony, where natives and foreigners might live happily together, enjoying the fruit of peaceful industry and the blessings of a prevalent Christianity, Look on this picture and on that! Will the hope ever be realized? We will not say this is impossible But to realize it events must be put in a different train from the present. We must have no little wars. We must have no hollow truce. Either a war conducted on an adequate scale, all- efficient and a11-terminating-a war which shall cut away all the roots and suckers of future resistance- or a treaty intelligible to and recognised by all whom it concerns; a treaty which shall leave no room for special pleading or opportunity for infringement; a treaty which shall satisfy the savage and the settler; which shall preclude the possibility of that fearful warfare which race wages against race till one or other is extinct. This is the only alternative; there is no third course.
[No title]
CURIOUS RELATIONSHIP.-Thcre are now living at Wrexham, two men with their wives, and two sons, who stand in the following relationship to each other:- The two men are each other's fathers and sons, their wives' fathers and husbands, and their childrens' fathers and grandfathers. The women are the childrens' mothers and sisters, and the boys are uncles to each other..
MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.
MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE. The Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, a younger son of the Autocrat, who is serving as lieutenant on board a Russian ship of war, has arrived at Plymouth, and during the week has been busily engaged in inspect- ing the wonders of that great naval entrepot, as well as enjoying a round of complimentary festivities. There is nothing yet said us to his Imperial Highness's inten- tion of going to Court. The Marquis of Westminster's second son, Lord Gil- bert Grosvenor, has entered the navy as a naval cadet, and is appointed to the St. Vincent. We regret to state that Viscountess Villiers, daughter of Sir Robert Peel, as well as her family, has been at- tacked by the scarlet fever. Earl Ducie has consented to take the chair at the Anti-Corn-law meeting, to be held in the Public-rooms, Bristol, on Friday, the 5th of December. Messrs. Cobden, Bright, and Milner Gibson, Ms.P., will be present on the occasion. Mr. C. Villiers, M.P., is also expected. A meeting of the Manchester Town Council took place on Wednesday, at which resolutions were passed in the form of a memorial to Sir Robert Peel in favour of the opening of the ports. The celebration of the majority of Viscount Lascelles, at Harewood House, last week, was a most brilliant affair. The following copy of the bill -of fare affords a cogent proof that the hospitality of the noble earl was upon a most princely scale :-14 bullocks, 7 calves, 40 sheep, 9 pigs, 300 fowls, 40 turkeys, 150 brace of grouse, 200 ditto partridges, 300 ditto hares, 24 ditto pheasants, 20 couple of woodcocks, 100 couple of rabbits, 96 hams, 200 tongues, 33 butts of beer, 4 hogsheads of wine, 1 ditto punch, l ditto negus. We are informed by a correspondent that the prize money about to be paid to the heroes of Scinde has been lodged in the Bank of England, the stamp duty on which has been paid into the Stamp-office, and amounts to the immense sum of £ 21,855.— Times. The annual collection of the O'Connell tribute took place on Sunday at the various Roman Catholic chapels throughout Ireland. In Dublin and the suburbs the amount reported, at four o'clock, was £ 2,300. This is larger than the average of years since 1839, for the me- tropolitan district. It is said that the man is alive, or was three years ago, who remembered the first bale of cotton imported into Liverpool from the United States. inow E15,000,000 are annually embarked in that trade.- Live?-pool Albio?z. On Wednesday 12 ducks were sold by public auction in Frome market, they having been impounded for tres- passing in a field, and the owner refusing to pay the expenses. It is said that 300 tailors have been discharged at Manchester by their employers, who will not engage one of the men belonging to the Tailors' Protective Society. The arguments in the writ of error in the case of the seven foreigners convicted of the murder of Thomas Palmer, of her Majesty's service, were partially heard last Saturday, before Lord Denman and the twelve Judges, and the court adjourned for a week. The Condemned Pirates were further respited for a fortnight from Monday the 24th inst., when the present respite expired. Amongst other curious companies which have been registered, are the United Cow Company, at Chorley," and the Ununimous Assurance Company." On Friday week two young ladies were fined 10s. at Henry-street police-office, Dublin, for stealing valu- able plants and flowers from the Botanic-gardens, Glasnevin. We understand that a subscription is opened among Anglo-Catholics," and others, to enable Mr. Newman to repay the proceeds of his Fellowship and living for the last ten years as he is reported to be troubled at the reflection that he was holding these while, in fact, he was not a member of the Established Church. London paper. It has been decided to raise E450,000 immediately, for the purpose of proceeding with the construction of an inner dock" at Southampton, to meet the extension of trade expected from improved railway communication between the port and the interior of the country. The dock is to afford between 4000 and 5000 feet of additional quay room, and ample warehouse accommodation. » On Monday, at Brentford, six railway surveyors, named Jones, Fuller, Skettle, Keene, Clair, and Langley, were convicted of trespassing on the grounds of Mr. Wilmot, the well-known fruit-grower, at two o'clock on Saturday morning, and severally fined 10s. each, with costs, besides 5s. each for wilful damages, or 21 days' imprisonment. Mr. Wilmot said, he had to contend against ten lots of such persons a day. The Bench intimated, that in future cases of surveying without permission, the highest penalty (£5) would be inflicted on tres passers. The central committee" for the Duncombe testi- monial have tendered the amount of the subscriptions to the hon. member for Finsbury, who has declined to receive it, as lie could not consent to receive pecuniary remuneration for any service rendered by him in the cause of civil and religious liberty, and in favour of an extension of the people's rights." It has consequently been determined to appropriate the sum to the purchase of a piece of plate, value f:1000, which will be presented to the hon. member in December next. On Thursday last, a numerous meeting of merchants, bankers, manufacturers, tradesmen, and other inhabi- tants, was held in the Town Hall, Manchester, on the requisition of upwards of 800 firms and individuals of station in the town. W. B. Watkins, Esq., Mayor,, presided, and on the platform were many of the leading influential men of the town and neighbourhood. After a number of resolutions had been passed, a memorial to Sir Robert Peel, in favour of opening the ports, was carried by acclamation, and Messrs. Philips, Brotherton, Kay, and Greg appointed a deputation to present it to the Premier. The corn question is still a subject of great anxiety throughout the country but nothing whatever has yet transpired to indicate the course which her Majesty's Ministers intend to pursue respecting it. Another Ca- binet Council was held on Wednesday, which was pro- tracted, it is said, to an unusually late hour and on Thursday there was a Privy Council at Windsor. It was reported, through the ministerial journals, that Parliament would, at this Council, be further prorogued to an early day in January, then to meet for the de- spatch of business, with the view, it was supposed to an immediate consideration of the state of the country, as respects its means of furnishing a sufficient supply of food for the people, more especially in Ireland. But nothing seems to have occurred at the Privy Council to confirm such expectation. Parliament was ordered to be further prorogued from Thursday, the 27th instant, to Tuesday, the 16th December; and the probability is that at the expiration of that time a further prorogation will take place to about the usual period of the year for opening the session. We know that is intended in the ensuing session to propose to the House of Commons the expediency of distributing their railway work over several years. Thus, for instance (we are taking names quite at random), the Direct Northern may have leave to commence dj- rectly. The Tringjand Reigate, or Arundel and Brighton, or any of the shorter lines, may get an act to come into operation in 1847; and the Direct Manchester, or Manchester and Southampton, or any of these long im- probabilities, may have acts to commence when the works of the York line are finished. The names just mentioned are, as we said before, taken quite. at ran- dom, and without any intention of giving an opinion as to their ultimate chances, but we are inclined to think well of the plan which we used their names to illus- trate. It would probably ensure the works being ac- complished, and would put an entire stop to all fresh ones for some time to conie.-Atlas- In Ireland the potato panic would appear to be sub- siding. under the nersuasion that the disease had done I its worst. The opinion formed from actual inquiry is, that from one-third to one-half the crop is in a state of decay, and will be in a great measure lost. It is under- stood, however, that active measures are forthwith to be adopted, at the instance of the Government, for prevent- ing the disastrous consequences to be apprehended from this scarcity in the staple article of food. Mr. Twistleton, the recently appointed Poor-Law Commis- sioner, is to be despatched to that country, with extensive powers, for establishing depots of provisions and in order that employment may be afforded to the labouring poor, so as to enable them to procure the means of subsistence, public works, more particularly the drainage of land upon a large scale, will be promoted, it is under- stood, by a grant from the Consolidated Fund.
[No title]
MAHOMETAN SCHISM.—A new sect has lately set itself up in Persia, at the head of which is a merchant who had returned from a pilgrimage to Mecca, and pro- claimed himself a successor of the Prophet. The way they treat such matters at Shiraz appears in the follow- ing account (June 23) Four persons being heard re- peating their profession of faith according to the form prescribed by the impostor, were apprehended, tried, and found guilty of unpardonable blasphemy. They were sentenced to lose their beards by fire being set to them. The sentence was put into execution with all the zeal and fanaticism becoming a true believer in Mahomet. Not deeming the loss of beards a sufficient punishment, they were further sentenced the next day to have their faces blackened and exposed through the city. Each of them was led by a mirgazah (executioner) who had made a hole in his nose and passed through it a string, which he sometimes pulled with such violence that the unfortunate fellows cried out alternately for mercy from the executioner and for vengeance from Heaven. It is the custom in Persia on such occasions for the executioners to collect money from the specta- tors, and particularly from the shopkeepers in the bazaar. In the evening, when the pockets of the executioners were well filled with money, they led the unfortunate fellows to the city gate, and there turned them adrift. After which the mollahs at Shiraz sent men to Bushire, with power to seize the impostor, and take him to Shiraz, where, on being tried, he very wisely denied the charge of apostacy laid against him, and thus escaped from punishment.-—Literary Gazette. ANOTHER SURPRISING CUrtil BY IIOLLOWAY'S PILLS. —Miss Barber, a very respectable milliner and dress- maker, residing at Bellevue-place, Shrewsbury, had been for a coiisideiable time in a low nervous, desponding state, accompanied with general debility, together with settled pains in her head and stomach, with much expectoration. From this most critical state she was perfectly restored to health by taking three boxes of Hollow-ays Pills. This wonderful medicine will give new health and vigour to persons of the most debilitated constitutions and sedentary habits, and this after every other means have failed. THE FOOD QUESTION.—The Mayor of Liverpool has refused to accede to the prayer of a requisition signed by upwards of 5,000 inhabitants of the borough, including men of all shades of opinion, to call a public meeting, to discuss and deterllline what steps should be taken to alleviate, and, as far as possible, prevent that distress which threatens to overtake a large and helpless portion of our fdlow-subjeets, arising from the failure of the potato crop, and the injury done to the wheat crop." His worship states, that as the distress apprehended from the lamentable disease and waste in the potato is at this time especially engaging the attention and con- sideration of Her Majesty's responsible advisers, it would seem, pending their investigation and deliberations, premature to call a meeting of the inhabitants of the borough for public discussion on the subject. If, however, the apprehended distress should unhappily assume an aspect of certainty, when the channels are manifest through which aid can be most effectually and advantageously given, he would be prompt to promote any measures calculated to afford substantial relief. His worship's reply concludes—" In adopting this course, I am relieved by the assurance, that the cause of humanity is in no way involved; since, happily, there is no pre- sent want of sustenance for the poor." DISEASED POTATOES.—The following is a copy of a most useful handbill which has just been circulated by Mr. Dillwyn Llewellyn, of Penllergare, Glamorgan- shire, amongst his neighbours and servants: Tliou- sands of potatoes are already cankered, tens of thousands are perishing day by day, and hour by hour, and if nothing is done to save them, the whole will shortly decay, and then there will be a scarcity of food and starvation, and famine in the land. Take warning, then, and save what you can while there is yet time. Above all, re- member, that every potatoe will certainly perish that is left buried in the damp earth, or touching those that are already decayed. The disease, in either case, will undoubtedly spread, and spread quickly, and you will lose your whole stock. Be advised, then,-sptre no trouble-lose no time, but dig all your potatoes up, and sort them into three heaps. 1. Let the first heap con- sist of those which are quite good and sound—pick and dry them very thoroughly, and store them away in dry sheds or outhouses, with ashes, or sand and lime packed with each, so as to separate them entirely from one another. If you have no outhouses, raise a founda- tion of loose stones, or sticks, above the level of the ground—place your potatoes on this, and thatch with straw. All depends on keeping them dry and separate. 2. Let the second heap consist of those which are partly diseased, but where the canker has not gone deep. Carefully pare away the blackened parts from these cut the sound parts in half; wash them well, twice, in water, and, running a string through the middle of each, hang them up (like ropes of onions) to dry in the sun and wind, and keep them for use. The paring of these should be well steeped in water, and then boiled for pigs or cattle. 3. Let the third heap consist of those that are quite spoiled and bad. Wholesome food may be prepared even from these. Make a grater of a piece of tin plate, with rough holes punched through it with a nail with this grate your bad potatoes into a pan of water strain the juice's pulp through a piece of coarse canvass, and let the liquid part stand for ten minutes in an earthen pan-pour off the water—collect the white sediment at the bottom—wash it again in water-dry, and keep it for use. It is nourishing and wholesome food-a kind of Arrowroot, being valuable to mix with oatmeal or flour. The solid pulp, which is left in the canvass bag may be dried into cakes, and kept for cattle and pigs-to be boiled when used. If you think that to do all this is too much trouble, re- member, on the other hand that the choice may be Fa- mine and beware how you trifle with your own and Children's food. RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION IMPERATIVE.—The fol- lowing is an extract from the British and Foreign Railway Review:-Trace back the history of railways from the period the Liverpool and Manchester line ,Obtaine(I their bill up to the present time. What opposition did not the new locomotive principle en- counter ? What powerful prejudices and influences were arrayed against it ? with what difficulty and at what expense; sacrifices were every step in advance made ? how long even did doubts of the remunerative nature of the very best lines prei-ail-shifes quoted at heavy discounts which now command the highest premiums? No! there is nothing, we venture to affirm, of a rash, hasty, or ill-considered character in the present, railway movement, taken per se as a move- ment. On the contrary, it is deliberate, well-digested, the result of mature and originally dubious judgment, convinced only by the irrefragable evidence of un- doubted facts. Until the established lines proved by their accounts, not only that they were gaining great increasing profits until those districts which had not railway communication found themselves outstripped in the race of competition, by the rivals who enjoyed such facilities; the great body of the public held aloof from the speculative and far-seeing men who embarked their capital in railway enterprise. Now, it is the great body of the public who are engaged in it. Its ramifications extend to all classes, and there is no interest too large or too minute for its embrace. As a public movement, founded on deliberate public con- viction, and aiming, by the instrumentality of private advantage, at the accomplishment of a great public object, it must and will progress to a triumphant result. As well try to roll back the Thames to its source as to stop the current which has now set in and we warn those who seem disposed to make the attempt that it will be in- vain. Judiciously to regulate, guide, and direct it, is another and a different task, and in that, as in a common object, we shall ourselves ever be ready to join." SANDWICH IsLANDS.—By accounts recently arrived from the Pacific.we receive intelligence of the addition of a new member to the juvenile family of nations :— The Legislative Council of the Sandwich Islands, con- sisting of a House of Nobles and a House of Repre- sentatives, were convened for the first time on the 20th of May. The King was dressed in a new military suit and the Queen in a figured straw-coloured silk dressy bonnet of the same colour, with white ostrich feathers. The fort announced his Majesty's entrance into the Legislative Hall by a national salute—twenty-one guns. The foreign vessels of war responded with the same number of guns. When their Majesties had ascended the throne, the Rev. Mr. Richards, American missionary, addressed the Throne of Grace, after which the King ordered his assembly to be seated, and then read his speech :—" We have called you together to deliberate on matters connected with the good of our kingdom. In the exercise of our prerogative, we have appointed Gerrit P. Judd, Esq., to be our Minister for the In- terior Affairs of our kingdom Robert C. Wyllie, Esq., to be our Minister for Foreign Relations; and John Ricord, Esq., to be our law adviser in all matters re- lating to the administration of justice. We have ordered our Ministers to lay before you reports of their several departments. The independence of our king- dom has been most explicitly recognised by the United States, Great Britain, France, and Belgium. From each of these powers we have received the most friendly assurances." [And so on, quite in the European style.] After the conclusion of the speech, Mr. Young, one of the nobles, offered resolutions of thanks to the Govern- ments of Great Britain, France, Belgium, and the Uni- ted States, for recognising the independence of the islands, which passed unanimously. On the next day, the 21st, both Houses replied to the King's address, concluding with "God preserve the King!" The Ministers presented their reports and estimates on the same day, and the ordinary business of the session com- menced. The Council appointed the 31st of July as a day of fasting and prayer, in token of gratitude for Divine favours bestowed upon the islands. There are two packets now running between Oregon and Hono- lulu; the American brig Chenamus," Capt. Sylvester, and the Hudson's Bay Company's bark Cowlitz. Capt. Heath. The voyage between the two places averages 25 to 30 days. The Polynesian newspaper advertises salted provisions, barley, oats, peas, beans, butter, &c., from Oregon. The shingle trade is very brisk, an evidence that the Yankees are at work on the banks of the Columbia.Ifonti-eal Gazette.
WEEKLY CALENDAR. I
WEEKLY CALENDAR. I TUB Moo's CHANGES.—New Moon, on the 29th of November, at llh. 41m. moon. The Moon rises, Nov. 29.— 7h. 29m. A.M. I Dec. 2, 10h, 17m. A.M. 30.— 8h. 3am. 3. lOh. 55m. Dec. !.— 9h. 31m. I 4.11h. 25m. The Sun rises. Clock after Sun. I The Sun set. Nov. 29. 7h. 43m. 11m. 26 sec. 3h. Mm. Dec. 4. 7h. 501n. 1,, 9 Iml 31 sseece.. 1 3h. 51m. Dec. 1.—Length of day, 8h. 7m.; day's decrease from the longest day, 8h. 27m.; day breaks, 5h. 42m.; twi- light ends, 5h. 50in.
HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING…
HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES, I FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Llanelly Cardigan Tenby DAYS. Carmar- and and Aberyst- then Bar. Bristol. Milford wyth. Nov. H. M H. M. II. M. H. M. Saturday. 29 5 32 7 0 6 0 7 30 Sunday. 30 6 14 7 48 6 48 8 18 Monday DEC 1 7 0 8 36 7 36 9 6 Tuesday. 2 7 45 9 24 8 24 9 54 Wednesday. 3 8 33 10 12 9 12 10 42 Thursday.. 41 9 21 11 0 10 0 11 30 Friday 5 10 15 11 48 10 48 12 18
LONDOIN GAZETTE.
LONDOIN GAZETTE. BANKRUPTS.—(I rid ay, ATOT.21.)—W. Atkin, Stockton- upon-Tees, Durham, grocer and draper.— W. L. Kelly, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, printer and stationer.— W. II. Blackmore, Dean-street, Soho, plumber, painter, and glazier.—J- Brown, Hornsey-road, builder.—Charles Bowen, Tower-street, wine-merchant.—C. M. Harraan, Milbank-street, Westminster, veterinary surgeon and farrier.-IL Worley, Newgate-street, provision merchant and commission salcsman.- W. Chaloner, Lincoln, tailor and draper.—G. Pratt and J. Hodle, Addison-road, and Qucen's-road, Notting-hill, builders. BANKRUPTS.—( Tuesday, Nov. 25.)—C. J. Russel, scrivener, Ludlow, Sbi-opsliire.W. Lendon, sen., and W. Lendon, jun., curriers.—J. Warren, surgeon dentist, George-street, Ilan oier-s(i i i are. -W. Cooke, innkeeper, Egham, Surrey.—J. L. Royer, linen-draper, High-street, Rochester.—J. Woodhams, plumber, High-street, Port- land-town, Middlesex.—C. Wadhams, carpenter, Char- lotte-street, E'ortland-place, New-road—G. Little, corn- chandler, Southampton-terrace, Camdcn-town. John Evans, cheesemonger, High-street, Shorcditch,-Edward More, coal merchant, Norwich.
I AGRICULTURE, MARKETS, &c.
I AGRICULTURE, MARKETS, &c. I (From the Mark Lane Express" of Monday). Tboug-h the accounts from Mark-lane have not 01 late been of a character to give much encouragement, the trade in Wheat has, since our last, assumed a de- cidedly firmer tone at the leading provincial markets; and, contrary to the usual course of affairs, price have began to move upwards in the country, whilst they have remained nearly stationary in the Metropo- litan market. It is [Jot « common occurrence for t d provincial markets to take the lead in an upward movement; but past experience has proved that whenever the trade exhibits this somewhat rare fea- ture, the rise is occasioned by legitimate causes, ge- nerally in consequence of a knowledge—which noue are so capable of arriving at as the growers them- se" cs-that the harvest has turned out really de- fective. We are, therefore, disposed to regard the turn which business has taken at the chief country markets as a direct confirmation of the opinion have aHaiong maintained, viz., that the crop of Wheat is decidedly short of that of average seasons. Independently of the admitted deficiency in the pro- duce of Wheat, there are abundant reasons why the value of Wheat cannot be expected to range low the most forcible of which is, unquestionably; the exten- sive failure in the potato crop. The fear that that portion of the crop secured in an apparently soun d state will not keep, has hitherto prevented any scarcity being felt, as it has had the effect of causing the growers to hasten supplies to market but when a serious falling off does occur—and that this will take place ere long there is sufficient reason to appre- bend—an immense increase in the consumption of bread, and indeed of all other articles of food, must inevitably follow. As a redeeming point, we have every reason to believe that the crops of Spring corn have generally given a good return, and that the pro- duce of hay, straw, turnips, mangold wurtzel, and other articles of cattle-feed, are large. There hAr been rather an improved sale for the best marks of town-manufactured Flour this week, at fully previous prices; and ship samples were held with increased firmness on Friday. The supply of Barley has been rather large. The maltsters and distillers hare throughout the week conducted their operations with more than ordinary caution and, notwithstanding the material fall which prices had previously under- gone, the tendency was still downwards lit the close of the week: 38s. to 39s. per qr. have become extreme rates for choice qualities; and other description8 have been sold at proportionate terms. Malthas been equally difficult of disposal as Barley, and the few sales effected have been at prices which would not have been accepted last week. Large arrivals of Oats two consecutive weeks, and the previously very high value of the article, have caused a great change in the position of the trade in this grain. The business done on Wednesday was at a further decline of Is. per qr. but on Friday some improvement took place in the demand, and it was not difficult to make pro- gress in sales at the rates of the preceding market day. The only alteration in the duties on Thursday was a fall of Is. per qr. on Barley. s. s. S. s. Wheat, Engl., red 54 to 62 Oats, English feed 25-26 White 9-0 Potatoe 31 — 33 New, red 52-61 Youghall Black. 2, 9 Do, white 59-67 Scotch feed 30-39 Barley, Malting 34-30 Irish Galway. 26—29 Chevalier 36—38 Dublin 27-29 Grinding 28 30 Londonderry. 27-29 Irish Waterford white 27-29 Scotch. 30 31 Clollmel 27-28 Beans, Tick new.. 38-40- SEED, Rape 271. 22s Harrow.. 40 — 44 Irish 221. 26/. per lat. Peas, Boiling 50—56 Linseed, Baltic. 40 41 White 50-56 Odessa 50 — 56 Mustard, white 10-—12 ,Alaple 4,3-4,5 Brown.. per bush. Malt, Brown 51-54 Flour, Town-made Chevalier. 62 64 andbesteountry Kingston & Ware. 60 — 62 marks 56 6 Suffolk & Norfolk 56—58 Stockton 44 46 Ry, new. 35 37 Norf. & Suffolk.. 46 —48 Indian Corn 34 3.5 Irish 50 52 LONDON AVERAGES. £ s. d. ?s.o. Wheat. 7,110 qrs.3 5 10 Rye. 67 qrs.l 19 1. Badey. 2,813 1 18 4 Beans.. 685 2 3? Wheat. 7,110 qrs.1 3 17 8 4 5 ? Peas 1,3"1 2 9 Oats.12,661 1 GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN. Week ending Nov. 21.-Imperial-General Weekly Average,—Wheat, 59s. 5d; Barley, 33s. Od Oats, 24s. lid Rye, 34s. 5d Beans, 45s. 5d; Peas, 44s. Id. Aggregate Average of six weeks which governs Duty. —Wheat, 56s 2d.; Barley, 31s. 4d. Oats, 23s. Id, i Rye, 33s. geL; Beans, 43s. 6d.; Peas, 41s. 7d. Duty on Foreign Corn.—Wheat, 16s. Od Barley, 18. Od; Oats, 5s. Od; Rye, 9s. 6d; Beans, Is. Od; Peas, Is. 6d. SMITHFIELD MARKET. From our own grazing districts, the receipts of Beasts fresh up this morning were on the increase and of considerably improved quality yet, DiVing to the unusually large attendance of country buyers, the Beef trade was active, at an advance in the quotations of 2d. per 81 bs.-the primest Scots producing 4s. 611, per 81bs., and at which a good clearance was effected. The numbers of sheep being rather more than equa to meet the wants of the butchers, the Mutton trade was in a sluggish state, and previous figures were with difficulty supported. Prime small Calves solo freely, at full prices otherwise, the Veal trade rule dull. The Pork trade was again steady, but no advalle* can be noticed in prices. A STATEMENT & COMPARISON of the SUPPLIES and PRICES of FAT STOCK, exhibited and sold in SMITHFIELD CyrTLE MARKET, on Monday, Nov. 2), 1844, and Monday, Nov. 24, 1845. Per Slbs. to sink the offal. 5 Nov. 25,1844. Nov. 24, 1846. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Coarse & inferior Beasts. 2 4 to 2 62 4 to 26 Second quality do. 2 8 2 10..2 8 3 2 Prime large Oxen 3 0 383 4 38 Prime Scots, &c. 3 10 4 0 3 10 4 0 Coarse & inferior Sheep.. 2 6 2103 4 3 10 Second quality do. 3 6 384 044 Prime coarse woolled do.. 3 8 3. 11 ,,4 6 4 S Prime Southdown do. 3 10 4 0 4 10 5 0 Large coarse Calves 3 4 310310 4 6 Prime small do. 4 0 444 85 0 Large Hogs. 3 0 3 6.. 3 10 4 6 Neat small Porkers 384 0..48 52 BUTTER, BACON, CHEESE, AND HAMS. In<:hButter,new,cwt.s s I Cheese, pcrcwt. s.  Carlow, 100 — Double Gloucester.. 62 6?8. Sligo  92 — Single ditto 48 ^2 Banbridge — — Cheshire 56 7" Cork, 1st 98 — Derby 56 60 Waterford 91 — American. 48 Enghsh Butter, Foreign ditto. 46  Dorset, per firkin.. 54 — Bacon, new. 48 6? ewt  T i d d l e r, orei gn B titter,  Prime Friesland. 98 — Hams, Irish 56 64 Do. KiE'I. 98 — Westmoreland 66 "JT Fresh Butter, 13s per doz. York 66 7" PRICE OF TALLOW, &c. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. Stock this day .32,661..24,648..30,046..31.436..23,344 Price of Y.C.. 4Gs.0d..48s. 3d..41s.6d..40s,9d..— s.Od. to to to to to 47s.Od. ,48s.6d..42s.pd..41s.0d..42s.0d* Deliver.lastweek 3,508.. 2,250.. 3,018.. 2,986.. 3,681 Do.from 1st June40,656..37,879..37,831..33,564..41,189 Arriv. last week 7,.7,39.. 3,155.. 3,8S7.. 3,950.. 2,545 Do.from 1st June55,794..43,277• .48,778..46,009..48,567 Price of Town. 51s.6d—51s.0d—46s.0d—54s.0d—44s.0d. METALS. £ s. d. £ s. d- IRON—bar Wales .per ton 0 0 0 to 9 5 0 London 9 15 0 to 10 0 0 £ ail rods 0 0 0 to 10 15 0 Hoops (Staf.). 0 0 0 to 12 0 0 Sheets 0 0 0 to 13 0? Bars 11 OOtoHlOO Scotch pig, Clyde 4 5 C to 4 10 0 Russian, c, cxn 0 0 0 to 15 10 Jj Gourieff. 0 0 0 to 13 15 » Swedish, for arriv 12 0 0 to 12 10 0 on the spot 0 0 0 to 12 0 Steel, fagt 16 10 0 to 16 150 kegs 15 15 0 to 16 0 « COPrER-Tile. 0 0 0 to 92 0 jJ Tough cake 0 0 0 to 93 0 JJ Best selected 0 0 0 to 96 0 0rdinary Sheets lb. 0 0 0 to o0 104 bottoms 0 0 OtoO 0 1*4 TIN-Com. blocks cwt 0 0 Oto 5 0 0 bars 0 0 0 to 1 0 Refied. 0 0 Oto 5 6 Strnts. 411 0 to 4
Advertising
FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE SEW. c., SEE THE SUPPLEMENT TO THE WELSn MAN OF THIS DAY. ADVERTISEMENTS AND ORDERS RECEIVE15 BY THE FOLLOWING AGENTS LOXDOX Mr. Barker, 33, Fleet street,; Messrs ton & Co., Warwick-square Mr. G. Reynell, 42, Chat^ cpry-lano: Mr. Deacon,'3, Walbrook, near the ManslO; Hoiise; Mr. Hammond, 27, Lombard-street; W. D:t'd son and Son, 74, Cannon-street; Mr. C. MitchcU, -Red Lmn Court, Fleet-street: Messrs. Lewis and Lowe, Castle-Court, Cornhill, London. ABERYSTWYTH Alr..Tenlins, Printer, GreatDar Gate Street. ABERGAVENNY .Mr. C. R. Phillips, Auctioneer. BRECOX .1r. William Evans, Ship-stree BRIDGRN-D "Mr. David Jenkins. t Blu.sTOL Nlessrs. t CARPIFF Mr. Bird, Post Office. CARDIGAN Mr. Isaac Thomas, Printer. 1 DUBLIN .J. K. J ohnstone& Co., Edcn QUI! HAVERFORDWEST ..Mr. H. Davics, Victoria Place. LLAXDILO .IT. Thomas James, Stationed LAMPETER .Mr. Rees, Druggist. LLANELLY "Mr. Gawler. MILFORD Mr. Gwyther, Custom House. MEIITIIYR Mr. Wiiliam Morris. NEWCASTLE-EMI.YN Mr. William Jones, Printer. t PEMBROKE Mr. R. C. Treweeks, Cheniist- SWANSEA Mr. Grove, Stationer, "\Vind-s d TENBY Mr. Walkington, Chemist, A Miss Bourne, Library. Aud all Postmasters and Clerks of the roads. THIS PAPER IS REGULARLY FILED bv all the aboyc al,?CT' and also in London, at Peel's Coffee-House, 1 N 0. 177, and 178, Fleet-street.—Deacon's Coffee-Hou?se°,'??. brook, and the Auction Mart. ?_?-—?-" pariI' h oC Printed aud PuhUshcd in Guildha.n Square, in the PgT'. b of St. Peter, in the County of the Borough of Carniarthen,bY the Proprietor, JosErn IIEOINHOTTOM, of ijetin Torrac in Carmsirtben aforesaid. FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 18-45.