The Welshman

 I.'•!POTITANT RAILWAY MINTING AT BRECON. j I T rV'-> irirlcM c<j to {lie proprietor of the t1urÙm for p. y o!' hi-, report o!' the following meeting. ] 'First M«*P! i ncj. in this town, of the of {'• r .'i-, :t; :e, took place s'-he C.st'e Ho'eL The B-Met-tiug was, of course, private but part of th? 1 1.11 (f the day w::« tn iav before the Landed Pn;j»r i rt.'s-s <> f tha County the various Linos which had from til? town of Birmingham to and behind Brecon, <1nd tt) ascertain the views and wishes «f the erent l ePien w h ose properties would necessarily be I irt'-rfered-with, relative to any deviation of the Line j which snv partic-lar interest may lead t l iciu to des i re. The town of Brecon, ;s the r: c2ntre of the Welsh Midland, was « proper selection for holding the meeting Il;j we observed that Viscount Hereford; I'enry I[¡lams, J-I' (If th.. L"rd Lieutenant of the County; j L'yd V. V/a'ViniV; of Pcnnoyr" 'Walter Mayberv, | 'i C otretti.si, of l>an-y-Park H. A!It'n, Esq., of Onkn-id:K''v. Hu.h Bo.d;' Kev. Thomns Powe.l; Kev. Thomas Vaughan Colonel diaries Wood, and the C.her great Land owners oil the intended course of the R ailway through this County, were in attendance; | and so- general was the satisfaction felt throughout the :l)r;t;,llr;;{lf::ai¡{lf; ;l¡;ilol: i: C-i'upaMV. that the hoi's of .St. Mary's 'w.?!'es"tri"?in?, ;l¡ It); J l\O: r i I t gft:;t i :'¡ r ( r; fi!? ;Jst ble throughout the town. A'ter the conclusion of business matters, the din:ct0rs and sevcnl o. the !7,"ntry and clergy of the neighbour- hood, sat down to a dinner served up in the best styie of Mr. Evans's establishment. The Chair was taken by J. Palmer Budd, Esq., of Yst:uyfcra, near Swansea, one of the Deputy Chairmen L :¡f;V:O:J :¿;¡ for Lu d low, as Vice. After the ch'th h?d been remove d the Chairman gave the health of Tier Majesty the Queen, which was duly honoured Prince Albert and the Royal Family fallowed. C'n th," ,\ï.I.V::n. Navy bein, irank, A 'thur '.v. Wood, Esq., being called upon rose to ftni-n thanks, and said he should have been very glad ii tae duty had tallen into othn hands, vet bein? called up0n, he shouhl be sorry to let it be said that Jack had f.iiled in his duty. Ai! present knew that he was one wiio had turned his sword into a ploughshare, yet, from ?htt he kne .v of both ?''rvices.hewascc.r?dent that if the day of trial ever did come, th'-y would not only ma i ntain their former fame, but carry it even higher. The Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese wa3 the nest toast, g iven. rb Jtev. lIt; ;h Bold, of Brecon, rose to return thanks, and having done so, said he believed that Railways con- duced much to the general benefit of the countries through which they traversed; he had travelled by them, and was each time more convinced of their utility, and, there- fere, was cnmident that in this county, site d at such a U'st an e? from the Metropolis, andhenr ",ht ah: -f. add from civilization, a 'me of Kai!way won' I op.?'r ?culiar and ?reat advantages. He had, therefore, only to hope that it would benefit the proprietors as much as it would the in;Il}it:lJ:t3 of South Wales, who owpr] a deep debt of gratitude to the pr imoters of the Welsh Midland Railway, lie had the pleasure of knowing one of them who now sat at the head of the table, and therefore he begged to propose the health of Mr. Budd. (Appiause.) The toast was drank with three times three. The Chairman begged to thank the company for the kind manner in which his name had been received, m connection with his humble services in the promotion of this Railroad, and said that they had arrived at a time when the increased activity of life, required fresh faeiiitics fcr social and commercial intercourse. He therefore had hailed with delight the rapid growth of a means of communication adapted to unite closelv toge- ther the most distant places. Man's life is not to be measured InNcly hy his animal respirations, as it con- sisted in ideas and sensations. If the inhabitants of this country could be enabled themselves to travel, and to convey their produce in 3 hours, a distance which formerly occnriccl12 hours, they might hope to keep pace with places which tire.idyenjoyed those facilities. The frreat undertaking in which thev w?rc this day engaged, had this tendency, and would unite the rich mineral dis- tricts on the other side of the mountain barrier, with the rich agricultural country on this side, besides connecting both with the populous manufacturing towns of the centre, and the North of England. It would thus en- able them to convey direct into those districts, the products of Wales, avoiding the circuitous route by sea und by the Severn, with the frequent troublesome, and expensive transhipments. It would, he was confident, also extend the benefits of civilisation, and in this res- pect place Wales fully on a par with the other parts of the kingdom. Mr. Budd then repeated his thanks for the honour conferred on him, and said that he had to propose the health of a gentleman universally respected, the Lord Lieutenant of the eountv, and he believed that they had taat day enabled to meet some objections which he naturally entertained to a close proximity of the line to his ancestral domains. Thev had evinced every wish to consult his feelings, and he now felt con- fident of obtaining his support. The health of Penry Williams, Esq., Lord Lieutenant of county, was then drank with honours. Thomas Davies, Esq., Llangattock Court, returned thanks in a very appropriate speech. The Chairman said, that the gentleman whose name Le had next fo propose had long been connected with the county of Brecon, and had, from the first, giyen his warmest countenance and support to this undertaking. The great urbanity pf Colonel Wood (cheers) was well known to all, and the degree of paternal feeling whieh hp manifested concrnillg his con;;tituc>nts, be (Mr. Hudd) had. never seen surpassed and he knew that this was appreciatod by all parties, whatever their political feelings might be, in the county. ( Hear, hear.) in spite of his numerous other important avocations, he given his time, his attention, and his luterest,to the promotion of the Welsh Midland and therefore, he con:it1r-rcd it their duty to manifft towards hinl everv possible respect in their power. The toast having been drunk with great enthusiasm, Arthur vy Wood, Eso_, said he was sure thev would believe him when he told them that nothing could be more gratifying to n son than to hear the name of a kind and affectionate father thus received in the county for -which he was a member, and for this he begged to return his Illest sincpre thanks. Mr. Wood then stated that his father had not been able to attend this meeting, or to visit his constituents at as early a period as usual, in con- sequence of his mother's illness; but he was happy to say that she was now much better. Mr. Buchl had allu- ded to his father's attention to this undertaking, and he could assure them that its success had been the wish of his heart from the first; and his motive was the firm holief that it would greatly advance the prosperity, not only of his own little county,but of all South Wales. His constituents well knew that he was one of the old sehoo),and as far as habits and predilections went,he would, perhaps, prefer investing his money in old-fashi- oned ways but he thought this line of railway would be of so much benefit that he did not hesitate embarking capi- tal in it. Mr. Wood then stated that his father would have continued his active share in the management did he not feel that a younger person could render more service, and Imd therefore put him in the Directory as his substitute, though he himself could have wished the dutv had de- volved on some more efficient person. He then proceeded to point out the advantages which must result from bringing Ùis county nearer the manufacturing districts an.'i the metiopolis. It any district would derive benefit from a iiailroad, it was emphatically this he knew that a work of such magnitude could not be carried out with- out to a few; but he trusted that a sense of puolic utility would go far towards reconciling any such parties to what was unavoidable—for he could con- fidently assert, that r.n the part of his brother directors, no effort should he wanting to accommodate all parties as much as possible; and concluded by stating his belief that the line would not only benefit South Whiles greatlv, but also amply remunerate the capitalists, who had so li- berady brought their money into this country. The Chairman said, that he now begged to propose t^ oe name of a gentleman of great property on the inten- ded hue, who had manifested a desire to afford every facility to the undertaking. He should, without further preface, give the health of Charles Morgan, Esq., M.P., for the Borough of Brecon. (Drank with Cheers.) John Parry Dc W inton, Esq., of Maesdcrw-en, rose and said, that a most important toast had been placed in his hands, and lie should have been very happy if it had been in his power to do it justice he could not, However, think of proposing success to the Welsh Midland Railway without a few words respecting a project which must con- fer such extensive benefits on his native county. Happily, in one point of view, and unhappily In another, its inhabitants resided in deep but fertile valleys, which supplied them with all thev wanted, except markets,- and these were IIOW about to be afforded them. The old red sandstone formation was separated no-v by a mountain barrier from one of the greatest Mineral Basins in the worid. He had Jong beenconnecteà with Merthyrandits thousands of industrious people, and knew that in con- sequence of the prohibitory cost occasioned by hauling produce np an ascent of a thousand feet, they were almost entirely supplied with provisions from the distant shores of Ireland to the exclusion of their immediate neighbours. "W hen, however, the farmers of Breeonshire and Here- ford-hire should be emancipated by the Welsh Midland, from those heavy charges which amounted to nearly 2s. 0:" even ,1s. per sack, they would find a good and steady market for their produce. But this was not all: it was a true adage that time v> as money," and if they could accomplish as much ill three hou" as they once did. in a uav, he need not waste their time by pointing ont the advantages which must necessarily follow; in fact, a communication would be opened to them from Land's End to the northern extremity of the kingdom. One most important advantages, however, still remained for consideration: he referred to the increased facilities for procuring the necessary article—fuel. At present, coal scid in th:s town at 15?. per ton, and In seme parts of thc county at 2,?.; but when this line was earned out, it \voi:h; cnah.? poor people to enjoy the comfort of firing, at the late ot from 8s. to 10s. per ton. Unckr these cir- cumstances, he was sure there was no OLe present that wouul not cordially respond to the toast. It wa.s worthy ot remarx, on sucii an occasion, that the first Locomotive j ever tried, ran from Merthyr to Quaker's Yard on the c rtninon tram-road, and conveyed the first lvail, ever moved by locomotive power. That beulg the case, should !1)t ail Welshmen exert themselves to s upply the countr "y which fi^rst, gave birth to Locomotion with good Railroa d s He felt convinced, that the Directors wauid do all in their power to accommodate the gentry of this county, and to prevent any inconvenience to the public many who once opposed RailrGad were now cn.incf'd (f the advantages trey produced, and the faeiiitics thev afforded. Ui;derail t.iose c i rcumstances, he felt muc h ?lea-.ure in proposing, "Success to the Welsh Midland TtaUway. When he gave hi" carac as a member of the Provisional Committee, he had given up the South Wales line because he con- fcidered that this would prove more beneficial to his own niore inmeljilte neighbourhood, as well as to Hereford- shire, Radnorshire, and Cardig'anshire, by connecting them with Swansea ;l1Irt lcrt)"r. At the Harne- time, he thought the inhabi'ants of those districts were much etibged to those strangers who devoted their time and their mone y to inch a bcne-ficii ob j ect; an d t h erefore, F:; to :I' l:: ':}(;Ei;t,: ::t'¡ !{:YE3i (' e.airman, ami the ot her gentlemen w h o h.:d cmoarkc- d their capital. (Applause.; James Ackpr^, o :\1.P.. a:d thE,C was taken by surprise in^ being calicvi upon to return thanks for the M i di-«.e; t,otn'iu y as he was in hypes it wou l d have been ,u much mo:v ah ly done frcm the chair, fie felt, h'-wevo, happy to Mand before tkjm to represent fcJi u;u;«i -w/ijeh h? b?l:ev-»d veuid not pnlv 1 the counties through which it passed, but also repay the .shareholders who had placed their property in the care of his brother directors. When he first became a Railway Director, it was at the request of his constituents, in a. very short line, from Hereford to Kidderminster, which had" s i nce been amalgamate d with the Welsh Midland rhu-. he had been led from little to more, and he could assure them he did not regret it. One advantage which h-e had already derived had been the opportunity of ex- tending the circle of his acquaintance, and he had this day an opportunity of being introduced to many gentle- men of this and other counties, whose friendship he should he proud to cultivate. Mr. A. concluded by returning thanks on behalf of the Directors. The Chairman said, it was now his dut" to propose the healths of several parties who had honoured them with their presence at their board meeting that day. The prin- cipal object of that meeting had been to consult the landed interest and the inhabitants, with regard to the course which their line should take. Mr. Wood had fully expressed the sentiments of the Directors, as to their desire not to ocaSlOn to any person any inconvenience which could possibly be avoided, and he could assure them that no expense or trouble would be spared consistent with the interest of the public, to avoid anything which could possibly inconvenience any person residing en the line, and to render the Railway an unmitigated benefit to the country through which it passed. Situated as he had I been on the other side of the ridge of hills, where the great works and mines, together with the great focus of I the population of Wales was to be found; when he saw consumed around him hay from Somersetshire, flour, oats, and bacon from Ireland, and pit timber from the Isle of Wight; when, in fact, he saw that all the prime articles of consumption by that dense population were sea-borne: when he found that beyond those hills there existed a rich country, full of all the necessaries of life, suffering under the want of a sufficient market for its produce when he found too, that the agriculturists of that country were suffering from almost a dearth of fuel, that lime sold at 6d. to 8J. per bushel, and coal at a high price, and when he also found that through that country a direct and speedy communication could be obtained with th" great warks of Staffonlshirc as wI'l1 as with those gTat marts of commerce, Liverpool and Birkenhead, and that all those advantages might be obtained, if they coulù once pierce the little ridge, whieh diyiùed them from their neighbours, he felt it an.object of paramount importance to endeavour to unite two eaunties mutnally useful to each othn, He felt, too, pNsonally interested, for he knew that if he, as an Iron Master, could send the pro- ceeds of his furnaces direct to the markets of Staffordshire and of the Xorth, instead of sending first a considerable distance to the South, with the delays and expense of chartering vessels, and the inconveniences of loading and unloading repeatedly, it wolld greatly condnceto the prosperity of his trade. It had been justly remarked by Mr. De Winton, that time WIS money, and if he cou1d bring to market the produce of one day on the next, and at the same time could reccivc ample supplies of food for man and horse, who would say that this will not be beneficial and remunerative to ail parties ? It should not be forgotten too that through Carmarthen, LhndiJo, and Llandovery, there had existed the old post road to Eng- land from time immemorial; towns had grown up along that road, and he con1d see no reason why they should divert travelling from the well accustomed course, par- ticularly when they found that the gradients of the inside county were far superior to the CDast line. Therefore, taking all these things into consideration, knowing that it was not impracticable, believing that it would be very lucrative, and fully convinced that it would be for the benefit of the public generaly, as well as to the interest of the part of the country with which he was more im- mediately connected, he had taken up the project warmly and had now the pleasure of seeing it progressing most satisfactorily. On the part of the Directors then, he had to thank the Landed Proprietors who had met them that day in such a friendly spirit., and begged to propose the healths of Viscount Hereford and the o\her Landed Gentry who had that day favoured them with their attendance. (Drank with cheers.) Lloyd Vaughan Watkins, Esq., said the honour of returning thanks had devolved upon him, though he could have wished it had fallen into abler hands but no oac could feel a warmer interest in the undertaking than himself, and he had taken shares in it, as well as in the South Wales line, from a conviction that they would both be highly beneficial to the principality he also expressed his gratification at finding such a desire to accommodate all parties on the part of the directory and ststed his opinion that where they would consult the convenience of the landowners on the line, there were advantages attendant on such a course, which were well worth a little trouble to secure, and concluded by stating that he should consider no amount of personal inconve- nience so great that he would not willingly encounter, to forward the views of a company who were evidently disposed in an unusual degree to consult the wishes of the coùntry in respect to their measure. The Rev. Hugh Bold, in a very complimentary speech proposed the health of Mr. Gibbs, principal Engineer engaged on the Survey. Mr. Gibbs said he was more used to looking out lines for railways than making speeches but if he could do so he should have felt it his duty to acknowledge their kind- ness in the most powerful manner. He was most happy to think that he had been entrusted with a line of such great importance, and managed by such a number of in- fluential Directors. He was also proud to say that they had entrusted the whole survey to him, and had left him entirely uncontrolled. In no one instance had any one of those gentlemen expressed any wish as to making the line to the right or to the left, but contented themselves with directing him to lav out the best line for the benefit of the country. He could not take the honour of being engineer upon himsE'1f, for he divided that with Mr. Stephenson, with whom he was in daily consultation. Mr. Ackers, M.P., in a very able speech referred to the benefits which the nromoters of this En" had derived from the assistance and experience of the Directors of three of the oldest Railways in the Kingdnm--the Birmingham and London, the Midland Counties, and the Manchester and concluded by prolJosing the health of Joseph tlegan, Esq., of Liverpool Mr, Ilegan said that the flattering manner in which his name had been mentioned by Mr. Ackers, added much to the difficulty of addressing and adequately thanking them. He did not think any assistance afforded to the Welsh Midland, by other companies, worth mentioning, for it had met no opposition which the ability of the Chairman, seconded as he had been, did not fully suffice to overcome. It had been matter of surprise to him, that while distant parts of the world were supplied with improved means of transit, "W ales had been allowed to slumber, but such was not the case now—she was fully awake in the determination to be put on a par with hitherto more favoured portions of this kingdom. From the highest to the lowest there was manifested no difference of opinion, and the only wish seemed to be to ascertain the best means of carrying out the desired object. This Railway had not originated from mere speculators, for it owed its birth to their respected Chairman, and to him alone. His letters in the public papers—which would never be forgotten in Wales—had awakened the spirit of enterprise, and bad set minds to think how the object could best be carried out, and but little was therefore necessary to convince the public of its utilty. As for the experience brought to the Board, he believed that they would consider that amply supplied, when he told them that the Law Agents of the Company were those able men to whom the destinies of the London and York line had been confided, during the recent great and difficult struggle but as one of the firm, Mr. Rose, was present he should say no more. The next important point was the choice of an Engineer, and when he mentioned the name of Stephen- son, he need say no more, for his was an European repu- tation, and as to Mr. Gibbs, he could-himself bear witness, that under his inodest demeanour lav hidden Engineering talent second to none in the kingdom. (Loud applause.) Mr. H. then reiterated his sanguine expectations of success, and said that though the Welsh in former davs had shown that they knew how to raise a barrier against their foes, he had no doubt they would reduce their fastnesses, to admit their friends; he would impress the necessity of union in their future proceed- ings every one. however humble, had influence in his own circle, and he exhorted each to exercise it to the utmost for the common good. Mr. A. W. "Woodproposed the healths of the Solicitors. Mr. Rose said, he had not been prepared for the honour done to himself And partners, and in return could only assure them that no efforts should be wanting on their part to put the irresistible merits of this line before Parliament, so clearly as to ensure success. In the course of the next two months, he trusted matters would be properly prepared for passing that fiery ordeal. It would be their first and chief desire to carry out the objects, and consult the wisnes of the Hoard and Share- holders. Mr. Ackers, M.P., in a neat speech, proposed the health of Mr. Rawson, of Bridgend Place, Kent. He said, that after public attention had been directed to the subject by Mr. Budd's letters, Mr. Rawson had come forward in the most liberal and generous manner, and at once offered from his own pocket, to defray the heavy ex- pense of a preliminary survey; thus, the line had nothing to do with the Stock Exchange from the com- mencement, and he certainly thought that the thanks of the people of Wales, as well as of the company, were justly due to Mr. Rawson. (Chcers.)- Mr. Rawson said, that as he was unprepared for such a complimentary notice and reception, they must excuse him from making a long specch, for he could only give them his very sincere thanks, and express his hearty hop8 that toe project of whieh he was one of the origina- tors, might succeed to the extent of their most sanguine wishes. Of this he had not the slightest doubt, when he saw around him so many gentlemen of engineering skill, great local knowledge,"influence, and public spirit. A few who had entertained some objections, had met them that day, and he hoped he might say that they too had been conciliated- in fact, they had not met one enemy and had been surrounded by universal friendship. Mr. Parry De "Winton said, that he had now to propose, as a toast, the name of a gentleman who had not per- sonally assisted them; but as he had sent, his son, Mr. Joseph Bailey, M.P., to their suMort, he was sure the toast would be responded to, parhrly as they were indebted to that young and talented gentleman for the ability he had displayed in forming the connection between that Company and the Hay Railway, and which gave them a foretaste of the manner in which he would perform his duties as a Director. The father was worthy of such a son, for his liberality of feeling and straight- forward conduct h:!d rendered him popular among li classes. Mr. Dc WInton then referred to Mr. Bailey's entcrprljf and commercial judgment, which had ^enabled him to embark the whole of his fortune in Nantyglo works with such success as to render him now one of the first capitalists of the kingdom. He concluded by proposing the health of Joseph Bailey, Esq., M.P. tor the county of Worcester. Mr. Ackers, M.P. said he was afraid that he had tired thcru by rising so trpquciitly, but when he mentioned the name of their Secretary, he was quite sure he should be pardoned. That gentleman was well known and much esteemed in the adjoining county of Hereford, as well as hy many gentlemen now- present; he had put heart and sou! into their great undertaking, and had ?iven up a profitable profession to become their secretary. He had had 'requent opportunities of w i tnessing Uis ability and zra 1 on the sub-committees, he could assure them imposed heavy labour. lie would refer more especially to the allotment committee, the most important perhaps of the whole. His great local knowledge enabled them t form a judgment cf the various applicants for s1:1'3, "wI he believed their Banker's book* new proved his inf:riuatira t" have been correct. The past was the best guarantee for the future, and when he recollected the care and precision with which tho documents, ac- counts, &c. &c., were kept, and the promptitude with which the resolutions of the board were always acted upon, he could only congratulate them as a company, in having the advantage of Mr. Pritcharu's care and attention to their interests, and in conclusion, begged to propose that gentleman's health. (Cheers.) Mr. Pritchard rose and said, I beg to acknowledge the compliment you have paid me in drinking my health, and when I consider that I am indeotcd for this honour, more to my official connexion with the great company, whose representatives arc here assembled, than any other position which I may have occupied in my own native county, (to which my friend Mr. Ackers has so kindly and considerately alluded,) I confess I feel doubiy my incompetency s\1fficintly to thank you. Whe- ther it be to my personal achantagp to be occupied in con- ducting the business of the Welsh Midland Railway, I cannot now stop to consider, but so long as the direction continues of the same high and honourable character it hitherto has done, I shall feel it to be a high honour to be in official connexion with them, and they shall find me a willing servant in their cause. Gentlemen, I cannot with anything like an adequate expression of my feeling, convey to you the satisfaction I enjoy at seeing the great landed proprietors of this county, whose properties will necessarily be interfered with by this mea- sure, assembled around the festive board, in friendly communion with the Directors of it, after a full explana- tion of the intentions of the Company. It is an earnest of that good feeling which it is the study and anxious desire of the Directors to promote.—Gentlemen, my friend, Mr. Ackers, an untiring member of the Allotment Committee, whose labours extended over fourteen days, and almost as many nights, has been pleased to bear testimony to my usefulness on that occasion. Knowing as I did, that the carrying out of this measure depended upon the character of the Proprietary, I felt with thatjt gentleman and the other members of the Committee, that no amount of labour could be better applied, than in the thorough investigation of the characters of the applicants. That this Committee, on whom so much responsibility rested, well and truly performed their duty, the character of the Welsh Midland deed will best testify and here I may be permitted perhaps to reply to a question which has just been put to inc. Gentlemen, the Welsh Midland Railway is the offspring of the wants of the conntry-it was first projected by Mr. Budd, and submitted for the consideration of Mr. Rawson, and other great capitalists in London, who were largely in- terested in Iron Works in the Welsh valleys. Mr. Rawson, with the prudent foresight of a man of business, directed a survey of the Country to he made by Mr. Gibbs, and instructed Mr. Bishop to give him a report of the probability or otherwise of its being remunerative to shareholders. The line having been reported to be of easy construction, and the traffic as equally favourable, that Gentleman at once rallied his friends around him, and they determined in asking the support of the public and to show by their own subscrip- tion to the undertaking, that they not only believed that it would be beneficial to the public, but that it would also prove a desirable investment for capital; and when I point to the deeds of this Company, and shew you that its Proprietary is composed ofthcThompsons, thp Baileys, the Goldsmids, the Rawsons, Glyns, Mills, &c., and descending into the provinces, especially in this part of it, of the De Wintons, the Powells, and at Llandovery, of the Jones's, and all through the Country of such men as these, I hold that the Welsh Midland Company in wealth and importance, does not stand second to any in existence. The other Great Railways, the London and Birmingham, the Midland, and the Great Western, may boast of their power and influence, but I hold and repeat that the Welsh Midland stands second to none of these, either in the character of the Proprietary, or in the fair expectation of profitable returns for vested capital; and I trust that ere Ion?, when what has been so aptly termed here to night "The irresistible merits of this measure" shall have been fairly laid before parliament, we may meet to congratulate the Country on the final accomplishment of an Inland Communication for South Wales. Mr. Parry De Winton, having alluded to the good feeling manifested by several members of the Brecknock and Abergavenny Canal co. in attending the meeting this day, although, probably, the line would, by bringing in coal, materially affected a part of their revenue, gave the health of Walter Maybery, Esq. Mr. Maybery briefly acknowledged the compliment. The Rev. Thomas J. Powell, of Cantreff, having very neatly complimented A. M. Storey Maskelyne, Esq., on the eloquent manner in which he had advocated the project of the Welsh Midland Railway at one of the preliminary meetings held at Llandovery, proposed that gentlernan's health Mr. Storey Maskelyne rose to express his grateful thanks for the honour conferred upon him as one of the Directors. The Health of Mrs. Palmer Budd. proposed by Mr Ackers, M.P., was acknowledged by the Chairman', and that of Sir Charles Morgan, Bart., proposed by John Parry De Winton, Esq., was acknowledged by "Phillip Vaughan, Esq.; Rev. T. J. Powell proposed the health of Mr. Day, Solicitor, and that gentleman in a neat specch, acknowledged the compliment. The health of Thomas Davies, Esq., of Llangattock Court, was proposed by Mr. Pritchard, who bore testi- mony to the high opinion of his judgment entertained by several noblemen possessing property in this and adjoining counties Mr. Davies in returning thanks expressed a strong desire to see the Welsh Midland carried out. Mr. Ackers, M.P., in proposing the health of Messrs. Vaughan and Bevan, the Local agents, at Brecon, paid a high compliment to their discrimination and exertions. Mr. Vaughan rct:¡rncd thanks. The Chairman having vacated the Chair, several toasts (including that of the press) and good speeches followed, and the harmony of the evening C was kept up under the able presidency of Mr. Ackers for some time longer.

A FRIGHTFUL COLLISION occurred a few days since on the railway between Sunderland and Brochley Whins, owing to the gross carelessness of one of the company's servants The following particulars have been com- municated by a gentleman who was present We started from Sunderland by the half-past three o'clock n. m. mail tram. Before we had proceeded above half a mile, "we came in contact with the three o'clock train from Newcastle, both proceeding at a quick pace at the time. The collision was most fearful, and the con- sequences very serious to the passengers. Our passengers included Mr. Charles Tee, a great railway proprietor, of Barnsley Mr. Brunton, town clerk of Sunderland; Mr. Richardson and Mr. Gutch, two highly respectable solicitors at York, who had been assisting in the election of Mr. Hudson Mr. Fahy, of. the Anti-Corn-law League several other gentlemen, and about half-a-dozen ladies. Not a single person travelling by our train escaped injury. Mr. Richardson and Mr. Gutch were both badly bruised, and especially the latter gentleman, whose face was painfully disfigured. lie was rendered very feeble owing to loss of blood. Our stoker had, I believe, his arm broken, while the engine-driver, seeing his danger, saved himself by leaping off the enging. A boy, about fourteen years of age, had his eves frightfully bruised and cut. Mr. Falvy sustained a contusion on the leg. All the women were severely stunned, but more particularly two of them, one of whr.m had an infant at the breast in her arms at the time. The child did not seem to be much worse: Having only one carriage with our train, it is miraculous that every life was not sacrificed. The massive iron of our engine and tender was shattered to pieces, and our escape from certain death can only be ascribed to a strop," truck which was placed between our carriage and the engine. That coming from Newcastle was a larger train. 3 Its engine was likewise much broken, and many of the passengers injured, bi^iess seriously than those of the other train. "hat is i Pxcti,,ab.le *LCOTine.Xion with the sad occurrence is, that it took place at a junction of two lines (the one being a diversion for the conveyance of coals), where there is only a single line of rails, and where the signal flags for the Newcastle train to stop were actually hoisted at the time. DEMOLITION' n: A TRAIN ON THE MIDLAND RAIL- WAY.—On Monday evening the express train from Leeds to Manchester ran oh the line near Methlev. a station on the Midland Railway, about eight miles from Leeds. The engine ran down an embankment of some thirty feet. in depth, and was completely smashed to pieces. The only carriages attached to it were one of the first and one of the second class, the former being next to the engine, which was broken away, and the impulse it received sent it down the embankment with a dreadful crash. The second class was not propelled off the permanent road, but merely over-turned on the line, with very slight injuries to the passengers or the vehicle. The number of passengers in the train was only six, and three of them were in the first-class earriage-a gen- tleman, with his wife and daughter, proceeding to Man- chester. The carriage was a new one, beautifully fitted üp, consisting only of one apartment, and intended for the accommodation of parties taking summer excursions. This carriage must have rolled over several times in descending the embankment, and no wonder that it should be shattered to atoms, as it really was. The only perfect portion of the carriage was the floor; the seats, doors, blinds, dtc., ¡wing s1'liII1crrd or torn into mere fragments. It appears miraculous that parties occupying a carriage under such circumstances should escape without the most dreadful injuries; yet providentially the three passengers escaped without being' seriously hurt. lliey were all cut about the head, and they bled freely from their wounds at the time of the accident. It is exceedingly probable that they were thrown from the carriage when it was broken bv the first fall over, as it is impossible tlir-y could have been so slightly injured if they had remained longer in the carriage, which was completely demolished bv its rebounding down the em- bankment. They and the other passengers were removed to Leeds hy a train which passed soon after the accident, a ¡d rm'dicaJ treatment was prDcllrcd for t!J'ISC who, condition required it. NEW LOCOMOTIVE AOKNCV.—A letter from Phila- delphia, published in the Mey>>oriaNt^J,ioi(cn, has the following:—William Evans has rewlved a problem, which must overturn our present system of railway and steam-boat propulsion. By means of enormous com- pression, he has succeeded in liquifying atmospheric air, and then, a few drops only, of some chemical com- position, 11pured into it, sufiiee to make it reSutn0 is ori;¡ina.1 Y(';1r: with an elastic force quite prod;¡.;i<1us, An experiment, on a large scale, has just been H!d. A train of t\e,lty loaùeù waggnnè> was transmitted a distance of sivty miles in less than an hour and a qurater—-the whole motive power being the liquid air inclosed in a vessel of two gallons and a half nicistire into which fell, drop bv drop and from minute to minute, the chemical composition in question. Already subscriptions are abundant, and a society is in course of formation. The inventor declares, that an ordinary packet-boat n11Y make the passage fr,)\)) Philadelphia to Havre in eight days, carrying a tnn of bis liquid air. A ?t"sun-engine, of s ix-l\0T>e power, wi.1 produce tha* -j'wuitiiy in eight hours." ft

OCCUPATION OF THE PEOPLE IX WALES. A comparative .dpartl1 rf intelligence of interest, occasionrd by t he closing of the Parliamentary Session, offers a favourable opportunity for laying before our readers the foilo" iug statistical de<ails relative to the occupations of the People ll1 SOllth Wales. TheyareclIpipd from the abstracts made by Edmund Phipps and Thomas Vardon, Esqrs., the Census Commissioners, and will doubtless prove not only interesting but instructive. BRECONSHIRE. Commerce, trade, and manufacture o,7S9 Agriculture o,-3S9   atid gr,,irier?,i 2,107 I Agriculturallahourcrs. 3,1-10 Labourers not agricultural -5,118 Clerical profession 136 Legal pr'ofcssio!1 21 Medical profes-.Ion. 49 Other educated po-sons. 173 Male servants 40') Female servants 5,612 Of indPpendent means 1,30-3 Ah?s-ppopio, pensioners, ?z? ,!9? i?Ll) occu-)atic)ns ?,4os Residue of popu l ation 32,69-5 Rcsiduentpopnlat'n. 3 2, 6 9. )  The number of persons per cent, engaged in trade, commerce, and manufacture is 10' 4. and in agriculture 10*1. The principal manufacture is the iron, which employs 518 persons, of whom 89 are under twenty years of age; the woollen manufacture employs 33 persons, of whom 7 are under twenty years of age. In addition to which, 28 persons are returned as spinners, and 110 as weavers, the manufacture in which they are engaged not being specified. The mines employ 3315 persons (of whom 811 are under twenty years of age); of this num- ber 1093 are employed in the coal, and 125 in the iron miiies. The quarries employ 164 persons, of whom 19 are under twenty years of age. CARDIGANSHIRE. Commerce, trade, and manufacture 5,f>57 Agriculture. 8,990 Farmers and graziers. 3,197 Agricultural labourers 5,173 Labpurcrs not agricultural. 1,596 Clerical 145 Legal profcssioii 20 professicii 48 Other educated persons. 113 Mai e servants 1,. t Female servants 8,363 Of independent means 2,193 Alms-people, pensioners, &c 605 All occupations 25,805 Residue of population 12,691 The number of persons per cent. engaged in trade, commerce, and manufacture is 8 2 and in agriculture 13 1. The principal manufactures are as follows, viz. :—The woollen, employing 138 persons, of whom 26 are under twenty years of age and the hat, em- ploying 117, of whom 2 are under twenty years of age in addition to which 270 persons are returned as weavers, and 187 as spinners, the manufacture in which they are engaged not being specified. The mines em- ploy 774 persons, of whom 85 are under twenty years of age; of this number 545 are returned as lead- miners. CARMARTHENSHIRE. Commerce, trade, and manufacture. 9,073 Agriculture 14,511 Farmers and graziers 5,503 Agricultural labourers 8,936 Labourers not agricultural. 3,129 Clerical profession. 189 Legal profession. 63 Mcdicatprofessioti 64 Other educated p(rSOIlS 384 1Ilaleseryants 1,068 Female servants .1:,7:3 Of independent means 3,601 Alms-people, pensioners, &c 1,031 All occupations 40,883 Residue of population 65,443 The number of persons per cent. engaged in trade, commerce, and manufacture is 8 • 5, and in agriculture IP, 7. The principal manufactures are as follow, .,iz, The copper, employing 267 persons, of whoifi 28 are under twenty years of age; the iron, employing 60 per- sons, of whom 4 are under twenty years of age the woollen, employing lOG persons, of whom 22 are under twenty years of age and the cotton, employing 20 per- sons, of whom 2 are under twenty years of age: in addition to which 32R persons are returned as weavers, and 41 as spinners, the manufacture in which they are engaged not being specified. The mines employ 1637 persons (whereof 3G2 are under twenty years of age) of this number the coal-mines employ 1499, and the lead-mines 74 persons. GLAMORGANSHIRE. I Commerce, trade and manufacture 23,939 Agriculture. 10,086 Farmers and graziers 3,191 6,643 Labourers not agricultural. 19,369 Clerical profession 259 Legal profession. 90 Medical profession. 132 Othcredueatcdpersons 793 Male servants 1,346 Female servants 15,620 Of independent mcans. 4,071 Alms-people, pensioners, &c 3-51 All occupations. 70,703 Residue of population 100,431 The number of persons per cent, engaged in trade, commerce, and manufacture is 14 0, and in agriculture 5-9. The principal manufactures are as follow, viz.:— The iron, employing 3113 persons, of whom 579 are under twenty years of age the copper, employing 1343 persons, of whom 268 are under twenty years of age; the tin, employing 491 persons, of whom 186 are under twenty years of age the nail, employing 160 persons, of whom 19 are under twenty years of age the earthen- ware, employing (painters included) 1SS persons, of whom 30 are under twenty years of age; and the woollen, employing 119 persons, of whom 15 are under twenty years of a £ e (exclusive of 287 persons returned simply as weavers, and 187 as spinners). The coal-mines employ 6.537 persons, of whom 1567 are under twenty years of age the iron employ 1317 persons, of whom 330 arc under twenty years of age; and the copper employ 97 persons, of whom 17 are under twenty years of age. In addition to the above, 3165 persons are re- turned simply as miners. The quarries employ 131 persons, of whom 20 are under twenty years of age. I PEMBROKESHIRE. i Commerce, trade, and nIanufaetllrc. 7 ,t5;) Agriciil,ture 9,470 Farmers and graziers 2,993 Agricnlturallabonrers.. 6,1-;1 Labourers not agricultural. 2,770 Clerical profession. 236 Legal profession. 43 Medicical profession. 48 Othcreducnted persons. 274 1,413 Male servants .11?27 Female servants 1^1,'0-10.77 Of independent means. 3.147 Alms-people, people* 943 All occupations 33,317 Red He of population .54,727 I 1 I- The number of persons per cent, engaged 111 nauc, commerce, and manufacture is 9-0, and in agriculture 10-8. There -,ire no manufactures of any extent in this county. The stocking manufacture employs 40 persons, all of whom are above twenty years of age and the woollen 33 persons, of whom 5 are under twenty years of age. In addition to the above, 8 persons are returned as factory-workers, 78 as spinners, and 137 as weavers, the manufacture in which they are employed not being specified. The mines employ 874 persons, whereof 851 are returned as coal-miners, of whom 226 are under twenty years of age and 23 as miners (branch not specified), of whom 5 are under twenty years of age. The quarries employ 77 persons (of whom 9 are under twenty years of age); of these, 31 are returned as em- ployed in limestone-quarries, 2 in slate, and the plove d ill lime- remainder not specified. I RADNORSHIRE. Commerce, trade and manufacture. 1,970 Agriculture 4,G09 Farmers and graziers 3,60 A?ricu;tural labourers. 3,008 LabourorsnotasucuIturaL. 306 Clerical profession 64 Legal profession 8 Medical profession 18 Otlier edticate(I pcrsous. 51 Msle s ervants 368 Female servants 2,798 Ofindcpcndcntmpans 8 5 Alms-people, pensioners, &-c 180 All occupations 10,023 Residue of people 1-5,328 I The number of persons per cent. engaged in trade, commerce, and manufacture is 7'8, and in agricul- ture 18 2.

STF.AM.—At a dinner to commemorate the opening of a branch of the Eastern Counties Railway, a few days since, the Bishop of Norwich said, ""We look back to past times with utter astonishment, even to see what has been occomplished i-i the last half century. I can remember the time when there was not a railway exist- ing, and when there was not even a steam-boat navi- gating the ocean. I recollect the time, when, sitting with three gentlemen who were officers in command of packets between Dublin and Holyhead, I hinted, as n young man, that a steam-boat, might manage to navi- gate from Dublin to Holyhead: why I was laughed to scorn. I was told she would go down by the licad, or sink by the stern—that she would do anything, except in a calm day, run her way from one port to the other. I But in three short years after that, these three naval commanders were in command of steam-packets, and feeling a peculiar decree of satisfaction at the situation thev possessed. THE MRNIIKR. OF ELIZA GRIM WOOD.—A private now lying at Portobello barracks, was charged at College-street policc-office, Dublin, on Wednesday evening, with being absent from quarters without leave. On being given into custody, he asked for and paper, remarking to the inspector that he would surprise him. His request being complied with, he stated tSat his name was George 11:11, that he was a native of London, and son of a resid- in Teinple-bar, in that city and that be was the mur- derer of Eliza Grimwood, whose death caused such a sensation in London some years ago' The prisoner at the time \las under the influence of liquor. The prisoner was brought, before the magistrates on Thursday. After proper caution being gi*cn, he was asked by Alderman Tyndall, if he had any communication relaii%.e to his disclosures of last evening to make. Ile replied, after some minutes' hesitation, that he had nothing fur- ther to state at PI* -e,eiit, but he begged to be understood that he .retracted nothing that he had stated. He was ¡ then ftll1al1li..4.>

THE CONDITION OF'THE IRISH PEOPLE. The Times has despatched its OWN COMMIS- SIONER"* into Ireland to enquire into the real causes of the grievances which exist there, and of the dis- turbances to which those grievances give rise. The Commissioner" has taken up his station at Cavan, and dates his first letter from that place on the 21st of Aug.instant. Weneed scarcely say that it is a pecu- liarly interesting one, and that we therefore give copious extrcts from it in order that our readers may be put in possession of the opinions of the Commissioner" as to the true causes of the really deplorable state of the sister Isle. It is a position conceded by all parties in Ireland that want of employment is the cause of much poverty, dis- tress, and mischief. Unhappily that mischief too con- tinually exhibits itself under the form of aggravated out- rage; and as, unhappily, the variety of opinions as to the causes of those outrages, whilst they scatter the force of united puhlic opinion, distract men's minds, and prevent the application of the remedies which alone will put a stop to outrage. The author of the Past and Present Policy of England towards Ireland, has laboured to show that disturbances in Ireland originate in religious causes—that the want of a state provision for the Roman Catholic clergy ne- cessitates the maintenance of a numerous army in Ire- land to maintain tranquillity, and that a concurrent en- dowment of the Roman Catholic clergy, as a measure of justice and wisdom," is that which will make Ireland tranquil. Those who assemble in Exeter-hall to uphold Protestantism maintain that the spread of Protestantism, and the conversion of Roman Catholics, will alone tran- quillize Ireland. Both the parties whom these opinions represent attribute to religion, the messenger of peace," the source of all strife. Another large party contends that Irish nationality will stay Irish ab- senteeism, and secure prosperity and content to Ireland. It is the object of my present letter to endeavour to prove by evidence, which it will be difficult to dispute, that the source of all mischief in Ireland—the real origin of every disturbance, and of almost every crime, is the leant of employment—that religious differences but ex- acerbate the irritation which this unvarying cause pro- duces-and that as "drowning men catch at straws, the remedy of Irish nationality" meets with support amongst desperate men, whose circumstances cannot be worse, but who would scout the notion of narrowing their opportunities as a manifest absurdity, were hut the sooth- ing influences of constant and remunerative employ- ment to produce among them their necessary conse- (iiieiiec-conteiit. The commissioners recently appointed to inquire into the occupation of land in Ireland, in their report, page 11, state,— Whatever difference of opinion may be put forward or entertained upon other points, the testimony given is unfortunately too uniform in' representing the unim- proved state of extensive districts, tic of employ- ment, and the consequent poverty and hardships under which a large portion of the agricultural population continually labour. ° The obvious remedy for this state of things is to provide remunerative employment which may at once in- crease the productive powers of the country, and uu- prove the condition of the people." The Report of the Census Commissioners (Ireland) for 1811, states that the population of the county of Cavan is employed in the following- proportIOns in each hundred families (page 18) Proportion of 100 families chiefly employed in agri- culture, 75; manufactures, trade, &c.,20; other pursuits, 5 agricultural plus proportion of other pursuits, 79 manufactures, trade, &c., plus proportion of other pur- suits, 21. Showing, by comparison with the census of 1831, a slight increase in the manufacturing proportion of 8 per cent. since the census of 1831, chiefly owing to shops or trade, and a relative decrease in the agricultural proportion of occupation. So that here 79 per cent. of the population are employed in agriculture, and 21 per cent, in manufactures and trade. The great outlet, therefore for means of occupation for the population, as it naturally increases, is in the proportion of 4 to 1 in agricultural pursuits. We will now examine what is the extent of this means of occupation, or rather how much employment this large proportion of agricultural pursuits can afford to an in- creasing population, or to those who, from any cause, may be thrown out of exployment. According to the census of 1811 (page 455) there are 25,611 farms in the county of Cavan, and this number is thus con- stituted :— Above 1 to 5 acres. 10,807 <5 to 15 acres. 1?,?98 L?to 30 acres 1,9 58 33 acres 668 Total 25,641 Thus 23,000 out of the 25,600 farms are under 15 acres, or of a size so small that each occupant is capable of cultivating his farm by himself-they offer no occupa- tion to the labourer. It is more than questionable that each occupant and his family can, without assistance, cultivate the farms which range from 15 to 30 acres, or the majority of them. Then what remains from agricul- ture as a source of employment for the natural increase of population, and for those who may be divested of employment ?—the labour which 668 'farms above 30 acres can give in the whole county of Cavan. But these farms are already stocked with labourers. It is almost needless to prove that they do not afford scope for the surplus industry of the unemployed. The census of 1S11, however, will do it in two lines. Out of the 57,651 individuals of the rural population of Ireland, who annu- ally migrate to En1and in search of harvest work, squeezed out to look for employment, and thereby to reduce to their own condition the poor labourers of Eng- and—the county of Cavan sends forth 1,904. (Census, page 27.) Iftlie3, could find work at home they would not go to England for it. These few farms, therefore, above SO acres, do not find means of employment for the unemployed. The same observations will apply to the narrow field which trade and manufactures afford. The trades and manufactures, which occupy 21 per cent. of the population, arc already supplied with artizans, and they chiefly employ women. It is very questionable if this branch of employment affords work for the natural increase of those concerned in it. "Whilst agricultural occupations employ 56,583 men and 2,111 women in the county, manufactures and trade of every kind employ but 8,198 men, and 31,870 women, out of a population of 213,158. # r If necessary further to pursue this proof, the general statistical accounts of Ireland lead to the same result. The Census Commissioners of 1811 (page 11) state the natural and uniform rata of increase of the fixed popu- lation to be 12 per cent. in the 10 years from 1831 to 1841 yet the positive returns show an increase in the resident population of little more than 5 per cent.; and they account for the remaining increase of 7 per cent. by estimating the draughts from Ireland, driven out to seek employment elsewhere, at 572,464; and they thus compute this enormous number from their returns :— From 1831 to 1841. Emigration to the colonies 428,471 — Great Britain IM,8H Rpcrults for the armv. 34,090 East in,,Iit Coinpan), 5,089 572,464 So that we not only have Great Britain nndinj em- ployment annually for upwards of 57,000 harvest labourers, but also for an increase of 104,814 labourers, permanently settled in Great Britain in 10 years and the whole number of persons of Irish birth dwelling in Great Britain, June, 1811, is stated to have been 419,256. (Census, page 10.) So that a million of the population of Ireland of the present generation is permanently squeezed out of Ire- land by want of employment, and driven to starch for a livelihood in Great Britain and our colonies, over and above the annual swarm that migrates during the har- vest time. As neither trade nor manufactures, nor agricultural labour apart from the occupation of the land can give work to increasing population, and to those out ot em- ployment (and with work of course the means of subsistence), and as four-fifths of the amount of existing employment, or 79 per cent., is derived trom the occupa- tion of land, for the most part in patches of from 1 to lo acres, it necessarily follows that the struggle of the majority of the increasing population well be for tnc occupation of such a patch of land. As land also docs not increase, but the population does, and the occupation of land is nearly the only means of enipjO} merit, and therefore of subsistence, which the country afioids, it follows that as no population will starve without despe- rate efforts, or emigrate without struggles against this desperate remedy, nearly as intense, the obtaining and retaining possession of such a patch of land are objects which enlist the strongest of human motives—the struggle for existence. It is existence with a patch of land it is starvation without it. Every p-tssion-evei-v instinct of the human heart—is roused to obtain and retain possession of the patch of land, the means of existence. Ejected from his land, without other means of living, the Irish tenant is rendered desperate by the prospect of starvation. Turn whichever way he will, an impossibility of obtaining subsistence faces him. Need we wonder that outrages and combinations to resist ejectment, even to death, grow up from such seed ? Tell a man thus desperate—reckless—that lie owes his present misery and prospective starvation to Protestant ascendancy—to a desire to substitute a Protestant tenantry—to a Saxon desire to siib-,titiite a Prote,, Government—or to a harsh landlord—and you lash ex- isting desperation into fury, and give direction to already existing passion. Bitter sectarian hatred, rebellion, and assassinations are the result. But, would the foolish and wicked talk about Protestantism, or Popery, or Saxon rule, or harsh landlords, whether true or false, produce such results without the pre-existing, all- exciting cause of mischief—desperation, founded on hope- less starvation ? # Surely the evidence I have quoted, from many sources, all bearing out the same view, is enough to convince any thinking and reflecting man that want of employment, and consequent want of subsistence, is at the bottom of every mischicfundcr which Ireland labours—that religious strife, political demonstrations, and want of education, though they may embitter and brutalize the population, are not the real c:mscs of outrage and commotion. I11 order to stay these mischiefs, statesmen must go to the root— mns take measures to secure employment for the people; and it is worse than folly to deceive themselves and the public by mere surface measures about Maynooth and educational colleges, which will not stay one hour any outrage which a starving, and despera c, and hopeless nun may be driven to, In blind revenge for a real or fancied wron", I he cames of tbat w-ant of employment will farm the  •■uej of f?, ?drL (.31,1111111,1 I is Ilr. T. C Foster, •"amstcr at law. the Reporter en^a!?ed in Wales during the Uebeec.aite disturbances, lie i< assisted by a son of Mr.~12ro- therton, .-i.l who is a Barrister also, and accompanies him as Secretary.

Br.GIN AT iloMF.—John Adams, ex-president of the United States, being called upon for a contribution for foreign missions, said. I have nothing to give for that purpqse but there arc here in.this vicinity six ministers not one of whom will preach in the other's pulpit. Now. I will give as much or more than any (:n. else to civilize thtie clergymen." t

Since our publication last week despatches from India have been received. They communicate no political or military events of moment. Amidst the commercial and other domestic news the most salient fact that starts up to view is that the cholera is sweeping off the Sikhs by thousands. In Lahore and its neighbourhood that scourge of tropical climates has carried off from five to six hundred a day. But we are rejoiced to learn that, at the last accounts, the rate of mortality was decreasing and the disease giving way. Between twenty and thirty thousand persons had died of cholera when the despatches left for England. For the details of this calamity and of all the other Indian news we refer the reader to another column.

Religious riots arc still raging with unabated fury in Germany. Our readers arc aware tbat these riots had their origin in Ronge's protest against the exhibition of the Holy Coat of Treves; and they will peruse with peculiar interest the account of the disturbances in vari- ous places which our columns contain. The Times takes a-philosophical view of these riots, and in terms tells us truly enough that there is an in- herent inextinguishable tendency to quarrel in the pro- fessors of hostile creeds. Temporary indifference may effect a truce and temporal power may disarm the champions of hostile creeds but Intolerance and Re- ligious animosities are rooted in the strongest convictions of which men are capable. This, if a fact, as we our- selves undoubtedly believe it is, is humiliating twr human nature nor does it supply the Statesman vnfta very strong inducement to stimulate religious zeal by mea- sures which would render that social incidence—that dangerous element when carried to excess-intense and wide-spread. For our part, we can readily conceive of a much worse state of society than that which is con- ventionally described by our more-churches clergymen as one of spiritual destitution are not religious riots worse ?—religious discord, religious disturbances, and religious violence! What mischief as well as profanity is included under these contradictory terms Rooted religious convictions, according to our contemporary, in whose opinion we have already expressed our unqua- lified concurrence, "burst forth from time to time with a fury which nothing, can resist." Alas for religious conviction Alas poor human nature Thy convictions hathe canker at their root, thy religious zeal hath the flambeau of fanaticism by its side and thy pride of intellect is but the feebleness of an arrogant folly A calm devotion to Humility is perhaps man's highest, holiest wisdom.

In these days of Railway speculating and stagging," as the Times not inappropriately terms it, our readers will not be surprised to learn that s £ n things as fictiti- ous Railwaycompanies have sprung into existence, and that a number of these affairs are now actually in full operation, wjfch "all appliances and means to boot" for the purpose of catching the unwary. It is surprising, that, since the South Wales Railway Company first pioneered the way into the heretofore closed rocky fastnesses and mountain-girded vallies of Cambria, the whole island seems to have become sud- denly alive to the vital importanoe of constructing rail- ways into, and through the Principality. The number of lines projected is surprising, but the amount of capital to be poured in amongst us, for the purpose of developing the immense, but hitherto hidden wealth of Wales, is almost surpassing belief. Knocking down a few mountains, and damming up a few rapid torrents, is but child's play, and so the whole country is to be turned into a sort of aina, cur studio for young engineers. To all this we have no objection, but we certainly do think it ^tvisable that where so extensive a scheme as a Railway is to be carried into operation due publicity should be afforded it. We are sorry to observe that this is unfortunately not the case. Not a day passes without our seeing in the metropolitan papers prospectuses of Railways intended to benefit Wales, and in the list of promoters to each are the names of a number of highly esteemed land- holders and other gentry of the Principality. And not only do the metropolitan papers contain the prospectuses, but all the papers in towns where Railway speculation is at its height, have them also while the inhabitants of the country through which the line is to run, and in which the gentlemen said to promote the line reside, are studiously left in utter ignorance on the subject. Does this look well ? We think not, and shall therefore take every opportunity of showing that there are a number of schemes for Railways said to have for their object the benefitliug of Wales, but which in reality are only intended to benefit their promoters. In other words they are mere Bubbles." We know that the following arc bona fide and that it is the determination of the Directors of each to per- se\ere in carrying out the schemes which they have an- nounced :—South Wales Welsh Midland Gloucester and Aberystwith Great North and South and Wor- cester Brecon and Merthyr; Shrewsbury and Here- ford; and last though not least, the Vale of Neath Railway. Of all the other Welsh schemes we at present know nothing, and our object in writing these few lines is to prevent persons' minds from being diverted from lines really calculated to benefit the Principality.

PEMBROKESHIRE. Lord Emlyn, we learn, is enjoying himself in Scot- land. His Lordship and a few friends, votaries of Isaak Walton, have succeeded in landing and killing within four days no less than 25 fine salmon from the Findhorn. A Board of Admiralty, consisting of Admiral Sir G- Cockburn, Captain Dundas, the Hon. Mr. Corry, 8cc-, accompanied by Capt. Brandreth, and Sir WT. Symonds, visited the Royal Dock Yard, at Pembroke, this week. After minutely investigating the official routine of cleri- cal duties, and the arsenal generally, their Lordships, accompanied by the Inspector of fortifications of that dis- trict, turned their attention to the defences of the vici- nity, and it is confidently asserted that batteries and other means of protection will be forthwith taken in hand- The Major of Pembroke had an interview with the Board, on the subject of the branch of the haven run- ning to that ancient town, the navigation of which is being much impeded by the improper discharge of bal- last. Indeed there can be little doubt that the conti- nual deposit from vessels resorting there for limestone, &c., will ere long prevent the passage altogether of ships of any large tonnage. Already it is so dangerous that most of the supplies of merchandize are landed ot Pembroke dock. The quarries of course cannot be iU- terfered with, and where the ballast is to be thrown out without doing injury is more difficult to decide on than to'talk about. The Board left on Wednesday, after ha- ing expressed themselves highly satisfied with the parti- cular and general economy of the arsenal. A Sermon on behalf of the London Association in ai& of the Moravian Missions was preached in St. Tbo-- church, Haverfordwest, on Sunday last, by the Rev. C. H. Bromby, minister of St. Pauls, Cheltenham- The long talked of alteration in the departure and return of the Haverfordwest mail, is to take place on the 1st September. Instead of leaving at 9 P.M., returning at 4 the next morning, it will arrive at Haverfordwest 9 r.M., and leave for Begelly at half-past 3 the next morning, where the Driver and Guard will have to remain for 11 long hours. THE WEATIIER AND CROPS IN -A very favourab,e change has taken place in the .Yea, ther since Monday last, and although the amount of damage doue to the growing crops is very considerable, there will yet be a fair average crop of grain of all des- criptions, with the exception of wheat which is reported to be very smutty, and will scarcely yield one half of last years produce. The harvest in this county is confessedly very late, but active operations are going on, and a fell weeks more of the present favourable weather will suffice to clear the fields of their produce. ORDINATION AT I -ORD.-In the early part of this year, Mr. T. Lloyd, then a student at the Inde- pendent College, Brecon, received an invitation from the church assembling at Tabernacle, to become co-pastor with the Rev. W. Warlow, which he accepted. Thurs- day, the 21st of August, was appointed for publicly re- cognizing the union accordingly, at half-past 10 o'clock on Thursday morning, the services commcnced- After a hymn had been sung, which was read by the Rev. N. Harries, of Middle-hill, the Rev. J. Griffiths, St. David's, read a portion of scripture and engaged in prayer—another hymn having been sung, the Rev, Joseplms Williams, of Pembroke Dock, preached froJt1 Acts xiv. 27, on the nature of a Christian church, and was followed by the Rev. James Williams, of Albany Church, Haverfordwest, who proposed the questions to the young minister, which were satisfactorily answered a hymn was again sung, after which, the Rev Caleb Morris, offered the ordination prayer. The Rev. II. Griffiths, President of Brecon College, then delivered the charge, and concluded the service by prayer. In the evening, at half-past six o'clock, the Rev. W. War- low introduced the services by reading and prayer, at the conclusion of which, the Rev. W. Davies, of Fish- guard, preached to the congregation from the lOth chapter of Ezra, and the 1th verse. The Rev. Caleb Morris closed the services of the day, by commending the church and ministers to the care of their Great Head- The Pembrokeshire monthly meeting of the Calvinis- lic Methodists was held at Kilgerran on Tuesday and Wednesday last. The services commenced on Tuesday evening at 6 o'clock when the Revs. Messrs. George Williams, student at Trefecca, & T. Richard, Fishguardt preached, from 1 Peter 1, 19, and 2 Chron. 13, 12* On Wednesday at 10 o'clock, the Revs. Messrs. T- Hughes, Machynlleth, and T. Richards, Fishguardr from Esaiah 43, 21 and 2 Chron. 13, 12. At 2 o'clock the Revs. Messrs. Enoch Lewis, Fishguard, and T- Hughes, Machynlleth, from Ephesians 2, 1 and Deut. 22, 8. EXTRAORDINARY SCENE. On Friday last, a large crowd collected at Pembroke, in the vicinity of 3 house occupied by a lady respectably connected, in cof sequence of hearing that the tax collector would brell into the premises to distrain for arrears and from the well known pugnacious qualities of the lady, a rich treat for the lovers of fun was anticipated. About twoo'cloc^ the official arrived at the scene of action, accompanied by a constable and assistants a herald was immediately sent forward to, request a conference; but after a fe%* ineffectual attempts he retired. Preparations were thefl made to storm, and the assailants moved on in gallant style to the attack. The garrison, consisting of the ol,J ]?i( l 'v ind her gii-1, iiiime O old lady and her girl, immediately took up their postsÍ the former evidently minus various articles of apparc requisite to complete a lady's attire. As the attackill party approached the outworks they were met by sticil a shower of brickbats and other missiles as evidently created some confusion. The portico was, ]¡OWC\.cr, gained without any serious casualty, and there being nothing further to oppose their progress the stormi" g party were soon teen endeavouring to effect a retrelt with their spoil. This, however, was a matter of gre'1 danger as the besieged had during this short pa"? procured a fresh supply of ammunition in the sbap<?? sundry unmentionable articles very useful in d,,rllc5t'c purposes, and took np a position where they cou!? seriously annoy the retreating party. The scene ,a now highly amusing from the ludicrous attempts to gc out. no sooner was a head popped out than down caJl a brick, and but for the protection of the trellis Iv ol.ic serious damage would most certainly have ensued. ? length one of the party got out, when police consta^ Truscott was called forward and ordered to makc attack to c(wer the retreat. A vigorous nrethenco" mcnced.aud was kept up for some time from both s^fC the old lady and her girl being at last obliged to retl°*^ jj and the collector managed to bring off his forces .ith only a slight fracture of the leg of a table by a "? intended fnr the head of the man carrying it- amount distrained for was only 19s. lid., and there s not the slightest excuse made for the no ay ent 1 hu!; )" appears that the lady being separated from her bu*' _?j thought she could not be comp(-Urdto pay'?'? now be thoroughly and very unpleasantly convuuyf httr mistake.