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"CARED DOETH YR ENCILION."…

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"CARED DOETH YR ENCILION." f7WLv Column is reserved for Notes and Queries relating to the Antiquities and Natural History of the Connty. together with the Transactions of the Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society and Field Club. "] EDITED BY M. H. JONHS. No. 3G.—Noveir.ljer 3rd. LLANARTHNEY. fA Paper read at the Church during the Second Field Day, Se.ptember 21,jt., 190;:>.J THE CHURCH itself does not deviate to any material extent from usual type of Carmarthen- shire Churches, nor does it possess any architec- tural features deserving of special mention. Its Communion Chalice is of pure silver, and bears the inscription, Pocvlyn ecclesie de Llan- .arthne 1574. A Perforated and Grooved Stone was found in digging a grave. 8ft. deep, in 1876. Some say the Church is dedicated to St. David, others to St. Arthnev, of whom nothing is known, unless we make him to be same person as Arthen the 4th, 6on of Brychan Brycheiniog. Three Chapels of Ease belong to the mother church, viz., Capel Dewi, Capel Erbach, and Llan- lliian. THE CROSS.—One of the most interesting relics of the county. In itself it is sufficient to compen- sate for all other deficiencies in Church anti- quities. IN 1875. when the Cambrian Archreological As- sociation visited the Church from Carmarthen. they reported as follows in the Arch. Camb. "The party after passing Tygwyn, once the residence of Sir R. Steele, halted for a few minutes at Llan- arthney, where a rubbing was taken of the curious wheel cross standing against the church tower but of its legend, owing to the crumbling condition of the stone, only the words merci and 'elme' could be deciphered." IN 1393, when the C.A.A. visited the place from JJandeilo, we have a much fuller report. The «tone in that year still stood outside the western doorway in the churchyard, broken into two frag- ments, and fully exposed to the weather. At the request of the Association the stone was soon after placed inside the perch, where we see it to-day. DESCRIPTION OF CROSS.— Diameter of head of wheel cross is 3ft. Length of shaft, 3ft. breadth, 2ft. Portion intended to be buried in ground. 1ft. 7in. long, 2ft. lin. wide. Therefore height above ground would be oft. Sin. Average thickness, Sins. Cross on the head is enclosed within a circular fread moulding, and has square stepped hollows between the arms, with portions sunk, so as to give appearance of a broad ring connecting the arms. The four quadrants of the ring are orna- me.nt+xl with incised circles, having a small hole in centre. The Shaft has upon it a similar circu- lar pattern, some rude decoration resembling interlaced work, forming a broad band in the middle, bounded by an incised line. This band does not extend to the bottom. On the remaining portions of the shaft, at each side and below, is the following inscription in minii,-iciiles:- On right side—from top downwards merclea cema On left side Elma(t) (f)ecit cr(u) At bottom, reading horizontally from left to right cem (and 4 more doubtful letters). The first part of the inscription does not seem to be intelligible, but the latter part shows that the cross was made by Elmat. Professor Browne, of Cambridge, made the in- scription read: "Elmat fecit hanc crucem pro An -iiiia sua (Elmat erected this cross for his own soul). WHO WAS ELMAT?—Had he anything to do with I the Abbey in the district? The name Elmat is similar to that of Elnat on the cross at Tintagel, in Cornwall. AN EXPLANATION OF THE DESIGNS ON CROSS.— Miss Armitage says that crosses found in church- yards are often older than the church itself, ami that Crosses of this kind were set up either as Preaching Stations. Land boundaries Way marks, « Places for prayer, Or as Funereal Monuments, as the inscriptions testify. They are most valuable, because they are rare in Europe. They illustrate early Christian Art amongst the Celtic Tribes. Lewis, in his Topo. Diet. of Wales calls it a Saxon Cross, hut Principal J. Rhys, of Oxford, E-tys there is nothing Saxon about it. It rather belongs to the class of Celtic crosses erected be- tween the 8th and 10th centuries. Mr. Romilly Allen, who is one of the best modern authorities on inscribed and ornamented stones, very fully describes the origin and history of the patterns on them in the Arch. Camb. for January, 1899. He says that— The Art of Celtic People in Great Britain may be divided into the following periods: 1. Pagan Celtic Art of Bronze Age, B.C 1000-, 550. 2. Pagan Celtic Art of Early Iron Age, Pre- Rornan, 350-50 B.C.; Romano British, 55 B.C.— 450 A.D. 3. Christian Celtic Art, Post Roman and Pre Korman, 450—1050 A.D. Now the localities in which Stones with Celtic Ornament occur in Carmarthenshire are- Golden Grove—Llech Eiudon, a Cross Shaft standing in the grounds. Llanarthney—Cross of Elmat. tlandeilo-2 Cross heads, preserved inside the Church. Lallgbarne-A complete Cross, standing in the Churchyard (now inside the Church). So our county has 5 stones out of the 67 extant in South Wales. The. Decorative features of these Celtic Monu- ients are classified thus— Interlaced work, seen on the Golden Grove and Llandeilo Stones. Key patterns, seen on the Golden Grove and Llandeilo Stones. Spiral Ornament, not known in our county. Zooraorphic Designs, not known in our county. I Foliage, not known in our county. Figure Subjects, with inscription, as on Llan- arthney Stone. His CONCLUSIONS are that- In Wales, object of erection of early sculptured monuments seems to have been solely for the pur- pose of perpetuating the memory of some deceased person of note, as is conclusively proved by the inscriptions on the crosses Golden Grove—Eiudon. Llanarthney-Elmat. All Christian Monuments of Wales are of the Pre-Norman jeriod. The North Wales stones show indications of both Mercian and Scandinavian influence. The South Wales Stones have much in common with some of the crosses of Devon and Cornwall, And with the Carlovingian MSS. Early Christian Sculpture in Britain had its origin in Northumbria, and spread thence to Scot- land before crossing to Ireland; and efflorescence of Keltic Art is largely due to continued inter- course between Kelts, Anglo Saxons, and Norse- men, which took place after the people became Christians. M. H. JONES, Hon. Sec.

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