The Welshman

nOCSE OF COMMONS.—MONDAY, JULY 2. i ue Speaker took the chair at four o'clock. In answer to a question from Mr. Thornely, Mr. L>aines said, the subject of a superannuation fund for poor-law officers was under the consideration of the Poor-law Board, but he was afraid that he could not bring in a bill on the subject during the present session. lie would not be a party to any measure that would rmiive the pensions payable from the poor rates or the consolidated fund, because he thought that the fund for the pensions should be provided out of the salaries of the poor-law officers. In answer to a question from Mr. Henry Baillie, Lord Palmeraton said there was no foundation for the a'arm which had been excited in the minds of the Bri- tish merchants with respect to the infraction of the treaty of Nankin by the Ch inese government. The govern- ment was opinion that British subjects had bv that treaty a right to enter Cariton but they thought that it would ho '.inadvisable to enforce that right by arms at the pre- sent moment. The Chinese government dil not dis- pute the right of British subjects to enter Canton but they wisned the matter to be postponed for a short time. It was the intention of the government to insist upon their right of carrying on their trade without being re- stricted by any regulations of the guilds or corporations of the Chjnese traders. In answer to a question from Mr. Herries, Lord ralmerston said the American President was not only duly entitled, but bound by the laws of that country, to make such relaxations in their navigation laws in favour of any other country, as that country vv >Uid make in their favour, but not greater relaxations. The orders of the day were then pnstpol:ed, I Mr. B. Disraeli rose to move that the house sholld resolve itself into a committee of the whole hous" to take into consideration the state of the nation The distressed condition of the country had gone on pro- gressively increasing ever since the present government came into office. Ever since they had come into office they had had unlimited power to do as seemed to them best, without any organised opposition to im- pede their legislation. He contrasted the condition of this country when the present Government assumed the reins of power, in 1813, with relation to Europe, to onr colonies, to Ireland, and to our finances, with its present state, when European tranquillity and English influence had disappeared together—when many of our colonies were ruined, others were discontented, and some had been in insurrection—when our exports had declined £ 7,000,000 when our once prosperous agriculture was prostrate-when Ireland was in a state of social decom- position—and when, instead of a surplus revenue of E3,000,000, there had been a deficiency to that amount, terminated not by an act of the Cabinet, but by the interference of that House. Mr. Disraeli then read official details which showed the depression of wages and increase of pauperism among the labouring classes, whose condition, he observed, was a test of the real state of the country; and he insisted that it was the paramount duty of the House not to separate without inquiring into this unprecedented and progressive decay of the country. He appealed to the statement not only as a justification, but as an urgent cause of his motion, and he proceeded to examine the reasons to which he referred the deterioration of the population and the general decay of the country. A principal reason was the decline in the value of our foreign commerce and he showed that, notwithstanding continental convulsions the quantity of goods exported from the United King- dom (denoted by official value) was equal to that of the great years 181-3 and 1846; but the declared value of exports in these two years avaraged in 1848 it was only £ 53,000,000; so that our worldno- classes, for the same quantity of goods, had received £ 6,-500,000 less in 1848 than in 18 lo and 1840. From this and other facts, Mr. Disraeli argued that the prin- ciples of profitable interchange with foreign nations adopted in our new commercial theory were erroneous rendering British labour of less exchangeable value. Other reasons were found in the state of the home market and the fall of prices, which diminished the means of employment; and in the incree^e of immigra- tion from Ireland, the result not of the famine, but of the policy of the Government. In the midst of these evils, what had been the financial proceedings of the present Ministers ? Increased expenditure and increased taxation. ?Ir. Disraeli then reviewed their colonial administration—the darkest page in their history and passed thence to their foreign policy, which, he main- tained, whilst it had diminished the influence of this country, had been one of the principal causes of the continental convulsions and he adduced the cae of "Italy as an example of the principles and the effects of their policy. One predominant cause, however of our calamitics was the legislation which had changed the ptinciples of our society, substituting others which as economical principles were fallacious whilst they destroyed that noble spirit of ambition which was t..e source of a nation's greatness, prosperity, and power. Mr. Home not rising to propose the amendment of v. hicti he had given notice, The Chancellor of the Exchequer rose and eloquently opposed the motion, which held out no specific remedy for the distress so eloquently described by Mr. Disraeli. Mr. n:Jiie supported the motion, believing that there nercr was a period when the state of the country more imperatively required the anxious consideration cf the Legislature. Mr. Roebuck o b serv,( ] Mr. Roebuck observed, that if Mr. Disraeli did not mean by his motion that he was ready to take the Go- vernment into his own hands, he meant nothing. He had corne forward as the head of a great party with some proposals, but what they were he was not able or not willing to tfi; the whole force of his speech liad beer, confined to criticism. Passing an animated panegyric upon the public conduct of Sir Robert Peel for the re- peal of the Corn Laws, and adverting to the circum- stances of his ejectment from office, when the star of Mr. Disraeli rose-lie asked ivliy the House should de- part on this occasion from the ordinary principles of the Constitution, and interrupt the business of the session to consider the state of the nation. T,, atstate fas out- of great hope and confidence. The deficiency if the revenue could be accounted for without accusitv -he principles of free trade. He could assert atitli rl- tatively that the mercantile community was improving, and that if any part of the agricultural communitv suffering, it was the landlords alone. Mr. Roebuck defended the foreign policy of the Government, which lirJed by the prudential legislation of Sir R. Peel, who had made a timely concesssion to the intelligent wishes of the people, had preserved England in the most cri- tical period which the woiid had ever known. Mr. Plumptre, in supporting the motion, contro- verted some of the statements of Sir C. Wood and Mr. Roebuck respecting pauperism amongst the able-bodied in rural districts, which was increasing in Kent, through want of employment and the distress of the farmer, owing to the adoption d free trade principles. On the moth n ?)f 11-. t.? 1-,ba-,e was ad- Several bi!l" "ere dtanc-d?st2.;p,snd the ofber journed. -i ?,la z r, ofti orders ha\ing hem di,posed of, 'he Ho-i?s adjourned ai a quarter to one o'clock. TUESDAY, Ji i-Y 3. The Speaker took the chair at 12 o'clock. p/)r)!-L. n.- (, H E 1. V) I;! r On the order (,f the day being read for the Huuse going into Committee again on this bill, Sir 1-i. W. Bar ron moved the insertion of the following i clause —" And whereas it is found that out-door rel;ef ntnioralisi s the paupers, leads to great frauds, pau- perises the iate pay ers, end destroys all motives for exertion on the part of both landed proprietors and capitalists, he it therrfore enacted that, from the 1st of January, I.SoO, it shall not be lawful for any hoard of guardians in Ireland to grant relief to the able-bodied poor out of ,he "°: kh"use Lord J. Russell opposed the clause. Mr. Dickson characterised the opposition of the G >- j vernmetit as evincing a disposition to throw over the Irish members, which characterised also, he mmbt sav 'hat. House. Hon. Members unacquainted with Ireland did not know ihe class ot men they had to rleal with ili Ireland. They "ire ilJ-t those who so lnng as thpv could get a pull out cf the poor-rates would not labour. Out-door relief was ¿2n:oraIisi!g and impoverishing the country. After some further discussion, Sir II. W. Barron withdrew the clause. Col. Dunne then proposed another clause, which was rejected on a division by a majority of 02. The Bill having proceeded to clause GR, Lord John Russell intimated that he proposed to proceed with the B: ■ 1 n Thursday, at 12. The House then adjoin tied at five o'clock, when if Lord D. ^"unrt rose, in piiIs tl,,t ri t to, to ni,,ke 3 root.on >< a Select Committee to irquire intn the nor of 'he assessment for the maintenance iI 0; the ,trj'l1it;") and i-.to th • pprl)Jit11rp J e r f as well as ioto the gencr..1 administration of j the foice, and especially into the reccc.t aniiuid in- censed charge of upwards of £ 3-3,COO on the county of Middlesex. Sir G. Grey :Jid that he thought th3e vas but one opinion in the ilousc whu rega; d to the metropolitan pi-iif.- force, 3 ,0 its rcal value antI efficiency. With reference to the motion of the Noble Lord, he did not think that he had laid sufficient grounds be fore the House to justify the granting of a Committee. A similar inquiry to this which was sought for had been granted in the year 1834, and the result had been to satisfy the House and the public at large, that the management of the police-force was carricd on in the best possible manner. No difference had taken pIaee ill management of the force since that inquiry, j and he could not see any reason why another inquiry should be granted. "Vith regard to the increase of the expenditure, nnd of the number of the force, he was j willing to afford all the information in his power, and that would be desired by the Noble Lord. The original Act repaired that the expenses of this force should be paid by a county rate of 3d. in the pound and by a subsequent Act Cd. in the pound was fixed, and in ca3es were this was not sufficient, the Treasury was autho- rized tf) supply 2fi. in the pound and £ 60,070 was no-.v paid from the Consolidated Fund. The counties in- cluded in the metropolitan rate were Middlesex, part of Sussex, Surrey, Kent, Essex, and Norfolk. Some of the counties were below the average of the property- tax valuation. Kent was 22 1-13'h below the average, The Right Honourable Baronet then concluded by mo- j ving for a return of the increase of streets and houses in the metropolitan district; and also of the population in the same, with a view to account for the increase of the police expenditure. After a short debate, in which Mr. Brotherton, Mr. Osborne, Sir W. Joliffe, Mr. Ilurne, Sir D. Evans, Sir J. Ilogg, and Mr. Thornelv-rnúst of whom disclaimed all participation in the attack made by the mover upon the character and conduct of the police--took part, the House divided upon the motion, which was negatived by 137 against 2S, and the amendment agreed to. Mr. Feargus O'Connor then moved a resolution em- bod) ing the principles of the People's Charter, diverging into a great variety of collateral topics, and concluding w-ith a vindication of his own public conduct. Colonel Thompson took a diffusive view of the sub- ject; although he supported the motion, he disson-pd from one of the poiiits-the payment of members — which was an excrescence upon the original Charter. Mr. Hume declared he should vote for the motion, though lie thought his own had been preferable, since it combined a greater number of supporters. Mr. M. J. O'Connell cot.Id concur, at present, in two points only—the abolition of property qualification and vote by ballot. Mr. Campbell replied to the princip:l1 arguments of Mr. O'Connor, whose scheme, he contended, would in- troduce a system of Socialism into this country. Mr. S. Crawford supported the resolution, which, in his opinion, embodied the true principles upon which the reform rpquired by the people should be established. Lord J. Russell defended himself, as he had done upon the motion of Mr. Hmme, against certain re- proaches cast upon him as a Reformer, and, with refe- rence to the motion, he demurred to some of the pre- fatory proposition". He did not believe that we should enjoy so much liberty as we now had if universal suf- frage were the rule, or that it would harmonize with the rest of our Constitution on the contrary, he be- lieved that it would extinguish that temperate liberty which we now enjoyed by not pushing rights to the ex- treme. He. therefore, opposed the resolution, as one which, if adopted, would lead to great perils. Mr. O'Connor having replied, upon a division his motion was negatived by 222 against 13. Mr. Bankes then moved the House to go into com- mittee to consider the manufacture and sale of bread, with the view of introducing a bill, stating, as the ground of his motion, that the poorer classes did not enjoy the protection in regard to the purchase of that article to which they were entitled; and he proposed that each loaf should be stamped with the weight. Captain Pechell objected to the motion but Mr. Labouchere, guarding himself against being committed to the principle of Mr. Bankcs's proposition, did not oppose the introduction of his bill. After a short discussion, in which Mr. Packe, Mr. Foley, Mr. Heathcote, Sir D. Evans, and Mr. Mangles participated, the motion was carried by 91 to 31 the House went into committee, and a bill was ordered to be brought in. The House adjourned, after having sat for 11 hours and a half, at half-past 1 o'clock, until 12 o'clock next day. WEDNESDAY, July -3. The Speaker took the chair at 12 o'clock. The Highways (District Surveyors) Bill was read a second time. REAI. AND PERSONAL PROPERTY CONVEYANCE nILL. The house then went iuto committee on this bill. The several clauses, with some amendments, were agreed to. The house resumed, and the report was or- dered to be received to-morrow. MARRIAGES BILL. The house went into committee on this bill. Mr. F. Maule moved that the following clause be inserted in the bill :—And be it enacted, that this act shall not extend to Scotland, nor Shall anything therein contained, alter, or be construed to alter, the law re- lating to marriages in that country." Mr. J. O'Connell moved an amendment to the effect, that Ireland, as well as Scotland, should be exempted from the bill. Mr. F. Maule said he had no objection to adopt the amendment. After some further discussion the committee divided, and the numbers were-for the clause, 66 against it, 119: majority, o3. The clause was consequently lost. The lemaining clauses were then agreed to, and the house resumed. The report was ordered to be brought up on Friday. COPYHOLD ENFRANCHISEMENT BILL. On the motion for the house resolving itself into committee on this bill. Mr. Christopher opposed the bi1l as an encroachment on the rights of private property. He hoped the hnn. member would not procccd with it when there could be I no chance of passing it during the present session lie therefore moved, as an amendment, that the house should go into committee on the bill this day three months. Loid Galway seconded the amendment. After some further discussion, in which several hon. members took part, The gallery was cleared for a division, and the num- ùers wcre-fpr the amcndment, 71 against it, Gl: ma- jority, 11. The bill was consequently lost. Mr. T. Duncombe moved the second reading of the Mines and Collieries Bill, the object of which was to obtain legislative interference for the protection.of the lives of persons working in collieries. Mr. Hume seconded the motion. Tne Ead of Lincoln suggested to Mr. Dur.combe the propriety of withdrawing the bill. After a short discussion, in which Mr. Aglionby, .vir. Bright, and other non. mcmhprs took part. Mr. T. Duncombc- replied, and withdrew the bid. The house thcn adj0urneJ.

THE DUKE OF' BUCKINGHAM AND HIS CREDITORS. In the year 1842, the Duke of Buckingham succeeded to the titles and estates of his father. His income was then nominally £ 61,000 a year; he was the head of the agricultural party in this country he entertained queens and princes in short who but he." In the year LSI!) on Saturday, the 30th of June, he comes down to West- minster Hall, gets into the witness-box in the Court of Queen's Bench, gives evidence in an action brought by his confidential attorney against his own son, and in the course of his examination avows himself a beggar—nay worse than a beggar, viz., a dependent for his daily bread upon the income earned by that very son against whom he appears in the capacity Of a witness. All this hap- pened only last Saturday. The unsoundness of the social system in this country is proved in a singularly effective way by the facts that transpired in the Duke of Buckingham's evidence upon the trial in question. It appears tiiat when he came into possession of the Buckingham and Chandos proper ty, upon the demise of his father, the late dlike, it was bur- dened with debts to the amount of a million one hundred thousand pounds. How much of that immense load of obligations was strictly inherited, and how much incur- red by the present duke in his father's lifetime, has not been st;.ted but, it is supposed that the great bulk of the debt was in the furmer predicament. Nevertheless, instead of facing the difficulty, the Duke of nuckinghm turned his back on ii pleasure had more charms for him than business; consequently while he was fetin I royally, and marshalling patties in the state, his debts increased. Nay, more, it is said that his cupidity for land led him to aggravate the evils of his situation by reckless purchases of estate after estate, far which he wooId have to borrow money at ) per cent, and upwards —'H per cent, being about the maximum return of property of that description. And so his obligations went on, gathering as they went, until, in 1847, the burthen of liabilities, aggregated about a million and a half of money; the interest npon which was fully £ 15,000 per annum over and above the net rental of the estates, which is covercd in the shape of nioi'gagcs. In fr. e short years the Duke ef Bukingham had added j to his original debts and now that noble Lord is living on his son. How are the mighty fallen In the May of 1817, it was found that the Duke of Buckingham could not carry on" any longer and he accordingly assigned his estate to his son, the Marquis of Char.dos, in ti-ust fur his creditors. Upon the merits of the case it is not the province of the public journalist to pronounce, in the abSltlce of facts and it will suf- fice, therefore, to inform the reader th.it the Marquis of Chandos nobly undertook the obligation, and executed his part of the deed of assignment. Lord Broughaiii and the Duke of Richmond were the Duke of Bucking- ham's advisers and the ttling was done in such a hurry that the name of Strutt, a solicitor and momv scrivener, the confidential attorney of the latter, was o;nutcd as a creditor. It wns by him the action was brought in which these facts were elicited; and it was in his interest that the Duke of Buckingham appeared in the witness-box against his own son. With the i"sup the rea?cr little to do the Terdlct?asf?'r the dc- fendant, the Marquis of Chandos The :;oei;;] rottenness of the S\:<j called aristocracy in thi.v.ountry is the sun. ct that is most illustrated by this trial aud exposure. Ht'" is a n,a > in the highest, position attainable by a subiec-t in this coutvrv— a mem- ber of the legislature hi-.iveli for life, his son a member of thlower house of par t- Coll, i I; into the iu- heritance of a debt equal in amount to manv for- tunes and withal declaring upon his solemn oath, that two years afterwards he could not tell within £ 50,000, or even £ 100,000, the aggiegate of his pecu- niary obligations., Yet tliiu proud peer must have been all but a beggar when he emerged io'o the rank he now holJs-inasmuch as his income being £ô] ,000 a year and the interest on his liabilities at the low figure of five per cep t-for some of them he paid fully 50 per cent, being C55,000, it follows that he had per annum to keep up the costh establishment at Stowe, the costly estalishment at Wooton Basset, and tlie rif, less costly establishment at Pall Mall—and alio to sup- port the future dignity of the title he possessed by a due allowance to his eldest son. How many more noble families in thie kingdom are in a similar state may not be predicated; but that the case of the Duke of Buck- ingham can be parielled-not perhaps in amount, but certainly in principle-among the higher branches of the aristocracy, every person conversant with the course of a certaii class of law business in this country is perfectly well aware. Upon the showing of his counsel, the Marquis of Chandos has not alone deprived himself of his right for the benefit of his father's creditors, but he actually sup- ports his father and mother out of his earnings as re- ceiver upon those estates which the extravagance of that father, in conjunction with the profligacy of his predecessors, have alienated from him and his for ever. Nay, more, he performs the dutice of that office for half the sum paid to former receivers. Out of the F,1,500 a year thus derived, however, he allows his mother £ 500 a year and he takes £ 500 more for his own support and that of his young wife and family; the remaining £ 500 he hands over to his father. Yet this father goes deli- berately into a witness-box against him, in favour of a money-lending attorncy-and seeks, by his evidence, to saddle him with an additional debt. The moral of it all is the old saw—" All is not gold that glitters.—Observer.

CITY OF LONDON ELECTION. Monday being the day fixed for the nomination of candidates to represent the City of London in Parlia- ment, in the room of Baron Rothschild, who had ac- cepted the office of Steward of the Children Hundreds, an immense crowd of persons assembled in front of the Guildhall at an early hour. The friend s of the candidates, Baron Rothschild and Lord John Manners, mustered their partizans in great numbers and when the doors were opened, at eleven o'clock, a tremendous rush was made to obtain admis- si on, and a vigorous struggle took place between the friends of the representative candidates to obtain the places nearest to the hustings. At 11 o'clock Lord John Manners arrived in an open carriage, accompanied by lr. Christopher, M.P. I At half-past 11a Special Court of Aldermen was held, for the purpose of admitting Lord John Manm-rs as a Liveryman. Long before the proceedings commenced t'ie bodv of the Hall was crowded with the friends of the candidates. Baron* Rothschild did not arrive until shortly before 12 o'clock, but his friends mustered in great numbers and appeared to be confident of success. At 13 o'clock precisely Saeriffs Finnis and Goodhart, the returning omcers, entered the Hall, and were fol- lowed by the two candidates and their representative friends. Amongst those on the platform were Ir. Christopher, M.P., the Marquis of Granby, Mr. 15. Osborne, M.P., Mr. John Abel Smith, M.P., Mr. Forbes M'Kenzie, M.P., Mr. W. Hawes, M.P., Mr. Moffat, M.P., Alderman Thompson, M.P., Mr. Forster, M.P., Mr. Alderman Salomons, Mr. John Williams, M.P., Mr. Alderman Musgrovo, Mr. Geo. Fred. Young, Mr. Edward Ellice, Jan., M.P., Mr. Thomas Baring, M.P., Mr. Bouvo/ie, M.P., Mr. B. Cochrane, M. P., Mr. W. Williams, late M. P., Mr. Peacock, &e. &c. The proclamation, writ, and other preliminaries hav- in been read and gone through, Sheiiff Finnis requested the meeting to give a fair and impartial hearing to every individual who presented himself lUr. Raikes Currie came forward to propose Lionel Rothschild (greet cheering) as a fit and proper man to represent them in the Commons House of Parliament. In uttering these sentiments he did not propose him alone because he was one of its greatest and most dis- tinguished merchants, but he proposed him on other and higher grounds. That was not a contest of per- sonal ambition or political party. The citizens of Lon- don who had met in that hall on many previous occa- sions to advance civil and religious freedom, met thatday to throw down the gauntlet to the opponents of liberty, and they would never cease until they had accomplished their purpose. No one doubted the victory, and no one dared to doubt it, After the period of the dark ages, when persons were persecuted for their faith, a voice was heard, which said that conscience must be free (cheers). When any great moral truth was once launched on the world, it could never die, it was unex- tinguishable and inexpressible, and must go forth con- quering and to conquer. They were that day asserting that man should not be persecuted on account of his religious opinions. It was true they had not tortured Baron Rothschild or shut up his synagogue but the Lords had shut out the Baron from pursuing that path of honourable ambition which the Baron was so well qualified to attain and was not that persecution ? (Cheers.) He was willing to stake his existence on the result, that if they went oil returning Baron Rothschild the riuestion would be carried. He did not wish to say anytoing against the House of Lords, for they had only exercised their constitutional privilege but the majority of them must be taught that their privilege might bo purchased at too great a price, and could not be exer- cised against the common sense of mankind (cheers), lie despaired of nothing when truth was on their side. One word for their noble opponent. He thought they were deeply indebted to that accomplished nobleman (groans and hissees); for if he had not come forward they would have walked over the course, which was a very slack affair. The noble lord was a member of the Young England, or White Waistcoat party-a party of nine or ten benevolent gentlemen who wished to go back to the practice of a former period hence, the noble lord's political creed was contained in a couplet which he himself had penned. It was- Let laws and learning, wealth and commerce die But leave us stiil our old nobiiity." Mr. John Dillon came forward to second the nomina- tion. The question they had to decide was, not a question with respect to an individual, but it was a broad and general question, that a man's religious opi- nion should not disqualify any man from a seat in the Legislature. That was the question they had to decide and he was sure they knew it so well that hp would not trouble them, or tresspass upon their time by attempt- ing to refute the so-called arguments which were brought forward by their opponents but he might state, in answer to the Bishop of Oxford, who said that he did not find by the New Testament that Jews should he admitted to a seat in a Christian Parliament, that ho (Mr. Dillon) did not find in the New Testament that bishops were to have palaces (cheers). He admired the personal character of their noble opponent, and he also admired his poetry but he would ask them whether or not the passage which had been read did not disqualify him from being the representative of the free electors of London (cheers). Mr. Thos. Baring came forward to nominate Lord .John Manners, bat the Iwise in thp budy of the han was so great that not a single word of his address could be heard. Aid. Sir Peter Laurie seconded the nomination, amidst a scene of indescribable confusion, which made it impos- sible to catch one word of his speech. Ba-on Rothsrhiid came forward and was received with immense cheering, by at least two-thirds of those present. At the last election the electors had had an opportunity of recording their opinions in favour of civil and religious liberty. They were there that day to carry out those principles, and he hoped the electors would assert their privileges and independence by electing him as their representative. (Cheers.) In consequence of the IlOie which prevailed his speech could not be heard. Lord John Manners stood forward and was received with m i i,.L, with mingled cheers and groaning. Mr. Sheriff Finnis entreated the meeting to give a fair hearing to the noble lord, but this only excited the assembly to more boisterous noise, and The Noble Lord adtiiessed the meeting at considerable length, but not a word of what he said could be heard, length, but not a wo, notwithstanding that Baron Rothschild implored them to hear him. A notice was served upon Baron Rothschild against his cligihilitv. -TA:' i tin i t,)o k the s h ow of li,,in, ] w h cli lie Mr. Slici ill' I-'innis took the show of hands, which he declared to be in favour of Baron Rothschild. A poll was then demanded on the part of Lord John Manners, which was fixed for Tuesday. The proceedings then terminated. The polling took place on Tuesday, when Baron Rothschiid took the lead from the first and maintained it to the end of the contest. The numbers at the close of the poll were ]tothseh ilt! G, G l!) Manners 3,101 Majority for Rothschild 3,515

Mines and Collieries.—A bill, prepared by Mr. T. S. Duncombe, Mr. Hume, and Mr. Aglionby, pro- viding for the better ventilation of mines and collieries, &c., is now under the consideration of Parliament. Three Government inspectors are to b? appointed, with regular salaries, for the supervision of mines and col- lieries, and the protection of the lives of the persons employed. The wages of colliers and workmen are to be pal,1 according to the weight of coal raised, and not to be paid at greater intervals than two weeks. Wages are also to be paid by the owners of mines to each work- man severally. No gunpowder is to be used in mines where it is unsafe to work with naked lights, under a penalty of £:20. Conduite sans PA[î\I.LELE.-It <ccems th"t. tlle at- tack upon Rome has been carried on by means of paral- lels We do not know much of the military merits of the question, but we can s ifely assert that., in an honourable point of view, the attack upon Ro'ne has been most un- paiallejed.—Punch. The greatest ro~.f sn Priority is to hear with im- pertinence. Scvp)'? )lir; oiir iie-,L (?tilf-s ,i:i-I avoidably postponed until our next publication. -u. I

Onr invariable zeal to supply our readers with the most accurate and ample retrospect of affairs which occur in the four counties in which our paper more .especially circulates, must be deemed for this week a sufficient excuse for the non-appearance of our usual political comments. Although we regret the cause of the occurrence, the necessary space we have been com- pelled to devote to Quarter Sessional Reports, W2 believe will be a sufficient apology.

CARMARTHENSHIRE QUARTER SESSIONS. I The July Sessions for this County commenced yester- day, at the Shire Hall, Llandilo-fawr, before the fol- lowing Bench of Justices:—D. Pugh, Esq., Chairman, J. E. Saunders, J. Lloyd Price, D Prytherch, W. Mor- ris, R. J. Nevill, J. G. Philipps, John Davies, J. L. Thomas, James Thomas, J. Lewis, W. G. Hughes, H. Lawrence, M. D D. Protheroe, M. D., W. B. Gwyn, G. B. Jones, C. Morgan, jun., Lewis Lewis, Esquires, and the Rev. T. B. Gwyn. The Court proceeded to the despatch of the enstomary County business, the first notice of motion on the Chair- man's paper being that given by Mr. Nevill for a re- duction of the wages paid to second class police con- stables from ISs. to 16s. per week. iNIr. It. J. Nevill iu introducing his motion said that he was quite sure that every person who heard him was aware of the prevalent distress that existed in the coun- try, and the great reduction that had recently taken place in the value of agricultural produce of every description, so that persons in the class of police con- stables could be now maintained at considerably less expense than formerly. These were the chief consi- derations which induced him to bring forward his pro- position, and he also did so because he felt a firm con- viction that there must be a general reduction through- out the kingdom of the wages of agricultural labourers in order to enable the farmers to meet the pressure of the times. He therefore moved that after the expira- tion of the prcseut month the police constables wages be reduced from IS". to 16s. per week. Capt. James Thomas seconded the motion. Mr. J. E. Saunders did not intend to oppose the mo- tion, but thought there ought to be a Committee ap- pointed to cifectredofiorts in the salaries of all the County officials. The turnkeys and other oiffcers were better paid than in other Counties, and tl)is ought not to be the case. Mr. Nevill thought it would be advisable to dispose of his motion first. Mr. Saunders then moved the appointment of a Com- mittee as an amendment on Mr. Nevill's proposition. Mr. Nevill did not apprehend that his friend wished to postpone the consideration of the q-Aestion as to the reduction of the constable's wages, but meant the Com- mittee to co-operate in reducing the salaries of other offiehls as well. To that he (Mr. N.) would give his cordial support. Mr. Saunders considered there was not a more meri- torious set of men in the kingdom than the rural con- stabulary. Mr. Prytherch moved as an amendment that the constables pay remain as at present, or in other words he moved a direct negative to Mr. Nevill's proposition. Capt. J. G. Philipps remarked that the salary of po- lice constables in Glamorganshire was 18s. per week. Dr. Lawrence seconded Mr. Prytherch's amendment. In answer to a question, Capt. Scott said (as wc tin- derstood) that the police constables of Cardiganshire j were better paid than those in this County, the former receiving 18s. per week, 1 d. per mile travelling expen- ses, and being allowed fees for attending the Quarter Sessions and Assizes. Mr. Prytherch laid that it was well known that when the wages were reduced on a former occasion the best men irnmediately left Capt. Scott's force to proceed to other counties. Mr. L. Lewis complained that neither himself, nor any in the district in which he resided, benefitted in any mea- sure from the establishllleJlt of the police force in the County. His district comprised a tract of country 18 miles in length, and not a single policeman was sta- tioned iii it. He considered it hard that himself and neighbours should pay police rates at all when they had not the services of the constables as an equivalent Capt. Scott had moved the man who had been stationed at Gvvinfe to Llangadock, without at all communicating with the magistrates of the district upon the subject. Unless it was to be understood that the force should be general throughout the County, he should support Mr. Nevill's motion. In answer to Mr. Prytherch, Capt. Scott said that 2} per cent. is deducted weekly from each constable's pay for their clothing and contribution towards the super- annuation fund. Mr. Lewis asserted thatby the present distribution of the force the towns only benefitted from the police, who are never to be seen in the la-iczi and highways of rural districts. Mr. Saunders said that Mr. Lewis would see the police actively employed in the rural districts if he went out at night to look for them. Mr. Nevill did not deny that the constabulary had ably, and invariably done their duty, and that the Chief Constable was deserving of the thanks of the County I' for his skill in organizing them, but he felt eonudfnt that very shortly there must be, not only in this County, but over the entire kingdom a great reduction in the price of labour, or the farmers could never keep their ground. It was therefore the duty of the magistrates to show the farmers a good example by adopting that course of retrenchment which must inevitably be followed by all in a very short time. He (Mr. N.) had already set a system of rigid economy in operation, for every one of his farm servants was at present under notice tli-tt a reduction in the of 2s. per weeit is to take place. When the constitui ion of the police force was under discussion some years ago, the wages were then altered from and he was happy to say that the reduction was received with cordiality by the whole force, and especially by the Chief Constable. When the South Wales Railway was about being constructed. it was imagined that labour would become scarce, and I higher wages were accordingly given, but now that there existed a general conviction that wages must be reduced, a corresponding reduction in the salaries paid to police constables must be made. He would undertake to say tint in S months, Capt. Scott's force would be equally as efficient as at present, not- withstanding the lower salary. Mr. Saunders remarked that Mr. Nevill was an economist for the first time. Mr. Nevill rather warmly asserted that this was not the case, as he had in that very Hall been the means of saving the County ESOO, and had on all occasions been zealously economical. Mr. Saunders said that the Hall-keeper at Llanelly was paid a higher salary than other similar officialr in the County. He had objected to this, as well as to the salary of the keeper of Longhor Bridge. Mr. Nevill observed that Mr. Saunders had not ob- jected at the proper time. Mr. Saunders asserted that he had objected, and Mr. Nevill told him at the time that he (Mr. S.) ought to be :he (>.mmitee himself. Mr Nevill said that what he had stated at the time was that if Mr. Saunders objected, he ought to be placed II' on the Committee and share their decisions. Mr. W. Morris remarked that it was apparrnt that the resolution was not exactly perfect, inasmuch as it did not commence with the highest oiffcials who could bear a reduction of their salary better than their in- feriors. He fancied the Court was about to begin at the wrong end A division then took place, when there appeared ;— for the motion, 7 viz. R. J- Nevill, W. D. Gwyn, C. N I. D John Tiiort)as, J. I,. Morgan, junior, D. Prothero, M.D, John Thomas, J. L. Thomas, and Lewis Lewis, Esquires. For the present payment, 10;—W. Morris, H. Lawrence, M.D., J. E. Saunders, W. G. Hughes, G. B Jones, J. Davies, D. Prytherch, J. Lloyd Puce, J. Lewis, and J. G. Philipps, Esquires. Mr Saunders then gave notice that he would, either at tiiis or the next Sessions, move for the appointment of a Committee to review the salaries of the various officers of the County. Cap, Philipps would support such a proposition. Mr. Lewis Lewis suggested tint the police might perform the duties of Inspectors of Weight and Measures. The Clerk of the Peace considered it impossible that they could do so. Mr. Saunders then nominated his Committee consist- ing of -J. LI. Price, g. J. Nevill, D. Prytherch, W. Morris, J.G.Philipps,D.Lewis, John Jones, antI af- terwards the names added were J. E. Saunders, R. G. Thomas, and Lewis Lewis, Esqrs. The next notice on the motion paper being that ap- pertaining to the appointment of Inspector of Weights and Measures for the Upper District of the County, Mr. Lewis Lewis proposed that Mr. Thomas Parry should be permanently appointed inspector of District No. 1. Ile, however, deemed it addsable before assent- ing to tha' motion that the Bench should consider the propriety of transfcri-iit, the power of sucl; Inspecto; s to the nolice. Mr. Saunders was willing to second the latter mv. tion. Capt. Scott observed that Inspectors of Weights and Measures would be compelled by Act of I!t find security, and how the police could accomplish --it desidc¡'at/l1ll, he was at a los- to comprehend. The Clerk of the Peace said the Act of Parliament j certainly demanded security Mr. Nevill said that as a Committee had been ap- pointed to investigate the salaries of the various officials of the County, perhaps it would be the easiest and best course I-o postpone the consideration of the question regarded the appointment of an Inspector until the next Quarter Sessions. Mr. Lewis said that upon that understanding, he would withdraw his motion. Mr. W. G. Hughes then moved that Mr. Richards be continued ad interim Inspector for the St, Clears dis- trict.and Mr. Lewis nominated Mr. Parry to continue lie for the ensuing quarter. Roth motions w.-re agi ced '° The Visiting Justices to the Gaol wore then re-ap- pointed, and their report tiled. A conwisation ensued respecting the dietary of vagrants sentenced to short terms of imprisoouo i.t. It appeared that the Visiting J.i>tices v.e• t» of opinion that the food provided in the gaol was of too good a quality for casual prisoners, and had represented this fact to the Sectetaiy of State for the Home Department. Sir Gtorge Grey, however, did not approve of their sugges- tions upon the point, and had sent down a code of dietary rules for th-t-ir adoption. Mr. Prytherch deemed the suggestions effective to a certain extent, and moved that in future all vagrants committed for periods of less than 5 days, have as their diet: — for breakfast, 1 pint of gruel for dinner, I lb. of bread for supper, 1 pint of gruel. This, he imagined, would decrease the anxiety manifested by vagrants to participate in the luxuries of the County prison. The motion was agreed to without discussion. The Gaol Surveyor's Report, and the Report of the Chief Constable were then read and filed. The balance due on the Quarter to Capt. Scott being stated to be 1:56 7s. 2d., that amount was ordered to be paid. In answer to Mr. Lewis, Capt. Scott explained that the reason he altered the station of the policeman placed at Gwinfe, and fixed nim at Llangadock, was that no lodgings could be found for the man at Gwinfe. He had not communicated his intentions of removing the man to the magistrates of that district, because he did not know who the regularly attending magistrates were. Mr. Lewis rather angrily complained of this apparent disrespect, and also expatiated on the want of police supervision in the district he resided in. He moved that a police constable be removed from Biechfa, and stationed at Gvv infe. Mr. Lloyd Price moved as an amendment that the force bejeft as it at present, is distributed. The Chairman said that the great difference of opinion seemed to on that the Chief Constable lield it impolitic to place a single policeman at a station, while the ma- gistrates held the contrary. Applications had been made to station policemen at Pumpsaint, aud other places, but always ill vain. Mr. W. B. Gwyn said that a police constable was much wanted at Llanstephan. The subject the,a dropped. A County Rate of three farthingsin the pound for ge- neral purposes was ordered, the Clerk of the Peace ex-" plaining that only £ 728 14s. 4d. remained due to the Messrs. Jones, Bankers, on account of Llandilo bridge, which ivi),il(I be defrayed by tha payment at thi t Sessions. The Treasure*; named that the balance of the last account left^ £ 2,863 6s. due from him to the County, lie had sir.ee paid E352 5s. Od., of which E2,50 19s. Od. was interest and instalments to the Exchequer Loan Office. This would leave JE66 Is. Gd. due to him from the County. Mr. Saunders remarked that £ 276 vvas due from the Treasury for Prosecutions, but the Treasurer said that it was impossible to state when that amount would he received. LLANDILO BRIDGE. Mr. Lloyd Hall addressed the Court, and said that in the matter of Llandilo Bridge, he was instructed by Mr. Morgan Morgan to apply to the Court to appoint a Committee or adopt any other mode of arriving at a conclusion that it vvas desirable to alter the agreement entered into between the County and Morgan Morgan in October, 1843, with a view to increase the sum then awarded him being the mere amount out of pocket to which Morgan had been sub- jected. The subject of Llandilo Bridge had been so often broached that it would be superfluous for him t;) give a history of the events attending its erection. He then proceeded in a most elaborate and eloquent speech to detail the events which induced the County to take up the contiact from Morgan, and agree to pay him for the work then concluded. It appeared, he alleged, that Mr. Haycock had valued Morgan's work at £ 6,500, and had also named the value of the com- plete bridge at £7,000 or LIO,000 more'. The com- pletion of the bridge had so that if Mr. Haycock was wrung on the one point, he might have been equally wrong in the apportion- ment he had made of the valll; of tite work exe- cuted by ínrgan. l r. Hall contended that the County magistrates could but be actuated by a de- sire to deal out impartial justice, and that therefore they must naturally be anxious to ascertain the exact amount to which Morgan was entitled. He criticised the mode in which Mr. Haycock had estimated Mor- gan's expenditure, and having briefly alluded again to the variation in Mr. Haycock's estimate passed a high eulogium upon the bridge itself, which he charac- terised as the iiiiest structure of the kind, with the exception of two (Chester and Gloster Bridges) Ln the kingdom. Mr. Hall proceeded to assert that it was evuiont that, a mistake as to the amount to be awarded to Mr. Morgan had occurred, and the Court could therefore rectify the error, having the power leaftilv, if they had the incliiiatioii to do sii. He con- cluded an able speech by applying that a sum not ex- ceeding £13-i0, or any amount the Court may think fit, should be awarded to Morgan Morgan, the late con- tractor for Llandilo Bridge. In answer to a question, Mr. Nevill was informed by the Cierk of the Peace that the amount if the original contract was £.j870. Mr. Nevill then said :-11. appeared by the facts that the applicant, Morgan Morgan, had already been paid E6,500, bein-(, F-630 more than he would be entitled to if he had finished the Bridge according to the terms of his contract. It was also a. fact that no application had been made to the sureties for the amount expended by the County beyond the sum contracted to be ex- pended. Mr. Hall remarked that the contract had been vitiated. Mr. Nevill said that this was the first time he had heard that allegation, and he believed the contract had not been vitiated in the slightest degree. illr. Hall had been instructed to the contrary, and maintained that the contract was at an end long before the arrangement between Morgan and Haycock was effected. The Clerk of the Peace had never heard any objection upon this point beforc. Mr. Nevill believed there had been no deviation from the contract,—that the County was legally wrong, though morally right, in giving L630 more than the amount of his contract to Morgan, and that nothing whatever now remained due. Mr. Ilall produced the affidavit of a person employed by Morgan to survey the Bridge, who swore that there vvas a deviation from the original plan in the centre. Mr. Lascelles followed on the same side as Mr. Hall, and briefly n'gued that the Court had ample power to grant the required sum if it should be so disposed. Mr. Saunders said the Court had no such power, being only trustees of the poor rates, and not at liberty to squander public money. Mr Lascelles remarked that the Court had already to a certain extent exercised its power upon this point, as they had allowed Morgan E630 more than his contract. Mr. Hugh Williams appeared on behalf of the rate- payers of the County, and especially as the advocate of the Guardians of the Carmarthen Union, who had agreed to memorialise the Court upon several subjects, espe- cially on this question. The Union he appeared for represented one-third of the rateable property in the County, and upon reading their petition it. necessarily transpired that sundry other subjects were alluded to, amongst others the extravagant salary of £ 100 per annum paid to the County Treasurer, and various other topics. He contended that Morgan had been from the beginning thoroughly incomeetent to construct such an architectural development as the Bridge in | question. The Court had behaved very liberally on the occasion, having given no less than £ 630 in addition to the amount of the original contract, for an uncompleted i Bridge. Seven yeats afterwards the applicant, tried to compel the present ratepayers to contribute to a retro- spective rate. He submitted the Court had no power to I order a rate for that purpose. It was all very well to state that a large sum was due, but it was by :1(1 means clear that that money was expended in a proper, skilful, and business like manner. Even if the Court consented to appoint a Committee of investigation, he trusted the ratepayers would be allowed to be represented by Coun- sel or attorney. (Mr. Hall assented.) Up, however, insisted that the Conrt had no jurisdiction in the matter, and ought not to entertain t lie application. Mr. Hall replied, and produced the memorial, signed by about 150 ratepayers and guardians of the Llardilo Union, which he presented at a former sessions, and which he demed a sufficient set-off to that presented by Mr. Williams on behalf of the Carmarthen Union. Mr. J. L. Thomas then moved that the snm of fl340 2s. 11-d. be paid to Mr. Morgan Morgan, in liquidation of the debt due from the County to him. 1r. J. Lewis seconded the motion. Mr. J. Lloyd Price moved a direct negative as amendment, which Mr. J. E Saunders seconded. Mr. Nevill doubted the power of the Court to ent< upon the subject after they had made an order at a pre. vious Court, which even Motgan himself had acquiesced in and actcd upon. The Chairman considered there would be no difficulty j in rescinding a former order of the Couit, but felt grave doubt as to the lapse of time and the point respecting a retrospective rate. Had it been two years ago, lie might have had a different opinion, but as 7 years had elapsed, there was considerable question upon the oint. Mr. Hall suggested that the opinion of the Attorney j or General might be taken upon this point, but Mr. Saunders laughed at this idea. On a division, there appeared ;—for the motion, G. 1). Jones, D. Protheroe, M.D., Jas. Thomas, J. Jewis and J L. Thomas, Esquires. Against the proposition; J. E. baunders, J. LI. Price, J. Philipps, W. Morris, C. Morgan, junior, D. Prytherch. J. Davies, W. B. Gwyn, and Lewis Lewis, Esqniies. The motion was therefore lost. The Chaiiman said that as the question of the power of the Cnii, t to niake a rate in oi-tler to pav off retro- spective sums had been questioned, he would for general satisfaction read the clause in Burns' Justice of the Peace, applicaule to the subject. It vas a,, f,,Ilows "The Justices have no right except by following the j provisions of particular Acts of Parliament to anticipate the County Rates, and so as to make the expense to the public County Wotks ultimately fail on different per- sons from those who are by law liable at the time it is ncu rred. An orde.1 of sessions therefore, for levying iand paying to the treasurer of the County a sum to enable him to reimburse certain persons fur an antece- dent debt, although such debt had been incurred for I county purposes, i's bad, and Justices have no right to aoticip.itse the Ct unty T' >. 1: Mr. J. 1,. Thou. enqu'rcu by whese authority Mr. Haycock !un¡ ,i'1Ù becn carved on L!anJI?.'L.'d;:c:? Lt architect ? No answer was given to the query, and a r!re!.y Îrn:ld int. was giver, that the nam.' would be removed ci et ari)iis. Mr. Pension's Report as to the condition of the County Bridges was read and adopted the works to be executed under the supervision of the magistrates, in the vicinity of the various Bridges. The question as to the propriety of removing the site of Llanfihangel-ar-arth Bridge, was postponed lo the next adjourned Sessions. It vviis ordered that the Assessed Taxes and Poor Rates for the County Offices at Carmarthen be paid annually by the Clerk of the Peace, and the amount included in his bills against the County- The Bridge Surveyor was authorised in future to or- der the repair of any County Bridge not expeiiding on each niore than C2. The various works enumerated in the Bridge Sur- veyor's Report were ordered to be performed under the usual superintendence, and after the several bills due from the County had been passed, the Court adjourned until ten o'clock this morning.

WELSH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION LLAN- DOVERY. i ue pupils of this institution were examined in the several branches taught during the last Session before the following examiners — The Rev. Richard Michell, vice principal of Mag- dalene Hall, Bampton lecturcr for this year, and public orator of the University of Oxford. .,z f i)r d The Rev. W m. Gilson Humphrey, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of London, and Hulsean preacher during the present year. The Very Rev. the Dean of St. David's, Principal of St. David's College, Lampeter, &c., &?,. The Rev. E. Harold Browne, Vice Principal, and Professor North, of the same college, and other gen- tlemen, among whom the services of Dr. Davies, of Froodvule, deserve the thanks of the masters and trustees. The examination commenced on Friday, the 29th ult., and was conducted both by written exercises and viva voce." It occupied with one short interval the six hours between ten and four o'clock, and enabled the examiners thoroughly to test individually the scholar- ship and intellectual progress of the great body of the pupils. The examination spread over portions of the Greek and Roman classics, including portions of the Greek Testament, Homer, Sophocles, aud Xenophon, Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Cicero, and embraced a course of Scripture knowledge, and prepared portions of Greek and Roman History, together with a complete course of the first part of Logic. It was not deemed fair to submit the pupils of Mr. Thomas, the mathematical and arithmetical master to a public examination before a ionger period of time might enable him thoroughly to bring into action his Cambridge system of tuition. The Rev. Mr. Mitchell and the Rev. Mr. Humphrey took a very active part in the viva voce examination, and strictly tested the powers of the pupils. When the warden, at four o'clock, bad announced the termination of the examination for that day, and had expressed his hope that the great object of the In- stitution, which was to give a thorough intellectual education to the youth of the principality, so as to enable them, while preserving their own peculiar ad- vantages, to enter on the intellectual contest on the great stage of the world, fully armed and equipped to meet all opponents, had been, to a certain extent, realized. Mr. Mitchell said he had derived great satisfaction from all that he had that day heard and witnessed, and he had no he* itation in congratulating the Principality upon the establishment of this Institution. Mr. Humphrey then rose, and said that he heartily concurred with Mr. Mitchell, both in the expression of his present opinions and future expectations, and that he was confident that the system of Education which the Archdeacon seemed to pursue could not fail to meet with eventual success, nor to make sound and elegant scho lars. 0:1 Saturday, the 30th, the examination was resumed lit nine o'clock in the uiwrning, when fresh papers were given o,it, and the pupils were again partly submitted to a viva voca" examination. When this had terminated the warden proceeded to pronounce the names of the successful competitors for the extraordinary prizes, which had been proposed during the course of the ses- sion. He said :—" David Jones, Esq., of Pantglas, liberally placed at lilY diposal three guineas to be awarded to the best composer of an English essay—the subject given out was" The faculty of memory as the intellectual power being most capable of being improved by practice so as to become the best instrument for the acquisition and detention of knowledge." Several es- says were given in, written with great care and no small success, but two were eminently distinguished for their relative superiority. The prize was consequently divided, and a book worth a guinea and a half assigned to each of the two suc- cessful competitors—these were, Mr. Watkins. of Bre- con, the second pnpil in the Institution, and Mr. John Jones, of Llandovery, a very meritorious student in the second class. Lady Hall also had liberally given s'x guineas, two of which were assigned to Mr. Thomas Rowlands one for the best translation into Welsh of Csesar's account of his two expeditions into Great Bri- tain, and the other for a comparative view of the various clauses in which alone rational language can be etnbo died as far as the Latin, Greek, and Welsh languages are concerned. This work, when revised, will be pub- lished for the use of the pupils. The prize for the best English Poem was assigned to Mr. Watkins, of the first class the subject was Ys- trad Towy." It is a very spirited composition and ar- gues well for the future excellence of the works of our you tb ful versifiers. Two other poems, one by Mr. John Jones, before mentioned, and the other by Mr. Bassett Lewis, of the first class, were so good as to merit a prize which the composers will severally receive. The prize for the best Latin poem was assigned to Mr. Watkins, who has thus distinguished himself in English prose, and in Latin and English verse. Mr. Watkins was not present, being under examination for a scholarship at St. John's College, Cambridge. The prize for the best Latin prose was assigned to Mr. William Hughes, of the first cia,s, and consists of the translation of the interesting petition of the Welsh chiefs to Henry the Eighth, in which they expressed their wishes to become a component part of the English kingdom as well as subjects of the English crown the translation by Mr. Hughes is both faithful and elegant. After this the successful competitors were called up and received their prize compositions with the exception of Mr. Watkins, for whom Mr. Hughes and Mr. Herbert acted as proxies. Specimens of elocution in Greek, Latin, English, and Welsh, were given by several of the pupils, who clearly proved that there was no necessary connection between a knowledge of the \t elsh language and the prevalence of a Welsh acccnt. The proceedings terminated with the following ad. dres from the warden to his ptipil., "Yotij,- entletiien, I flare to congratulate you in the first place on the favourable impression which you made yesterday upon the minds of the distinguished scholars, who iveco to examine you so strictly and mi- nutely. When I told you two or three days ago that you oughtto regardapublic examination as aspecia! privilege, and as an opportunity of improving your minds, I thought that I discovered a smile on the countenance of some of you, nevertheless it is assuredly a privilege which enables the willing student to discover his deficiencies and ascertain his powers. Th'" leading authorities both in Church and State are daily becoming more convinced of this ti-utli, -,ir,,l are multiplying the checks which may serve to prevent public offices from being filled by occu- pants totally or partially unfitted for the discharge oN their respective duties. I believe that in a short time 1 you will not bo able to enter upon any profession with- out having to pay an intellectual toll at these intci- lectual turnpikes. The two great Universities of 0: ford and Cambridge, who have been for the last forty I years improving their system of tuition, have lately adopted great and practical improvements, and hy multi. plying their examinations at fixed periods, have been anxious to prevent idle and dissipated students from I mis-spending their own precious time, and lavishing the! means of their friends in apparent studies, either in lounging idieness or more demoralising pursuits. With many of you, indeed with the great majority of the two upper classes, I have every reason to be satisfied, I have found you willing students, eager to learn and anxious to obey. You have not oniy "listened but profited by my instructions. You know not only the nature of the gronnd which you have to cultivate, but also have a practical acquaintance with the most efficient means of j cultivation, and are in possession of the most improved instruments of carrying the system into execution, and dccuring at the proper time a rich return fur your vvell- bestovved labour. In plain language you know the sub- jects which YOII have to learn, and the best method for •enabling y(ni to learn. You must be, at least many of y'-u.mu'.tb? conscious that the means by which you n:y become accurate and elegant scholars, are within votjr reach, and you cannot fail, except through the want of that industrious diligence, that persevering applica- tion without which there can be no continuous progress, no crowning result. I was more pleased with one ob. servation of the Public Examiners, than with the appro- bation of your scholarship, or the extent of your ability, they both concurred in the declaration not only tnat many of vou were good-iooking, but that you also tookpd good, for after long experience, I can declare that one of the most important elements in the character of a sue- cessful student, is moral goodness. If you persist 111 trendin" the path which I have pointed to you, and earcfllliy observing the rules which I have laid down for your intellectual guidance, you will b? certain to succeed j in your efforts, and to become the soun.e of pride to your friends, of usefulness to your country, and of duty to your God. Such a result will not only be your own ex- cee,diiig gre,,it but also serve to throw a reflected credit upon the foundcrs and masters o 1 tnis institution, j (and here I must beg to acknowledge the services ren- I dered me by my assistant, Mr. Cheese, whose great (11.(,re, l me b), 111 3, ass i ,ta,.i& r. faithfulness and untiring perseverance hive been of the I greatest benefit.) But mark my words, should you, after such advantages as you possess, fail to fulfil the expecta- tions which I justly entertain, respecting the future pro- gress of many among you, remember that it is not on me the disgrace will fall, it will surely recoil upon your own heads. I have other pupils whose splendid career I can point out as living proofs of the success of what you know I may truly call my own peculiar system of education. At the parting dinner given to mp in Edin- burgh by my former pupils of the academy, I had the bole Ines, to say that I left Scotland in their hands that they, as I firmiy believed, were destined to be the practical rulers of the land. To a limited extent they are already so, ,ii(I I cannot help enumerating to you a few of those distinctions which my firmer pupils have received during the course of the present session., and 1 mention I the names and their distir ctions move with a vie"* W rouse and stie.;ii!.ue you, lh«n to commemorate n»v own l;i:J:i), :('; ;J;: I.' t.u lr; :t! :3 ;;? J;;J):; d':{:; I I fail with C;,iili-,I.??an pt" tsal)-,c- .4"c"esg whieli I gained in guiding Scottish puoils. fir3t oi J?hn '1'i Uor?:'?, Esq., nho wag a second PUP in en" of my classes, and "low Sheriff of Edinburgh, waS elected Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen.. David Anderson, who had been a third pupil in one of my classes, was not long ago selected bv Veneral)18 Primate, as he Colonial Bishop of jfriuce RupeIt S Island. Hugh Blackburn, who after five } ears' continuance at the Academy, left it when he was the second pupil of his class, was elected to fill the Mathematical Chair at the University of Glasgow. At the same University. Lewis Campbell, (of pure blood, as his mother is a dlil" tinguished Welsh lady), and wh o was my last dux at the ¡ Edinburgh Academy, received on the 1st of last May*, the most distinguished honours which the Latin, Greek» and Lo¡c Professors could bestow upon a :rong tuden who said that his career under them had, if Tn-aUed, never been surpassed. Immediately after this he pre? I sented himself for examination for ¿ scholarship at Tri- nity College, Oxford, where he had to compete with the- elite of the pupils of the great public schools of Eng- land. There were two vacancies which were supplied I by the election of Mr. Campbell and a Rugby pupil, and some of my friends say I mav safely claim the iatteras. t my intellectual grandson, seeing tha. Dr. Tait is a so» of tha Eumburgh Academy. At Cambridge, Charles, j Taylor, a second pupil in one of my cias^es, and who had previously won a scholarship for himself at Trinity College, was placcd fifth on the classical tripos" after t gaining an honourable place on the Mathematical list. j Henry Mackenzie, a third pupil gained a scholarshi# p1 at the same Trinity College, and received a twenty • ) guinea cup for the best English declamation. In three other colleges at Cambridge, James Gammcll. Andrew Turner, and Peter Tait, all distinguished pupil9, of the academy gained severally scholarships, and other marked distinctions. I cannot promise you the same' immediate success, though I entertain strong hopes reo specting some who will be leaving me, yet I venture to say that the time will come when I shall feel myself justified in saying to you Go ye and do likewise." I now take leave of you with the hope of meeting you again after the holidays, in the early part of August, ready to renew your studies with recruited strength and- fresh spirits. The Archdeacon then called upon the Reverend Mr. 5 Hughes and Mr. Rees, being the only trustees present,, [ to state their impression of the result of the examina- tion, and to inform the meeting of what the University examiners had expressed on the previous day, upoll which Mr. Hughes said that though very unexpectedly called upon to speak on the occasion, yet he felt the z highest satisfaction in bearing his testimony to the remarkable success which had attended the labours of the Archdeacon and his able assistants. The opinion expressed by the examiners in public, and more espe- cially in private, was most gratifying, and encouraged- the hope that some of the pupils now present would reflect as great credit on the Venerable Warden as many of his former scholars had and were continually doing- (Cheers.) As it was understood that the second day's examina- tion was opcn to the public, the mayor of the town, several clergymen, and a large assemblage of ladies and gentlemen were present and appeared to take a most lively interest in the proceedings. The number of pupils during the last session exceeded eighty. At the close ol the proceedings several rounds of hearty cheer- ing were given to the Venerable Archdeacon, Mr. Cheese, &c., &c., when the meeting separated. The Venerable Founder of the Institution continues- his munificence by enriching the library with repeated- presents of most useful and valuable works, his dona- tions already exceed three thousand volumes. It is expected that the foundation stone of the new premises will be laid with due honours early next month. The free scholarships according to a plan agreed upon by the warden and the trustees, were so spread as to give the pupils of each class a chance of being elected. The choice was determined by a comparison of the result of the written examinations, and the viva vocc" answers. According to the decision thus obtained the following pupils were placed on the free list FIltST CLASS. Thomas Hughes, Carmarthenshire. David Jones, Cardiganshire. SECOND CLASS. ihomas Rowlands, Merionethshire. j Morgan Morgans, Carmarthenshire. THIItD CLASS. Thomas Jenkins, Glamorganshire. illiam Mortimer, Pembrokeshire. Twenty scholarship prizes given by the founder Thomas Phillips, Esq. were assigned on this principle to the pupils of the different classes that no one elected a free scholar on the present occasion should also re- ceive another scholarship prize. FIRST CLASS. 1st prize, Wm. Hughes, Cardiganshire. 2nd Thomas Mortimer, Pembrokeshire. 3.1 Owen Jones, Brecknockshire. 4th" J ohn Morgan, Carmarthenshire. 5th David Herbert, Cardiganshire. SECOND CLASS. 1st prize, Edward Jones, Radnorshire. 2nd Edward Williams, Montgomeryshire. 3rd Lewis Wiiliams, Cardiganshire, .1th John Jones, Car marthenshire. 5th Charles Bishop, Carmarthenshire. 6th" Henry Evans, Cardiganshire. ith John Griffiths, Carmarthenshire. TIIIUD CLASS. 1st prize, —— Vaughan, Radnorshire. 2nd Watkin Watkins, Carmarthenshire. 3rd T. Bowen, Carmarthenshire. 4th John Evan Davies, Cardiganshire. 5th V,- illiam Havard, Carmarthenshire. 6th David Williams, Carmarthenshire. FOUllTU CI,ASS. 1st prize Caleb Lloyd, Radnorshire. 2nd Simond Davies, Pembrokeshire. CARMARTHEN POLICE.—On Friday last, before John- Lewis, Esq., Mayor, W. Morris, E. 11. Stacey, and J. G. Philipps, Esqrs.—John Evans, (alias Ball Court), was charged with having been drunk and disorderly io the Talbot Inn, by the landlord, Mr. Giles Rickard Jose, who deposed that on Thursday morning, defendant was in his house drunk and quarrelsome. He ordered him to be quiet or quit the house, and on his threatening to get the assistance of a policeman to eject him, he pulled off his coat to light. P.C. oozley having corroborated this, defendant was fined 5s. and is. GJ. costs. Mrs- Ann Ori/Jitiis, of Catherine Street, was ordered to remove a nuisance existing upon her premises within 24 hours. James Phillips was charged with having assaulted William Morris. Complainant stated that he was a groom, and about 8 o'clock the preceding Saturday evening, he went to Mr. Olive's field and talked with him about a rick of hay. After Mr. Olive turned his back, defendant said What do you know about a rick of hay, you blackguard Complainant tolØo him not to call him a blackguard again, and a quarrel ensued, when defendant knocked complainant down. A witness was called to substantiate this statement, but the magis- trates dismissed the complaint with costs. On Saturday, before E. II, Stacey, and W. G. Thomas, Esqrs., John Reeve, of Pcndine, and David Morgan, of Laugharne, were charged by Mr. Coilard, Market Inspector, with exposing unw holesome rish for slt: in the Market. Each were convicted in the penally of 2s. 61. and 4s. costs, but in these days of epidemic we opine, another convic- tion before the magistrates will ensure a committal of the offenders to the House of Correction forthwith. CARUAUTHESSUIRE COUNTY ROADS BotRD.-Al meeting of this Board was held at the Cawdor Anni Inr, Llandilo, on Monday last. Present-Júhn Bowen. William Campbeli Davys, John Davies, Frederick Lewis, Charles Bishop, and David Pugh, Esquires. John Bowen, E*q., in i'ne chair. Sundry bills were ordered to be p-iit.t. IL i-,aq ordered, that a meeting of this Board be it tho Shire-Hall, in Carmarthen, Oil W ediiesday the 24th day of October next, at Elevefi o'clock m the Forenoon, for the purpose of Letting by Auction the Tolls of the several Gates snd Ears within t! this County, for the Yonr 18;)0, in three Lots, comprising the Gates and Bars in each District, subject to sucfr Conditions as the Board may then determine and the Clerk is directed to give the requisite Notices, and to publish advertisements." It appeared by the report of the Surveyor, that Rses Williams, of Prcnteg, in t¡¡tO [iari,]-. of Llandinga', had inclosed by a hedge a spot of Ground, the property of the Board, and the Clerk was instructed to write to the Landlord on the subject. Certain panics having evaded the payment of Toll at Cumfelin Bar, the Surveyor was ordered to take pro- cecdings against any person 80 offending. A Toll" house was ordered to he built at Cwmfeliu Bar, under the direction of the Three Commons District Road* Board forthwith. Resolved, "That the Three Corn- rnotts District Roads Board be requested to rcpart to this Board at the next Meeting, Oil the nature of the 'enure of the site of Llandafan toll-house, such house having been erected under its superintendence, and the owner of the iand adjoining having required rent for the ?i g re q ?iire d relit fol l ?ie same. O: dered, that a protecting embankment be eres- ted along the lower side of the Sugar Loaf Road, under the superintendence of the Llandovery District Roads Board, at a cost not exceeding £ 7 10s." The propriety of requiring the several officers appointed by the Board, to give secur ity for the due discharge of their respective office, is directed to be eousmered at the next meeting- The clerk having ropoited that the ends of thl" substituted road at Oowin 3o: i a are fenced ofT an"- that the South Wales Miiiway Co have paid to the credit of this Boar d 'tti; sum of L'15 to same, the surveyor is oi dered to ta.9 such road 1:1 to his care forthwith. The sub?c? of cleansing the bed of the Dav-un Brook, ;s dirccfc? to L" considered at the next Meeting. Resolved, "That the surveyor do re- port to the next meeting of the Llanuovcrv Djstrir Roads Board, that the wiring ne3r Carregsawdde oat of repair, and that he then submit an estimate ,J the expense of extending the weir, and that 'he %veir bf extended under the direction of the Llandovery D_I: trim Roads B jard, at an expense not exceeding £ 23* Notice (in writing) was given by John Lloyd Davll"" that he will at. the next meeting of the Board, apply for a sum not exceeding One Hundred for diverting the from the Eagle's Inn, in the 1" lage of LlanShangel-ar-artii, leading from the site of tb late Bridge to the site of the new Bridge, the conscn t of the proprietors of the land being g iven. It arpa' ing to this Board, that certain contractors for tnatern"1'' in the Llandovery District for the year 1848, have no been paid the balances due upon their accounts respfC tively, and that the orders made for their payment by t he Llandovery District Roads Board, have been fraud" lently withheld from them by the iate Clerk,—Resolv<" d that the Treasurer do pay such contractors the 8UØ due to them upon vouchers, to be signed by the (hlll1- man of this meeting.