The Welshman

-V THE LIFE OF OYSTKRS. Oysters lead, on the whole, as is known, a tolerably quiet life but even they cannot get through this world it appears without their troubles. Now they are attacked by a kiud of star-fish that lies watching till they open their shell to take in fresh water, and then darts in its long tough arms, kills them, and consumes them in a fresher state than they have ever yet been enjoyed by any epicure; now their sorrows proceed from within, in the shape of a small worm that destroys them and sometimes, according to the testimony of the people of Sylt, they were attacked successfully by a bird called thence an oyster-fisher, who disturbs their tranquillity whenever he can find an opportunity of introducing his long sharp beak. When this may be, however, does not seem very clear. There are also various diseases by which they are occasionally attacked; but those who are so fortunate as to escape these dangers, pass their time comfortably enough, for thirty or forty, or even up to a hundred years, unless fate has allotted them the more honourable destiny of being dredged up, packed into barrels, and sent off to Copenhagen, Berlin, Ham- burg, or St. Petersburg, where their merits arc duly appreciated.—People's Journal. BARBARITY OF PUBLIC OPINION* IX THE LAST CENTUltY. We hardly need say that, for the last many years before the repeal of this detestable Law, it had not been executed up to all the utmost details of its rigour. But no thanks for this to the Law. It was only that public opinion would not allow the Law to fulfil its course, but raised up across its path a power which will ever be found stronger than the Law, when the Law either conflicts with or transgresses it,—a general sense of moral fitness. Though, by the way, public opinion itself had been dull in its schooling for, be it remembered, that as late as the year 174-5, when many a gallant Jacobite gentleman Was brought to the scaffold and quartering block for a political offence in which a large portion of the nation had actively or silently borne its share, the whole butch- ery was perpetrated in all its most merciless vigour. And so little was there of public disapprobation awak- ened by its atrocity, that, on the occasion of the hanging and quartering of one of the victims, a gentleman re- presenting the eldest branch of one of the most distin- guished families among the gentry of the North of Eng- land, whose family name will ever remain eminently connected with the history of the high arts in their ad- vancement in this country-a wager was offered by a young peer of Parliament that a man might be found to en t the heart! that had scarcely yet ceased to throb! The wager was accepted, and a notorious ruffian, Buck- horse, who had more than once himself narrowly escaped the gallows, undertook for a small bribe to win it for the peer And this cannibal act, lurdly paralleled, in any known instance, in the wildest state of savage life, was perpetrated in England, almost within the memory of some with whom we have ourselves in our youth con- vened !,Lord Nay en t in the People's Journal. THE TOMB OF LAZARUS. Before descending the hill, however, we alighted from our horses to visit an old tomb which is called the tomb of Lazarus. No enlightened traveller believes this to be really the place where Lazarus was buried but to see any ancient tomb on that spot was an opportunity not to be missed; and we gladly went down the dark rock- hewn steps to the little chamber where some corpse had once been laid. I have often wished that the old pain- ters had enjoyed such opportunities and then we should have had representations of Lazarus coming forth from chambers in the rock, and not rising from such a grave as is dug in European churchyards. The limestone rocks of Judea are full of holes and caverns; and we know from the Scriptures how abundantly these were used by the old inhabitants as dwellings for themselves and their cattle, as a shelter to the wayfarer, a refug-e to the fugitive, a hiding-place for robbers, and a place of deposit for the dead. Where a cavern was found with holes or recesses in its sides, a little labour would make it an extensive place of burial. By squaring the entrance, and giving some regularity to the arch of the roof, a handsome vestibule was obtained and then the recesses were hewn into form for the reception of bodies. Some- times these recesses had pits; sometimes niches in their walls, so that each recess would contain several bodies and sometimes they were small, so as to contain only one each. Sometimes the vestibule opened out into passages, which had recesses on each hand so that a large company of the dead might lie hidden in the heart of the mountain. The whole was secured from wild beasts and other intrusion by a stone door fitted to the entrance, or a large block rolled up against it. Those who have seen these Eastern tombs can never again be puzzled, as I was in my childhood, when reading of the chambers of the grave and of the dead calling to one another in the house of death, and of the stone being rolled away from the mouth of the sepulchre. Many a child wonders, as I did, how the way was made clear fur Lazarus to come forth merely by the removal of a I stood looking in at the doc -f stone: but, once having stood looking in at the door ot a sepulchre, how vivicl becomes the picture 01 Jesus standing there, and calling to Lazarus with a loud voice," to come forth How one hears that voice ech )ing through the chambers of the tomb, and sees the dead man in his cerements appearing from the steps of the vault, or the shadow of the recess -Iliss Martineuu in the Pe<^>!e's Journal. A-; OLD ACQUAINTANCE.—Archdeacon Fisher was not without a litt:e vanity in respert to his sermons, and once receive d a quiet hint from Constable on th' subject. Having preached an old sermon once, which h' was not aware that Constable had heard before, he ask ■ him llOW he liked it. "Very much indeed, Fisher," re- {j;ufl Ccnstable, I always did like that sermon." LONG-LIVEL) APOPLEXY. A French physician, named Bernard, once found an old abbe playing at piquet with one of his patients. He had no sooner seen him than he exclaimed, \Vhat do you do here ? Go home, tret bled immediately, you have not a minute to lose." The abbe, in great alarm, re- mained motionless. He was conveyed I- home; M. Ber- nard bL d him three or four times, drenched him with drugs, yet found him not a bit the better. On the third day, the sick man's brother was sent for from the coun- try: he arrived in haste, and was informed that the abbe wasdyir.g. Of what disease?" he inquired. M. Ber- nard assured him that, without being at all aware of it, his brother had been seized with a violent tit of apoplexy that he had fortunately discovered it, by seeing his mouth drawn awry and had treated him accordingly. Whv sir," replied the brother, his mouth has been awry these six years. "-Boileau's Dictionary. I DIAMONDS. The finest collection of gems in the world is in the possession of the Sliah of Persia, obtained by the plunder of Delhi about two centuries ago. Car- dinal Mazarin, in the reign of Louis XIY. was the first who wore a brilliant. This truly scientific arrangement is therefore but of modern invention. Extraordinary value attaches to some diamonds. The largest diamond in the world is in the possession of the Great Mogul, in form and size equal to half a hen's egg, weighing about 700 carats supposing it to be worked and fine, giving ES as the value of a single carat stone, and applying the rule of geometrical progression, the result is enormous. The next in size is the Brazillian diamond, in the pos- session of the King of Portugal, weighing :2.30 carats. The third is an oriental diamond, bought by Catherine, Empress of Russia, for £ 90,000, and an annuity of £ 4,000. The fourth is the Pitt or Regent diamond, bought by the Duke of Orleans for EIOO,000, now in the crown of France. To those of merely material concep- tions such values may be indications of folly; but to those who regard gems as symbols of ideas, as without doubt they have been, and even now are held, money seems but a poor parallel. The supplies of Europe are chiefly drawn from Brazil. The famed mines of Gol- eonda" are no longer worked, and but a limited quantity, in value about 1;100,000 per year, is still sent from Alla- habad in Hindoost in. The great influx of diamonds which followed their discovery in South America alarmed the holders about the year 173-5, lest diamonds should become as plentiful as pebble-stones. They fell greatly in value, but have since regained their wrrrth, and have for years maintained a value rather increasing than diminishing with the growing wealth of the world.— History of Jewellery, by J. Jones. I THE FIRST FORGED BANK NOTE. The day on which a forged note was first presented at the Bank of England forms a memorable era in its his- tory. For sixty-four years the establishment had circu- lated its paper with freedom and during this period no attempt had been made to imitate it. He who takes the initiative in a new line of wrong doing has more than the simple act to answer for and to Richard William Vaughan, a Stafford linen-draper, belongs the melancholy celebrity of having led the van in this new phase of crime, in the year 175S. The records of his life do not show want, beggary, or starvation urging him, but a simple desire to seem greater than he was. By one of the ar- tists employed, and there were several engaged on differ- ent parts of the notes, the discovery was made. The criminal had tilled up to the number of twenty; and de- posited them in the hands of a young lady to whom he was attached, as a proof of his wealth. There is no cal- culating how much longer Bank notes might have been free from imitation, had this man not shown with what ease they might be counterfeited. From this period forged notes became common. The -faculty of imitation is so great, that when the expectation of profit is added, there is little hope of restraining the destitute or the bad man from a career which adds the charm of novelty to the chance of gain. The publicity given to the fraud, the notoriety of the proceedings, and the execution of the former, tended to excite that morbid sympathy, which, up to the present day, is evinced for any extraordinary cri- minal. It is, therefore, possible, that if Vaughan had not been induced b\ circumstances to startle London with his novel crime, the idea of forging Bank notes might have been long delayed, and that some of the strange facts to be related would never have occurred.— History of the Bank. I CURIOUS FRAUD ON THE BANK. The odium thrown upon the Bank for the many deaths which have taken place for forgery must necessarily find some palliation in the subtlety of those who 2ntered into the dangerous traffic. It was in truth a trade. The notes were frequently sold at so much in the pound, and, as in the instance about to be related, they were often sent into the foreign market. In 1808, Vincent Alessi, a native of one of the Italian states, went to Birmingham, to choose some manufactures likely to return a sufficient profit in Spain. Amongst others he sought a brass- founder, who showed him that which he required, and then drew his attention to another article," which he said he could sell cheaper than any other person in the trade. Mr. Alessi declined purchasing this, as it proved to be a forged Bank note; upon which he was shown some dollars, as fitter for the Spanish market. These also were declined,* although it is not much to the credit of this Italian, that he did not at once denounce the dis- honesty of the Birmingham brass-founder. It would seem, however, from what followed, that Mr. Alessi was not quite unprepared, as, in the evening, he was called on by one John Nicholls and after some conversation he agreed to take a certain quantity of notes, of different value, which were to be paid for at the rate of six shil- lings ir the pound. I Alessi thought this a very profitable business while it lasted, as he could always procure as many as he liked by writing for so many dozen candlesticks, calling them Nos. 5, 2, or 1, according to the amount of the note rc- quired. The vigilance of the English police, however, was too much even for the subtlety of an Italian he was taken by them, and allowed to turn king's evidence, it ùc'ng thought very desirable to discover the manufactory v,ic?fe the notes emanated. In December John Nicholls received a letter from Alessi, stating that he was going to America, that he wanted to see Nicholls in London, that he required twenty dozen candlesticks, No. -3; twenty-four dozen, No. 1 and four dozen No. 2. Mr. Nicholls, unsus- picious of his correspondent's captivity, and conse- quently frailty, came forthwith to town, to fulfil so im- portant an order. Here ail interview was planned, within hearing of the police officers. Nicholls came with the forged notes. Alessi counted up the whole sum he was to pay, at six shillings in the pound, saying, Well, Mr. Nicholls, you will take all my money from me." Never mind, s ir," was the reply, it will be all returned in the way of business." Alessi then remarked that it was cold, and put on his hat. This was the sig- nal for the officers. To the dealer's surprise and indig- nation he found himself entrapped, with the counterfeit notes in his possession, to the precise amount in number and value that had been ordered in the letter. Thus Mr. Nicholls found his business suddenly brought to a close, and the brisk trade in imaginary candlesticks finished to the infinite welfare of the public. I THE MADNESS OF 182-5. The credulity of the British public was only surpassed by the impudence of the inventor. Men, without any capital but presumption, proposed and carried out com- panies and when, by the aid of an important name or two, obtained, perhaps, under fraudulent pretences, and a prospectus full of specious phraseology and definite promises, they had arrived at a premium, the shares were sold and the association abandoned. In a satirical novel of the day, a bubble, to be called Tie Gold, Wine, and Olive Joint Stock Company," is supposed to be projected. From the writer's position it is very pro- bable that much of his presumed fiction was fact. Why, you talk," says one of the characters, as if we had any real business to transact. All we have to do is to put off our shares up to a premium, humbug the public into buving them, and then let the whole concern go to ruin." The history of the dihiculty with which the first instalment of rent was met, amounting to £3 6s. 8d., is unquestionably a picture of the pauperism and poverty which often mingled with the shamclessness of the pre- tenders. The writer remembers to have seen, some time afterwards, the prospectus of a company to drain the Red sea, in search of the gold and jewels left by the Egyptians in their passage after the Israelites. Many similar jocularities were in circulation, some of which emanated from the members of the Stock Exchange, always a live to a sense of the ridiculous. But it is im- possible, and the experience ot every speculative era has proved it, to open the eyes of men who are making large profits. We are all prcne to believe what is agreeable, and the movers in the mania of 182-5 were no exception to the rule. Every one appeared to get rich without trouble. The prices of all articles increased iu value. Tenfold higher terms were paid for land, with the view of building on it, than it was worth. The wildness of speculation," says" Knight's His- tory of London," was not, however, confined to joint- stock projects; but at length reached to commercial produce gener :y. Money was abundant, and circulated I with rapidity. Prices and profts rose higher and higher, and, in short, All went merry as a marriage bell," The newspapers could scarcely contain the announce- ments which day after day poured from the prolific pens of the schemers. Shares were issued at high premiums; loan after loan taken at high rates but high as they were contracted, the extravagant feeling of the period sent them all higher. The Real del Monte Mining shares, the value of which may be known from being quoted shortly after at 377 discount, reached 1,400 pre- mium making a difference of £1,777 per share. The Bolanos and other foreign Mining companies, mounted to ;j;¿.j premium. The less the place was known where the mine was to be sunk, the higher the premium reached, the bolder and the more exorbitant were the demands made on the public credulity. The Tlalpuxa- hua was done at £ 299. Rumours and reports of veins of gold discovered had only to be fastly propagated, to be freely credited. The following table will give an idea of the heightto which the madness of the period had raised the prices of shares in one month Dec. 10. J an. 11. Anglo-Mexican £ 10 prud E.33 pni. C 1-58 pm. Brazilian 10 10s. dis 70 pm. Columbian 10 19 pm 82 pm. Real del Monte. 70 -5-50 pm 14o0 pm. United Mexican 10 ,,35 pm 156 pm. The shopkeeper ceased to toil that he might become suddenly rich. The merchant embarked his capital and his credit the clerk risked his reputation and his place, to obtain a share of the broad golden stream, which waited to be drunk. The broker could scarely find time to execute his commissions. The ordinary business of the funds was disregarded. The regions of the Stock Exchange xvoi-e Ln appearance of perpetual bustle. But r. great change was at hand. The desire of adventure, and the rising aspect of all markets, created an un- favourable foreign exchange, which, together with the specie, sent to fulfil the loans made to ioreign States, occasioned seven millions and a half of gold to be sub- tracted from the Bank coffers by November, 18.Ó.

SAM SLICK ON CRYING.—Sam Slick says that To talk about a person Laving the power to weep on all occasions is the height of moonshine. I'd like to see a man undertake to cry with a pretty girl beside hilll- pocket full of cash—no corns nn his toes—and plenty of ice cream in reach."

I A COLLECTION FOR TIIE IRISH. I [From the Times.] So there is to be another collection for Ireland. The day of thanksgiving being fixed for Sunday, a day on which the usage of this country forbids any extraordi- nary demonstrations of joy, an outward sign is to be supplied in the shape of begging box. So runs Her Majesty's command. Whereas a large portion of the population of Ireland, and in some districts of Scotland, is still sutfering severe distress, owing to the failure of the ordinary supplies of food in the year 1S46, and in the beginning of the present year," and "so on," the preamble in these documents being usually a very safe key to the sequel. The Legislature has given to Ireland in less than two years £ -5,000,000. It has lent £ 5,000,000. Besides this, in Lord Clarendon's words, the amount of subscriptions through the British Association, the Society of Friends, and other channels, exclusive of public grants, exceeded the sum of £ 700,000 of which his Excellency truly observes, that no similar effort for a like purpose was at any time or in any country ever made." Yet—noil mora, non requies-before the public can be correctly informed how all this money has been spent, or whether it has been really all spent, England is called on for more. We are treated like those rich Italian pastures where, Yirgil tells us, more grass grows in the night than the cattle can eat in the day. The motto of these once .?,er Irelan d f,)r the Ir i sh, proud Repealers is no loger "Ireland for the Irish," but England for the Irish." The stupid, unpoetical Saxon is a very dull fellow, but he works like an ox, and has a back that will bear any burden. Such qua- lities are seldom allowed to exist without being freely used, and accordingly a great experiment is in progress —how much England will bear. We have received some rather warm remonstrances against this monopoly of relief conceded to Ireland. The clergy, who are constituted tax-gatherers for this purpose, and cannot step into the reading-desk, or cross a decent threshold, without people reading Ireland, po- tatoes, pestilence, and blunderbusses in their face, are very naturally the foremost to complain. From the tone of our cierical correspondents we see very clearly that the imposition" will not bear carrying too far. Both parson, clerk, and people will strike. The congre- gation will loo), black, the preacher look pale. Where a sovereign was given last year, it will be half-a-crown this where half-a-crown then, a shilling now where a shilling, nothing at all. The result will be that public benevolence, which at all times is rather hard to keep alive, will go out altogether and neither Her Majesty nor her right trusty and right entirely beloved council- lors, the Archbishops, will be able to extract more than a few paltry thousands for any purpose whatever. In fact, the money is wanted in England, and will be soon wanted still more. We said so at the time of the last collection, and the event has proved the truth of our words. It is not known how much of that E700,000 was given, not merely from funds set apart for charity nearer home, but from personal wants. The poor of this country received much less alms and hos- pitality last winter in consequence of the drain for Ire- land and many a man supporting a family on 8s. a week missed the relief which fell into the rapacious grasp of comfortable Irish farmers. The gentleman had given his twenty pounds, and the clergyman his five or his two, to the Irish collection and, when Christmas came round, he had so much the less to give to the poor creatures shivering and starving near his own doors. The parochial charities of England, sup- ported by subscriptions, are a model of good manage- ment and thrift. They usually show much can be done with small means. It is a cruelty to starve and defraud them. Yet this must have been the case very generally last winter in so many instances did people give to Ireland more than they could well afford, and to the ex- clusion of all other objects. The evil of dependence is one which is sure to in- crease. The Irish appear to have much the same notion of England that village children have of the metropolis. They must imagine its road to be covered with gold dust, while at every door stand heaps of wheat and all sorts of eatables. It is true that we have a fair share of creature comforts; but then it is because we work hard. "All work arid no play, which makes Jack a a dull boy," is the one only secret of our having some- thing over to bestow on the Irish. They see, however, that we have carried them through one winter, and why should we not do the same this year as the last ?" It is a lame business after all-as little for the comfort and dignity of the Irish as it is for our con- venience. The Celt is propped upon the British don- key, like Silenus in the pictures, tottering and ready to pitch headlong to the ground, while the poor beast is ready to sink under the uneasy pressure of the corpu- lent divinity. A tenant-right has now been established over us. The men of Tipperary will soon hold meet- ings and pass resolutions to the effect that England is the property of the Irish. Mr. Chisholm Anstey makes a great point of this. When Lord John Russell had replied that It is notjust to expect that the working classes of Great Britain should permanently support the burden of Irish pauperism," thinking possibly, that this was about the most undeniable proposition he could submit to that pugnacious individual. Mr. Chisholm Anstey joins issue at once on that point, and stoutly maintains that the working classes of England ought permanently to maintain the burden of Irish pauperism. The letter from the Dorsetshire incumbent will serve to show how deeply all the peasantry of Ire- land are imbued with this opinion, viz., that the work- ing classes of this country are a sort of helots, who are bound to maintain jintilinen" of Ireland in a comfort- able independence. A collection, of course, there will be. The church will collect, and all the Dissenters will collect. The Society of Friends will show their usual zeal and liber- ality. America, of course, will give again, as also the French, the Pope, the Sultan, and some dozen tribes of Red Indians. The rest will follow in due time. The programme is much as follows;— £ 200,000 or E300,000 collected in the middle of October ;-a yell of impa- tience for its arrival before the end of the month;—a disgusting scramble for it in Noveinber ;-all spent in December;—by Christmas furious tirades from Drs. M'Hale and Higgins, and -their transatlantic brother Dr. Hughes ;—meetings to abuse and menace the Eng- lish the whole of next year, till, perhaps, September, when there may, perhaps, be a momentary pause in the abuse, for the purpose of begging another twelvemonth's a b use, for the purpose of bc g supply.

AGRICULTURAL MEETING.—We noticed last week that Sir R. Peel had assembled a large party at Drayton Manor, and that great attention was devoted to improvements in agriculture. A meeting was after- wards held and addressed by Lord Talbot, Mr. Wood- ward, the Rev. A. Huxtable, and other gentlemen, who pointed out the necessity of bringing all the discoveries of modern science to the promotion of agricultural knowledge. We give a passage, on the subject of ma- nures, from the speech of Mr. Mechi:—" It was a sin- gular fact that whilst salt tended to preserve animal substances, it on the contrary rapidly decomposed ve- getable matter. It was a cheap alkali of native pro- duction, costing only about 20s. to 30s. per ton, whilst all other alkalies were nearly eight times aa dear. He strongly recommended the abundant use of bones, with and without acid, for root and green crops. It was evidetitltliat the bones formed in our growing animals, and in our cows from the produce of the farm, C03t us 5d. per pound, or £-15 per ton. Now if we could re- place these, as we can do, by bone dust, at £7 per ton, it was clearly good policy to use them. He considered the waste of the liquid portions of the manure in most farm-yards a great national cala- mity. It was a great mistake ever to allow water to fall on manure. Water was a very heavy article. A thousand gallons weighed 10,000ibs., and were ex- pensive to cart. He had heard farmers say when rain was falling that they should then litter their yards and make manure Straw and water in fict. He found in practice that animals did well on their own excrements and straw under cover that they consolidated the mass until it was four feet thick, when it would cut out like a good dungheap, and be fit to cai-i-v on the land. But if rain water were allowed to wash this mass an injurious effect resulted both to the animal and to the manure. He could not afford to allo,v his manure to be well washed in the yards by drainage from the buildings, and afterwards to be washed, dried, and mangled by putting it out on heaps and turning over. It was a waste of time and of money. lie found that his crops grew better with unwashed manure. A farm-yard should be like a railway terminus—covered in, but amply ven- tilated. There was comfort and profit in keeping every- thing dry. It did away with the necessity for water- carts and tanks, the liquid portions of the excrements being just sufficient to moisten the straw and burnt earth, or other absorbent material." SHOCKING DEPAUAVITY.—Above five months ago a man named M'Bride, a coach-painter by trade, left Ripon, in Yorkshire, and came to Carlisle, leaving behind him a woman with whom he had been living for seventeen years, and to whom, by his own account, he had been married when she was sweet seventeen." He took up his residence in a small tenement in Carlyle's lane, Castle-street, and here he was joined about a month ago by his better half." lie had been failing in health for some time, and a fortnight since he rapidly grew worse, from an attack of inflammation in the bowels. It appears that on Tuesday week M'Bride became much worse. Or. the same night his wife, in a state of drunkenness, elopi d to Gretna with a young man about 21 years of age, whom she had known at Uipon; and before midnight they were married. They returned to Carlisle on the following day, and when they entered the room of the poor painter he was dead When night came a shake down" was made side by side with the bed in which the corpse lay, and upon it the newly-married couple, with two of the woman's children, one of them no more than three years old, passed the night. The neighbours, on discovering this outrage on decency, on Wednesday morning turned the unblushing couple out of the house, and it soon began to be whispered that the first husband had met with foul play. Mr. Carrie, the coroner, therefore, to satisfy the public mind, deemed it advisable to hold an inquest on Friday last. A jury was sworn, and the body, after being inspected, was handed over to Dr. Knott and Mr. Mortimer for dissection. The inquest was then adjoumud till Monday next, when the result of a post- mortem examination will be made known. The bride" is a good-looking woman, a'oout thirty-four years of age.—Carlisle Journal. A GOOD CHARACTER FOR A IIOF.SE.— A wag in Pennsylvania not long since purchased a fine horse returning from a ride a few days afterwards, he said he had discovered a quality in this animal which added fifty dollars to its v^lue—it shyed at a bum-bailiff

I THE LAW OF SETTLEMENT. I I [From the Atlas ] I Symptoms are not wanting to show that the law of settlement is among the things destined to undergo a legislative revision. The subject is one which largely and in various ways alfects the interests of the poor, and on that account its working calls the more impcra- tively for investigation. Instances of brutal inhumanity, like that which recently occurred in Lincolnshire, must at all hazards be prevented and the fact that it was induced by the all-absorbing fear of I I settleiiieiit," tvhicli forms the constant terrors of parochial authorities in the rural districts, only renders the necessity of altera- tion more apparent. Moreover, it is not to be denied that a conviction is gaining ground that the principle which governs the application of the law is erroneous. Why should the labourer be virtually fixed to the narrow scrip of ground which constitutes his parish, or iron-bound, as it were, to the inhospitable land where he is paid the scanty wages of his toil, or supported in lie is paid the scanty wa.- age and decrepitude ? Why should he be in effect warned off all other localities, or be permitted only on certain conditions to bring his energies to bear else- where, and got rid of the moment the likelihood exists of his being a burthen to the parish ?" The hard, revolting effect of the system is seen in the agricultural counties, where the spectacle is witnessed, in parishes owned by some mighty lord of the soil, of the dwellings of the poor pulled down "on principle," in order to prevent the possibility of their increase, and to strike with a" fell swoop" at the root of pauperism. A con- test of "selfishness between rival parishes is continually going on, which almost of necessity tends to the perpe- tration of acts of cruelty as vicious in principle, if not as flagrant in degree, as that which led to the public parturition of the poor Irishwoman already referred to, and which is, we verily believe, an example of brutality which the records of no poor-law system but such as ours could parallel. The destitute pauper is in all cases the bone of contention, and the evasion of the means of support the ignominious guerdon of success. It is full time that a law which elicits so much of the innate selfishness of humanity, and draws out most of its evil tendencies with such irresistible effect, should receive the amendment of which it is manifestly capable, and which must ere long be applied. One obvious improvement would lie in giving a wider field for the exertions of the agricultural labourer. He should be encouraged to take ifit-nself and his labour, his only capital, wherever it may be required, instead of being restricted to the narrow boundaries of his parish. The means of relief should be commensurate with the area of his toils where the destitution exists, there, without reference to the parish whence he came, should he command the relief given him by the law. Tem- porary aid he can claim now, but then comes the law of settlement and the passing to his parish, to complicate the question, and plunge the temporarily destitute into the gulf of pauperism. The migration of labour, not the fixing and accumulating it in localities where it is not in demand, ought to be the governing principle, and the certainty of relief wherever required would tend more than anything to encourage enterprise and exertion among a too stagnant and degraded class. It would be difficult to say why the claim to substantial relief should not be as valid in one parish as another, or, that being admitted, why the claimant should be bandied about until he is consigned to his own particular district. The real relief of the destitute, and a wise distribution of the funds provided for that purpose, are the true objects to be attained. At a public meeting, not long since, a resolution was passed, declaring the fitness of a uniform rate" for the relief of the poor throughout the kingdom. We do not go to this extent, although we admit the possibility of making the relief of the poor a national instead of a parochial relief. But the differing■ oircumstances of population, jurisdiction, and commerce, render such a measure inexpedient. All alterations, however, yet made, tend to the abolition of the narrow range of paro- chial restriction, and even now the paradise of a settle- ment is reached with much less difuculty than in past years. How the system works even at present may be judged of from the horror of human "incumbrances" manifested by the Lincolnshire overseers, and the resolve to quarter them on any parish but their own. Under such circumstances, the functions of the relieving officer become a farce, since the actual duty performed is that of relieving" one parish at the expense of the next; so finely conservative of the selfish instinct is the existing law of settlement.

MR. COEDEN IN HAMBURGH.—A committee having formed itself, consisting of 24 inhabitants of Hamburgh, mostly merchants, and all of the highest standing and respectability, Mr. Cobden was invited to a public dinner, which waS given to him on October 4th. Accommodations were made for 600 persons, and the party fully mus- tered that number. It being the German fashion to give the toasts during dinner, the Chairman rose soon after the first course was over, and proposed, for the first toast, Die Handels Freiheit,"—(Free Trade.) Mr. Edgar Ross rose next, and proposed (in k;iiglisti) Mr. Richard Cobden's health. He said it was quite unnecessary to give a description of Mr. Cobden's career as a champion for free trade his name was inscribed in history, and known even to our children. He mentioned the support which Luther, Wilberforce, Daniel O'Connell, and others met with when they pro- posed their great reforms^and shewed, on the other hand, that Mr. Cobden i??ly to fall back for support on the intellect of the people hut that he, as all great men, could not be contented, vritk half measures, and had carried to a glorious end hii great ard powerful scheme. The toast was received with tremendous cheers. Mr. Cobden then got on the platform, amidst great applause. He said, he felt it his duty to declare that he was only one of the many who had carried out free trade prin- ciples.—[He mentioned Mr. Villiers, Mr. Bright, and others.] That, as a free man, he was therefore rather sorry to see himself made so much of a monopolist on his continental tour by the kindness of his friends, who conferred all the honours upon him alone. Having thus cleared his conscience on this point, he would speak of the impressions that his continental tour of 14 months had made upon him with respect to free trade. He had met men of all parties—free traders as well as monopolists-men of enlarged views but he was happy to state that amongst the enlightened ones he had found no difference of opinion about free trade. Almost all the Governments were opposed to protection. _I. _J!t.. __1__L_lI. He then drew a striding picture ot the silutaryinnuence of free trade, by comparing the seaports of Leghorn and Barcelona with each other. He went home with the firm conviction that free trade would make the tour of the wo; Id. He was not so sanguine as to believe it could be done in a year or two. It had taken seven years in England, led to an expense of E40,000, and they had distributed 120 tons' weight of tracts during that period but the cause must triumph, because it was the cause of justice and humanity. The next generation, if they should see our tariff, would never believe that merchants could have carried on business with it. A tariff should be simple enough to be under. stood by every child, and a thing fit for the waistcoat pocket; but in St Petersburgh the idea had come to his mind, that it would be necccsary to institute a col- lege for teaching the citizens the meaning of that tre- mendous work the Russian Tariff. He next proved how free traders could never be the enemies of the public revenue, but that they were in fact the best friends of the Exchequer. He did not like arguing after dinner, and much less during dinner, but he would say this, that he was convinced of the victory of free trade, it being a strife of peace against war, of humanity against barbarism, of intellect against ignorance. Before sitting down (he continued) I wish to propose a toast,—1 wish you to drink, Prosperity to the Free City of Ham- burgh," and may she be spared to be for eight centuries to come what she has been for eight centuries past, an example to other countries, and the pride of her inha- bitants. Mr. Cobden sat down amidst loud and long- continued cheering. After several other toasts the meeting then separated at half-past 10 o'clock, to the entire satisfaction of every individual present. SUSPENSION OF RAILWAY WORKS.—A meeting of the members of the Stock Exchange, at Birmingham, was held on Wednesday, for the purpose of taking into consideration communications received from various provincial stock exchange associations, inviting co-ope-  for its ob j ect the suspen- ration io a movement having for its object the suspen- sion of railway calls. It was resolved That, ob- serving the hih price now paid for all kinds of railway material and labour, owing to the shortness of time in which so vast an amount of works is proposed to be executed, it seems probable that all the works to be done may, by equitable arrangements between the com- panies and the contractors, be extended over a more lengthened term than at present proposed, with advan- tage to both parties, and eventually with benefit to the various classes of labourers and artificers employed. That, under such arrangements, the directors may make the calls on the shareholders smallein amoun t, and at greater intervals than hitherto, which, in the opinion of this association would tend to relieve the share-market from its present state of extreme depression." FATAL AND DISTRESSING CASES OF POISONING NEMl STROUD.—Early on Monday morning four chil- dren of a man named Tilley, of Pitchconibe, were seized with such violent symptoms as to require medi- cal assistance, and accordingly a surgeon was sent for from Stroud, who found all the children labouring under effects such as are produced by irritant poisons. Antidotes were, therefore, promptly administered, and it was found, on analysis, that arsenic had been swal- lowed. It was also ascertained that only half an hour before they became ill, they had each of them partaken of some pudding, which was charitably given to them by the friends of a deceased person in the neighbourhood, and which pudding was also found to contain arsenic. This led to an investigation by the coroner, who or- dered a post-mortem examination of the deceased, when the stomach was found to contain arsenic. Portions of the pudding were also found in the stomach. Until the children became ill, no one had the slightest sus- picion that the deceased's death had been caused by poison. One of the children, a little boy, aged eleven years, died on Thursday afternoon, and it is feared that the sister, a little girl, will very quickly follow. The eldest son, a young man, nineteen years of age, is lying in a dangerous state, and only the youngest child, three years old, is likely to escape. The adjourned inquest on the deceased, fcoi-n whose house the pudding was brought, was held yesterday morning, but the particulars have not reached us, -Gloucester Journal. GIVING A CHARACTER.—A farmer attended the Croydon assizes la t week to speak to the character of a delinquent, and, upon being asked by Mr. Justice Coltman what ho knew of him, said he was a most upright niaii, ati(I a good psalm singer. COL. WOOD, LATE M. P. FOR BRECONSUIRE, ON AGRICULTURAL SUCIETIES.-A dinner has been given by the gentry and farmers of the district of Bedfont to Colonel Wood, of Littleton, late M.P. for Brecknock- shire. The gallant Colonel has been residing on the continent for more than twelve months past, in conse- quence of the serious illness of his wife, Lady Caroline Wood and his friends and neighbours determined, on the occasion of his return to this country, to testify their respect and esteem for him by inviting him to a public dinner. The invitation, which, we were informed, was subscribed by persons of various political opinions, was presented to the gallant officer on his arrival at Dover in the early part of the week, and Friday was then fixed upon for the entertainment. A plain but substantial dinner was provided in a large marquee, erected on Mr. Sherborne's grounds, and which was appropriately deco- rated. The Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer (Sir F. Pollock) presided, having on his right Colonel Wood, Sir W. C. Jame?, Bart., Mr J. S. Brownrigg (late M.P. for Boston), Mr. Strachan, and the Rev. W. W. Berry, and, on his left, Mr. Justice Wightman, Colonel T. Wood, Mr. liowe, and Captain Carpenter. Nearly 200 gentle- men sat down to dinner. In the course of an eloquent address, the gallant Colonel observed in reference to Agricultural Societies that He was sorry to see a most influential and most respectable journal-The Tunes- running down these societies; but he could not help thinking that there was a great deal of justice in the re marks of The Times. That journal very pointedly re- ferred to the injustice of offering a large premium—say LIO-for a fat ox, while they offered only E2 for a very lean labourer. (Laughter and cheers.) Now. he hoped not that agricultural societies would break up, but that they would alter their system of premiums. (Hear, hear.) He might observe that the West Middlesex Agricultural Association gave no premiums for fat oxen or cattle, but their only premiums were awarded to me- ritorious labourers. The Chairman:-And those not lean ones. (Loud laughter.)—Colonel Wood.—No, he hoped they were not very lean ones. (Renewed laughter.) And why were they not lean ? Because the landlords in this county endeavoured to give a fair day's wages for a fair day's work (hear, hear) and if the same system was pursued throughout the country they would not see the labourers quite so lean as they were in some districts. He must say that he thought it was a serious charge against the agricultural societies that they offered such extravagant premiums for fat cattle, and such very small premiums to those connected with the most important branches of farming-agricultuml labourers. (Hear, hear.) lie considered that, whenever a premium of £10 was offered for a fat ox, they should offer a premium of the same amount for the best labourer. (Hear.) He hoped that, instead of the agricultural societies being broken up, they would see the propriety of altering their system of premiums and of allowing their poor neigh- bours a larger participation in those rewards which it was in their power to offer. (Cheers.) CURRENCY MEETING AT BIRMINGHAM.—A meeting of the bankers, merchants, manufacturers, and tradesmen of Birmingham has been held at Dee's Royal hotel, Birmingham, to consider the state of the country, and the operation of Sir Robert Peel's bills of 1819 and 1844. Not more than 200 persons were present, amongst whom were G. F. Muntz, Esq., M.P., C. N. Newdcgate, Esq., M.P., Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P., and many members of the corporation. Alderman Weston occupied the chair, and in opening the business of the meeting expressed the opinion that the present state of monetary affairs was caused by the operation of Sir Robert Peel's acts, and that the present system was altogether unsuited to the wants of the community. Mr. Harlow moved the resolutions, which were seconded by Mr. T. C. Salt, who condemned in toto the present system, and contended that all the miseries which had taken place in the country for the last forty years were attributable to the present money laws. C. N. Newde- gate, Esq., M,P., said his firm conviction was that, unless some inquiry was instituted, there could be no prosperity and as little security for property, and he trusted that when meetings such as that gave expres- sion to their opinions, and entreated the government to save them and their families from ruin, the minister would give them at least the common justice of a hearing (cheers.) Mr. Muntz, M.P., who-rose amidst applause, considered that the people had not been punished half enough as yet, or there would have been more of them present. Great as had been the ridicule thrown on the question, it was really the question of the day, on which all their prosperity or adversity depended. Mr. John Taylor, of Bakewell, Derbyshire, then addressed the meeting. Mr. Spooner, M.P., spoke in support of the resolutions. He sketched at great length the history of the present monetary system, stating that all his experience since 1810 had confirmed him in the opinion that it was wrong. Looking, then, at the present state of the country, which he had foreseen and predicted, was it to be endured that their hands should be tied behind their backs, that trade should perish, because Peel had said that fourteen millions are to be the extent of the circulation ? Keep up the comple- ment of my bill," said the right honourable baronet; perish trade and commerce. I have swallowed two or three of my opinions already, I dare not swallow the rest." He asked them to look to the matter-a matter on which depended the happiness of their fellow-crea- tures, the safety of the nation-n-iy, he would tell them more, that the crown on the Queen's head was not afe, unless the ministers took some steps to remedy the evil (hear, hear.) This was bold language, and he dared say that he would be reprobated for it; but, at all events, it was honest. In conclusion he stated that neither he nor Mr. Newdegate had anything to do with getting up the meeting—that he was unwilling to take any part in the movement but, if the people were willing, he would not be backward. The resolutions were unanimously agreed to. After a vote of thanks to the chairman, the meeting separated. PooR LAW COMMISSION.—A Blue Book has just been, issued in pursuance of an order of the Parliament, con- taining appendices to the thirteenth Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners, presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of her Majesty, shortly before the recent prorogation and dissolution. These appendices (occupying upwards of 250 folio pages) are three in number. The first contains orders and circular letters issued by the Poor Law Commissioners, reports, &c. (England and Wales, and Ireland); the second includes tables and returns ditto); and the third gives a summary of the poor-rate returns for the year ended Lady-dav, 1846, &c. The volume is illustrated by plates, showing the general arrangement of the drains of the workhouses (Ireland) plans and sections of temporary fever wards; a drawing for an economical bedstead prepared for the Central Board of Health (Ire- land), &c. It appears from the summary of the poor- rate returns for the year ended Lady-day, 1846 (before mentioned), that the total amount of money levied in England and Wales, by assessment, was £ 6,800,623; and that there was a further sum of E187,043 received from all other sources in aid of the poor-rate mak- ing the total receipts for the relief, &c., of the poor in that year, £ 6,988,666. The total amount expended during the same period in the relief, &c. of the poor, was £ 4,954,204. There was further expended in law charges (parochial and union), C33,298 for expenses of proceedings before magistrates and constables' ex- penses (not included in the former item) £ 52,210. The amount of fees paid to the vaccinators, under the Vacci- nation Extension Act, was £ 27,147 and the payments on account of Registration Act (viz. :—fees to clergy- men and registrars, outlay for register offices, books and forms, &c.) amounted during the same year to E;54,821 The payments under the Parochial Assessments Act (for surveys, valuations, &c.) and loans repaid under the same, were E21,162 the payments for or towards the county rate or borough rate, and included therewith in the former charge £ 229,813. The costs of voters, burgess, and jury lists were E21,556 the expenses of parish property," and the money expended for all other purposes" amounted to £ 218,532. Thus the grand total, in England and Wales, of parochial rates, &c. expended in the year ended Lady-day, 1846, was £ 6,746,485. The cost of medical relief was £ 17-5,190. A comparative statement is afterwards made of the ex- penditure for the relief of the poor, &c., during the year ended 25th of March, 1846, with the preceding years. It appears therefrom, that there was "expended for the relief and maintenance of the poor" during the year ending March 25, 1834 (in England and T:les),_a sum of EC),317,24 I; in the year ending March 25, 1845, it was £ 5,039,703 and in the year cnding March 2;j, 1816, it was £ 4,954,204. The lav cliarges, &c., in 1831, were £ 25S,601; and in 184o, £ <so,2J8. In 1830 the rate of expenditure for the relief of the poor only was 6s. 9d. per head; and in 1846, it was 6s. 3d. THE L\TE CAPTAIN STIRLING, OF THE TIMES.— Captain Stirling, late one of the leader writers of the I Times' newspaper, died at an advanced age, a few days ago, at his residence, at Knightsbridge. This gentleman's leaders obtained for the Times' the name of the 1 Thunderer." They were full of vigour and always to the point. The late Daniel O'Connell was his principal target, and the arrow of Mr. Stirling never missed the bull's-eye. The mortality of the Times' office, in a very short space of time, is worthy of notice. It has of late years lost by death, Mr. Thomas Barnes, the principal editor, whose talents as a writer were well known; Mr. Bacon, the sub-editor, a very clever writer Mr. Alsger, whose city article was so much admired and sought for; the next was the great pillar of the establishment, Mr. John Walter, whose biography appeared in the Times' a few days since. His most intimate friend and companion in sickness, Captain Stirling, did not survive him above a month.-North British Jlail. VESSEL ABANDONED AT SEA.—About six O'clock on Wednesday morning Captain Togher, in command of the St. Patrick steam-ship, of Drogheda, on his voyage from Liverpool, observed a vessel dismantled and rolling on the waves, the sea breaking over her, about six miles north of the Skerries, on the coast of Wales. He im- mediately bore down and discovered that the vessel had lost her bowsprit, mainmast, and foretop, and received some damage in her bows. He sent out a boat with five men to board her and make an examination of her con- dition. They found no person whatever on board, but discovered that she had made nineteen inches of water. Captain Togher then sent two of his best hawsers to her and took her in tow, leaving the five men on board to work her and pay attention to the tow-ropes. At eight a.m. the wind increased, blowing from the south, which caused a heavv cross sea, and with great difficulty he brought her to the Irish coast, having, during the passage, broke tow-ropes twice. The vessel thus found abandoned is a brigantine named the Branstye, of Whitehaven, and was bound from Cardiff, in Wales, for Liverpool, laden with 150 tons of iron rails for some railway. We have learned this morning (Saturday) from Liverpool, that the accident was caused by collision with a Boston Ship, inward bound. One of the crew of the brigantine was killed by a fall of the mast, and kiiocke(I overboard, The Branstye and her cargo ttre worth nearly £ 3000.—Drogheda Argus. ■ IMPORTANT EDUCATIONAL MEETING AT BIRMING- | HA:lL-A numerous and highly influential meeting, con- vencd by the Lord Bishop of the diocese of Worcester, was held at Dee's Royal Hotel. Birmingham, on Thurs- day, for the purpose of considering the propriety of instituting training schools throughout the diocese. The Lord Bishop of Worcester took the chair, and ad- dressed the meeting on the advantages offered by the late minutes in council for ad vancing education, and promoting an improved qualification for schoolmasters all over the country. His lordship was followed by Lord Lyttelton, who dilated on the same topics, and en- tered into details of the cost of the plan which the meeting was assembled to discuss He had received a letter from Dr. Kaye Shuttleworth, in answer to an ap- plication from himself, stating that he would not advise that a training school should be established for less than GO pupils. Taking the area of the schools, to be seven acres, and the number of students 60, the expense would be £ 8,200. Now, they must take away, L700 for the purchase-money, as the site had been promised in the most liberal manner by Mr. Adderley. C3000 also had been promised by the Committee of the Privy Council. The National Society also undertook to give an amount varying from £ 10 to £2.j per head for each student in the normal school. Altogether, he estimated that the expense would be reduced to £JOOO and that amount would be left to them to raise throughout the diocese. With respect to the expense of the annual maintenance of sixty students, Dr. Shuttleworth esti- mated that it would be E3000 and out of that, the amount of support from the government would depend on the number of pupils who should obtain certificates at the end of the year, and draw pecuniary rewards from the government. It was, however, impossible to give but a vague idea of what that might be. According to the lowest calculations, the-expense for the first year, deducting voluntary contributions, would be £ 1500 and when the plan for the Queen's scholars came into ope- ration, C1200 a year. Resolutions for establishing an institution for the training of schoolmasters for the Church of England schools in the diocese of Worcester, such institution, in the first instance, to receive not less than forty nor more than sixty students, but to be capa- ble of enlargement— for establishing a commercial mid- dle class school, if sufficient funds could be raised, for vesting the property in the Bishop, Dean, and Arch- deacon of the diocese, and the Lords-Lieutenant and Sheriffs of the counties of Worcester, and Warwick— for forming a governing body, mixed clerical and laical —and forming a committee of management of the sub- scription lists, &c. &c. were agreed to. THE LATE HARVEST.—The Liverpool correspondent of the Times sums up the probable results of the harvest just concluded There seems to be little dif- ference of opinion as to the productiveness of the harvest of the United Kingdom. Barley is probably the greatest crop we ever grew. Wheat, on the whole, has been good, and something better than last year; but the quality is not generally so fine. Oats prove a good fair crop. Beans and peas are deficient probably fully one-third. The potato disease is again spoken of, but as of a less destructive character than the last two years. There is, however, only one general opinion, that a considerably less breadth of land was planted with this esculent last season. The present price is about 100 per cent. over that of ordinary seasons. Notwithstanding that a satisfactory result may be anti- cipated from the late harvest, the present and pros- pective rate of consumption is evidently greater than it is calculated to supply and there can be but little doubt that in the course of the next twelve months, large importations of bread-stuffs from abroad will be re- quired, and obtained at moderate rates, as the Conti- nental and American harvests are reported of even more favourably than our own." THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.—An extraordinary ap- plication of the electric telegraph took place on Thurs- day. On that day the convict IIutching3 was to have been executed at Maidstone gaol, at 12 o'clock. Shortly before the appointed hour for carrying the sentence into effect a message was received at the London-bridge- terminus of the South-Eastern railway, from the Home- office, requesting that an order should be sent by the electric telgraph instructing the Under-Slieriff at Maid- stone to stay the execution two hours. By the agency of the electric telegraph the communication was re- ceived in Maidstone with the usual rapidity, and the execution was for a time stayed. It seems that the Under Secretary of State had been in conference with a gentleman who had interested himself in the case, and a re-examination of the evidence was humanely de- termined on pending the consultation the Under Se- cretary ordered the temporary respite. An order was subsequently despatched by the same medium, ordering that the law should take its course, and the unfortunate criminal was executed soon after its arrival. A great sensation was created at Maidstone, it being believed that the man would not be hanged at all. This is the first instance of the employment of the electric tele- graph on such a service. THE GREAT BRITAIN A ROYAL YACIIT.-I-ler Ma- jesty, it is said, has expressed a strong desire that the Great Britain" should be purchased and fitted up as an additional yacht for herself and her illustrious consort the latter suffering most especially from the rolling of the Victoria and Albert" in the course of the royal summer excursions. If secured for her Majesty, and it is anticipated that no one will, by competition, presume to frustrate this truly national object, she will be fitted up with unrivalled splendour, in accordance with H.R,H. Prince Albert's own peculiar notions of taste.—Ply- mouth Journal. FEMALE LYNGH LAW.—Last week a novel scene was enacted in one of the hop-gardens in the parish of Iden, Sussex. On the flay" previous a man from Woodchurch, Kent, who was engaged in hop-picking on the farm, had beaten his wife in the way that some parents punish their children. A number of women (also from Woodchurch) who were picking at another farm in the parish, having heard of the treatment that one of their own sex had been subjected to, determined upon inflicting summary punishment on the offender. They accordingly provided themselves with bunches of stinging-nettles and hop-bines, and proceeded en masse to the garden where the culprit was at work, pulling poles. Having by a ruse dispossessed him of his bill (used in cutting away the bines), they at once com- menced their work of castigation, by a process well known to schoolboys as birching," and having at length satisfied their notions of justice, they released the culprit, who gladly availed himself of the oppor- tunity to retire, looking as happy as if he had stumbled into a wasp's nest. MURDER OF MR. ROE, OF ROCKWELL.—CASHEL, SATURDAY.—William Roe, Esq., J.P., barrister, was murdered at twelve o'clock to-day, near his place at Rockwell, adjoining Boytonrath, three miles from Cashel. He was an excellent country gentleman. His father-in-law, Mr. Clarke, of Nenagh, was murdered about two years ago. The cause assigned for this murder is, that Mr. Roe had ejected one Lonergan, who had refused to pay him any rent for a considerable period. He has absconded. Several letters have lately appeared in a local paper, foretelling something like this very event, dated from the neighbourhood.— Dublin Mail. EXECUTION AT DUNDEE.—On Thursday last Thomas Leith, convicted of the murder of his wife, suffered the extreme penalty of the law at Dundee. The unfortunate man protested his innocence to the last. THE CASE OF MARY ANN HUNT.—We understand that a few days since the Secretary for the Home De- partment, gave directions to three gentlemen, eminent in the medical profession, to examine the state of Marv Ann limit, now under sentence of death in Newgate, for the Murder of Mary Stowell in Marylcbone, and that the result of their inquiry is, an unanimous opinion that the verdict of the jury of matrons was wrong, and that the unfortunate woman is beyond doubt quick with child." Of course, under these circumstances, the sen- tence will not for the present be carried into execution. ACCIDENT TO THE ARCIIBISIIOL' OF YORK.—A few days since an accident of a singular character occurred to the venerable Archbishop of York, who is now in his 62d year. His grace, accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Dixon, one of the canons of the Minster, and the Arch- bishop's chaplain, was walking on the grounds attached to the episcopal palace, at Bishopsthorpe, when they had occasion to cross a wooden bridge thrown over some ornamental waters. On reaching the middle of the bridge they felt some apprehension that it was giving way, but before they had an opportunity of tak- ing any precautionary measures for securing themselves, the bridge fell in, and the most reverend prelate, with his friend, found themselves up to their necks in the water. In a few moments the Archbishop reached the shore, and while his reverend friend was battling with the water, jocularly exclaimed, Well, Dixon, I thiuk we've frightened the frogs." On returning to the Palace the Archbishop changed his attire, and presided over a large dinner party in the evening but Mr. Dixon, alarmed either at the suddenness of his immersion, or fearing its consequences, retired to bed. The Cowfold Agricultural Association held its an- nual meeting on Thursday but nothing of a general interest transpired, if we except the lesson which the Rev. AIr. Otter insinuated to the agricultural mind" around him through the instrumentality of the follow- ing quotation Man to the plough, Wife to the sow, Boy to the flail, Girl to the pail, And your rents will be netted. But man, Tally-ho Miss, Piano— Boy, Greek and Latin- Wife, silk and satin— And you'll soon be Gazetted." --Bi-iyhto?t Giea?-di(t?i. A NATURAL CONCLUSION.—A little girl, about four years old, went with a lady to the Bangor cathedral service, on Sunday last, for the first time. The child seemed for a while, astounded with the noise of the choir, and greatly amused with the genuflexions, forms, and ceremonies which she witnessed. After having conducted herself with a propriety suitable to her ae for a considerable time, the sight of the Venerable Bishop, in his canonicals, ascending the draperied Episcopal throne, was too powerful she exclaimed, with indescribable astonishment depicted in her counte- nance, Oh, Miss- he has got his night chifs on, he is going to bed.Cai-iiarvo)t Herald. Cow AND CALF.-An American dandy, who wanted the milk passed to him at an hotel, thus asked for it — Landlady, please to pass your cotti down this way." The landlady thus retorted—"Waiter, take this cow down to where the calf is bleating." HORRIBLE DEATH.—On Saturday an accident, by which a young man named Henry Ford lost his life, oc- curred at the St. Pancras steam mills, Old St. Pancras- road. It appears that the deceased having returned from dinner went into one of the sheds where an im- mense circular saw, driven by steam power, is used for the purpose of cutting large logs of timber. The ob- ject the deceased had in going in cannot be ascertained, but whilst he was in the machinery was set in motion, and he was caught in the shoulders by the teeth of the saw. He shrieked out, but before the machine was stopped the whole of the upper part of his body was nearly sawn through. On being brought out from the shed life was gone, the body presenting a most frightful spectacle. It was removed to St. Pancras Workhouse, where it awaits an inquest. The above makes the third accident at the St. Paneras saw mills within a short time. -Globe.

I AGRICULTURE, MARKETS, &c. I (From the Mark Lane Express.) The accounts from all parts of the kingdom agree ill stating that a large breadth of land will be sown with Wheat this autumn, and there is every prospect of the seed being well got in. The soil has worked admirably; and the rain which has fallen during the last few days having supplied the requisite moisture, sowing will most likely be forthwith commenced. It is, therefore, proba- ble that the finer qualities of Wheat will for some weeks be in gteat request for that purpose and as there will be little time for thrashing and bringing supplies t<7 market, a moderate rise in prices is calculated on. In- dependent of the seed demand, a rather active inquiry for new Wheat may be expected, it being impossible ttf manufacture good Flour of the old foreign Wheat now here without a mixture of new of home growth. The trade has, nevertheless, remained in a comparatively quiet state since our last, and the value of the article hag hardly risen. There are, however, reasons to conclude that prices of grain cannot recede much. Firstly, our farmers hold little old corn, and they do not seem at ail anxious to press sales of new further, the stocks of old foreign in the country, though large, are not excessin-e and in the present state of British credit there is little prospect of consignments being made from abroad to this country. We are, therefore, disposed to think that the value of Wheat will not go much above or below its level. Barley, of home growth, has hitherto come for' ward very sparingly and though larger supplies, are calculated on as soou as the sowing of Wheat shall haf been completed and farmers resume thrashing, still ta the mean time prices rather creep up. The demand for Malt has increased of late, and prime parcels of ne? being scarce, have brought very full terms. The ar? rivals of Oats coastwise have been small, only 903 qrs. having come to hand, including 742 qrs. from Scotland. The Irish supplies have also been on quite a moderate scale, and the receipts from abroad have not been SO plentiful as last week. The trade has, nevertheless, re- mained in a very depressed state, the dealers having declined buying more than absolutely necessary for their immediate wants. Indian Corn, slightly damaged, has been in lively request for pig feeding and the finer sorts have also met with some attention. Indian-corn Meal and Rye-flour have been held at rather enhanced rates i the former article has met with some attention, and several sales of the latter have been made at full terms, s. s. t04 Wheat, red 50 to 54 Oats, Engl, feed 9 2 White 58 62 Youghall Black 18-21 Norfolk & Suffolk 5f) 52 Scotch feed 22 -24 White Irish Galway 14-16 Barley, Malting.. 32 — 34 j Dublin 18—21 Chevalier 36 37 Londonderry Grinding 2-5 — 30 Waterford White 18 21 Irish Cloninet 18 2t Scotch. lotatoe 25 21 Beans, Tick new 37 39; Seed, Rape. 30/. 327. Harrow. 41 4;j Irish. —I. —I. per last Pease, Boiling 52-56 Linseed, Baltic 48 50 White Odessa 47 5f) Blue Mustard, white.. 7 6 :MapJe. Flour, Town made Malt, Brown 63 66 and best country Rye, new 34 36 j rrarks 41-49 Indian Corn 28 38 Stockton 38-43 LONDON AVERAGES. £ s. d. I £ s. d. Wheat..4,221 qrs. 2 16 7 Rye 143 qrs. 1 14 9 Barley..l,H3 1 13 4 Beans 664 2 6 ? Oats Ml 1 7 1 I Peas.. 245 2 9 5 GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN. Week ending Oct. 2nd—Imperial—General Weekly Average,—Wheat, 56s. 9d. Barlev. 32s. Od.; Oats, 235. Od. Rye, 33s. 3d.; Beans, 43s. 7d.; Peas, 41s. 2d. Aggregate Average of six weeks which governed Duty —Wheat, 54s. 8d.; Barley, 3.3s. 13d.; Oats, 24s, 3d. Rye, 33s. 9d.; Beans, 46s. lls.; Peas, 42s. 5d.

SMITHFIELD MARKET During the last week, the following imports of live stock took place into London :-Beasts, 664; Sheep. 3549; Lambs, 89 Calves. 237 Pigs, 43. At the out- ports the arrivals have been tolerably good; 12 Oxen having been received at Southampton from Oporto, and about 3,200 head of each kind of stock at Hull, &c., from Holland and Germany. The supply of foreign stock here, this morning, was again somewhat extensive, viz., 730 Oxen and Cows, 3,140 Sheep and Lambs, 67 Calves, and 42 Pigs. Although the condition of the stock was very inferior, a good clearance was effected, fully last week's prices. There was a decided falling off in the supply of Sheep, the numbers of which were about 2,000 less than on Monday last; owing to which, the Mutton trade was firm, and last week's quotations were supported in every instance. The highest figure for the best old Downs was 5s. 2d. per 81bs. There were several fercin Sheep in the market in a vety diseased state. The supply of Calves on offer, ???* moderate. Prime qualities of Veal were in request, &tf?U.tM..M- Xn het" kinds only a IHU? 3 business was doing, at barely late rates. The POrk trade was in a very sluggish state; nevertheless, the quotations made last week were mostly supported. A COMPARISON of the PRICES of FAT STOCK, sold in SMTTHKIKI.D CATTLE MARKET, on Monday Oct. 12, 1816, and Monday, Oct. 11, 1847. Per 81bs. to sink the offal. Oct. 12, 1846. Oct. 11, 1847 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Coarse & inferior Beasts.. 3 0 to 3 2.. 3 0 to 3 Senondqualitv do. 3 4 3 6..3 8 310 Prime large Oxen. 3 8 3 10 4 0 4 2 Prime Scots, K-c 4 0 4 2., 4 4 4 C) Coarse and inferior Sheep 4 2 4 4 3 S 4 0 Second quality, do 4 6 4 8..4 2 4 Prime coarse woolled, do.. 4 10 5 0 4 6 4 8 Prime Southdown, do -5 2 5 4- 4 10 5 2 Large coarse Calves. 3 10 4 6.. 3 6 4 2 Prime small do. 4 8 4 10 4 4 4 6 Large Hogs. 38 4 6 4 0 4 6 Neat small Porkers 4 8 4 10..4 8 5 0 BUTTER, BACON, CHEESE, AND HAMS. s. s. Cheese, per cwt. s. fl. Dorset Butter, p. fir. 100 106 Double Glo'ster 60 66 Fresh Butter, 13s. 6d. Single ditto 48 59 per dozen Cheshire 56 7fi Irish, dn., T)er c,.N,t. T),rbv 62 66 Carlow, Now 9'2 American .50 60 Slijo 83 Edam and Gouda.. 40 .52 Cork, 1st 94 Bacon, new., 76 84 WatPi-ford. 90 riJJJe Foreign Butter, cwt. Hams, Irish 50 10 Prime Friesland 100 106 Westmoreland. 88 Do. Kid. 94 York 98 — PRICE OF TALLOW, &c. 1843. 1844. 18:5. 1846 1847. Stock this day 21,672 18,78-5.. 8,656.. 6,492.. 11,4-">5 Price of P.Y.C. 41s. 6d. 41s. 6d. 42s. Od. 47s. Od. 46s. 6d.

WEEKLY CALENDAR. THE rOO' CHVNOES.—First Quarter on the I i-th of October, at 7h. 24m. morning. HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES FOR Tllr, ENSUING WEEK. r,arm;f" Cardi?an Tenby Aberyst- DA^S. then Bar. and and W- -? LIanelly. Bristol. Milford. WI. OCT. ?r. M. n. M. ?. M. H. M. Saturrhv. ,lGI: 9 5?!l0 41 9 26 11 11 Sunday .17?0 45 11 30 10 15 11 50 Monday 18''11 45 0 30 11 1-5 1 0 Tuesday.)9? 0 25 1 53 0 38 2 23 Wednesday 20 i 1 ?1 3 16 2 1 3 46 Thursday ..21 ■ 3 10 4 26 3 13 4 68 Friday 22 4 10 4 55 3 40 5 24

I LONDON GAZETTE. BANKRUPTS.—( Friday, Oct. 8.)—G. Baker, Newport, Monmouthshire, groeer.-G. J. Galabin, Bartholomew- elose, printer.—J. Milstead, Bromley, Kent, builder.—J. Featherstonhaugh, and W. Putterill, St. Martin's, Stam- ford, Northamptonshire, railway contractors.—P. Keyan, Liverpool, flour dealer.—J. Ripon, Bristol, baker.—H. Hcywood, Manchester, ai,.ctioncer.-T. Christian, Park- road,North Brixtoil.-A. Uglow, St. Thomas the Apostle, Cornwall, miller. B ANKRUPTS.-— ( Tuesday, Oct. 12.)-T. Lyon and r. Lyon, stock and bill brokers, Birchin-lane.-W. Palmer, jeweller, Uxbridge.—W. Walker, paper stainer, London- wall.-W. H. Stray, hat manufacturer, Lambeth-walk.— H. Toyne, lincndraper, Shoreditch.—G. W. Jones, news- vender, Bii-ciiiii-I.-iiie.-W. H. Ford, innkeeper, Burford, Oxfordshire.— W. H. Lewis, straw bonnet maker, Lud- gate-street.— E. Saunders, builder, Stamford-terrace, Asylum-road. Old Kent-road.-Il. Owen, carrier, Fleet- street.—W. Pithy, merchant, Philpot-lane, City.—R. C. Kingsford and H. L. Barnwell, millers, Stratton.-J. Williams, draper, Cheltenham. R. Dewhurst and Evan Gregson, timber merchants, Blackburn. Lancashire.—W. Bate, millwright, Bridgnorth.-T. Cooper, stock-broker, York.—J. Burt, J. Burt, jun., and W. T. Watson, com- mission agents, Manchester.

ADVERTISEMENTS AND ORDERS RECEIVED BY THE FOLLOWING AGENTS :— LONDON Messrs. Barker and White, 33, Fleet-street; Messrs. Newton and Co., Warwick-square Mr. G. Reynell, 42, Chancery-lane Mr. Deacon, 3, Walbrook, near the Mansion House Mr. Hammond, 27, Lom- bard-street W. Dawson, and Son, 74, Cannon-street; 1\1r. C. Mitchell, Red Lion Court, Fleet-street: Mr. H. Clarke, 22, Charing Cross; Mr. G. H. Street, 11, Serle-street, London. THIS PAPEU IS REGULARLY FILED by all the above agents, and also in London, at Peel s Coffee-IIouse, No. 177 and 178, Fleet-street.—Deacon's Coffee-House, Walbrook, and the Auction Mart. Printed and Published in Cuildhall Square, in the Parish of He Peter, in the Count v of the Borough of Carmarthen, by the Proprietor, JOSKFH HEr;rnoTTqb1, oflicton Terrace in C"rmarthen aforesaid. FRIDAV^ OCT. Ii, 1817.