The Welshman

SPEAK GENTLY! I (From tlte Sheffield Mercury.) I Speak gently it is better far To rule by love than fear; Speak gently let not harsh words mar The good we might do here. Speak gently love doth whisper low The vows that true hearts bind And gently friendship's accents fiow,- Affection's voice is kind. Speak gently to the little child! Its love be sure to gain; Teach it in accents soft and mild: It may not long remain, Speak gentiy to the young! for they Will have enough to bear; Pass through this life as best they may, 'Tis full of anxious care. Speak gently to the aged one, Grieve not the care-worn heart 1 The sands of life are nearly run Let such in peace depart. Speak gently, kindly to the poor Let no harsh tone be heard! They have enough they must endure, Without an unkind word. Speak gently to the erring know They must have toil'd in vain Perchance unkindness made them so,— 0 win them back again Speak gently He who gave His life To bend man's stubborn will, When elements were in fierce strife, Said to them, "Peace, be still!" Speak gently! 'tis a little thing Dropp'd in the heart's deep well: The good, the joy which it may bring, Eternity shall tell! I

COURAGE IX WOMEN. I There is a branch of general education which is not thought at all necessary for women as regards which, indeed, it is well if they are not brought up to cultivate the opposite. Women are not taught to be courageous. Indeed, to some persons, courage may seem to be as unnecessary for women as Latin and Greek. Yet there are few things that would tend to make women happier in themselves and more acceptable to those with whom they live, than courage. There are many women of the present day, sensible women in other things, whose panic terrors are a frequent source of discomfort to themselves and those around them. Now, it is a great mistake to imagine that hardiness must go with courage and that the bloom of gentleness and sympathy must all be rubbed off by that vigour of mind which gives presence of mind, enables a person to be useful in peril, and makes the desire to assist overcome that sickliness of sensibility which can only contemplate distress and difficulty. So far from courage being unfeminine, there is a peculiar grace and dignity in those beings who have little active power of attack or defence, passing through danger with a moral courage equal to that of the strongest. We see this in great things. We perfectly appreciate the sweet and noble dignity of an Anne Bullen, a Mary Queen of Scots, or a Marie Antoinette. We see that it is grand for these delicately-bred, high-nurtured, helpless person- ages to meet death with a silence and a confidence like our own. But there would be a similar dignity in wo- man's bearing small terrors with fortitude. There is no heau'.y in fear. It is a mean, ugly, dishevelled creature. No statue can be made of it that a woman would wish to see herself like. Wornen are pre-eminent in steady endurance of tiresome suffering they need not be far behind men in a becoming courage to meet that which is sudden and sharp. The dangers and the troubles, too, which we may venture to say they now start at unreason- ably, are many of them mere creatures of the imagination --snch as, in their way, disturb high-mettled animals brought up to see too little, and therefore frightened at any leaf blown across the road. We may be quite sure that, without losing any of the most delicate and refined of feminine graces, women may be taught not to give way to unreasonable fears, which should belong no more to the fragile than to the robust.—Friends in Council. THE S11, E N T-Y 0 V NG-I.A D Y li 0 li F.. Undisputed bore as the woman is who talks a great deal in support of by no means feminine views, there is an almost equal amount of unpleasantness about the woman who will say nothing at all in support of any views whatever, masculine or feminine. And this species of bore haunts every drawing-room, every hall-room; comes simpering, an insipid lump of pretty stupidity, into every dinner and tea party, perpetrated in and out of the season. The silent woman" is generally repre- sented by a young not very long out. She is oftener pretty than ugly; for your really very plain girls feel that, as their features say nothing for them, they must say some- thing for their features. Hence they make a struggle to be agreeable. The tongue-tied, however, trusts to the passive charms of eyes which do not kindle, and lips which do not speak. The silent young lady is the most impracticable of creatures you never interest her. Talk to her of a concert, or of a battle, not a muscle of the pretty face stirs; it's all the same. And here it may be remarked that if you are not clever at monopolylogiie, a tete-a-tete with the tongue-tied young lady is a very dreadful thing. Sometimes she is linked for the dreary length of a quadrille to a young gentlemen of mild faculties and uncreative imagination. The struggle for something to say on the part of the male animal then becomes something tragic. It goe3 on in this style:- "Ah—ah—ahem. Fond of dancing?" "Ye—ye—yes." Ah-so-ah-am I." An awful pause, during which the young man is torn with secret pangs, and looks with feroci- ous envy on his vis-a-vis and he rattling pleasantly away together. The silent young lady seems by no means put out, but dances on in a business-like and meritorious manner. Fresh effort. Ah—ah—ahem—these rooms ai-e-very hot." "Ve—ve—very." Longer pause than the first. Great and unsuccessful struggle for a new topic, during which the quadrille ends the young gen- tleman deposits his partner on a chair, and slinks into a quiet corner, where he smiles affably, and amuses himself by drawing on and off his gloves. It is a very awful thing to be entrusted with the care of a silent young lady during dinner. Your perplexities commence with the soup. Yon determine to give her a chance—to try if any topic will act as a pick to the padlock of her lips. You start then from soup. Talking of soups sets you off on your friend Soyer, the most admirable of cooks, and the most genuine of good fellows. Soyer brings up the Reform Cltib-Refoyin Club politics in general. Politics in general—say, Portuguese politics- Portuguese politics the Queen of Portugal. That royal lady leads to sweetmeats—sweetmeats to the Carnival— the Carnival to Italy—Italy to the fine arts—the fine arts to Landseer-Landseer to dogs—dogs to anecdotes of instinct—instinct to the dead elephant at the Zoological —the defunct Jack to India-India to China—China to squeezing the ladies' feet-ladies' feet to ladies' han:ls— ladies' hands to hands in general—hands in general to Byron-Byron to Greece—and Greece to Egypt; so that by the time the fish is disposed of you are standing on the top of a pyramid, having started from the rim of a soup plate. But 'tis all in vain. Your eloquence has been merely interlarded here and there with a Lor or a "Yes'" or a "Dear me," or—but that is a long flight-a feeble You don't say so." You might as well have been talking to the plump cast of Joan of Arc, on which your eye is resting in despair. You give up the ltttenipt.-Natu)-al History of Bores, by A. B. Rc-ach. THE LION-TAMER AND HIS FOLLOWER. An American paper, the Boston Atlas, tells the fol- lowing strange story, on the faith of a correspondent— who should take to the writing of psychological romances As long since as the time when Carter, the celebrated tamer of wild Deasts, who has recently died in London, ga\e exhibitions in Paris, they spoke ot an American who followed him in all his journeys and was regularly present at all his exhibitions. The Ame- rican, whose profile has been drawn by Eugene Sue in one of his romances, was an original character, a millionaire and a blase, whom the hope of enjoying a strange pleasure attached to the footsteps of the beast- tamer. One day, in one of the principal clubs of London, he made wagers with twenty different persons, that, in the end Carter would be devoured by his beasts. His adversaries had chances of a natural or accidental death. The wager of the American, which was recorded on the registry of the club, with the signatures of all the parties, amounted to sixty thousand pounds sterling. The sum made the bet a very important one, and yet it was not on that account that our American occupied himself with it. It was not to watch over his million and a half of francs that he followed Carter with such indefatigable assiduity. He cared little for the pecuniary profit; it was the fact that interested him. He would willingly have given up the stakes to have witnessed the winning of his bet. Persuaded that Carter must perish under the teeth of a lion or a tiger, he wished to be present at that bloody catastrophe. It required this hope to keep alive his failing curiosity. That single thought em- ployed all his ardour; the expectation to witness the death of a man devoured by his own wild beasts. This curiosity, this desire, had become in him a perfect passion. He lived only in the hope, the expectation, of the fortunate moment when he could witness the mar- tyrdom of Carter. For ten years did he follow that man with a perseverance that nothing could discourage. His post-chaise journeyed over the high roads behind the large waggon which transported these ferocious beasts. He lodged in the same inns with these terrible guests. He was present at the feeding of the lions and tigers, and was regularly by when the keeper gave his lessons and made his exhibitions. He did not miss on a single occasion he was on the look-out for the least peril, and at the hour of the public exhibition he put himself in the first ranks, in a side box on the lower floor, to witness the catastrophe as near as possible. An excellent opera- glass brought him nearer still. He lost not a single movement of the animal; awaiting the moment when his natural ferocity, allayed for the time by his tamer, would return with a rush. Carter knew him well, as also his expectation, and took it all in good part; so magnanimous was he, and so much had his habit of associating with lions and tigers rendered hun indulgent towards sanguinary appetites. Every time he entered the place of exhibition Carter would mechanically look towards the box of the American with a significant si-riile which the inflexible spectator would return with an air that seemed to say, See if it is not this time.' This exhibition over, the patient American would put his opera-glass back into its case and withdraw, saying, Well, it may be the next time.' Sometimes he would make this reflection loud enough for Carter to hear him and the magnanimous beast-tamer would smile at a wish so naively uttered. In the course of his long waiting the American has had but one moment of semi-emotion. This was last vear. One day when the favourite lion of Carter, forgetful of the lessons of clemency that had been inculcated, and resuming his natural character, employed his teeth and scratched his keeper a little— although the American encouraged the lion all he could with his looks, his motions, and his voice, Carter suc- ceeded in recalling him to order, and restoring him to a proper calmness and gentleness. This incident served, however, to encourage the American, showing him how many chances there were of the event he anticipated. He hoped now, more than ever,—when one day he learned that Carter had been taken dangerously ill. Im- mediately the American ran to the best physicians in London he took them to the wild-beast tamer, whom he surrounded with the most devoted and intelligent medical care. It was all in vain Carter sank under the attack. In despair, not so much at having lost his bet as at having to renounce the hope of contemplating the martyrdom of Carter, and of seeing him serve as a meal to hi* own wild beasts, the American blew his brains out in lite Park of St. JAHICS."

RENT AND RATE RESISTANCE IN IRELAND. I [From the Atlas ] I An objection to payment is apparently a chronic disease in the sister country, and by no means limited in its operation. The talent both of landlords and tenants is shown to marvellous advantage when anything is to be received the paying back constitutes the great difficulty. That sundry boards of guardians and landlords deem it a grievous thing to obey the behests of Poor-law Commissioners, in striking a rate for the relief of the destitute, is less wonderful than that they should calculate on enjoying the exclusive benefits of this course. They protest against the required dis- bursements as an impossibility but the absolute proof of the fact is to come. Tenants, too, have their notions on the subject, and not a few of them found it as ruin- ous to pay rents as the landlords to pay rates. In Tip- perary this spirit of resistance has been strongly manifested; and by the law of reaction it is not likely to diminish. Landlords must not hope to have the luxury of non-payment all to themselves. It is a ques- tion of rents as well as rates. With what sort of grace can landlords enforce the one, when their speeches teem with exhortations to refuse the other ? Tenants, from their known poverty of means, would have the best of the argument. If they do not pay, doubtless it is often enough because they cannot. Will it encourage them to try to meet the claims of their landlords, when they find the latter constantly struggling against the demands of the Government, and seeking to evade the obligations which the state of society imposes ? At present our remarks apply but to a small section of the landlord body. The danger lies in the spreading of the notion that it is possible to refuse the funds needful for the relief of destitution, and at the same time prevent the downward application of the principle. Distressed tenants will find means to better the instruction" of their landlords after a fashion which it will be difficult to controvert. A general resistance to rents may be hard to carry out, but it will be better not to offer even a remote precedent for the attempt. There is law for all, and the plea of poverty for a refusal of rates will always sound less credible than a similar plea for a denial of rents. The Irish landlords have learned so many lessons lately with regard tn the social condi- tion of the people, that we cannot doubt they will in due time digest this also. They cannot receive without taking upon themselves the responsibility of giving in proportion to the necessity of the immediate pressure around them. Should they decide other>vise, tiiere is the surgit amari aliquid, in the shape of a resistance to rents, to remind them of their duty, and avenge its neglect. Out of a rental which Lord George Bentinck has estimated at seventeen millions, it will not be found quite so hard a matter as they represent to extract three or four millions for the support of the poor. [From the Spectator.] The difficulty of levying rates towards the expenses of supporting the destitute in Ireland places the executive in a" fix." The law is, that certain payments shall be charged upon the land for the maintenance of the destitute, and be levied forthwith and as England has made a free gift to Ire land of more than a corresponding amount, the law is equitable as well as regular in form but the landlords in Ireland are panic-stricken at the way in which their rental is engulfed in demands for poor-rate; boards of guardians, in daily augmenting numbers, decline even to assess the requisite rates, on the plea that those already assessed cannot be collected, and there seems really to be a very perplexing difficulty in pronouncing whence the money for satisfying the collectors is to come. The law is imperative, but there is no cash. It is a pity that the Irish generally arc contumacious, rebellious, idle. and shuffling because, if their story of hard necessity is to be believed,all that active and insolent obstruction is surplusage. They avow pauperism in the language of robbers, and provoke coercion by their manner of offering excuses. Their de- meanour imposes a very needless increase of difficulty on the executive. It is bad enough to be charged with the execution of a law which is impossible of fulfilment but when those who are to come under the operation of that law resort to language of defiance, authority is piqued to vindicate its rights and its power, and mercy is made by the mode of claiming it to wear the aspect of coward weakness. Nor is this all. The position is so false that it lends a false colouring to all the circum- stances. The champion of dishonesty and voluntary bankruptcy assumes the attitude of patriotism the asserter of equitable claims is viewed as a spoiler law and lawlessness change places in the popular regard. It is a bad sign when we see influential journals of the upper classes assuming a revolutionary tone, like that of a respectable- Conservative paper in Dublin, and of what may be called the Irish paper in London, which has become a repeal organ of the orange stamp. ANTI-RENT MOVEMENT IN IRELAND.—The people in many districts in this county, says the Kinq's County Chronicle, and the county of Tipperary, are still evincing a determination not to pay rent, although, for many years, they have not had so abundant a harvest; yet they undisguisedlv declare their unwillingness to meet their engagements. From the faith worthy reports that have reached us, we fear that a conspiracy has been entered into to deprive the landlords of their rights. In several instances, formidable bodies of the peasantry assemble by night, not a few of whom are armed with deadly weapons, and in a few hours, reap and carry off large quantities uf corn. In one instance, last week, in the barony of Lower Ormond, 50 acres of grain crop were cut down, and the greater portion of it was carried into this county. The object of the lawless gang was to evade its seizure for two and a half years' rent. In some places many tenants are appre- hensive that if they set lie their rents they will be visited by the conspirators, and suffer injury not only in person but in property. The Irish Poor-law Commissioners have found it necessary to dissolve the Board ot Guardiuis of the union of Lowtherston, chiefly in the county of Ferma- nagh, but partially extending into Tyrone and Donegal. Those guardians having persevered in their refusal to make the necessary rate, the commissioners have ap- pointed two paid guardians, who are at once to enter upon their duties. The circumstances of this union are well deserving of attention. The population, according to the last census, was 34,963. The work- house was built to accommodate 400 persons. The number in the house on the 1st of January, 1816, was only 44. The net annual value of the property rated on the union is £ 43,944. The amount of poor-rate collected in the month of July was £ 123. I'tie amf)tiiit disbursed by the treasurer in that month was JL213. The amount of rate uncollected at the close of last July was £ 463 the amount then due by the guardians was £ .562. The amount of poor-rate collected in the first five nionthr., ending 31st July last, was £ 958. The amount of the debt of the union on that day was JE880. These figures serve to show how very small the poor- rate expenditure has been in this union, in proportion to the rated valuation of the property. Fever and dysentery prevail to a very great extent throughout the islan(I, and among all classes of the population. On Wednesday an application was made by the ifnance committee of one division of Dublin for the erection of she ls for 700 more patients; and while 3,000 "ill be accommodated in the various hospitals and sheds, hundreds are still lying ill at their own houses.

ARPALLING COLLISION AT SFA.-O'F HUNDRED AND SEVENI Y-TWO LIVES LOST.—The Boston, U.S. papers, 17th Aug., annonnce-The ship Shanunya, which arrived at that port on the previous evening from Liverpool, reports that on Monday morning, the 9th inst., at one o'clock, in lat. 4425, longitude 58-30, the weather being foggy, she came in contact with the Swedish barque Iduml. from Hamburg for New York, with 206 persons on board. The Iduna sank in about half an hour. Immediately after the collision the Shanunga's boats were put out, and with one boat from the barque, picked up 34 persons only. One hundred and sevent y-two perpons, including the master, Captain Earnest Andreas Moberg, were lost. 1,500 dollars were subscribed at Boston in two days for the relief of the survivors. STATE OF THE COTTON TitADE.-The uneasy feeling of the manufacturers is at last developing itself pretty generally in attempts to reduce wages—the long, much fparedlesult of the stagnation of trade; and it wag stated at Manchester that notices had been issued by manufac- turers of a positive reilufilion of prices at Mosley, Ashton, and Stockport. At Mosley the hands are said to have met and to have conic to a resolution to resit the attempt, and to prefer standing idle for a time. At Manchester, a private meeting was held at the offices of Mr. Heron, solicitor to the Cotton Spinners' Union, which was called by circular. A number of manufac- turers were present at the opening, but it was explained that the intention was merely to have convened the secretaries of the various district branches, and these official gentlemen were consequently left to do the busi- ness. The meeting being a private one, no detailed account of what was done could be obtained; but it was stated that one of the objects was to consider the proposal of the operatives, made several weeks ago, for a suspension of labour in preference to a reduction of priees and letters were read from J. Wilson Patten, Esq., M.P., and Charles Hindley, Esq., M.P., recom- mending the adoption of the plan suggested by the operatives. The operatives have issued another address, in which, addresing their fe llow-workmen and work- women, they say, with a depression of trade and bleak winter approaching, the question arises, "Whatcnn we do for the best ?" They say that they have seldom had occasion to compliment their masters; but all must be convinced that throughout the whole of this crisis there has breii (with a few exceptions) no wish to reduce wages, but, on the contrary, a disposition to stave off the evil some other vray. A complete cessation of la- bour for a few weeks, they say, is a serious thing for many of them, when high-priced food and short time have rendered them less able to meet such ordeal; but if the interest of their country demand it, they hope there is public virtue enough in every man, woman, and child, to make the sacrifice and they call upon the working people to meet coming events with equa- nimity and British fortitude." THE MISEIII.ES OF A MARRIED IAsox.-I once heard a poor fellow complain that, being a free- mason, he had been led the life of a dog by his wife, as if he were a Samson and she a Delilah, with the pur- pose of forcing him to betray the masonic secret and sign and these he solemnly protested he hud betrayed, most regularly and faithfully, whenever he happened to be drunk. But what did he get for his goodness All the return he ever had for the kindness of this invariable treachery was a word too common, I regret to say, oil female lips, namely, Fiddlededee and he declared, with tears in his eyes, that peace for him was out of the question until he could find out some plausible falsehood that might prove more satisfactory to his wife's mind than the UuiU. — Tait't Magazine.

THE CANADIAN SHIP-FEVER. I [From the Times.] I The great Irish famine and pestilence will have a place in that melancholy series of similar calamities to which historians and poets have contributed so many harrowing details and touching expressions. Did Ire- land possess a writer endued with the laborious truth of Thucydidos, the graceful felicity of Virgil, or the happy invention of De Foe, the events of this miserable year mightjbe quoted by the scholars, for ages to corne, toe- ther with the sufferings of the pent-up multitudes of Athens, the distempered plains of northern Italy, or the hideous ravages of our own great plague. But Time is ever improving on the past. There is one horrible feature of the reeut, not to say the present, visitation which is entirely new. The fact of more than a hundred thousand souls flying from the very midst of the cala- mity across a great ocean to a new world, crowding into insufficient vessels, scrambling for a footing on a deck and a berth in a hold, committing themselves to these worse than prisons, while their frames were wasted with ill-fare and their blood infected with disease, fighting for months of unutterable wretchedness against the elements without and pestilence within, giving almost hourly victims to the deep, landing at length on shores already terrified and diseased, consigned to encampments of the dying and of the dead, spreading death wherever they roam, and having no other prospect before them than a long continuance of these horrors in a stiil farther flight across forests and lakes under a Canadian sun and a Canadian frost, all these are circum- stances beyond the experience of the Greek historian or the Latin poet, and such as an Iri,h pestilence alone could pioduce. By the end of the season there is iittie doubt that the immigration into Canada alone will have amounted to 100,000 nearly all from Ireland. We know the condition in which these poor creatures em- barked on their perilous adventure. They were only tlyin frolll one form of death. On the authority of the' Montreal Board of Health we are enabled to state that they were allowed to ship in numbers two or three times greater than the same vessels would have presumed to carry to a United States port. The worst horrors of that slave trade which it is the boast or the ambition of this empire to suppress, at any cost, have been re- enacted in the flight of British subjects from their native shores. In Lilly ten vessels that arrived at Mon- treil in July, fojr from Cork and six from Liverpool, out of 4,127 passengers, 804 had died on the passge, and 817 were sick on their arrival; that is, 847 were visibly diseased, for the result proves that a far larger number had in them the seeds of disease. The Larch," says the Board of Health on August 12, "reported this morning from Sligo, sailed with 440 passengers, of whom 108 died on the passage, and 150 were sick. The Vi rg,ni,,s' sailed with 496-158 died on the passage, 186 were sick, and the remainder landed feeble and totteriiig-tlie captain, mates, and crew were all sick. The Black Hole of Calcutta was a mercy compared to the holds of these vessels. Yet simultaneously, as if in reproof of those on whom the blame of all this wretch- edness must fall, foreigners, Germans from Hamburgh and Bremen, are daily artiving, all healthy, robust, and cheerful." This vast unmanageable tide of population thus thrown upon Montreal, like the fugitives from some bloody defeat, or devastated country, has been greatly augmented by the prudent, and we must add, most necessary precautions adopted in time by the United States, where more stringent sanitary regula- tions, enforced by severer penalties, have been adopted to save the ports of the Union from those very horrors which a paternal Government has suffered to fall upon Montreal. Many of these pest ships have been obliged to alter their destination, even while at sea, for the St. Lawrence. At Montreal a large proportion of these outcasts have lingered from sheer inability to proceed. The inhabitants of course have been infected. From the odicial returns of burials at Montreal, for the nine weeks ending August 7, it appears that in the city there died during that period 924 residents and 306 emigrants, rnaking a total of 1,730 deaths. Besides these, 1,510 emigrants died at the sheds, making a grand total of 3,240 in the city of Montreal and its extempore Laza. retto against only 488, including residents and emi- grants, for the corresponding weeks last year, A still more horrible sequel is to come. The survivors have to wander forth and find homes. Who can say how many will perish on the way, or the masses of houseless, famished, and half-naked wretches that will be strewed on the inhospitable snow when a Canadian winter once sets in? Of these awful occurrences some account mitst be given. Historians and politicians will home day sift and weigh the conflicting narrations anù docu- ments of this lamentable year, and pronounce, with or without affection, how much is due to the inclemency of heaven.and how much to the cruelty, heaitlessness, or improvidence of man. The boasted institutions and spirit of this empire are on trial. They are weighed in the balance. Famine andpe.stitenee are at the gates, and a consciencc-stricken nation might almost fear to see the writing on the wall." We are forced to con- fess that, whether it be the fault of our laws or our men, this new act in the terrible drama has not been met as humanity and common sense would enjoin. The re- sult was quite within the scopc of calculation and even of cure. But simple as precaution was, what has been done ? In the first place, our usual regulations as to the proportions of passengers to tonnage are la$enough. Then, it appears that British vessels bound,to Canada, owing to the recent repeal of a former enactment, nred not, and do not, take out surgeons. Then, as a correspondent informs us, the inspectors appointed ;o sre that emigrant ships chartered from British ports observed such regu- lations as there are, have generally failed in their duty. Into this part of the business we hope that Parliament will tlot omit to inquire. Further, notwithstanding the assurances given to the Legislature last session, it is quite cleiir that due preparation has not been made at the colony. As the Montreal Board of Health justly complains, there have been no adequate funds, or even competent aothority, ptovided for the crisis; the estitt)- lishment at Grosse Isle has been ridiculously insuffi- cient, nor have any measures whatever been adopted or thought of tor the transmission of the helpless and des- titute crowd beyond Montreal, much less for their employment and settlement. Such neglect is an eternal scandal to the British name nor do we see any way to escape the opprobrium of a national inhumanity, except by takin the earlic8t and most effective means to rectify by taking the eariicst and most pnfctive means to rectify «>

LANDLORDS AND LEASES. I [From the At!a..] I At an agricultural meeting the other day in Suffolk, Lord Stradbroke touched upon a very peculiar evil in our social system. He pointed out a class of Jesuits not usually reckoned among the disciples of Ignatius Loyola we mean certain leaders among the landed aristocracy, who affecting to possess the entire affections of their tenantry, sccretly, nevertheless, regard them with extreme apprehension. In what light we ought to viewthis class of landlords it is difficult to decide. That they arc lIot wholly without public spirit must be admitted, since we behold them sacrificing their private interest in conformity with the principles inculcated by their particular theory of politics. They suffer their lanrl in many cases to be waste, and voluntarily circum- scribe their incomes in order that they may reserve to themselves the power to direct the consciences or coerce the actions (,f their tenants. But the events now taking place in the world, the modification of the economical philosophy of all civilized states, and the universal subordination of the ornamental to the useful, rendered imperatively by the illterual con- dition of society, will probably induce our bucolic statesmen to abandon their ancient system of tactics, and regulate their proceedings more in accordance with the maxims of common sense. They now perceive very clearly that they must henceforth make their election between gains and glory, bet weell. enjoying a septennial triumph throughout the kingdom over the class of tenant farmers, and acquiring a large amount of the elements of suhstantÍ<,1 power in the shape of increased rents. Even the ingenuity of Sir Robert Peel could not point out any third course being of use to them. They must cither bestow political independence on the farmer by granting him a long lease, or content themselves with such miserable returns as estates ill-culti- vated, ill-drained, and ill-manured, can be expected to make. The foreknowledge that they would be inevitably ex- posed to the necessity of making this choice by the establishment of free-trade, constituted one of their most powerful reasons for clinging to their old system of monopoly. Piotecled agriculture felt that it would afford to the slovenly but a system of tillage which is exposed to the competition of the wjrcde world, but must be an economical spHerli, Of il. will prove altogether wanting in the hour of trial. The Protectionist journals, too proud to abandon their errors, though convinced of their fallacy, or too obtuse of intellect to be susceptible of conviction, still continue to console themselves for their defeat by attributing the present derangement of trade, and the probable difficulties of the agriculturists, to the influence of the political economy actually in the ascendancy. It would seem to be beyond their capacity to understand how the folly of the landed aristocracy multiplies and imparts fresh intensity to the em- barrassment of the country by preventing us from making the most of our own soil, and disturbing to the utmost of their power our relations with the foreign growers. Oue thing, however, we will venture to urge on the attention of our rural politidans-viz., that the last intrenchments of monopoly will, in all likelihood, be carried in the ensuing session of parliament by the abolition of the navigation laws, when the Btitish husbandman, with all his ignorance and obstinacy, will be left to contend naked and unarmed against the inhabitants of the Mississippi Valley, the cultivators of the Russian Steppes, and the boors of Poland and Germany. And in this contest he will inevitably be worsted, if, while he is manfully facing the toe, he be taken in flank by his own landlord- It is quite enough for him to have to contend with competition from without, which, however active, he may overcome but if he be at the same time subjected to all kinds of obstructions and discouragements from within, his overthrow cannot be doubted. They, therefore, are tht; true friends of domestic agriculture who counsel the landlords to grant long leases to their tenants, the con- ditions of which may be such as to ensure the greatest possible improvement of the land and the employment of the largest number of workmen, consistent with the interest of the farmer. Lord Stradbroke and the members of the East Suffolk Agricultural Association are conscious of the existence of the evil to which they desire to direct public atten- tion. Throughout large tracts of country the traveller they said, might observe buildings falling to decay, lauds not producing half the crop they were capable of bearing, a tenantry impoverished, and the poor over- whelmed wiih distress. In seeking the cause of this state of tilings, they did not take refuge in the usual common place of the Protectionists they said nothing of Messrs. Cobden and Bright,—nothing of the Anti- Coni-Law-League,— nothing of free-trade. No they boldly put the saddle on the right horse, and attributed the whole to the landlords. Experience and observation had taught them that farmers could not in justice to their own families expend their capital on Linus in the possession of which they were not secured by leases. Under such circumstances, the utmost men have been expected to do is to strike a nice balance between their exertions and their chances of profit, and to effect the least posible improvement consistent with the production of a remunerative crop. But if the great body of landlords throughout the empire be desirous of placing British agriculture on its proper basis, and of giving it the means of contending successfully with the agriculture of other countries, where the superior fertility of the soil more than com- pensates for the inferior skill of the husbandman, they must consult to forego the privilege of driving their tenants like cattle to the polling booth, and submit to behold them take the rank of the free men and receive the rights conferred on them by the constitution. Until this shall be done, all the classes engaged in the culti- vation of the soil must continue to occupy the most unfavourable position. The farmer who has no lease uses the least jios.-ible manuie, drains no more than he can help, and employs the fewest hands that will enable him to sow and reap. Give him, however, a long hold on his farm, and his w hole system will be changed. He will then behold his own interest identitied with its im- provement, will invest the necessary amount of capital in the soil, and gather round him a body of labourers whom he will enable to live in comfort. In this way a large section of the population now floating, rather dis- contented and eager for change, will become fixed, and, as it were, engrafted on the land that gave them birth. They will look neither to the Union workhouse nor to the distant colony for bread. There will be a diminution of poor-rates, and an inert ase of that homely morality which grows out of abundance and contentment. You cannot have a virtuous or respectable peasantry while you condemn them to indigence. A full belly is one of the best of moral teachers. To arrive, however, at these results, the landed aristocracy must consent to abandon the power of regulating county elections, and give free play to the popular principle. That they cannot coerce the minds of their tenants they have already dis- covered, and it now remains for them to reconcile them- selves to the fact, and endeavour to console themselves with improved reverence for the loss of political influence. THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM AND HIS CREDITORS. —The state of this nobleman's affairs has for some time formed a topic of conversation, and his embarrassments have become so public that no secrecy is now considered necessary upon the subject. The creditors of the Duke have been trying to bring his personal property to the hammer, and to divide amongst them what little could be obtained by the sale of the valuable effects of the ducal residence, Stowe and Wotton in Bucks, Avington in Hampshire, and Buckingham-house and Chandos- house in London. They estimated that the value of the pictures, furniture, plate, wines, &c., in these mansions would be between £ 50,000 and £ 100,000. Operations were consequently commenced, and in the latter end of August an execution was put into Buckingham-house for a sum of E20,000, for which a verdict had been obtained at the last assizes at Devizes. This was imme- diately followerl by other executions in Stowe, Wotton, and Avington, (the house in Chandos-strect being oc- cupied by the Atisti-iat, eiiibagsy). Thc total nmount of the Duke's debts is stated at between EI,750,000 and 1: 1,800,000. When the officers in charge of Buckingham- house were about to seize the furniture, &c., it was intimated to them that the Duke had assigned over the whole of his eifects, down to his wearing apparel, wines, &c.. to his eldest son, in satisfaction of a claim which he had against his -foilier, and winch would be preferred to the claims of his creditors. The sheriff was then requested to leave the house, but this he refused to do, and an application was made luhe judge at chambers, when it was argued that the deed of assignment was void as against the creditors, and that the distress was legal. The judge decided that the sheriff should remain in possession until security was given for the amount of the levies, and directed issues to be tried between the parties to test the validity of the various claims, so as to bring the whole question before the Court. — Observer. DUCAL DIFFICULTIES.—Th? hardness of the times is pressing on the upper as well as the inferior ranks of society. Corn-speculators are not the only distressed class, a fact which may bo comforting to them, though they gain nothing by it. We read now of the I- diffi- culties" of noble dukes as well as dealers in merchan- dise; and unlike the latter, the date of the origin of such difficulties seems rather distant. With regard to the particular duke ailuded to, the only manel is that the fact should be given as news. There are journals, however, which seem to pride themselves upon stale intelligence. The only freshness about the fact in question is found in the late proceedings of the cre- ditors. The position of the duke himself, we apprehend, was an established fat, albeit it may now assume a more melancholy aspect than usual. The" personals" are probably gone for ever the carriages are driven off under the guidance of Jehus of the Jewish order, and even the poultry-yard has not been spared, The last incident is almost pathetic-, though the ducks and geese of a duke, we dare avouch, will be good eating, To attach" a fat goose, of the duke's special feeding, may prove a rare Michaelmas reminiscence for his creditors. There was some speculation among the uninitiated, when the pflrag;r:Jph appeared, as to whieh noble duke was in the lamentable state indicated but the Times on Tuesday benevolently removed all doubt by telling the world that Baron Rothschild, in his capacity of lliszli Sheriff of Buckinghamshire, was bound to put the writs in force. Matters consequently have gone to extremities a composition would, of course, compromise the ducal character. Truly the II sell up" of a duke, coupled with the smashes" in the city, will by some persons be regarded as a sign of something rotten in the state of Deiiiiiark.Atl(is. POPULAK ERRORS —" Union is not always strength," as Sir Charles Napier observed, when lie sakw the purser mixing his rum with water.-

NATIONAL EDUCATION BY INFANT SCHOOLS. I From the Morning Chronicle. I From an official announcement it appears that infant schools are to be taken into connexion with the Privy Council, under the general regulations which apply to girls' schools. The training school of the Home and Colonial Infant School Society, in Grays-inn-road, is to be i-ecogiiized as one of those from which candidate teachers will be admitted to examination before Govern- ment Inspectors for certificates of competency, and a report upon that institution by Mr. E. C. Tufnell, re- ceiitly published, may be consideied as containing the information on which this resolution is grounded. Mr. Tufnell's report is an interesting and very satisfactory document. It fully justifies, as it seems to us, the sanction given by the Committee of Privy Council to the institution in quc-tion, and at the same time suggests considerations well worthy of the attention of the Legislature, as showing that in the actual circumstances of this country infant schools, and schools carrying out the same principles for children under ten years of age, may be the most efficient instruments within our reach for the education of the people. However strongly we may feel the necessity of a complete school system, it is obvious that there are certaill facts in the actual con- dition and habits of the people which must limit all our operations. One of these facts is the age at which the children of the working class usually leave school. It is found that their attendance cannot be relied upon after they become ten years old. Many may and do continue at school after that age, but in the majority of cases the young eyes and young fingers are then called upon to take their part in the business of life. The fact is a melancholy one, and would be still more deplorable if it were necessary to believe it permanent. We cannot think that it need be or will be permanent; but any change must take place slowly, and in the mean time we must deal with facts as we find them. The children of the poor may, at all events, be brought under system- atic and enlightened care from the time that they begin to speak until they are ten years old. The early termi- nation of the school period makes these first years of immense importance. Could not the opportunity be so used as to produce very important and very lasting effects on the morals and intelligence of the mass of the community? We think those who examine into the subject will not hesitate to answer in the affirmative. There is, however, a prejudice against this conclusion, arising from the abuses and quackeries that have taken place in connexion with infant schools, which requires a word of notice. An infant school, in the hands of a clever person, is in the view of many, an intellectual hot- bed, an apparatus for forcing the growth of mind, and of which, therefore, the natural fruits are a precocious childhood, and a feeble maturity. We must say that we go very far in agreement with this view; but instead of justifying an indiscriminate prejudice against infant schools, the fact seems to us only to show that a princi- ple very powerful in its operation has been abused in the hands of the half-educated and the ambitious. The collection of very young children into large bodies operates as a stimulus, just like the assemblage of adults, and the power of excitement which it gives to a teacher may be used for purposes of mischievous dis- play; but there is no necessity that the power, which is real and considerable, should be used so injuriously. There is no reason why every infant school should not be, as has been said, a well-regulated nursery," the object of superintendence being to prevent injury to health, to form habits, to control the out-breaks of passion, and to aid the natural developement of intelli- gence, without forcing it, by kindling the fierce fires of emulation and the love of applause. No care of this kind, no domestic management, can be had by the children of the poor in their own homes. The mother who labours for her bread must, for the most part, leave those of her offspring who are too young to work to the chance education of the lanes and alleys. By means of infant schools, however, such children might be brought for six oi- seven hours daily, under kind and judicious superintendence, in clean and wholesome apartments. Would not this be an inestimable boon to the working class ? It would break up no domestic habit, it would sever no natural tie. It would be merely placing within reach of the poor an advantage which even mothers of large families who have wealth and leisure can fully ap- preciate. If the infant-school system, however, is to be made as useful to the poor as it may be, without leading to an unwholesome tampering with the powers of the infant brain, it is indispensable that the teachers should be carefully trained, and that whatever encouragement is given to the training of teachers should be so ex- tended as to include the mistresses of infant schools. We are strongly inclined to think that the object of the system would be always best answered by employing wornrn rather than men ns teachers of such schools. Schools like the juvenile school of the Home and Colo- nial Society, in vVhich the children are from seven to ten years of age, may with advantage be put under masters; but infant schools, properly so called, containing the youngest children who can be sent away from Imme, re- quire a minuteness of care and a lIIilduess and genlle- ness of government for which women are best fiued. Whatever am )uitt of knowledge and system are requisite may be just as easily acquired by a mistress as by a master, where the proper opportunities of training arc afforded; and from the unfortunate paucity of employ- ments for women, it would be easier, by a given amount of salary, to obtain within a reasonable time a sufficient uuniber of competent females, than of males, for the management of infant schools. It may be remarked, that where infant M.IIOOIS are most perverted from their proper purpose, the evil springs from the ambition of masters prompting them to make a show of intellectual attainment. Men are somewhat impatient, of that slow and gentle method of development which nature oh- serves in unfolding the powers of the infant mind, and they are tempted to hasten it hv intellectual action of too injurious a character. A woman has naturally far more sympathy with young children, and therefore, when properly prepared by education, is their safest in- structor. It is no trifling recommendation of the infant- school system, that the arrangements with regard to it do not plunge us very deeply into the perplexities of religious controversy. Even here, indeed, we are not free from them, hut they are less obstructive in the path of practical good than we are accustomed to find them. It is admitted that creeds and catechisms are not exactly the best means of communicating the first religious ideas. Habits of action may be formed, and feeling ex- cited, in the first years of life, but nature stubbornly refuses to have anything to do with doctrines. The eternal controversy between Church and Dissent, there- fore, may happily be forgotten in the infant school. There is no religious truth which a sensible man would teach in such a school that the children of churchmen and dissenters might not learn together. Mr. Tufnell states that the late Archbishop of Canterbury expressed his disapproval of the introduction of the Church of England Catechism into an infant school in his diocese, when applied to on the subject. It is to be hoped that the opinion has the sanction of his successor. The Home and Colonial Society, though the majority of its students in training belong to the Church, is conducted on the principle that there is such a thing as a common Christianity, and upon this basis it is said by Mr. Tufnell to possess the confidence of all parties. It is a pity that we cannot go a little farther, and carry our mutual charity a step or two beyond the walls of the infant school.

Winnow TAX.—We believe it is now pretty certain that from the 6th of April next, when the current taxes year ends, the window duty will either be entirely re- pealed, or the present number (eight) now chargeable, altered.-Stiii. THE PERSECUTED IRISH LANDLORDS.—According to the statute of William and Mary, landowners were obliged to pay a yearly sum of four shillings for every twenty, which sum increased by a regular ratio with the improved value of landed property but that varying sum was, through selfish management, converted into a fixed annuity. Hence liabilities to taxation in propor- tion to the amount of property were no longer recog- nized; and, accordingly, land paid a very small proportion towards the exigencies of the state. Had the old system been continued—had the land tax been honestly levied, the landlords should have paid up, or rather down,-to the present time £ ^^82,000,000 instead of £ 320,000,000.— Newry Examiner. TREMENDOUS CONFLAGRATION.—A tremendous fire laid in ruins the greater part of Cottenham, a village near Cambridge, noted for the manufacture of cheese. In less than two hours a row of dwelling-houses, with twenty or thirty barns, granaries, outhouses, and up- wards of twenty stacks of wheat, hay, and straw, were in a blaze. The conflagration raged furiously till nearly six o'clock before it was checked. No fewer than fifty buildings, and as many stacks of wheat, &c., have been consumed. It has been stated that the losses ex- ceed £ 30,000. The amount of insurances is not men- tioned. How the calamity originated, no accurate information could be obtained. NEW METHOD OF ERECTING Hous-rs, &c.-A model of a most novel method of erecting houses and other buildings has been exhibited, during the last three or four days, at the Royal Circus, the patent invention of Mr. George. His worship the Mayor, and many of our leading architects and builders who ex- amined the model, we understand expressed their approbation of the plan, by which fire-proof buildings of every description can be erected, and be taken down and removed from one place to another with facility. The principle of the invention is that of iron framing, forming longitudinal grooves, into which slide slabs of slate, so as to form a universal dovetail into each otlier.-Bi-istol Mercury. DISEASED SIIEF.P.-We regret to state that a disease in sheep, of a serious nature, has been introduced into this couiitry by some Merinos brought over from Ham- burgh. It is a cutaneous disease, having something the appearance of small-pox, and it is attended with fever and great prostration of strength. It is highly infec- tious, having been already communicated to the flocks of several persons in the neighbourhood of London, who had bought some of these sheep and permitted them to tnix with those which they had previously. Messrs. Simonds and Morton, of the Veterinary College, have been, during the last three weeks, engaged in attending the diseased animals, and endeavouring to provide a cure. In order to determine to what extent the disease is infectious, a sound sheep was shut up with one which was deceased, in a pen for 12 hours, and then separated, and in ten days from that time the eruption appeared thickly upon the sound animal. The greatest care should he taken by persons purchasing sheep in Smith- tield not to mix them with others and in fact, it would seem to its more prudent not to buy any from thence except for slaughter. The scab is not only a trouble- some disease, but exceedingly prejudicial to the animal; but this new disorder bids fair to be » source of serious low to the lfockma*tw.

HOUSE OF LORDS.Ti-, ESL)AY, SEPTEMBER 21. The Imperial Parliament was prorogued to-day, by writ, to Tuesday, the 12th of October. The proceed- ings were rather singular, the last occasion of a similar prorogation being so long back as the year 1S37. The present Parliament was dissolved on the 23rd of July in the present year, and the writs were returnable on the 21st of the present month (this day.) In the meantime her Majesty, by an Order in Council, was pleased to declare that the Parliament should be pro- rogued by writ to the 12th of October next. Shortly after two o'clock there were present in the House of Lords—the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Denbigh, Lord Shelburne, the Earl of Goaford, Lord Sudeley, and Viscount Acheson. The hour of meeting (two o'clock) having been pre- viously intimated to the officers of the House of Commons, 1\Ir. John Ley, and several of that body, went directly without going into the House of Commons, or expecting any message from the Lords up to the door of the House of Peers, and after a short stay there the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod, J. Pulman, Esq., opening the door, they went up to the bar of the House, when The Lord Chancellor, standing up uncovered, de- clared that her Mnjesty had been pleased to cause a writ to be issued under the Great Seal, proroguing the Parliament to Tuesday, the 12th of October next. Then the writ, which had been previously placed on the table, was read by the clerk. The Deputy Clerk of the Crown then came from the bar, and delivered in at the table the writs and returns, electing the Scotch Representative Peers; and this ended the ceremony of proroguing Parliament. At the conclusion of the proceedings, the Lord Chancellor, after shaking hands with the Peers present, left the House. There were several ladies present.

THE COMMERCIAL CRISIS. In consequence of the failures announced by us last week, several smaller firms have been compelled to stop payment; and one house in the eorn trade at South- ampton (Messrs. Westlake and Co ) excited some re- mark. But it was fully expected that the failure of such houses as those of Gower and Co., and Sanderson and Co., would be attended with more serious conse- quences than these, and many firms of the first standing were freely spoken of as being in difficulty. On Thurs- day these rumours increased, and Consols closed hea- vily. Late in the afternoon there was a report that a west-end bank had stopped, and that some firms of high standing in the City were embarrassed. The truth of the rumours was in some degree thought to be sup- ported by some transactions in the funds after business hours at a decline of a half per cent, from the lowest price during the day. On Friday the cause of this be- came known, it was announced early in the day that the old-established and highly-respectable firm of Reid, Irving and Co., of Tokenhouse-yard, had stopped pay- ment. The principal of the firm, Sir John Rae Reid, is, like Mr. Gower and Mr. Robinson, a Bank Director-, and we have therefore, the extraordinary and unexam- pled fact of three of the leading Directors of the Bank of England suspending payments within a few days of each other. We much fear that this last failure will involve many smaller firiiif, and it is certain to aggra- vate the want of confidence which is now manifesting itself in a decided form. It was publicly stated in the city on Thursday that a banking firm, which was sup- posed to have been put to serious inconvenience by the stoppage of Sanderson and Co., had applied to the Bank, for assistance to enable it to meet the tem- porary pressure on its resources, and that the Bank, knowing how serious any irregularity in such an es- tablishment would be, had granted the required aid. The consequences which must naturally result from such a state of things are very evident. The cash balances of all the London banks will be much reduced by their depositors and customers and it is essential to the preservation of public confidence, and to prevent panic, that the Bank of England should be in a position to afford the bankers assistance if it is asked for, and can prudently be granted. While the restrictions on the Bank's issues remain in force, however, she cannot do this. The Bank Charter Act forbid, her issuing a single note more in such an emergency than at any other time; and, therefore, unless the Bank can con- veniently spare a large sum from her reserve, those who arc pressed by temporary difficulties, and who would otherwise be supported by her, must suspend payments. Will the Government allow this ?—On Thursday, at the half-yearly meeting of the Directors the election of Mr. Morris, as Deputy-Governor of the Bank of England, was confirmed. He slated that a dividend of 4j per cent, would he paid, interest and profits, for the half- year ending the 10th of October next, without any de- duction for income-tax. The sum to be divided among the proprietors is £ 654,878; £ 26,400 is to be added to the Rest," swelling the whole" Rest" up to £ 3,270,754. Mr. Do Winton, alluding to the insol- vency of the gentleman who lately filled the chair, remarked that dining the last eighteen years, out of the nine governors who had held office, six had been in the same unfortunate position, lIe intimated a wish that the Board of Directors should chiefly be composed of persons who had made their fortunes, and had retired from business. Mr. De Wiriton asked whether the Court of Directors would convent a special meeting, to consider the existing bye-laws which regulate the election of directors, governors, and deputy-governors. This proposition was decidedly opposed. Perhaps at some future period this subject will be revived.

THE DL'SE OF BEAUFORT ASD THE COUNTY OF 11 letter has been published, written by the Duke of Beaufort to Mr. Gratorex, in which he denies that he was actuated in the recent contest by any personal feeling against Lord G. Somerset In the course of his letter he says-" I never had the slightest persona l disagreement with Lord Granville in my whole life; but my refusal to support him, and my determina- tion to support another, weie solely and entirely from a feeling of steadfastly adhering to those principles tu which I, and all those of my family who have preceded me, have ever been firmly attached. Mutare vel iinieic s,)crno,' is the motto of my house. By that motto I will stand or fall. I cannot change my princi- ples at the nod or beck of Sir Robert Peel, or any other man. I repeat, therefore, that on public grounds a lone did I determine to oppose the re-election of Lurd Granville Somerset." SALE OF SHAKKSPERK'S HOUSE.-This important event took place on Thursday, at the City Auction Mart, London. The attendance was very numerous, and included several members of the Shakespere Society, and of the several committees interested in the subject. Mr. Robins, the auctioneer, having briefly, but with much ability, directed the attention of the crowded auditory to the circumstances connected with the sale, an offer of E1500 was first made, which was imme- diately advanced to JE2000 by Mr. Butler, of Clapton E2100 was then offered, and, after a shght pause, an offer of L3000 on the part of the Stratford and London committees, organised for the purchase of Shakespere's house, was placed in the hands of the auctioneer. Mr Robins having read the offer aloud, a few moments of anxious suspense ensued, when, no other bidder ap- pearing, they were declared the purchasers at that sum, amidst immense cheering, which clearly displayed the gratification felt by all present. Several interestiag i lots connected with the property were afterwards sold, and among them three visitors' books of autographs were purchased for the sum of seventy guineas, by Mr. Butler, of Clapton. DESTRUCTIVE FIRE N ri, R Itoss.-On Thursday night a fire, supposed to be the work of an incendiary, broke out upon the farm of Mr. Robert Verry, at Ever- son, near Ross, which destroyed all the outbuildings, eleven stacks of corn and hay, and property of the value Of 1:1100. The flames were not extinguished at 10 o'clock on Friday morning. We understand that, to the extent of L600, Mr. Verry is insured. NOTHING WORSE THAN A SCOLDING Wiru.-An old man who had been dreadfully henpecked all his life, was visited on hmdMih-bed by a clergyman. The old man appeared very indifferent, and the clergyman tried to arouse him by talking of the King of Terrors. Hoot, boot, man, I'm no "r'\rt. The King of Terrors I've been living sax and thirty years wi' the Queen o' them, and the King cannot be muckle wair." THE IRISH PLOUGHMAN.—A recent emigrant had applied for employment to a farmer, and being asked if he was acquaintecl with all sorts of farm labour, replied j without hesitation in the affirmative. He was accoid- ingly engaged, and the next morning sent to hold the plough," with the son of his employer to drive. After the horse was tackled in, the boy gave him a start but, hearing an exclamation behind, turned and beheld the son of the green isle ploughing up the ground with his heels, which were firmly set, while lie was straining every muscle to mitintainhisposition,and crying out, "Stop stop how can I hould the plough, if you make the horse drag it away from me V—Salem Gazette.

LONDON GAZETTE. BANKRUPTS.—(Friday, i'ept. 17.)—J. and J. Baker, Fore-street and Cheapsidc, machinists and tobacconists. -it. Low, Portland-row, Camberwcll, pawnbroker.—J. Hook, Southampton-street, Camberwell, builder.—J. P. Jacob, Church-street, Camberwell, builder. —A. F. Lloyd, Brighton, cook and confectioner.—W. Lambert, Great Tiohfield-street, grocer.—J. Hyams, Jury-strct, Aldgate, ivateli inaiiuf'tc-urei-J. Evans, Odlington, WVircester- shire, corn dealer.—W. il. Gratrix and J. Taverner, Xuneat an, Warwickshire, silk manufacturers.—J.Morris, Wa'sail, saddlers' ironmonger.—W. Williams, Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, iitiber tiiercliatit.-C. Greatn, Pains- wick, Gloucestershire, scrivener. J. Jones, Birkenhead, e-hei)iist. -Ni. Archer and T. llalsall, Liverpool, timber- merchants.—T. Claphani, Liverpool, wholesale butcher. W. Smith, Bramhaui, Yorkshire, brickmaker.—Jonas Haley, Dewsbury, Yorkshire, machine maker. BANKIIUPTS.— (Tuesday, Sept. 21 J—J. C. Vaughan, fruit merchant, East Cheap.—J. Hyams, watchmaker, Jury-street, Aldgate.—E. Scott, innkeeper, Tunbridge Wells.—J. Lewcr, carpentpr and builder, Portsea.—J. Wospell, cabinet-maker, High-street, Shoreditch.—G. Hall, builder, Trowse Newton, Norfolk.—J. G. Jackson, ornamental paper-manufacturer,Newcastle-street,Strand. \V. Evans, lallp manufacturer, Derby.—G. Snuil, draper, Coventry. —J. Gardiner, provision merchant, Bir- mingha.m.-C. F. Cotterill and W. H. Hill, merchants, Walsall, St-,iffordsliire.-I). Pratt atid J. Fijinemore, steel-pen manufacturers, Birmingham.—J. J. Day, sliip broker, Liverpool. ABERGAVENNY EISTEi)DrOD.-Iler Majesty has been graciously pleased to permit his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to be patron of the next Eisteddfod, to take place at Abergavenny, in the autumn of 1848, on which occasion his Royal Highness the Prince Of Wales gives a prize of twenty-five guineas for the best critical essay on the history of the langaage and litera- ture of Wales, from the time of Gruffydd ap Cynan (and Merlin) to that of Sir Gruffydd Llwyd (and Gwilym Ddu), accompanied with specimens, both in the original and in a close English or Latin translation, of the poems most characteristic of that period. CHIEF USE OF BREAD.—At one of the customary school examinations an urchin was asked, What is the chief use of bread ?" to which he replied, with an archness that implied what a simpleton you must be to ask such a question, To spread butter upon."

AGRICULTURE, MARKETS, &c. (From the Mark Lane Express.) Though the reports from the agricultural districts generally admit that the yield of Wheat has not disap- pointed expectation, the quality and weight of the new crop are not so well spoken of as was the case imme- diately after harvest; and it is the opinion of maoy parties, on whose judgment we place great dependence, that, with a larger yield to the acre, the mealing pro- perties of the Wheat of this year's crop will prove so far inferior to that of some previous seasons as to render the produce in Flour little, if anything, over that of an average crop. The weather has not been favourable this week for finishing the harvest in the late districts, and there is still a small portion of grain abroad which is likely to have received more or less injury. The cir- cumstance has, however, had nothing to do with the late rise indeed we are disposed to regard the advance a!J wholly unconnected with anything like speculation, the' recent large failures, and the consequent difficultv in obtaining the usual facilities, having put an effectuai bar to speculative investments. The rally in the. trade is, in our opinion, perfectly natural, and precisely what might have been expected after so enormous a fall. The ad- vance from the extreme point of depression is about 10s. per qr., and from present appearances we are inclined to, think that the upward movement will not be immediately' checked. Our reason for this opinion is the probability that farmers will thrash Barley, the crop of which is very abundant, in preference to Wheat. And as, in addition to a large demand for home consumption, <we appear likely to have an export inquiry, prices being higher jo France, Holland, and Belgium than in this country, the chances are in favour of some further improvement. At most of the leading provincial markets held during the week a large amount of business has been done, buyers having become as anxious to add to their stocks as they were previously unwilling to purchase. The operations iu English Barley have not been important. Grinding Barley has, however, been in tolerably good request, and the business done in foreign has been on much the same terms as before. The inquiry for Malt has been exceed- ingly slow and, though we do not deem it necessary to alter quotations the turn has been in favour of the buyer. Hitherto very few Oats of the new crop have come for- ward, and the stocks of old being exhausted in all parts. of the kingdom, the arrivals of home grown Corn have- been very small. Monday's currency has in some in- stances been exceeded by 6d per qr. Indian Corn and Corn-meal have sold readily at the terms of Monday; and Rye-flour has been taken rather extensively for feeding, cattle, at an advance of 10s. per ton. s. S. 8. S. Wheat, red 53 to 57 i Oats, Engl, feed 23 — 2-5> White 61 63 Youghall Black 20 23 Norfolk & Suffolk 53 56 Scotch feed 23-25 White. Irish Galway 1.5 IT Barley, Malting.. 32 — 34 j Dublin 19 — 2% Chevalier 55 36 Londonderry Grinding 25 — 30 WaterfordWhite 23 Irish -1 Clonmel 19-22 Scotch. Potatoe 26-28, Beans, Tick new 36-381 Seed, Rape. 30J. 321 Harrow 40 — 4-1 Irish —I. -1. per last Pease, Boiling 46 -501 Linseed, Baltic 48-50 White Odessa. 47 50 Blue Mustard, white 1 6 Maple. 37 40 | Flour, Town made Malt, Brown .63 — 66 I and best country Rye, new 31 — 06 marks 44-49 Indian Com 28 3d Stockton 44.-46. LONDON AVERAGES. £ s. d. E. Wheat..4,245 qra. 2 11 0 Rye 12 qrs. 1 16 0 Barley 736 1 14 8 Beans.. 473 2 0 4 Oats 1,028 1 1 7 I Pets 419 2 1 10 GENE UAL AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN. WeeV: ending S'pt. 11.—Imperial—General Weekly Average,—Wheat, 51s. 4d. Barley, 33s. Id.; Oats, 24s. 7d.; Rye, 32s. 4d.; Beans, 47s. 7d.; Peas, 43s. 2d. [ Aggregate Average of six weeks which governed Duty Wheat, 62s. 2d. Barley, :38-i. -i 1. Oats, 27s. 9d. Rye, 38s. Id. Beans, 52s. 5s.; Peas, 42s. 8d. SMITHFIELD MARKET The follow¡n is a statement of the imports of live stock into London during the past week:—Beasts, 1168 Sheep, 3297; Lambs, 176; Calves, 315; and Pigs, 121. This is the first time we have had to report the arrival of live stuck from Portugal direct to London- 130 head of the Beasts alluded to above, arrived by the halcao, on Wednesuav, in excellent condition; but,, though received fiotii Oporto, it is quite evident they were grazed in Spain. The dead weight of these animals I has turned out miserably deficient, and we are of opinion that the speculation has been a very unprofitable one. Most of the Oxen from Oporto had horns four feet six inches in length, and the space between the extreme points was nearly, or quite, five feet. At the outports the arrivals from Holland and Germany have been --0 very liberal scale, viz., about 1,100 Beasts, 2,200 hepi 100 Lambs, 200 Calves, and 120 Pigs. The principal portion of these supplies has been landed at Hull; and a few cargoes have found their way into Scotland. To-day we had on offer about 900 Beasts, 2,200 Sheep and Lambs, 120 Calves, and 50 Pigs, chiefly from Holland and Germany, with a few of the former from Portugal the latter of which remained unsold on Friday. There wis a decided improvement in the demand, at higher figures. The Bullock droves from onr own grazing districts were considerably less in. number than those which came to hand on this day and their quality was very inferior, even the time of year considered. This falling off in the supply, together with the increased attendance of both town and country buyers, caused the Beef trade to rule somewhat active, at an advance in the quotations paid on Monday last of from 21. to 4d. per 81bs. The highest general figure for the best Scots was 4s. 8d. per 8Ihs.; but some few Beast produced even a trifle beyond that figure. At the close of the market a good clearance was effected. There were nearly 8,000 Sheep in market less than on Monday last; hence the Mutton trade was steady, though not to say brisk, at 2d per 81bs. more monev. The general quality of the Sheep was by no means good. The season for L?mb having nearly closed, the Lamb trade was heavy, and the prices ruled very little above those paid for Mutton. Although the supply of Calves was large for a Monday's market, the Veal trade WM firm at our former prices. Prime small Porkers, which were scarce, sold at an advance of 2d. per 8bs, and the value of other kinds of Pork was well supported. A COMPARISON of the PRICES of FAT STOCK, sold in SMITIIFIKLD CATTT.K MARKET, on Monday Sept. 21, 1846, and Monday, Sept. 20, 1847. Per SIbs. to sink the offal. Sept. 21, 1S46. Sept. 20, 1847. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Coarse & inferior Beasts.. 2 10 to 3 0 3 4 to 3 8. Seconci qtialitv do 3 2 3 6.. 3 10 4 0 Prime large Oxen. 3 8 3 10 4 2 4 4 Primp Scots, &e. 4 0 4 2.. 4 6 4 8 Coarse and inferior Sheep 310 4 0 3 10 4 2 Second quality, do 4 2 4 4..4 4 4 6 Prime coarse woolled, do.. 4 6 4 8 4 8 4 10 Prime Southdown, do 4 10 5 0 i 0 5 4 Large coarse Calves 3 10 4 6..4 0 4 8 Prime stnill do 4 8 4 10 4 10 5 2 Large Ilog 3 8 4 6 4 0 4 8 Neat small Porkers 4 8 4 10 4 10 5 2 BUTTER, BACON., CHEESE, AND HAMS. s. s. Cheese, per cwt. s. s. Dorset Butter, p. fir. 106 108 Double Glo'ster ..60 68 Fresh Butter, 13s. 6d. Single ditto. 48 56 per dozen Cheshire. 56 76 Irish, do.. per cwt. Derby 62 66 Carlow, New. 98 — American 54 60 Sligo 92 — Edam and Gouda.. 48 56 Cork, 1st. 96 — Bacon, new 76 84 Waterford 92 — Middle. Foreign Butter, cwt. Hams, Irish 50 70 Prime Friesland 100 108 Westmoreland 88 Do. Kiel. 96 York 98 PRICE OF TALLOW, &c. 1843. 1844. 18'5. 1846 1847. Stock this dav 21,292.. 20,701.. 8,818.. 8,962.. 11,3«4 Price of P.Y.C. 41s. 9d. 41s. 6d. 40s. 6d. 42s. 3d. 46s. 3d.

WEEKLY CALENDAR. THE Mood's CHANGES.—Last Quarter on the 1st af October, at 7b. 19m. morning. HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES FOR THE ENSCIXG WEEK. j Carmar- .Cardigan Tenby 1 Abt'ryst. DAYS. fthenB?-.t and and "?T" ;UaneUy. Bristol. Miiford. j H. j H. M. H. ;t. SF.PT. H. I. H. M. H. M. H. )(. -11- Saturday.2.5' 6 ? } 6 55 5 40 7 25 Sunday .M? G .? ?7 40 6 2.5 8 10 Mondav 27 I 7 40 8 25 7 10 I 8 55 Tnpsdav.2s!'8 24 9 9 7 54 9 39 Wednesday -2?! 9 8 j 9 53 8 38 10 23 Thursday ..30)1 9 5i |10 39 9 24 ? 11 Friday Oct. I l?10 44 11 29 19 9 14 jll 50

ADVERTISEMENTS AND ORDERS RECEIVED BY THE FOLLOWING AGENTS:- LONDON Mr. Barker, 33, Fleet-street; Messrs. Nek- ton and Co., Warwick-square; Mr. G. Reynell, 42, Chancery-lane Mr. Dcacon, 3, Walbrook, near the Mansion House; Mr. Hammond, 27, Lombard-street W. Dawson, and Son, 74, Cannon-street; Mr. C. Mitchell, Red Lion Court, Fleet-street; Mr. W. Thomas, Catherine-street, Strand; Mr. H. Clarke, 22, Charing Cross; Mr. G. H. Street, 11, Serle-street, London. THIS PAPER IS RFGVLAHLY FILED by all the above agents, and also in London, at Peel's Coffee-House, No. 177 and 178, Fleet-street.—Deacon's Coffee-Houw, Walbrook, and the Auction Mart. Printed and Published in Guildhall Square, in the Parish of St. Peter, in the County of the Borough of Carraartheo, hy the Proprietor, JOSEPH UEGINBOTTOM, of Picton TerrSce IN Carmarthen aforesaid. FHTDVY, SEPT. 24, 1847.