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When, at the beginning of the 17th century, the amiable and gifted author of Cato perambulated Italy, his refined and elegant mind had ample scope for con- templation. When from the sunny slopes of the Appenines, he surveyed the vine-clad hills, the lux- uriant plains, and the orang", olive, and myrtle-groves of the classic land of the ancient mistress of the world; when he looked at the bright and briliiant sky that canopies the region where Caesar fought, and Maro sung and when he pondered the vicissitudes through which a country so rich in landscape, and historical recollections, and so pre-eminently blessed by soil and climate, had passed his musings were naturally directed to the moral and social condition of tile pco- ple who inhabited it, especially to the condition of that large portion of them, but for whose toil the soil, not- withstanding its native fertility, had been but a beau- tiful wilderness. He looked at these people, looked at their dress, their food, their house.foi-gE,ttirig not to contrast the last with the gorgeous abodes of the lords of the soil and the dignified ecclesiastics—and he medi- tated on the laws and institutions under which the whole body politic was placed-all this he looked at and reflected on, and one line of the beautiful poem to which his tour gave rise gives full expression to the conclusion at which he had arrived :— Man is the only plant that dwindles here." But how much of meaning does that line contain what a volume of philosophy does it present! How would the generous spirit of Addison exult over the movement which, from the Tyrol to the ancient Lillybseum, is, at the present moment, attracting the eyes and minds of the whole civilized world to the Ausonian Peninsula! Only a fortnight ago we devoted the whole of a rather long article to a review of the course which the present Pontiff, Pope Pius IX., has pur- sued, ever since his name, as the successor uf Pope Gre- gory XVI., was drawn from the electoral urn. Can any good thing come out of Galilee ?" once asked a member of the Jewish Sanhedrim, in reference to the greatest Reformer that ever appeared in our world Can any good thing ever come out of the Vatican ?" every sound Protestant, till within the last three years, was ready to put as a question that admi'ted but one answer; and that answer, if our readers will pardon something tery like an Irish bull, would have been a positive negative: but strange things do occasionally occur. Some good thing may come out of the Vatican and the middle of the nineteenth century has witnessed the great and wondrous fact of a reforming Pope a-nd the reforms which he has instituted are of no mean and trifling order, but embrace a thorough revision and reconstruction of the whole political, moral, and social system of his States. His discerning eye perceived that the rust of ages was tipon that system—lay thick upon it-aiid his benevo- lent heart prompted him to set about rubbing it off. Remarkable, indeed, has been his career hitherto, and memorable, in all likelihood, will its results be. Pius IX. is at this moment the cynosure of Italy, and in the length and breadth of that lovely land he has evoked a spirit before which tyranny quails-a spirit which has already taught a useful lesson to kings and rulers. Italy has awoke from the torpor in which she hath lien for ages. It now appears that the fire of old Rome" only smouldered in the breasts of the Italian population, it was not extinguished The spark which was destined to Tekindle that fire, and to make it blaze forth before the astonished gaze of the world, has indeed come from a quarter whence it was least to be expected but come it has. In the whole of the eight States or inde- pendent Sovereignties into which the country may be said to be divided the people, with one accord, have demanded of their sceptred rulers their indefeasible political and civil rights as free citizens; and these rulers, who have evidently read the history of Europe, and have profited by the lessons which it inculcates, with one exception, have seen meet to comply with the wishes of their subjects. Thus Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, who is said to be the most nearly allied by blood of all now living to our royal House of Stuart, and has for his Prime Minister one of the most en- lightened and liberal Statesmen of the age, has not only granted the demands of his people, but has also assured the Papal Sovereign that he is prepared to make com- mon cause with him against the aggressive interference of Austria. In like manner the Dukes of Tuscany, Modena, and Lucca have acceded to the wislws of their people, and have thereby not only averted a state of anarchy and civil war, but secured for themselves a high degree of popularity. In the case of the last named personage, the world had exhibited to it one of the strange vicissitudes to which either a wise or a bad policy may give rise. He had indignantly refused to listen to the voice of his people, when they first me- morialised him on the reforms to which they deemed themselves entitled, and then withdrew to the seclusion of his country residence. Several thousands of his subjects, however, followed him thither, and plainly let his Highness know their conviction that what they had demanded was their undoubted right, and that if lunger refused them, they would adopt the only means that remained to them for obtaining it. The prince saw that both his personal safety and the peace of his little ter- ritory were involved in the part which it behoved him promptly to enact. Prudence and good sense carried the day. He conceded all that his people demanded. He returned in the midst of them to his capital, and those who had, a few hours before, threatened to become his assailants, accompanied him, and sur- i rounded his chariot, as his body-guards. In Naples, or rather the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, we regret to say that, at present, things wear a troubled aspect. In Calabria, or the southern province of the peninsula, many of the people are in open revolt against the government; and there, and in the vicinity of Mes- sina, the second city of the Island of Sicily, several battles have been fought, with various success. That a people so grievously oppressed and so sunk in ignorance as the Southern Italians are, should adopt physical, in- stead of moral force, in order to obtain a redress of their wrongs, is little to be wondered at by those who study cause and effect in the affairs of men. Debased as they are, they cannot divest themselves of the com- mon feelings of humanity. When trodden down and outraged by imbecile but ruthless tyrant rulers and landlords, is it not natural that, with old Shylock, they should exclaim" Have not Neapolitan peasants eyes; have we not hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affec- tions, feelings, passions ? Are we not fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as other men are ? If you tickle us, do we not laugh ? If you poison us, do we not die? and if you wrong us, shall we not avenge ourselves P" Whether the King of Naples, who is reputed to be a man of fair understanding, will risk a protracted and disastrous civil war with his people; whether, as he has oftener than once done before, he will call in the Austrians to his assistance, or whether, following the example of the princes of Xorthern Italy, he will see meet to win over his people by commencing a searching reform of all that is glaringly vicious in the laws and institutions of the country which he governs, remains to be seen. According to two or three ably conducted foreign journals, his Majesty is surrounded by bad advisers, several of whom are in the pay of Austria, and were he to be guided by the promptings of his own heart he would at once hearken to the voice of his people, enter into an offensive and defensive league with the Papal sovereign, and put himself at the head of a gi-pit Italian confederacy against the colossal power of Austria. An,] II bat might not such a confederacy soon effect: Exclusive uf Lombardy, or that part of Italy which is under the sway of Austria, and has for its southern boundary the river Po, and also exclusive of the Duchy of Parma, which is governed by the widow of Napoleon, who is the sister of the Austrian Emperor, the king- doms and states to which we have alluded, namely, Sardinia, Tuscany, the Papal States, Modena, anù Lucca, possess a superficies of 70,000,000 square miles, and a population of 19,000,000. True, the Austrian population amounts to nearly 35,000,000, but it is made up of an odd medley of different races, speaking different languages, practising different usages, and imbued with a vast diversity of feelings, dispositions, and pro pensi ties. The Hungarians alone amount to upwards of 10,000,000, and, having for centuries, together with Transylvania and Morav ia, formed an independent and powerful state, they have never ceased to cherish the hope of one day regaining the place which they think themselves entitled to hold among the nations of Europe. Almost bordering on Hungary, also, lies Galicia, or that portion of Poland which was clutched by Austria when, in 1798, the kingdom over which the illustrious John Sobieski once bore rule, and at the head of whose imincible legions, in 1683, he rescued Austria and Germany from the risk of falling under the Mussulman yoke, and, under the walls of Vienna, gained a great and decisive victory over 2,50,000 Alosleiiis was partitioned by and divided among the three despots who filled the thrones of Russia, Prussia, and Germany. The population of Galicia is estimated at 3,000,000, all of whom would rejoice to make common cause with the Hungarians in asserting their nationality and independence. They detest their Austrian masters, and are only kept in check by the presence of 80,000 soldiers. In the Ve- netian States, or what is generally called Lombardy, the superficies of which is upwards of 18,000 square miles, with a population of rather more than 5,000,000, symptoms of revolt have already shown themselves. In Milan, an inland citys, and the second in importance in the province, several fatal collisions between the people and the Austrian garrison (which numbers 18,000 men) have taken place. In fact the population of Lombardy cannot forget that they are Italians. Their minds brood over the history which records the glorious achievements of their forefathers, in the days when the flags of the Republics of North Italy, in the language of the historian Sismundi, waved triumphant in the waters of the Adriatic, the Mediterranean and the Levant when the Ionian Isles, Rhodes, Candia, and Dalmatia, owned the sway of Venice and Genoa, and when to these great entrepots was brought, via Suez and Alexandria, the whole of the produce of India that found its way to Europe. That they should sym- pathise with and take a deep interest in the remarkable movement that is now taking place in nearly the whole of the rest of Italy is not only natural, but we arc almost led to feel surprise that they have not ere now risen en masse for the purpose of making one mighty and combined effort to rid themselves of their tyrant oppressors. From all these facts it might be reasonably supposed that Prince Metternich would pause, and think twice, ere he determine on marching his armed legions across the Po, for the purpose of assisting the Cardinal Lam- bruschini and the retrograde party to put down the spirit of liberalism and freedom which now animates nearly the whole of the Italian population. In the mean time every right-minded Briton will rejoice to learn that the Earl of Minto, who is Lord John Russell's father-in-law, and a member of the Cabinet, who has lately set out for Italy for the purpose of joining his lady and family there, intends to visit Rome. His lord- ship is an enlightened and most amiable man, and a thorough Liberal. The presence of such a man at the Papal court at such a crisis cannot fail to cause a powerful sensation in the Aulic Conncil and at the Tuileries. It will assure the Holy Father and his people that the present march of events in the Ausonian Peninsula is not unheeded in the land which, for three centuries, has championed liberty and freedom in every part of the world, and has afforded a shelter and a home to thousands of gallant spirits who preferred exile to the iron yoke of tyranny. It is impossible to foretel what effect the present state of things in Italy may have upon the peace of Europe. That Louis Philippe and Prince Metternich are hard at work, and doing their utmost, to thwart the Pope in his generous efforts to effect a moral, social, and political regeneration of his prople, we are not left to conjecture. Their organs of the press speak out freely on the subject. The Journal des Debats, in an especial manner, denounces the conduct of the liberal party, and heaps abuse on the weak-mindedness (qu. strong-mindedness) of those princes who have yielded to the wishes of their subjects. But hard words break no bones. The Pope, the King of Sardinia, and the Dukes of Tuscany, Modena, and Lucca have evidently profited by a perusal of the history of Louis XVI. and of Charles X. of France. Timely concessions and re- forms of abuses would have preserved to both these monarchs their thrones; and the lesson which their story inculcates has not, in 1847, been lost upon the I Italian Sovereigns. But to Austria and Franee, or rather to Louis Philippe and Prince Metternich, in reference to what is now going on in Italy, we would say, Beware Res- pics jinem, respiee In at this moment, there is an unmistakeable movement in behalf of an extension of the electoral franchise, and of a searching reform of sundry rank nouses, to which the king of the barricades" would do well to take heed; otherwise, as in his early days, he may yet become a wanderer on the face of the earth, and less pitied than was even Charles X. As to the reasons which Austria has for caution and forbearance we have already spoken. Meantime it is truly gratifying to every generous hearted and enlightened patriot to reflect on the present aspect of things in the laud of the Ccesars. There the leader, nay, the originalor of the great moral revolution that is being accomplished, is a Sovereign prince, and the acknowledged head of the largest Christian com- in the wcrl.,d  T munion in the world. May his success be as great as his heart could desire Well may the Italians feel proud of such a man. Had such political quacks, such peripatetic spouters, such hunters after mob- popularity, as Messrs. Feargus O'Connor, Bronterre O'Brien, Thompson, Vincent, Epps, presented them- selves to the men of Italy, as the precursors of a great political movement, they would soon have been hissed off the stage, while the fervid execration of the great Mantuan bard rung in the charlatans' ears :— Non tali auxilio, nee defensovibus istis Tempus eget." And there was a time when Britannia's leading reformers were men for whom she had no reason to blush. But that was when she really needed them. For fifty years did the illustrious father of our present Colonial Secretary stand by the watch-fire of Reform, and feed its hallowed flame; and when that warm- hearted and accomplished nobleman appeared on the I platform to advocate popular rights, the very prestige of his name and character kept all charlatans at a respectable distance. But at that period Reform was really needed, and there were giants to plead for it, and to prepare the way for its advent. We deny not that we still have abuses and grievances which ousht to be removed; and v.hen such men as Lords Normanby and Morpeth come forward to denounce them, we hail it as a sign that their days are numbered.
I CAR M A ft T Ei E N S II…
I CAR M A ft T Ei E N S II I II E Ci-Eiir; V'S WIDOWS AND ORPHANS.—On Sunday morning last, an appropriate sermon was preached at St. Peter's Church, in this town, by the Venerable Arch- deacon Bevan, in behalf of the Society for the relief of I Widows and Orphans of dreea?ed Cl('J' when upwards of £ 14 were collected, including a small amount icontr:?bii!d aftcr the ,cuing scuice.
CAIIMARTIIENSH IRE AG11IC…
CAIIMARTIIENSH IRE AG11IC L'LTUR AL SOCIETY. The Annual Exhibition of Fat Stuck, Implements of Husbandry, ic. in connection with this Society took place on Wednesday last, in a field occupied by George ihomas, -Esq., solicitor, which had been enclosed by strong palisading, and converted into a temporary show yard. The stock commellccd arri,in:; at an early hour, but in consequence of the extremely unfavourable state of the weather on Tuesday, many animals which would otherwise have arrived from a distance were detained. As it was, however, the competition was remarkably close, and the judges in more than one instance had considerable difficulty in deciding as to the superiority of the competitors. The show yard remained closed until nearly three o'clock, while the Judges, Messrs. Greenish, of Neeston, and Geo. Barnes, of Talyclyn, in- spected the stock, and in the mean time the Agricul- tural Implement Show, which took place in the New Market, was crowded by most of the influential gentry and farerms of the county, amongst whom were:—D. A. S. Davies, Esq., M. P., J. E. Saunders, Glanrhydw, C. Morgan, M. D., Hafodneddin, William "Williams, W. du Buisson, Glynhir, Rees Goring Thomas, Llysnew- vdd, J. Beynon, Trewern, T. W. Lawford, Carreg Cen- uen, T. D. Lloyd, Bronwydd, Grismond Philipps, Cwm- gwilly, D. Prythcrch, J. L. Thomas, Caeglas, Evan George P'?aser ?vn, George, Plaserwn, II. Lawrence, M. D., T. Jones, M.D., J. Roberts, M. D., W. B. Gwyn, Pilroath, W. Chambers, Llanelly, T. J. Thirlwall, J. W. Philipps, Aberglasney, John Pugh Prvse, E. If. Stacey, W. If. Shield, Llan- diwke, John Shield, Cwm, Henry Lewis, lIendre, Alfred Thomas, L. Peacock, J. liowell, John Lewis Phiiipps, W. Lewis Philipps, Cilgwynne, J. Rogers, St. Clears, Geo. Shakespeare, Ferry Side, J. Featiiersionc, Stirling Park, — Chalmers, John Thomas, Cwmmawr, J. Thomas, junior, Jas. Byers, W. Baile, E. M. Davies, Penallt, T. Morgan, Macsgwrda, G. Griffiths, R. Rees, Geo. Thomas, C. H. Hughes, J. J. Stacey, Lloyd Lle- wellyn, G. A. Evans, J. Corbetf, Geo. Davies, D. R. Parry, W. Young Esquires. Col. Love, C. B., Capt. Mann, Capt. Wardlaw, Capt. Kammersley, Capt. Mur- ray, Lieut. Bawtree, Lieut. Briggs, Capt. J. G. Philipps, Rev. D. H. T. G. Williams, Llwynhelig, Capt. Cross, Abermarles, Capt. Wood, St. Clears, ilev. J. Evans, Nantyregiwys, Rev. D. Evans, Llanon, lev. J. Whit- worth, Messrs. W. Anderson, Castle Lloyd, Morris, of Brook, Valentine Ilees, Wingfeld, John Evans, Ality- cadno, D. Evans, W. Bowers, E. Gwyn, J. B. Gwyn, I John Gwyn, D. Prosser, &c. &c. Amongst the Implements exhibited by Messrs. Hodges and Wright, of Brecon, were an ex(eJlent Draining Tile- making Machine, which elicited universal admiration. It turned out its work in the most complete manner, and has effected a most irnportant advance in this much re- quired branch of implements. We understand it gained the prize at the Agricultural Show at Northampton. A Chaff-cutter was also much admired. Besides these Messrs. Hodges and Wright exhibited a large number of useful and scientifically constructed implements, con- sisting of llorse Rakes, Horse Hoes, Thrashing Ma- C)¡jllt>s, a Turnip Slicer, (an excellent implement), a Scarifier, Improved Ploughs, a Cheese Presser, a patent Churn, Turnip Drills, Ploughs, Rakes, Harrows, and various other articles. The spirit which induces these gentlemen to visit Agricultural Exhibitions at great distances for the purpose of displaying the various im- provements in the manufacture of Implements of Hus- bandry cannot be too highly commended and deserves every encouragement. Indeed we have reason to believe that their exertions on Wednesday were well repaid by the increased patronage they received. But as we are now awarding the due meed of praise to those deserving it, we must not omit to mention Messrs. Featherstone and Dunn's Exhibition of Imple- ments, which, althou:;11 compri¡ng but a small assort- ment, was of great intrinsic excellence. Their Thrashing Machine was an unique and perfect piece of machinery, & thoroughly deserving of the encomiums lavished upon it by many competent judges in such matters while their Scarifier and Chaff-cutter were not a whit behind- hand in usefulness and excellence of construction. Now that we have manufacturers of Agricultural Imple- ments close at hand, the farmers and landowners will do well to a vail themseh-es of their services. Upon the gates of the Show Yard being opened, the impatient throng crowded in to view the Stock and learn the successful competitors. The Bulls claimed priority of attention and certainly far eclipsed all former shows of this majestic-looking animal. Seventeen Bulls were exhibited and the prize Bull (Mr. T. W Lawford's) was perfect in symmetry; Capt. Cross's Durham Bull, which gained the Silver Cup last year was much admired, as was also the Castlemartin Ox belonging to Lloyd Vaughan Watkins, Esq., bred by Mr. D. Prosser. Mr. Goode's Black Bull was likewise a noble animal and there were several others which at once excited admira- tion at their bulk and symmetrical proportion and elicited pi-aise of the owners of such taurine productions. The Fat Cows also claimed attention, and after these the admiring spectator turned with gratified eyes to the other portions of the exhibition. In Horses the Show was deficient, but in Sheep and Pigs it was pre-eminently successful. The laurels of the day were deservedly borne off by those very superior tenant-farmers, Messrs. Evans, the Alltycadno family, who gained no less than seven pre- miums,and had the additional honour of being com- plimented by the Chairman, at the Dinner, as being a credit to Wales—a compliment in which we most unre- servedly join. I THE DINNER. At half pst four o'clock, (being an hour later than the period originally intended, the delay having been caused by the length of time occupied by the judges in the Show yard) about 70 highly inlfuential geotlemen and tenant farmers sat down to a sumptuous dinner at the IV), Bush Hotel. The Chair was taken by W. Williams, Esq., supported on his right by D. A. S. Davies, Esq., M.P.; it. G. Tho- mas, and J. E. Saunders, Esquires and on his left by D. Morris, Esq., M.P.; T. Davies Lloyd, Esq., Bron- wydd, and E. H. Stacey. The Vice President's chair was ably filled by William Chambers, junior, Esquire. After the removal of the cloth, the Chairman read letters of apology from Lord Milford and Sir James Cockburn, Bai t., the former of whom was detained by unavoidable circumstances and the latter by the severe iilness of a near relative. The Chairman then observed, that he had been unex- pectedly called upon to fiil the place of Lord Milford, the President of the year, and he in common with all present could not but regret the absence of the noble Lord, and of the gallant General the Vice President. He was sure that either of them would have been better able to fill the post of I'resident than himself. However, he was always ready OIl all occasions to perform any duty which the interest of the Society might require from him, as he had its welfare deeply at heart, and felt that it was calculated to advance an interest—the benefit of which they all had in view,-he alluded to the improvement of the Agricul- ture of this County. (Cheers.) lie would now propose a toast which he was sure would be received by every one present with feelings of affection and regard. The health he had to propose was that of their Sovereign, the Queen of the United Kingdom, (cheers,) and he was sure they would agree with him that she had discharged all the important duties, both public and private, of hcr high and exalted station, in a manner which called forth the admiration of all her people—and of none more than those he had then the honour to address. (Cheers.) 3 ti mes 3. The Chairman said the next toast was, the healths of His Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the rest of the Royal Family. He was quite sure it would only be a waste of words were he to add any remarks to induce them to drink this toast. Prince Albert had filled the duties of his station in such a manner as had endeared him to all classes of English- men, and although he had not been born amongst us, yet every Briton now looked upon him with as much affection as if he had been a native of their sea-girt isle. With regard to their own Prince, who took his title from this Principality, he hoped that in his person would be exemplified the virtues of his illustrious parents, and that not only this country would have occasion to be proud of him, but that hereafter he should be the glory of the whole Kingdom. (Cheers and 3 times 3.) c The next toast proposed by the Chairman was the health of the venerable Lord Lieutenant of the County, who had occupied his high and distinguished position as the representative of the Queen in this county for nearly half a century. (Cheers.) As they all knew the ex- cellence of his worth, it would be quite superfluous were he to add anything in honour of this toast. (3 times 3.) The Chairman then gave the health of the Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese. He remarked that the venerable prelate who presides over the diocese of St. David's is as eminent for his learning as he is distinguished for every virtue that can adorn a Christian, and comrlland the ad- miration of mankind. (Cheers.) In the recollection of the oldest inhabitant, no portion of Wales had ever been blessed with a bishop who had discharged all the ar- duous duties of his office in the manner the Lord Bishop of St. David's had, to th» satisfaction of all. (Cheers.) He was sure they would enthusiastically join him in drinking his health, and wishing him long life and every happiness. (Loud cheering and 3 times :1.) The Chairman next proposed" The Army and Xavy." The distinguished manner in which those two great branches of the public service had performed their duties had contributed in an eminent degree to the glory and greatness and power of this country. (Cheers.) He hoped the youngest man amongst them would not see the day when they would be again called upon to act offensively or defensively against other nations, but if such a time should occur, he had no doubt they would again be ready to perform similar heroic deeds to those which had raised them in courage and ability to an equality (even if they were not superior to) the Army and Navy of any other country in the world. (3 times 3.) The Chairman again rose and said that he had great pleasure in proposing-the healths of the two Members of Parliament for the County. (Cheers.) They had discharged their duties in the legislature as faithfully and conscientiously as any members of the House of Commons. (Hear.) When he had the honour of a seat in that House he had differed with them in opinion ?,n btit he wts (!ttite sure upon most points of discussion, but he was quite sure they had been actuated by a sincere desire to promote the public good of their country and had acted ac- cordingly. (Cheers.) When individuals of a community differed on minor and minute points they could not wonder that in such an important duty as legislating for a great and powerful country like theirs, their repre- sentatives should frequently be puzzled how to act. However, he was convinced that their representatives had invariably followed the dictates of their owa con- sciences with a sincere desire to do what was right. (The toast was drank with great enthusiasm.) D. A. S. Davies, Esq., M.P. rose on behalf of his honourable colleague and himself to acknowledge the honour conferred upon them, and to thank his friend the Chairman for the kind manner in which he had pre- faced the toast. His honourable friend the Chair- man had only dune him justice when he stated that in the part which he (Mr. Davies) had taken since he had been in the lower House of Parliament he had been only actuated by a wish to do his duty, and by a desire to serve the best interests of the country. (Cheers.) He would not further allude to that subject, but would congratulate the Society upon the exhibition of that day. (Hear.) It would be in the recollection of every person present that a great and growing improvement had manifested itself in their exhibition of stock since the establishment of the Society. This showed the advan- tage of the Society, (Hear.) .and he trusted that before long this countv would arrive at en advanced stage of r¡cultllr"1 whir-h could not but be of the utmost import- I--ce -to t¡C welfare ;-t landlord, tll-:ecI!PYing- tenant or the consumer. (Loud cheers.) Their mutual .nalry at the Catt!e8hewsmusti?aveabem-ncnl effect, and tlJcir meetings rounl the festive board, where they cherished social intercourse, and where people of different classes, prufessinu, and grades in life, met to exchange thcir opinions 0:1 subjects of such vast importance as the agriculture of the county, must also have their beneficial influence. (Cheers.) His hon. friend had alluded to the short notice given him of the desire of the meeting that he shoul occupy the President's chair, anù he would here remark that he (Mr. Davies j had formerly been President, and had twice filled th Vice-President's chair. Knowing therefore the abilities of Mr. Williams, and how expericurecl he was in public matters, he was of opinion that no better President could have been sdeeted on the present occasion. (Hear.) lie was sure from the able manner in which the arduous duties of the Chairman had been performed, they would agree with him in saying that there was no cause for regret that Mr. Williams had been appointed. (Hear.) He did not know whether he was about to infringe upon the order of the toasts, but he thought they could not too early discharge a duty which they owed to their Chairman, by drinking his good health, and thanking him fur the honour he had done them by presiding over them. (Loud cheering.) Having said thus much and having thanked them for the honour they had done him iu drinking his nealÜI, and that of his colleague, whose en- gagements he regretted to say compelled him to be in a distant part of the country, but who would be deeply gratified when he heard of their kindness, he would beg them to drink the health of Wm. Williams, Esq., their Chairman. (The toast was received with tremendous applause. ) The Chairman rose aficr the cheering had subsided, and thanked the company most gratefully for the honour they had paid him in respect to the proposition by his hon. friend, and the reception by them of the toast. Nothing afforded him more gratification than to meet his fellow countrymen, and nothing was more gratifying to him than to see the prosperity (;1' the countr' a(h;tnc'i;¡, He wished it was progressing more rapidly, but he w;s satisfied to think that the principle of standing still had been thrown aside, and that progress was the order of the day. (Cheers.) He hoped they were proceeding with a rapidity which would place them on an equality with their neighbours and fellow countrymen in more fortunate England. (Hear.) In the meanwhile he would observe that whatever he could do was at his country's command. (Loud cheers.) He "as quite sure that this Society would effect a yast amount of good. (Hear.) They were now behind their neighbours, but he was convinced they would not long remain so. (Hear.) If that highly influential assemblage was to devote itself to the developement of improvements in agriculture, he was certain that their snceess would be greater than they could reasonably anticipate. (Hear.) It was gratifying, he would remark, to see so many landowners prcsent, who had all come from long distances, and now joined their tena nts and others for the promotion of plans which would foster and cherish the agricultural interest. (Hear.) Before he sat down he would beg leave to propose a toast < which he was sure they would enthusiastically honour. It was the health of his friend on the left, the member for the United Boroughs of Carmarthen and Lbllelly- (Tremendous applause)—a gentleman whom he himself had witnessed at many and many a midnight hour stead- fast at his post to do his duty to his constituents. (Loud cheers.) There had been no one more assiduous in at- tention to his duties than the hon. member whose health he proposed, in the three parliaments in which he had the honour of serving with him, and he was sure that in the next Parliament he would be found equally- active. (Loud cheers.) They all well knew his eminent abilities, they knew also that he was at the head of all the charities of the place—that his life was a life of bene- volence, and in fact that his whole course testified his desire to learn how to do good and practise it. He begged once more to call upon them to drink health and long life to David Morris, Esq. (Loud and continued cheering, and 9 times 9.) David Morris, Esq., M, P., begged to return them his sincere thanks for the honour just conferred upon him, and to express his gratitude to the Chairman for the handsome terms—far beyond his deserts^Criesof No.") with which his partiality had induced him to preface the toast. He (the hon. member) was inexperienced in Agri- cultural pursuits, but he had witnessed with sincere pride and pleasure the exhibition of that day. (Hear, hear.) It had been forcibly said that the man who could make two blades of grass grow where one grew before is a benefactor to his country." (Hear.) He believed that this Society was calculated to carry out that great object, and by stimulating and improving agriculture, and by bringing together such assemblages as they had that day witnessed, it would become a great benefit to the farmer, and would therefore improve the condition of the labourer. (Cheers.) Providence had this season bes- towed upon them an abundant harvest, which he hoped would remunerate the farmer, and compensate for the loss he had sustained by the scarcity of preceding sea- sons. (Cheers.) There was not a man of any class or kind in the country but who must feel deeply interested in that occupation which provides them with their daily sustenance. (Hear.) There was no interest in the country that could prosper while agriculture was in a declining state, and he considered the interests of com- merce and agriculture to be so interwoven with each other that when ORe languished the other became affected, and both must stand or fall together. (Loud and long continued cheering.) He could not but advert to that great undertaking which was now progressing rapidly through this country—he meant the South Wales Railway. The influx of strangers which that under- taking would occasion the expenditure of money that must result during atld after its construction—the vast spread of civilisation that woul<1. follow-aDd the facility of j.n¡ffic -that uld bQpencd to the farmer and merchant, wDuld tend" to be/icnt an classes, but more especially would beneficial results accrue to the agricul- turists. (Cheers.) He he-pod therefore that gentle- men connected with that interest would lend their aid to assist in carr)-iT1 ont this important national under- taking. (Hear.) His hon friend, Mr. Saunders Davies, had:said that he had been President once, and twice Vice Piesident. He (Mr. Morris) was in precisely the same situation, and he had therefore cheerfully resigned all pretensions to the occupation of the chair to Mr. Wil- Iiams, and he was sure their experience would bear him out and prove that he was right, from the very able manner in which the duties of that evening had been discharged. (The hon. gentleman resumed his seat amidst protracted cheering.) The Chairman s'1id be had great pleasure in proposing the health of Lord Milford, the President of the day, and he deeply regretted that the noble Lord did not occupy the position he then held. He coull not doubt that from the large possessions he owned in this and the adjoining county he deeply felt the importance of the agricultural interest. (Hear.) That noble lord had recently been elevated to the peerage, and he was con- vinced he would do as great honour to that branch of the legislature as when he represented the town and county of Haverfordwest. 3 times 3. The Chairman said he was sure the company felt pleased atbeing called into such active service, and he was also sure that no toast which he had proposed would be rpeeivpd better than the one he was aoout to submit the health of the Earl ofCawclor (Loud cheers.) The society had received a great and important acquisition in the adhesion of the noble lord as a member, and he trusted that from the exalted position he occupied, and the large property he possessed, he would be induced to great activity on behalf of the Society. (Hear.) As the largest landowner in the county, he hoped he would allow his name to be placed as President of the Society for the ensuing year. (Cheers.) He lived amongst them and his virtues were too well known to need further eulogy. (The toast was received with great applause.) The Chairman next proposed the Vice President of the day, Sir Jas. Cockburn, Bart. (Cheers.) They all felt regret at the absence of the venerable and gallant Ge- neral who was Vice President of the Society. He was sure his heart was with them that day, for the warmth he had displayed on the last anniversary shewed how much he felt interested in the prosperity of the Society. (Hear.) lie hoped to see him next year, and as he was in the habit of meeting him in Loudon, he would take the earliest opportunity of communicating how much pleasure he had fdt in proposing awl what great en- thusiasm the company had displayed in drinking health, happiness, and long life to Major General Sir Jas. Cockburn. (Tremendous applause.) D. A. S. Davies, Esq., M.P., then in an appropriate speech proposed the Mayor and Corporation of Carmar- then, which was briefly acknowledged by E. H. Stacey, Esq., in the absence of the Mayor. The Chairman next proposed the health of W. Chambers, jun., Esq., who had so ably supported him as Vice Pre- sident. That gentleman was one of the leading pro- moters of agricuJturc in this county, and everything he undertook he pursued with energy aud good intention, and in tile part of the county ill which he resiJcd he set a ùettcrxamT)le than aDV other gentleman for the pros- perity cf agriculture. (This toast was drank with much applause and 3 times 3,) \V. Chambers, Esq., "felt extremely flattered at the handsome manner in which his health had been proposed and received. He was not aware that he deserved the encomiums that had b^cn paid him, but bl; would acknowledge he felt a intense interest in the agrieul- cultural interest of the county. (Cheers.) It was with that view that he had lately busied hiwsc:; with propounding a phn for the establishment of an Agricul- tural College in Wales. (Loud cheers.) He was not in a sitnation to bring forward his scheme at present, uut he would mention that it was proposed to found ail establishment for the Education of Young Farmers, and he had been in communication with the Ed ucation Com- mittee of the Privy Council, and was in hopes that they would see the necessity of establishing free scholarships in the proposed college. (Loud cheers.) The college (or rather the school as he ollht perhaps more modestly to term it) it was contemplated would accommodate 50 young men, who could be edu- cated at an expense of about £20 a year each. There was a large number of landed proprietors in this and the adjoining counties,whohe thought would gladly con- tribute to impart a greater amount of agricultural know- ledge than was at present possessed by the farmers of the Principality. (Hear.) He hoped, in a few weeks to be able to publish the prospectus of the scheme, and trusted it would at least receive the support of all the gentlemen then present. (Cheers.) The Chairman then called upon the company to fill bumpers, and said he rose with great pleasure to pro- pose a toast which he knew would be responded to by every one present, and he hoped would be appreciated throughout the county—he meant Prosperity to the Carmarthenshire Agricultural Society. (Cheers.) He was much gratified in being able to bear testimony to the progress they were making. He had made it a point to attend all the meetings since the formation of the Society, and he was giad to observe that year after year they had been advancing and improving, and that the last exhibition had far exceeded all the preceding ones. (Cheers.) In going through the Show-field in the morning, he had seen as fine an exhibition of animals, sheep and hogs, in particular, as could be shown in the United Kingdom. (Cheers.) There were some re- markably tine oxen, bulls, and cows, which far surpaed those in the exhibition of former years. (Hear.) I he only kind of animal in which he had observed any de- ficiency was the horses, and perhaps nothing more part!- cularly demanded the attention of the farmer than the improvement of the breed of horses. (Hear.) He hoped that on a future occasion he should be enabled to con- gratulate them on a greatly improved breed of horses. (Hear.) There never was a period, he wou H observe, whl'J1 the strenuous exertion of the farmer and agricul- turist were needed morp thaI at present. (Hear, hear.; We were on the ro;iit-(and when he said we, he meant England, Wales, and Scotland,)—to enter into compe- tition w-ith all the nations of the earth for the supply of all kinds of human food, and unless they put their shoul- ders to the wheel and adopted all the improvements in the country, (and he would here f.aythatin no other coun- try was there so much agricultural energy and enterprise as in England) the consequence would be disastrous. (Hear.) At this moment there was greater energy, more scientific knowledge and acquirements, and an in- finitely greater degree of skill brought to bear upon agri- culture in Great Britain than in all the nations of the world. They would find persons coming from all parts to purchase their breeds of horses and other animals, and this evidenced their superiority. (Hear.) He was sorry this part of the country had not made so much progress as other places had, but he hoped they would all take the interest of the society to heart, and that it would shortly vie with any other in the kingdom. The landowners and farmers might depend upon it that unless they exerted themselves to the utmost they would find themselves in circumstances of great difficulty, when the surplus pro- duce of the other nations was brought to our ports. (Hear.) Some people might think that the days of pro- tection would return, but he was of opinion that that could never be. (Hear. ) The circumstances of this country were such that they must nouris h their manufac- tures. (Cheers.) At present foreign nations could, with- out restraint, adopt all the machinery invented and made in England, and they had the advantage of low priced food, while, as a consequence, low wages were given. (Hear.) He had visited nearly all the countries of Eu- rope for the purpose of observing their condition, and his firm conviction was, and he had stated it in the House of Commons, that unless the manufactures of this country are placed on the same footing as ether countries with regard to the price of food, we must decline and fall. (Hear.) They must go on progressing and taking the lead in improvements and industry. By following the example of the manufacturers, and taking the initiative in the invention and improvement of machinery, they would soon supersede all other nations. (Cheers.) In this country (Wales) there were more means of improvement than in any other part of the island, and if they exerted themselves by a combination of landowners and renting farmers, they would raise their character far beyond that of their neighbours. (Cheers.) He would particularly di- rect their attention to the necessity that existed for drain- itig they would see more good land in Wales in an use- less state, bordering upon sterility, than anywhere else. (Hear.) He would here remark that the Government had in the last session of Parliament volunteered to lend one million and a half for draining. He stiv with regret that very few landowners in Wales had availed themselves of this offer. (Hear.) The terms were so advantageous that even monied men were glad to embrace that oppor- tunity, as only G1 per cent. interest and principal were required to be paid to liquidate the debt in 22 years. (Hear. ) Yet scarcely anybody in Wales took advan- tage of the boon. In Scotland, the proposition was no sooner made than nearly all the amount was applied for; while in this county only one gentleman had made appli- cation, and that for a mere bagatelle. He was unwilling to trespass upon their time, but there were several points he was anxious to allude to, and he trusted the leading gentry amongst them would see the importance and ad- vantage of directing attention to them. He thought it of great importance that good seeds should be introduced into this country. Fine corn was capable of being intro- duced into this country, and yet the oats grown here fetched a less price than in any part of the kingdom, and rather lower than what was paid in Ireland. He had seen samples of oats with a tenant of his, a day or two before, which would fetch 4s. or 5s. a quarter more than the oats usually grown in this country, and he accounted for this in consequence of his tenant, who was an intelli- gent man, having imported a superior quality of seeds. He would also suggest that a better means of husbanding and taking care of manure should be adopted. (Hear.) He went about the various farms and found that the best part of the ii-iaiilire-its liquid-was allowed to run about the yard and empty itself into brooks. He would endea- vour to impress upon the minds of farmers that this was the most important part of the manure and he would advise the landlords to direct their attention to the farm yards and see that the manure was properly preserved. (Hear.) In England every farmer considered the con- serving of liquid manure the most essential part of farming. He would here pause in his remarks, and beg them to join in drinking Prosperity, progressively in- creasing, to the Carmarthenshire Agricultural Society. (The toast was received with loud and general applause). The Vice Chairman proposed the health of the Judges, to whom he paid a merited compliment. The Chairman having borne testimony to the impar- tiality of the Judges the toast was drank with 3 times 3, and Mr. Greenish, of Neeston, returned thanks. The Chairman then proposed the health of Mr. Geo. Goode, the Secretary, whom he characterised as the pillar and corner stone of the Society. (Cheers.) He knew not how the Society could have carried on its operations without the very valuable and able services of Mr. Goode. The sacrifice of his time and his energy on behalf of the Society called on them to express the deepest gratitude for his sei vices. (Hear.) Mr. Goode, he might almost say, was the founder of the Society, and to the present hour he had fostered and preserved it in its progressive career. (Cheers.) There could now be no doubt of its gradual advancement, which could not but bebeneficial to the county at large. He begged to propose Mr. Goode's health, and thanks to him for his valuable services. (Tremendous cheering.) Mr. Goode returned thanks, and expressed his pride at the prosperous state of the Society. He wished to mention that he had since 1813 conducted the affairs of the Society, and he found now that the great increase of its business compelled him reluctantly but respect- fully to resign the office of Secretary, and he begged t4ey would name some other person to fill the office. (Cries of "Nonsense," "We will not listen to you," &c.) He would render the Society every assistance in his power, but was reluctantly compelled to resign the Secretaryship. (Cries of "No.") lie hoped in a few years the Society would be able to compete with any Society in Wales, if not with most of those in England. (Hear.) He then read the following list of the prizes awarded, premising that Mr. Evans, of Alltycadno, had won seven prizes, but was only entitled to two of those sriven bv the Society. LIST OF PREMIUMS. CATTLE. For the best bull of any breed, premium given by the IIon, G. It. Trevor, M.P., silver cup, value JE-5, to T. W. Lawford, Esq., (17 competitors.) For the best two-year-old or aged bull, of the Black or Castlemartin breed, premium given by Major-General Sir James Cockburn, Bart., Vice-President for the year, silver cup, value £5 5s., (open to non-Subscribers) to Mr. Geo. Goode. For the best yearling bull, of the Black or Castlemar- tin breed, bred by the exhibitor) premium given by Lewis Morris, Esq., silver cup value E3. (open to non- Subscribers) to Mr. John Evans, Alltycadno. PREMIUMS GIVEN BY TIIR SOCIETY. For the best yearling bull (bred by the exhibitor) E3, to the Rev. D. H. T. G. Williams, For the best breeding cow (in milk), f3, to W. du Buisson, Esq. For the bust two-ycar-old heifer (bred by the exhi- bitor), to Capt. Cross, Abermarles. For the best do. of the Black or Castlemartin breed (bred by the exhibitor), E3, to Mr. Geo Goode. For the best yearling heifer (bred by the exhibitor) 9 3, to Lewis Morris, Esq, For the best pair of two-year-old steers (bred by the exhibitor), £ 3, to W. Waters, Esq., Rushmoor. For the best pair of yearling steers (bred by the exhi- bitor), £:3, to W. Waters, Esq., Rushmoor. A silver cup, value E,5 5s., the gift of D. A. S. Davies, Esq., M.P., for the three best milch cows, bred in Car- marthenshire; the cows must be in profit at the time of shewing (This premium is open to all farmers, whether subscribers or not, but certificates of the cows having been bred in the county must be produced) to Mr. Morris, Brook. A silver cup, value E,5 5s., given by D. A. S. Davies, Esq., M.P., for the fattest ox, the ox to be in the pos- session of the exhibitor six months before the day of shew, No competition, but the animal shewn, belonging to Lloyd V. Watkins, Esq., was deemed deserving of merit, and the prize will be awarded to it by the Com- mittee. SIIEEP. For thebestramofanybrecd.premium given by the Hon. G. It. Trevor, M.P., £ 5, to Mr. John Evans, Alltycadno. This animal also won the prize for the best Yearling Ram. PREMIUMS GIVEX BY THE SOCIETY. I.ONG-WOOL SHEEP, INCLUDING CROSSES. For the best two-year old or aged ram, £ j, to \V. B. Gwyn, Esq., Pilroath. For the best yearling ram (bred by tile exmbitor), £3, to Mr. John Evans, Alltycadno. For the best pen of five two-vear-old or aged ewes, having reared lambs in 1817, to Captain Bowen Davies. For the best pen of five yearling ewes (bred by the exhibitor), £ 3, to Evan Stephens, Esq., Bertwn. SIIOUT-WOOL SHEEP. For the best two- year-old or aged ram £ 3, to T. Mor- gan, Esq., Maesgwrda. For the best yearling ram (bred by the exhibitor) f3, to T. Morgan, Esq., Maesgwrda. For the best pen of five two-year-old or aged ewes, having reared lambs in IS17, ;C;3, to W. Morris, Esq. For the best peii of 1ho yearling ewes (bred by the xIiibitor) E3, to W. H. Shield, Esq., Llandawke. HORSES. For the best stallion, calculated to get hnnters or hackneys, that shall have covered exclusively within the county, in the season of 1847, (premium given by the Hon. G. It. Trevor, M.P.) £ 10, to Mr. Jeremiah Olive, Golden Lion Inn. PREMIUMS GIVEN BY THE SOCIETY. For the best cart stallion that shall have covered (principally) in the county in the season of 1847, E,), to Lewis Morris, Esq., but as this horse has won the same premium twice before, the question as to whether he is entitled to this prize is left to the Committee. For the best brood mare, calculated to breed hunters or hackneys, £ 3, to Mr. David Harries, Abcrsannan. For the best brood mare of the cart breed, E2, to Mr, John Evans, Alltycadno. For the best two-year-old colt or filly, calculated for a huuter or hackney (bred by the exhibitor) £ 3, to Capt. Cross, Abermarles. For the best yearling ditto, (bred by the exhibitor) E2, to Mr. John Evans, Alltycadno, who declined ac- cepting the prize, which was then awarded to Mr. Jas, Evans, Parknest. For the best two-year-old cart colt or filly, (bred by the exhibitor) JE3, to Captain Cross, but as he had also gained more than 2 prizes, this was awarded to Air. Jones, of Grecneastle. For the best yearling ditto, (bred by the exhibitor) E2, to E. M. Davies, Esq., Penallt. PIGS. For the best boar, E3, to ,,Ir. Evans, Alltycadno, who resigned the prize to Mr. Lawford. For the best sow, £ 3, to Mr. John Evans, Alltycadno. A premium of £ 5 given by William Chambers, Esq., jun., for the best account, shewing the annual pro- fit or loss upon the farm. There were two competitors, \V. Carver, Esq., Wenallt, and T. Morgan, Esq., Maes- gwrda, but as the Judges had left the show-yard at so late an hour, the examination of the books was left to a future day. Lord Milford's premiums—1st premium, £.5, to W. Morris, Esq. Lord Milford's 2nd premium, £.j, to :lr, Gco, GuOt]c, The health of the successful candidates was then pro- posed by the Chairman, who remarked that Mr. Evans had set a noble example to his brother tenant-faamers, and was an honour to Wales. (Cheers) He suggested that more prizes should be awarded to tenant-farmers than had hitherto been the case. The successful competitors having returned thanks, the health of the unsuccessful competitors was drank for which Mr. Shield returned thanks. An interesting discussion then took place as to the relative merits of the Castlemartin Black cattle and Hereford or Durham cattle, in which the Chairman advocated the latter, and Mr. Geo. Goode and Mr. Ro- bert Waters t11 e former. The health of William Morris, Esq., the Treasurer of the Society, was then drank with enthusiasm, for which D. Morris, Esq., M.P., returned thanks, jocularly re- marking that an "unavoidable circumstance" had pre- vented Mr. T7. Morris from attending. After a speech in Welsh from Mr. Morgan Rees, of Tynywaun, whose skill in the cultivation of his farm situated on a high mountain range, has excited universal admiration and astonishment, the health of The strangers" was drank, for which Mr. R. Waters and Mr. Chalmers returned thanks. The Chairman then retired, and the party shortly afterwards broke up. CONVOCATION OF THE CLEUUY.—On Friday last, the election of Proctors to serve in convocation for the Dio- cese of St. David's took place, pursuant to public notice, at St. Peter's Church, at twelve o'clock at noon. Arch- deacon Bevan proposed the Dean of St. David's as Proc- tor to represent the Chapter and Cathedral Church of I St. David's and the Rev. T. Francis, Vicar of Mothvey, proposed the Rev. J). H. T. Williams, Rector of Pezi- boyr, and the Rev. J. Evans, B.D., Vicar of Llanboidy, to serve as Proctors for the general body of the Clergy. The presiding officer, the Rev. D. A. Williams, allowed an interval of a quarter of an hour to nominate any other candidate and none having appeared at the expi- ration of that time, he-dedared the parties proposed duly elected, and ordered the return to be made accor- dingly. CARMARTHEN PETTY SESSIONS.—On Saturday last, in addition to a number of cases in which farm servants were fined for riding in carts without proper reins to their horses, several applications from the South Wales Railway Company for the appointment of sur- veyors to value hnd required for the purposes of the rail way were heard aud adj udicated upon. The follow- ing magistrates were on the bench J. E. Saunders, J. G. Philipps, H. Lawrence, M.D D. Prytherch, D. Dades, and T. Jones, M.D., Esquires, but the three first-named gentlemen declined acting in consequence of being shareholders in the undertaking. The first case heard was The South Wales Railway v. Mrs. Mary Milbourne Davies, of Swansea. Mr. John Wickey Stable appeared as agent for the Company, aud Mr. Benjamin Jones, Llanelly, attended as local agent. Mr. Jones having stated that the lands in question were on the farm of Cwmfelin, in the parish of Llandefeilog, and that this was an application under the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, proceeded to put legal copies of the Company's Acts of Parliament, and also a notice signed by the Secretary to the Company (whose signa- ture was proved in each case by Mr. Stable,) dated February 24th, 1847, stating the intention of the Com- pany to take the lands for the purposes of the Railway. Proof of the service of this notice upon the 5tli of March having been given, Mr. Robert Brodie, resident Assis- tant Engineer to the Company, was called and deposed that the plans and books of reference (which he pro- duced) were copies of the plan and book of reference deposited with the Clerk of the Peace for this County. The lands (Mr. Brodie added) are required by the Com- pany who are desirous of entering them. Mr. Lewis Wilson deposed that there had been no agreement entered into with the defendant, neither had there been any verdict of a jury or award in reference to these lands. Mr. B. Jones upon this applied for the appoint- ment or a surveyor to value the lands on behalf of the defendant. The application was granted and Mr. Thos. Bowen, of the Aqueduct Cottage, Kidwelly, was ap- pointed. Mr. Geo Thomas appeared as solicitor for the defendant. South Wales Railway Company v. Thomas and Ann Thomas, of Cwmfuchan. This was a similar application to the last in relation to lands at Penfrynfach, and St. Clears. 111'. P. G, Jones ap- peared as 10cClI agent for the Company and eviclence having been adduced as in tLc last case (NIr. Alfred Thomas being the valuer, examined instead of Mr. Wilson) the appointment of a surveyor on behalf of defendant was applied for. Application granted. Mr. Edmund Blathwayt appointed. Mr. George Thomas appeared for defendant. South Wales Railway Com- pany v. William Thomas, Cilhardd, Mydrim. This was a similar case to its predecessors and on the appli- cation of Mr. P. G. Jones, Mr. E. Blaithwayt was appointed surveyor for defendant. South Wales Railway Company v. David Davies, Waundurgi, near Narberth. In this case which was an application for a surveyor to value land on the farm of Tyr-issa in the parish of Llandefeilog, the fact of the defendant being the owner of thc land was contraverted by M1'. Geo. Thomas, who appeared for the defendant, and who affirmed that Mr. David Davies had not a single acre of land in the neigh- bourhood of Llandefeilog, and that consequently notice had been served upon the wrong party. Mr. Lewis Wilson, however, stated that defendant had accom- panied him over the land with Mr. Goode, had conversed about the amount of compensation, and had otherwise reputed himself as the owner in addition to this John Price, Clerk to Mr. B. Jones, said that defendant had told him that he owned the land. The magistrates deemed this sufficient and appointed Mr. Thos. Bowen to be the surveyor. South Wales Railway Company v. George Davies, Ivy Bush Hotel, Carmarthen.-This was a case in which a surveyor was applied for to value the land required by the Company in front of Piborwen. After the usual proofs had been adduced, Mr. John Harvey, of Haverfordwest, was appointed to value the land. South Wales Railway Company v. Geo. Davies, as tenant to the Rev. Sir Erasmus Williams, Baronet. This case was only partly heard and adjourned for a week in consequence of the absence of the Clerk who had served the notice upon Sir Erasmus Williams. On Monday last, Thomas Ecalls was committed by D. Prytherch, Esq., for trial at the Quarter Sessions, charged with having stolen a pair of half boots, the property of Mr. Thomas Thomas, Mansel Arms, Llanarthney. CARMARTHEN" DISTRICT BOARD.—A meeting of the Roads Board for the Carmarthen District, took place on Monday last, at which there were present :—W. Carver, Esq., Wenallt, (Chairman), T. Jones, M.D., H. Lewis, J. Bowen, M.D., Geo. Goode, H. Lawrence, M.D., Howell Davies, and Geo. Saunders, Esquires; the latter qualified as a member of the Board. The sur- veyor in suggesting that the contracts for stones for 1848 should be given out in Nov. next instead of in March in each year as had been the practice hitherto, said if the contracts were given out in March, there were no stones to be obtained in January or February, nor were thne any contractors to convey the scrapings of the roads away, but on the other hand, if the contracts were let in November there would be ample time to prepare materials for the roads before the commencement of the year. Frequently under the system hitherto adopted the roads became impassable in the oepth of winter. After a short discussion it was resolved, upon the pro- position of Dr. Bowen seconded by Dr. Jones, that a special meeting should be held on the 4th proximo for the purpose of letting the contracts, and thus carrying into effect the surveyor's suggestion. The estimates for the year 1843, amounting to £1520. were laid before the Board, and the surveyor stated that they rather exceeded those of last year which were £1;)43 including £100 for debentures, which £100 was not included in thefl.520 above mentioned. After a conversation respecting the propriety of erecting a wall on the road side near Dolhaidd, and another on the Keuarth side of New- castle, both places being on the banks of the Tivy, where there are fearful declivities, the expense of their erection feingjMG surveyor observed that the Mail Inspector had already complained to Government of the dangerous tate of the road near Dolhaidd, so that it was imperative to proceed with that improvement, but the wall on the Kenarth side of Newcastle might stand over till a future period. The sum of £36 6s. was thereupon struck out of the estimates, which were other- wise approved of. The meeting then adjourned. LLANELLY.—On Friday last the sum of fifty pounds which David Morris, Esq., our excellent representative had placed at the disposal of his constituents at Llanelly for the poor, was divided. The ministers of religion of all denominations in the Borough were the committee appointed for the purpose of distribution, who have spared no trouble to find out the most deserving poor, without any reference to denominational distinctions, a good moral character being the only requisite. One hundred received ha)f-a-crown each, one hundred re- ceived four shillings each, and se\cntyreceived five shillings each. How much rational was this than the more absurd fashion of throwing money in handfuls to the populace. The South Wales Railway is rapidly progressing at Llanelly, no less than a hundred and fifty men being employed under Messrs. Jones and Douglas, the con- tractors for walling in the sands between Llanelly and Pembrey. LLANELLY WESLEYAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL.—On the 16th inst. the children taught at this institution were regaled with their annual treat of tea and plum cake at the infant school-room. There were aoout 150 children present, whose cleanly appearance did great credit to their parents, and whose good behaviour and excellent singing evidence d the labour bestowed on them by their teachers. The children were addressed by their minister, the Rev. Robert Rees. After the children had dispersed, the teachers and other officers of the school took tea together,being the evening spent in considering the state of the school, and in religious conversation. LLANDF.BIE.—AN OLD OFFENDER BROUGHT TO JUSTICE.-—.James Pope, alias William Kitchen, alias John Jewel, who has been of late years the terror of Cornwall, where he had committed a great number of robberies such as horse-stealing, &c., and on the 13th of January bst set on tire an Inn in the parish of Breage in the county of Cornwall, for which he was apprehended, but effected his escape from the officers and made his way to Wales. He located lately in the parish of Llandebie, where he was apprehended by Po1iec Ser- jeant Edwards anfl P.C. Lewis, the active officers at Cross Inn station, and taken before J. L. Thomas, Esq., w hen he was remanded fur one week in order that Edwards might correspond with the Cornish authorities. Suùseqllelltly he was removed by Serjeant Edwards to Cornwall w here he was at once identified and fully committed to take his trial at the Assizes for arson and horse-stealing. There was also a person of the name of Bauden committed with Pope, charged with being an accessory hefore tire fact in the arson case. I There were two rewards o!fered for Pope's appre- hension, CATTLE FAIRS have been held at Llanboidy on the 181h and at Newcastle Emlyn on the 21st inst. l each of these places the number of store Beasts offerf was a full average one. The drovers purchased verY sparingly and at still lower prices than of late. Fat cat- tie continue in good demand, at from 4d. to 6jd. per sinking offal. For horses of all descriptions (althoug the prices are lower) the same demand continues. Shee? are a shade lower and are not in so good demand as 0 late. Pigs of a,, silrts are lower in price. The Lhnelly ncw school-room is pro;jressing fa\"?Ur- ably, and has the aid of all classes. The subscriptlOO already obtained amount to 1:340.
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P E M B R O K E S III R E THE PEMBROKESHIRE EDUCATIONAL met at the Baptist chapel, Haverfordwest, on Frid1 morning last, to consider the course to be adopted 111 reference to the Welsh Normal School, Brecon. IVilliato Walters, Esq. was in the chair. There appeared to be but one opinion in reference to the question of (W vernment aid, and all were decidedly opposed to the re' ception of any grants towards the Institution. SeverO members of the committee were of opinion that tbe locality of the school was not well selected, and  Haverfordwest would be far preferable on account  easy and cheap access to it, and also the :Il?, local sympathy and support it would i-e eiN-e [This 16 the voluntary principle exemplified every man for himself" is an old saying, and" every town for itsen* forms an appropriate sequitur.] A deputation, sisting of Wm. Walters, Wm. Owen, and Wm. Rees, Esquires, was appointed to attend the annual meeting- CHURCH PASTORAL AID SOCIETY.-Scri-nonsinbe, half of the above society were preached at the sevel" churches in Haverfordwest, on Sunday last, by the C. Clayton, A.M., secretary to the society, and Rev- Wvndham Jones, rector of Loughor, Glamorganshife A public meeting was held on Monday evening, at the Town-hall, J. H. Phiiipps, Esq., of Williamston, in the chair. The meeting was addressed by the deputation, ad other friends of the society, and a liberal collection ffla do at the close. ESCAPE OF TWO PRISONERS FROM HAVEnFORe WET GAOL.—On Tuesday morning last, considera excitement was occasioned at the above gaol in con- sequence of a discovery that 2 prisoners named Thorn Cannon and David Owen, had succeeded in making their escape from the prison, under somewhat ex traordinarY circumstances. About 6 o'clock in the morning a '?. penter named John Lewis, who had just commenced his work at a coach house on the Castle HHI, immediate. under the walls of the gaol, observed several counter, panes tied together suspended from an aperture in the south western tower of the castle, about 30 feet ffo the ground. Suspecting that some of the prisoners 1)3 escaped, lie informed the governor of the circumstance who instituted immediate search in the wards wl'1' commnnicated with the tower, and it was found that the 2 prisoners were missing. As the prisoners had onlY been let out of their cells about a quarter of an ho*? before this time into the ward kitchen and could CO" sequenily not have gone far, an active pursuit wa; instantly set on fuot. Information was obtained that b persons corresponding with the description of the prisoners had been seen passing by the North Gate and making towards Camrose, in which direction ™ Jones, the governor of the gaol, proceeded on horseb3c r accompanied by a numerous retinue on foot. Afted proceeding about two miles, the fugitives were ob-er*e a crossing a field at a rapid pace near Redhill, in diffcreP directions, having perceived that they were pursued, Mr. Jones dismounted and ran after Owen, whom be succeeded in capturing with the assistance of antbdr man. The other persons in chase had now arri*e' and search was made for the prisoner Cannon, who, I was supposed, had ensconced himself in a neighbourillg wood, but after scouring the locality in all directionS, they failed to discover the runaway, and gave up the pursuit. The captured prisoner was escorted back to gaol, and information, respecting the other was im106 diately sent to Fishguard and other parts of the entintf l supposed to be in his route, and a reward of £ 3 ofrere j for his apprehension, but lie had not been taken whell our report was dispatched. It appeared on exarainati0 of the aperture through which the prisoners made thel: escape, that they must have taken considerable pains t effect their purpose. The cell from which the egresS was accomplished is used as the black-hole, and is sidered the strongest in the prison. It had formerly window overlooking the Castle Hill, which has llJf'ä since been built up with very strong masonry, I) jj secured also with 2 thick iron gratings, imbedded I the wall, so as to render it to all appearance iinpreg, nablc. Notwithstanding these obstacles, the prisol" rs with the use of a small piece of iron about a foot lot1' broken from the kitchen fire grate, succeeded I removing the inner grating and making a hole unde the other through the wall, sufficiently large to let themselves out. The counterpanes were fastened to t r grating inside, by means of which they effected tbCI descent. It is the practice in the prison to open the w indows and doors of the cells for half an hour e?B? morning and evening for the purpose of vpntila?. during which time the prisoners are allowed the rang, of the whole ward. The black-hole door being opened on these occasions, the pnsooers it sreØ; availed themselves of the opportunity thus afforded theii of entering the cell, and ,igorously applying themsel\' 1 in the darkwhpnopportunityofrf.redjtotheirappare? hopeless undertaking, which however after.øut a fo?t' night's labour, they succeeded in accompl'sh:no'j?c detection of the prisoners, during the progress 01 project was a very unlikely event, inasmuch as the blackliole had not been used as a place of solitary c0° nnemcnt for some time past, and although the door w open daily, still the total darkness of the place pre?n' d any traces of their work being seen without a SPCC'A search. The prisoner Owen was a short time si"Ce committed for trial at the next Quarstl er Sessions  obtaining goods under false pretences, and Cannon also committed for trial at the same sessions, for entenn» .adweliing-houseand steaHng?l Is. -id. threin It is stated that he is a native of Cheltenham. L A of LUNATIC ASYLUM.—On Saturday last, a meeting ° the committee of magistrates of the county of PembroKe. to treat with the committees of adjoining counties, for the erection of a central Lunatic Asylum, was held a the Shire-hall, Haverfordwest. The following memher were present, Earl Cawdor, Lord Milford, J. H. Philipps, Nicholas Roch, W:n. Richards, Esqrs., and the flel, Chancellor Melville, when an agreement for the er:clloi of a Jomt panpcr Lunatic Asylum, with the counties 0 Glamorgan, Cardigan, and Carmarthen, was executed.
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CARDIGANSHIRE. CARDIGAN REVISION COURTS.—On Wednesday the Revising Barrister, N..Carne, Esq., held his court a the Shire-hall, Cardigan, to revise the list of voters for the boroughs of Cardigan, Larnpeter, and Adpar. There were numerous objections on behalf of botb Conservatives and Liberals, but nothing of importaBc transpired. THE NEW BAPTIST CttAPEL at Cardigan is no nearly completed, and in the course of two or thrCe weeks will be opened for public worship. It is a vcry handsome and commodious building, and no expefl6 e has been spared in its erection and completion. ABEUYSTWITH SC¡¡OOL EXBIlNATIo:On the! !:h instant, the examination of the scholars at the levan dav school, took place at the chapel, Qllccll Street. We have already more than once in our colun! mentioned in favourable terms the skill of Mr. Wil' liams, the master of the school, and on this occasi"11 the answers of the children in geography, natural" and bible history, as well as their oxtraordinaO readiness in mpnta-l and practical arithmetic, rdlpeteJ the highest credit upon the master and pupils. The chapel was quite full, and the audience, consisting some of the principal inhabitants of the town .1 ti several of the English summer residents, were highly gratified with this intellectual exhibition. Prizes 0 f valuable books were awarded to the following scholars for proficiency in different departments of study. John Hughes, Erw Goch, for proficiency in Granimac Edward Powell, Arithmetic John Williams, Writing' John Sweeny, History and Geography; John Evans, Etymology; David Jones, Bible History; Robert Lewis, Bible Geography Wm. Watkins, best attend- ance at school. Between the lessons several pieceS were sung by the pupils with great taste and feeling' and we deem it by no means to be one of the lowest in the scale of Mr. Williams's peculiar qualifications as 9 teacher, his skill in teaching his pupils to sing so pleasingly and so much in tune, and we are surpr ised the study of singing should not be more generally intro- duced in schools, seeing that it can be cultivated without any prejudice to studies considered more tecb' nically scholastic. STORM AT ABERYSTWYTH.—The weather for the paS* fortnight has been changeable, but on the evening Of the 15th, the sky became gloomy, the wind freshened and varied from W. to S., and rain commenced falling- At six p. m. a heavy gale commenced, and the rain came down in turrents during the night, the wind vary ing to the S.W. About three a. tn. of the lflth, the freshes (or latest water) came down the rivers Rhydo' and Ystwith, which rose to a great height. On account of the contrary winds for the past ten or twelve dayf,, the harbour was greatly crowded with wind bound ve" sels, and the freshes coming down so suddenly, great damage has been done to a number of vessels- The first vessel that broke adrift was the schooner AliI. and Mary, Richards and the sloop Sussex, Griffiths) being ninorecl alongside, was carried away with tbe schooner they both forced away the sloops Waterloo and Atalanta, the brig Bootle, and the schooner Susal1; and were brought up to the entrance of the harbour- The amount of damage done to the above vessels, aS nearly as can now be ascertained, is as follows, viz. The schooner Ann and Mary, bowsprit gone, mainbooll, carried away, and bulwarks broken. The sloop Sussex> bowsprit gone, bulwarks and stanchion, rail, &c., da- maged in the hull, makes much water, and boat crushed to pieces it is expected the cargo, being salt, is da' maged. Waterloo, bulwarks and stanchion gone. lanta, crosstree carried away. The Bootle had hef sheathing cut under water. Susan, headboard, &c-, damaged. On the 16th the wind was blowing a colir plete gale with a heavy sea in the bay; about 11 o'cloc a. m., a sloop was seen running for this harbour, wi scarcely any sail set; she reached the harbour in safetvl and proved to be the Osprey, Jenkins, from Newport. We have not been visited with such a storm for a ell" siderable time, and the weather up to this day, the 2-s > remains very unsettled.