The Welshman

THE HUMAN MIND. Nothing, perhaps, would conduce so much to the know- ledge of the human mind, as a close attention to the actions and thoughts of very young children; and yet no branch in the history of human nature is more neg- lected. The pleasant and extravagant notions of the infantile mind anius6 for the instant, and are imme- diately forgotten: whereas they merit to be registered with the utmost care for it is here-and here alone- that we can discover the nature and character of first principles. An attention to the commencement and development of their ideas would correct many of our speculative notions, and confute most of the sentiments of abstract philosophers, respecting what they so confi- dently advance concerning these first principles. — Cogan. AUSTRIAN DESPOTISM. Every man in Austria pays an income tax of seventeen per cent., which must all come from the industry of the country, and go into the pockets of the emperor. For ) what purpose ? To enable him to establish schools, and provide the people with the means of moral and intellec- tual culture? To build railways and canals, and to fur- nisli the people with facilities for cheap and speedy in- tercourse and trade ? No but chiefly for the mainte- nance of an army for their destruction, if they attempt to improve their condition, by remodelling their social ill- stitutions and for the support of agents, who enter their social and domestic circles, to listen to their most secret words, and watch their inoit secret actions.-Six Months at Graefenberg. INTELLECTUAL PRECOCITY. I It once happened (at the beginning of all these mis- takes) that an anxious mother asked Mrs. Bnrbauid, at what age she should begin to teach her child to read ? I should much prefer that a child should not be able to read before five years of age," was the reply. Why, then, have you written books for children of three?" 11 Because if young mammas will be over busy, they had -better teach in a good way than in a bad one." I have known clever precocious children at three years dunces at twelve.and dunces at six particularly clever at sixteen. One of the most popular authoresses of the present day could not read when she was seven. Her mother was rather uncomfortable about it, but said that as everybody did learn to read with opportunity, she supposed her child would do so at last. By eighteen, this apparently slow genius paid the heavy but inevitable debts of her father from the profits of her first work, and before thirty had published thirty v(,Iuries !-IIoit. Miss Murray's Remarks on Education. AN IDOL CHEATED DY THE HORSEWHIP. I A mile below Scrampour, there is a large pagoda, held in extreme veneration. The principal idol is brought out once a year, on a car like that of Jugger- naut, to visit some of his neighbours. An immense concourse is always collected on those occasion?, and here, as at Juggernaut, the poor wretches throw them- selves under the wheel of the car to be crushed to death? Mr. Pakenham, Lord Wm. Bentinck's private secretary, happened to be passing through this place on horseback, last year, at the time of the cerenionv. He saw a Hindoo throw himself down in the way of the car; the wheels were near upon him, when Mr. Pakenham gal- loped up and belaboured the martyr with his horsewhip. The poor devil jumped up, and ran as fast as his legs could carry him into his jungle, shouting murder He was quite prepared to endure a horrible death, but a horsewhipping was a thing that had never entered into his calculations. What acapricious principle is courage! -tiinid and spiritless as these people are, there are forms under which death seems to them a matter perfectly indifferent. I- oyage dans V Jude par Victor Jacquemont. AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS. I If the reader wishes to form an idea of the raritv of I the works paid for by the publishers, let him consider the following statement: All poems, all sermons, all works on morals and metaphysics, are, with scarcely an exception, without a price. Novels, when by popular authors, are paid for at prices varying from £ 100 to E.500 and, in one or two instances, to E 1,500 when bv authors unknown as novelists, but tolerably known in other departments, they are the publisher's iisk and half profits when by clergymen, gentlemen of a literarv turn, titled ladies, or aspiring clerks, the publisher either consents to print them at his own risk and profit, or else demands a sum of money for the printer, the sum varying from E.50 to E'200. A first novel is never paill for. One publisher is known to print gratuitously any novel not too wretched, with the understanding that if it succeeds," (what a latitude !) the author shall be paid "something, (another) for his second novel. In this way he is enabled to keep up a running firenf new novels, scarcely one of which is ever paid for. Histories, when mere compilation, or hack-work, are paid for as such; when laborious works, the authors are often handsomely remunerated. It requires, however, a name, a lucky subject, or some fortunate chance, to get a pub- lisher. Works of science are generally published at the risk of their authors. Unless the book be very striking indeed, an author has a bad chance who publishes his own book, The trade can only be efficiently curried on by the trade. A publisher has a hundred ways of pllsh- ing" a book, of which the author would never dream. Publishing is an expensive luxury, which authors should eschew yet the delight of appearing in print is so great, that no homily can deter them. A poet was once asked by his publisher how many copies of his poem, then in sheets, he would like to have put in boards ? The whole edition," replied the confident author. Humph said the publisher, just as you please but if you will take my advice, you will only have a dozen or so." Why not the whole ?" askpd the indignant poet. Because," answered his adviser, it sjjoils them for waste-paper." Fraser, A LADY OF SENTIMENT. His tumultuous reverie was broken by the sobs of Lady Bertie. Bv heaven, I cannot endure this 1" said Tancred, advancing. Death seems to me preferable to her unhappiness. Dearest of women Do not call me that," she murmured. I can bear anything from your lips but words of fondness. And pardon all this; I am not myself to-day. I had thought that I had steeled myself to all to our inevitable separation but I have mistaken myself, at least miscalculated my strength. It is very weak and very foolish, but you must pardon it. I am too much interested in your career to wish you to I delay your departure a moment for my sake. I can bear our separation, at least I think I can. I shall quit the world-for ever. I should have done so had we not met. I was on the point of doing so when we did meet—when —when my dream was at length realised. Go, g(, do not stay. Bless you, and write to me, if I be alive to receive your letters."—I cannot leave her," thought the harrowed Tancred. It never shall be saut of me that I could blight a woman's life or break her heart." But, just as he was advancing, the door opened, nnd a servant brought in a note, and, without looking at Tancred, who had turned to the window, disappeared. The desolation and despair which had been impressed on the counte- nance of Lady Bertie and Bellair vanished in an instant, as she recognised the handwriting of her correspondent. They were succeeded by an expression of singular ex- citement. She tore open the note a stupor seemed to spread over her features, and, giving a faint shriek, she fell into a swoon. Tancred rushed to her side: she was quite insensible, and pale as alabaster. The note, which was only two lines, was open and extended in her hands. It was from no idie curiosity, but it was impossible for Tancred not to read it. He had one of those eagle visions that nothing could escape, and, himself extremelv alarmed, it was the first object at which he unconsciously glanced in his agitation to discover the cause and the remedy for the crisis. The note ran thus- "3 o'Clock. The Narrow Gauge has won. We are utterly done; (1ml nicks tells lite you bought five hundred more yes- t,Iuy, ot t, Is it possible? p." "fait possible!" echoed Tancred, as entrusting Lady Bertie to her maid, he rapidly descended the staircase of t.r I:¡atls;,)[J, -.Hr. lJ'Jsr,(I:!i'¡; TaJ/c,'ed. her mansion. —Mr. D'/iriteli's Tancred. I A PRACTICAL JOKE AND A FLOPHISM. I Thelwilll thought it very unfair to influence a child's mind by incalculating any opinions before it had cane to the years of discretion to choose for itself. I showed him into my garden, and told it was my botanical gar- den How so ?" said he; it is covered with weeds." Oh I replied, "that is only because it has not yet com: to its age of discretion of choice. The -rfeeds, you see, have takea the liberty to grow, aud I thought it unfair in m" to prej udice the soil towards roses and straw- berries. "— Coleridge. ENGLISH TRAVELLERS. I was somewhat amused with seeing a splendid car- riage, with footman and outriders, crossing the mountain, the glorious landscape full in view, containing a richly- dressed lady,who was fast asleep! It is no uncommon thing to meet carriages in the Highlands in which the occu- pants are reading while being whirled through the finest scenery. And, apropos of this subject, my German friend related to me an incident. His brother was travelling on the Rhine, and, wMbi in the midst of the grandest scenes, met a carriage containing an English gentleman and lady, both asleep, while on the seat behind was stationed an artist sketching away with all his might. He asked the latter the reason of his industry, when he answered, Oh, my lord wishes to see, every night, what he has passed during the day, and so I sketch as we go aloilg — Afoot. CAPSICUM IIOUSE-FOR YOUNG LADIES. I PROSPECTUS.—(Private and Conifdential.) I Miss Bianca Griffin—having quitted her former resi- dence for her present most extensive establishment— deems the occasion peculiarly auspicious for the further developement of what she ventures to call the Grifflnian System of Education for Young Ladies. Now Miss Griffin has, with inexpressible pain, observed, that the modern accomplishments (as they are audaciously de- nominated) of females ar by no means calculated to hold man in that proper subjection for which he was un- doubtedly created. Why, it may be asked, was woman made less physically strong than man ? Simply, that she might be morally more powerful! Man is weaker than the whale yet man, by his superior wisdom, har- poons the fish (and supplies the stay-makers.) Thus from the very weakness of woman may we expect the greater strength. The weapons to subdue Man are not to be found in the library, b14 in the kitelicit The weakest part of the crocodile is his stomach. Man is a crocodile! Miss Griffin does not desire to depreciate the elements of modern education; nevertheless, she has her little mission to fulfil in this world; her mission, as her niece of six years old is wont to observe when she gives milk to the kitten-to fulfil, and will not shrink from the peril involved in it. Miss G. then declares—and not without emotion—that she knows not in the wide world a more pathetic object than a young lady returning home from what is called a finishing establishment. Poor thing! What does she really know, to arm her for the rough battle of existence ? She becomes a wife, we will say; and, the ring upon her finger, one by one she moults all her accomplish- ments. She might as well never have been finished. We will first take music. She has learned to play Mr. Thalherg-, Mr. Herz, and Mr. Liszt. She knows all their variations, which are nothing more or less than fire- works on the piano. She knows music time wonderfully but does she know kitchen time ? Can she tell-the weight given-how long it will take to boil a leg of mutton ? Miss G. is afraid not. And the finished young lady knows the use of globes. She will put her little finger upon Arabia Patrsett at a minute's notice and, in fact, go round the world quite as well as Captain Cooke. But though she can turn the globe, can she put her hand to an apple-dumpling ? Miss G. trembles to give an answer. And the finished young lady can paint a peacock on velvet, she has so light a touch. But can she tell the age of a simple fowl at a poulterer's (to say nothing of ducks and geese ?) Miss G. cannot venture a reply. Miss Griffin might proceed in the enumeration of what are called accomplishments. She will pause—pause and ask, of what use are the qualities (if they may be so called) already specified, to the young woman in the proper direction of a husband? It is more than serious to think-no use whatever. Music, painting, and geography may be looked upon as the extras of life which married men care nothing about. Now breakfasts din- ners, and suppers are things of daily interest. She, who directs the husband's appetite, guides the husband. Man, as a lover—hideous hypocrite !—professes to ad- mire the theory of knowledge in all its matters of filagree. As a husband he demands the sternness of practice. He, who with his afifanced will talk of mounting to the stars, when married will expect his wife to descend to the affairs of the kitchen. Man is a monster; but we must rnnke the best of him. It is our mission. Theory and practice Miss Griffin will here venture an illustration. She will take the ingredients of plum- pudding-if she may be permitted. The finished young lady, looking at the currants, and raisins, and candied lemon-peel, and brandv and flour, and bread, and all the harmonizing beauties of plum-pudding, will discourse upon them. She knows their national and social historv. She will tell you that currants come from Greece, which also gave birth to Pericles! That raisins are from Valentia; and straightway she will talk of Spain of lemons, and then she will speak the lines of Charles Lamb, beginning: "Oh, know you the land where the lemon and myrtle 1" Of brandy, and that will take her to France—and—and all that: but there she stops: she cannot make the plum- pudding. She is too finished for that. Now, the pupils of Miss Griffin superinduce upon the theory of knowledge -for Miss G. will venture to use the expression-the practice of the boiler her pupils can make the pudding In a word, Miss Griffin professes really to finish young ladies for dinner-making wives. Miss Griffin feels that she was born with a call-a mission, namely, to humble man to the dust; and with this purpose, she has removed to her present extensive establishment, that thereat her principles may be the more fully developed. As it is, Miss Griffin cannot refuse to herself the grati- fication of reflecting that at least two hundred of her pupils—married and with families—are out those principles at two hundred firesides. She might—but she will not—make any references. She may, however, be permitted to say, that, by a curious coincidence, three of her pupils have all married the sons of bishops. Miss G. lias also been peculiarly fortunate in those young ladies who, bent upon the benign purpose of marriage; have left her establishment for India. 0 Miss Griffin feels that one sheet of paper cannot half contain all that she has to say upon the momentous subject of female education. She must therefore en- deavour to content herself with observing, that her system in a peculiar manner, embraces the useful with the elegant. At Capsicum House, young ladies are taught all the varieties of cooking, pickling, preserving, carving; in fact, in every sense, are made—when married —Young Men's Best Companions (and more than that.) Lectures are every week delivered at Capsicum House, for the furtherance of these paramount objects. Terms, £ 150 a-year. Every young lady is expected to bring her own carving knife and fork, a satin-wood rolling pin, and a dozen silver skeAvers.-Pit)tclt.

ATTEMPTED MURDER AND Sr 'icir)E.-The inha- I bitants of Fareham were thrown.into a state of ilarni I I I I on Monday last oy the report ot an awtut anewp. aL murder at the residence of Mr. William Thresher, and the attempted suicide of the perpetrator. Elizabeth Ayling, the victim of this tragic event, is about 18 years of age, and was acting in the capacity of nursery- maid in the family of the above named gentleman. The person charged with attempting the horrid act is a native of Hambledon, by name Charles Wolfe, 20 years of age, and was livins as footman in the same establish- III Elli tIt appears that Ayling was alone in the nursery up stairs, when Wolfe entered with a mallet in his hand he struck Ayling two violent blows on the head with his mallet, and, in doing so, broke the handle; and while his victim lay prostrate on the floor, stunned by the blows she had received, he inflicted several severe wounds on her neck and throat, one of the incisions being five inches in length. Itoused to consciousness, she struggled desperately with the ruffian, and in her defence she grasped the murderous weapon, and thereby cut her hands and fingers in a most frightful manner. She at length succeeded in escaping from him, and ran down into the kitchin. The cook, alarmed at the sight, hastened and informed the family of the catas- trophe. Some of them rushed up stairs to the nursery and seized Wolfe, who was in the act of cutling his own throat before a suspended looking-glass. We are happy to hear that the poor girl is pronounced out of danger. Wolfe is sullen and incommunicati ve. Jea- lousy is said to be the cause of his committing the dia- bolical otiti-tgc,-Il(tnts Independent. THE LATE MURDER OF A PAY CLERK IN IRELAND. —Thomas Roe, the man who was found on the day of of Mr. Prim's murder lying wounded near the scene of the tragedy, died on the 2oth ult. of mortification in the lungs, through which he had been shot. Shortly before his death the wretch confessed that he had been not only one of the murderers, but his gun, aimed at the policeman Yates, was the first fired, and that Mr. Prim immediately discharged a pistol at him in return, and ga\e him the wound of which he was then expiring. The people of Kilkenny have adopted a very marked method of manifesting their horror at the murder of Mr. Prim, the pay-clerk. In consrequence of a boast uttered by the widow of Roe, the murderer, that her husband should be buried in as good a coffin as Mr. Prim," some peasantry called at the police-bar- rack, where the wounded murderer expired, and repre- senting they were his friends and relatives his remains were delivered to them. These they forthwith conveyed away—dug a pit, and casting them therein, threw in quick-lime, and covered them with earth. Those who know the habits of the Irish peasantry—the extreme regard they show for the remains of their friends, and their anxiety that their bodies shall always be deposited at least in consecrated ground, will understand the deep exasperation which could prompt them to violate the usages and ceremonies which invariably in Ireland attend the burial of the dead. EXTRAORDINARY MODESTY.-The amiable master of Trinity has been lately heard to say, Let Who-will be next bishop, I shall be satisfied." --Punch. IkISII TITLE.-I. Soyer has been nicknamed by the Itih, 'The broth of a boy.Ibid.

"IRELAND FOR THE IRISil." —D. O'COK.NEH. r .a.I.-J.}.J ..LV. ÅJ..1.). OLLL. I Say, Politicians, arc the Prophets right, Who caU O'Conneil the Potatwe Blight?" If famine's cholic rack Hibernia's poor. Cm wisdom lay the blame at Daniel's door ? Sad Erin needed not another c'lre To make her state of bitter sufF'ring worse. Long have her wrong'd and ill starv'd children seen 1 ;n wholesome mildew on her valleys grcen- rraptiou j. blight, through gloomy ages past, And her Potato catches it at i-t. A plague-spot en her brow has long been set, t'en from the days of proud Plantagonet; la Tudor's dark, and Stuart's troubled reign, Oppresnion trampled on her wasted plain: There Cromwell, scion of a chosen :MCP, With "solemn league and covenant" of ace Led well-arra'd errant saints to seek the Lord, And Ireton flesh'd his puritanic sword: Then Willi.im of Nassau the scourge repeated, When acres broad, in Petty strips were m°ted.* Though milder chiefs have rul'd in later veard, Still has Ierne mourn' d in blood ann tears, The hard conditions of her hapless lot, And want has scowl'd on the potato plot. Blind bigotry, that's deaf to reason's call, And local tyranny, the worst of all, Have sltirr' d and blotted Nature's face so fair, And placed a scarifying blister there; While hirelings, dead to shame, have basely sold Their country's rights for all-polluting gold. Wrong begets wrong, for rankling wourds will burn, Tread on the little worm, and he will turn The candid anglo Saxon scarce can blame O'Connell's warmth or stigmatise his name For though the champion be not always wise, He's moved by honest human sympathies. For Ireland he has fought a. gallant tight And in his gen'ral principles is right. Ingenuous Truth will never seek to brand, The man who struggles for his native land. Before her throne as famish'd millions kneel, A patriotic Queen for them will feel What wretches feel," and faithful to her trust, Will physic pomp and show the heav'ns more just. If Christian equity can but subdue A foul, omniv'rous, and insatiate crew Of harpies,f settled long on Erin's fields, Who snatch, or taint, what kindly nature yiclds- May One above propitious aid impart To crown the wishes of a princely heart; May no cold, sordid policy control The gen'rous impulse of Victoria's soul Grant that her reign Elizabethen prove The dread of tyrants, and the poor man's loi-e Sons of the Em'rald Isle—your father-land Hold fast,J your rule—beneficent and bland, Hath been vouchsafed by GOD to her fair hand: In pure and lasting glory may she rise, And read her hist'ry in a nation's eyes

Sir William Petty, (the founder of th? Lmsdowae family) who Uyes" in Komsey Church, Hampshire, covered with a rough slab, was one of the Commissioners for dividing and allotting" the confiscated lands after the battle of the Boyrie. t In part illustration of your excellent leading article of the week before last, I subjoin the definition of a" middle-man" as given by Mr. D'Iraeii in the House of Commons. "A middle.ma.u is a man who bamboozles one party and plun- clers the other-tili having obtained a position to which he is not entitled, he cries out, let us have no party question, but fixity of tenure." t Sun," April 5th.—" Sir Robt. Gore Booth, Bart., has it in contemplation to send out to Canada from 500 to iOn of his tenantry, who are desirous to proceed thence in the hope of bettering their condition." ANGLO-SAXON. I Banks of the Lleidi, Carmarthenshire, 1 April 2nd, 1847.

ALLEGED UNNATURAL ?»IURDER.—A man and wo- man, supposed to be natives of Ireland, were seen in the neighbourhood of Cockburnspath, last Monday morning, accompanied by a boy, apparently their son, from 10 to 12 years of age, who was in a very weak condition. After proceeding a short distance from Cock- burnspath, it would appear that they had taken the poor fellow, and laying him down in a small drain running below a road, placed a large stone across his back. They then built up both ends of the drain with loose stones, apparently for the purpose of suffocating- him. A labourer belonging to the vicinity, v.ho had occasion to pass the spot some time after, finding the drain closed up in this manner, set about removing the stones. While enagecj in this work, he heard a groan. This naturally excited his curiosity; and on searching he found the boy still in life, lying in the position we have described. The poor fellow, however, shortly afterwards expired. Steps were immediately taken to have the two individuals supposed to be concerned in the perpetration of the crime apprehended; but we have not heard with what succpss.-Edinburgh Witness. A FIGHT WITH THE EXECUTIONER ON THE SCAF- FOLD.The following occurrence took place at Nauplia, in Greece :—Two brigands, Demetrius and Theodosius Iryphoupulos, were Drought out for execution in the principal square of the town. They both walked quietly to the scaffold, but when the executioner approach cd Demetrius to bind him to the fatal plank, the latter, who was a man of gigantic stature and herculean strength, burst his cords, and overthrew the executioner and his assailants. On their endeavouring to seize him', when they regained their legs, Demetrius beat them severely, and threatened to pitch them off the scaffold among the crowd, and was carrying his threats into execution, when the executioner drew a lon^-bladed knife from under his dress, and stabbed Demetrius to the heart, who fell dead upon the platform. The executioner then decapitated the coipse. The other brother, Theodosius, on the contrary, seemed perfectly resigned to his fate, and submitted himself quietly into the hands of the executioner. JAVA.—CON VERSION OF THE SULTAN OF BAUKA TO CHRISTIANITY.—A letter inserted in the Diario di Roma, from a Catholic inhabitant of Java, dated Dec. 1, 1846, states that the Sultan of the Island of Bauka had demanded the rites of baptism for himself and all his family, from the Catholic priest at Singapore. He offered to build a church at his own expense in the principal town of Bauka. The example of the sultan would probably be followed by all the inhabitants of Bauka, and of the- adjacent Island of Bissiton. The population of the two is about 60,000, most of them Chinese. FIRE-DAMP EXPLOSION IN FRANCE.—A dreadful explosion of fire-damp took place in a coal-mine near MODS, on the 22d, at a time when fifty men were in it; Twenty-six were kilied the others were got out more or less inj ured. An explosion of the same kind also took place on the 23d, in one of the coal-pits of La Graine, in Alsace, and caused a dreadful loss of life. Out of thirty-six workmen in the pit at the moment, twenty- four perished, and the other twelve are seriously burnt. Seventeen of the bodies have been got out, but the other seven still remain in the pit, it being impossible to reach the spot where they are lying, in consequence of a portion of the coal bed being on fire. Nothing has transpired to show how this accident had occurred. A physician being long teased with an hypochon- driacal patient, at last said to him, I have now only one thing to propose to you become a foot soldier as soon as you can, for in your present situation as a gentleman, Jou'tåt and drink too much and work too little." BAD LEGS AND WOUNDS OF ALL KINDS CURED BY HOLLOWAY'.S OINTMENT AND PILLS.—If these valuable medicines be used together according to the directions given with them, there is no case, however obstinate, bad, or long standing, but may be shortly cured by their surprising efficacy. Thousands of persons who had been patients in large hospitals, and under the care of the greatest surgeons of the day without deriving the least benefit, as a last resource use Holioway's Oint- ment and Pills, which always cure them, and frequently in as little time as a cut finger would require when treated in the usual way.

THE GOVERNMENT EDUCATION MEASURE. f [From the Times.] I If there ever was any agitation which had all the signs of emanating from some very small and narrow- minded clique, possessing no sympathy with the rest of the woild, indifferent to the common interest of the empire, sweeping and furious in its censures, blind to the most evident facts, and concentrating its thoughts on some miserable sectarian object, it is the very brisk and busy crusade now getting up against the ministerial plan for the improvement of education. W e will con- fess that nothing would give us so much pain as that the crusade should be successful. If these agitators, instead of sitting down and wrink- ling their brows to screw out plausible or rather possible objections, would just give us some comprehensive and practical plan of their own to answer the purpose, we should at least respect their opposition. But thus far we see no acknowledgment on their part of the public necessity. On the contrary they appear to affirm that the children of this country, the young women, the young men, the carters and plough-boys, and the corresponding class in the towns, are sufficiently educated. Sunday and day schools, we are told, are doing all that is wanted in this way our National and our British schools turn out well-informed young people, who know quite enough of the world they are born into our schoolmasters and schuolmistresses are accomplished, well read, and texterous deachers. At least, there has been a sufficiently rapid improvement to justify the State in letting well alone. It is evident that an impression of this sort can only influence those who unfortunately happen to partake of it. We are not ourselves in the number. We will confess that as far as regards the most numerous, and therefore the most important class of our coun try-as far as concerns those whom we ought to be thinking of when we speak of the English" as a whole—we believe the education of this country to be a miserable, make-believe, superficial, illusory, system. It is one great quackery from begin- ning to end. It does not stand the test of half a year's trial on any one subject, sacred or secular. It is all the same with both parties. There is only a difference in name between the National "humbog" and the British and foreign "humbug." The children come out pretty nearly as incapable, as giftless, as mere chil- dren, as mere parrots as they went in. Rare exceptions there are; for it would be strange that fifty thou- sand teachers had not some among them who would turn out good work under any system. But they are very rare. Though there is confessedly much better teaching open to the poor in towns than in villages, in point of fact, the former contain as much ignorance and brutishness as the latter. The unwieldly size of the better schools for the poor, possessing as they usually do, only one efficient teacher for each sex, the scores and scores of children that stagnate in the lower classes, the indifferent character of the smaller Schools, and the fact that multitudes go to no school at all, all conspire to a result which tHe criminal and other statistics too fully corroborate—that, town or country, ignorance is the rule,—proper training the exception. Taken as a whole, England is an ignorant nation, and likely to remain so, unless something be done. Information of the most moderate sort is with us the distinction and monopoly of a class. Now, with every disposition to see a snake in the grass, if there is one to be found, we must say we can discover no other design or probable result in the much calumniated Minutes, except an improvement in the secular education of the English," i. e. nine-tenths of our people. The long known and long tried statesmen, at the head of whom stands, as far as regards this subject, a man who has been half a century before the eyes of his country, in the noon day light of public dis- cuss ion and of his own personal candour, desire nothing more whatever than to leave the religious instruction of the people in the hands of the present religious instruc- tors, whoever they may be, and to add what people please to call secular knowledge that is, the sort of knowledge imparted at a good commercial academy. All the much disputed details of the plan, the pupil teachers" and stipendiary monitors," the inspec- tors" and certificates, which have been ingeniously misconstrued into an infernal machine for the destruction of British liberty, are nothing more whatever than simple arrangements practically necessary for the simplest of purposes. We can see no more tendency in the measure to churchify the rising generation of the country than to make them Mahometans. Did we see such a tendency we should think ourselves bound in honour to the Dissenting portion of our countrymen to avow it. That tendency from our heart we believe to be all fudge. The only tendency we can see in the minutes is towards secular education. Let people judge for themselves. Let them read over the qualifications required from pupil teachers and stipendiary monitors, and suppose them to indicate the routine instructions of every school, being in fact such as would appear in the prospectus of a rather ambitious commercial school- master, and then let them say whether Lord Lansdowne is training up Jesuits in disguise, whether he is exalting the Catechism, and whether he is clearing the ground and enlarging the sphere of the parochial clergy. [From the Daily I Before the Jesuits commenced their campaign against the national system of Education in France, they were at open war with the parochial clergy, and, animated by more than the ordinary jealousy which divides the regulars and seculars in the Church of Rome, they assailed all the Tramontane priests with as much fierceness as the Leeds Mercury used to display against the Wesleyan Methodists. But when it was necessary for the Jesuits to seek allies in their warfare against education, they placed ultra-montanism out of sight, and exhibited as much zeal to win over the secu- lars as the Leeds Mercury now displays to gain the support of the Wesleyaus. In 1839 the Methodists, for opposing the government scheme of education, were stigmatised by the Mercury as cavillers" and bi- gots while Dr. Bunting was held up to reprobation by the derisive title of Bishop." In 1847 the Mercury invites the Wesleyans to persevere in the course which it had itself reprobated, and it avers that the Methodists are ready to join in its own. factious course, though that respectable body has carefully held aloof from the Baines' opposition. The educational committee of the Methodist conference, in the resolutions adopted on Thursday last, distinctly admits that there are grounds on which it would approve a scheme of education to be supported by national taxation," and it has voted that a statement of the objections to the present measure should be submitted to the committee at the adjourned meeting." This is a manly and dignified course, cal- culated to win respect, and to secure attention. Objec- tions thus duly weighed, and calmly considered, will not contain such monstrous blunders and patent falsehoods as the list we had recently to expose. Every true friend of education will receive the objections of the Wesleyan committee with a sincere anxiety to make such modifi- cations in the plan as will, without impairing its efficiency, obviate their conscientiousscruples. We give the gentlemen of the committee the fair credit of believing that they will not be animated by the captious cavilling spirit attributed to them by the Leeds Mercury, and that they will show that the bigotry with which that journal charged them was an accusation levelled against them by the rancour of sectarianism. Hitherto, their proceedings have exhibited a marked and honour- able contrast to the course adopted by Mr. Baines and his associates nor is there any reason to doubt that the proceedings of the committee, on Thursday the 8th, will continue to exhibit the dignity and the moderation by which they have been hitherto distinguished. [From the Morning Herald.] 1 I Oil the whole we should be glad to fiiid that the Go- vernment is prepared to give those assurances which would tranquilise the members of the Church, and of the Wesleyan body. There is no wish, we believe, in either of these quarters, for any exclusiveness except the exclusion of error. Let some broad pacific ground be taken such, as for instance, the granting assistance to all schools using bona fide, the Scriptures in the autho- rised version. If this rule denies aid to the Homanist and Socinian, it denies it merely because they will not accept the plain undoubted word of God honestly ren- dered into our own tongue. Tliat the English Bible is a fair and just translation, is a matter which has been abundantly proved. The Romanist and the Socinian alike refuse to receive it, simply because it cuts up their heresies by the roots. But it is a document recognised by the laws of England, and from which we are not going, at this time of day, to retreat. It is a fair and legitimate standard, by which all honest men will readily submit to be tried. It is the National Bible of England. No country calling itself Christian, could justify itelf in leaving its people without a true and faithful copy of God's Word in their own language. Our rulers in times past have taken care to provide such a copy. If any error of importance can be shown to exist in it, it is still the duty of our rulers to see that such error is re- moved. But if none such can be pointed out, then there can be no more simple, safe, or proper test to be applied to teachers generally than this.—Are you or are you not ready to accept, aud to use, our English B; ble ? We claim no other test, we ask for no other exclusion, than this. But we are ready to maintain that whoever rejects this one condition, puts himself thereby, fairly, and deservedly, out of the pale of state countenance and support. This one point is just that on which at least 99-106ths of the people agree. Churchmen and Presbyterians, Baptists, Wesleyans, Quakers and Inde- pendents, all consent to our English Bible. The dissentients are so few, and constitute so small a section of the community, that to concede a principle for them wouid be nearly as absurd as to consult the whims of the Socialists. But more than this the Bible is the Word of God and we believe that we have it pure and uncorrupt. To exclude or omit it from the education of the poor, is a thing altogether indefensible and on this ground, abundantly sufficient in itself, we rest our position, that this, above all other points, this, solely, ought to be made the fundamental principle of all state support to our publicschools. Could so simple and comprehensive a principle of this kind be adopted, we believe that the opposition now raising by the more vehement of the Dissenters, would melt away like snow before the sun of a spring morning. ARTICHOKES AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR POTATOES.— It has latterly been much urged upon the cottagers the utility of extensively substituting in their allotments and gardens the Jerusalem artichoke for the potato. No weather hurts it, it appears to grow almost anywhere, and yields quite as large a crop as the most prolific potato. A friend of ours (says a Bath contemporary) planted in April last, and is now digging an average produce of half-a-peck to each root planted. I

NEW COUNTY COURTS. I The Jurisdiction of the Court extends to debts to the amount of f20, and to hurts and wrongs of all de- scriptions, where the damages arc not laid above £ 5. Plaints of ejectment for rents under ma,y also be brought before the Court. The following is a list of the Court fees on entering plaints Costs of a summons if the defendant resides within one mile of the Court House:—For sums not exceeding 2 0s., 9d.; for sums exceeding 20s. and not exceeding 40s., Is. 4d., with an additional charge of 6d. in the pound (being the general fund fee): if above 40s. and not ex- ceeding JM, 2s. 6d., besides the geueral fund fere which is Is. in the pound on all sums above 40s. if above £ 5, and not exceeding £10, 4s. 10d. if above £ 10, 7s., if the action is founded on contract, and 8s. if it is founded on tort. The points most important to be observed by suitors are the following:- BY A PLAINTIFF. He must apply at the office of the Court to enter a plaint in a book to be kept there. If the sum be above £ -5, he must deliver as many copies of the particulars of his demand, or cause of action, as there are defendants. The plaintiff on entering the plaint will receive from the Clerk a note, which must be produced on taking any money out of Court, or he must procure the.order of the Judgt for that purpose. The Clerk will fill up the summons with a copy of the particulars. Every summons must be served ten clear days before the holding of the Court, at which it is returnable, and must be served personally, or left with some person at the defendants dwelling-house or place of business but where it has not been served personally, and the defend- ant does not appear, it must be proved that the service has come to his knowledge ten clear days before the return. 1 fthe defendant pays any money intoConrt he must do so .5 clear days before the return of thesummons. If plaintiff accepts the sum so paid in satisfaction, he must give the clerk and the defendant a written notiee of it three clear days before the return of the summons. The action shall then be discontinued, and the plaintiff shall not be liable to any further costs. In default of the notice, the action will proceed: and if the plaintiff do not appear at the hearing, he will be liable to pay the defendants's costs. BY A DEFENDANT. In case he has any set-off, he must give notice thereof in writing to the clerk, and deliver him two copies of the particulars thereof five clear days before the return of the summons. The like notice must be given of any special defence of infancy, coverture, statute of limitation, or his dis- charge under the bankrupt or insolvent laws. In debts exceeding E5, the party requiring a jury must give two clear days' notice to the clerk before the return of the summons. When an order is made for payment of money by in- stalments, they are to be paid at the clerk's office, at such periods as the court shall order and if no order be made as to the periods of payment, the first instalment is to become due at the expiration of one calendar month from the day of making the order, and the successive instalments will be payable at intervals of one month from each other. Facilities are provided for enforcing claims by or against executors and administrators. A defendant can be examined as well as his wife.

TRIAT, PY IT-, RV- [From the Times.] It is hardly possible to conceive that the unanimity of juries can at any period of our history have been established by a deliberate act of the Legislature. A practice so repugnant to all experience of human con- duct must have crept in among our institutions through some, unforeseen concurrence of events, or have resulted as an unexpected corollary from a proposition of which no suspicion was entertained. There is, indeed, a very reasonable conjecture that the ancient principle of the common law which required the concurring judgment of twelve men before the liberty or the property of the subject could be affected, has been perverted to the present impossible practice. That principle, however, was only a qualification or an extension of the rule of majority. In several of the great inquests established by the constitution this rule prevailed, but subject to the condition that whatever the number of the jury, twelve at least should concur in a verdict of guilty. A grand jury may consist of any number, from the magic twelve to twenty-three. Where there is a full complement the rule abovementioned requires only a bare majority where there is merely a quorum the consequence is unanimity. It is obvious, however, that the unanimity is not the principle of the rule, but only an incident. Majority is the principle but, as this is lixed, and the whole number fluctuates, it follows that when the whole number and the majority are the same, unanimity is necessarily produced. Now, it happens that, probably with a view to convenience the whole number of the petty jury has been fixed at twelve. At the same time, the ancient rule, which requires twelve for a conviction, remains unaltered. And hence we have the unavoidable result that a petty jury must always be unanimous. This ingenious conjecture may serve to dispel the su- perstitious halo that surrounds our jury system It shows, not, indeed, with demonstrative certainty, but, as it appears to us, with a very reasonable probability, that neither immemorial usage nor legislative wisdom is the authority to which is to be referred the doctrine of unanimity. Although, according to Blackstone, the enthusiastic panegyric of trial by jury, the necessity of a total unanimity is pefcsliar to our own constitution," it is a peculiarity the result of accident rather than design. So long as the practice was productive of no inconvenience there was no advantage in exposing the weakness of its foundations. It is, however, almost certain that the respect it enjoyed was but the reflex of that intense veneration with which the principle of the jury system was justly regarded. It shone by a bor- rowed light. But nowthat its errors are demonstrated by daily experience that it is perverted from a conservative power to a destructive agent, that it is found to obstruct the administration of justice, and to turn law into a lottery, and, what is of more importance than all other considerations, now that is very generally con- demned, and has lost its hold upon public confidence the time issurelyarrived for discarding it altogether. Trial by jury itself is but a portion of the whole system of juris- prudence. Undoubtedly it is a very important branch, but it is not the root. It might be lopped off, and still the tree would flourish. We do not say that it is de- sirable to lop it off, but we are most decidedly for prunning it with a vigorous hand. This primaeval institution," to use the words of Hallam—" these in- quests of twelve true men, the unadulterated voice of the people, responsible alone to God and their con- science, which should be heard in the sanctuaries of justice as fountains springing fresh from the lap of earth, are become like waters constrained in their course by art, stagnant and impure." We have altered the tense of the historian: he wrote of the past, but we speak of the present. Although no Star-chamber terrors, nor Royal messages, nor judicial threats, nor any other device of arbitrary power, are used in these days to influence the verdicts of juries, we doubt if the seeds of corruption are present among them in a smaller propor- tion than in the days of the Plantegenets, the Tudors, or the Stuarts. All evil influence does not come from the powers that be. The Crown is not the only seducer of integrity, nor menace the only method of biassing judgment. We do not assert that jurymen are often bribed, but there are means (and they are liberally used) of diverting the stream of justice and sullying the purity of its waters. The bench could testify to this, if dignity and prudence did not impose a compulsory silence. The gossip of the bar and the anecdotes of circuit, plen- tifully illustrate the truth. The North of England is the great arena for displaying the preictical results of the jury system. We find for Mr. Grainger" is a good story, but it is something more. It is a sort of modtiin myth, enveloping a great and universal truth. Far be it from us to say that the Englishman of the jury class, whether north, south, east, or west, in all places and under all circumstances, is not calm, deli- berative, intelligent, patient, and conscientious, that he does not perfectly understand all the cases he tries, and always gave a true verdict according to the evidence. Far be it from us to assert that a substantial farmer is not a fit person to decide a question of title deduced through a series of wills and conveyances expressed in the terJmicallanguage of the law. Far be it from us to him that a respectable tradesman in a provincial town is not the most proper person in the world to pronounce upon the infringement of a patent for the manufacture of vulcanized India rubber. It is to be presumed that the decision of a competent tribunal is al ways correct, and that if juries had not all the proper attributes of judgment, the constitution would never have invested them with the power of exercising it. These considerations, however are almost superfluous. We appeal now to facts much more than to principles. We appeal to such cases as the trial of Captain Johnson of the Tory," which very probably many of our readers still remember of Henry Warren, at Exeter, on Monday last, where a verdict of manslaughter was returned upon evidence which proved either murder or nothing of Ann Scuffum, at Stafford, on the same day, who was acquitted of the murder of her own child on the ground of in- sanity, in the absence of all legal proof of that malady, and in the teeth of her own confession that she had pushed the child under water because she could afford to keep one, but not two. We appeal, in short, to the records of almost all trials as they appear in our co- lumns, and which it is impossible tu read without perceiving an increasing disregard on the part of juries to the e%idence, or their own oaths. If this matter could be impartially consi(lere(I-if it could be divested of prejudice and mystery and the stereotyped common- places in which society expresses its adulation of trial by jury—there would not be found much difficulty. There would remain a very simple proposition :—Given a good system and a bad practice—an excellent principle and bad results—an ingenious machine, but one that does not work,—what is to be done with it ?

ExriRATiQN OF PARLIAMENT.—Contrary to the im- pression generally prevailing, the present parliament has even now another year of life left in it, so far as its necessary termination by process of law is concerned. The Septennial Act declares that the parliament shall and have a continuance for seveii years to be accounted from the day on which bit the writ of summons parlia- ment sJudl be appointed to meet, unless dissolved by royal authority at an earlier period. The last parliament was dissolved in June, 1841, upon sir Robert Peel ob- taining a majority on a motion of want of confidence. The present parliament met for the first time on the the 19th of August, 1841. It would appear, therefore, that there is 110 legal necessity for the dissolution of tha of

THE AFFAIRS OF SPAIN. I THE AFF.IR3 OF SPAIX. I The decisive change which has just been effected in the Ciln.'let of Spain is the most auspicious event we have had to record in the affairs of that country for several years and we trust it is the forerunner of an era of national independence and constitutional govern- ment to all Spain. Although the accession of Senor Pachecu to power had been anticipated for several weeks in this country, and although Queen Isabella herself had gften unequivocal proofs of her detenniiiation to break with the Afrancesado party, serious apprehensions were* entertained that the most desperate measures might be resorted to by that faction to oppose the will of their Sovereign. But the existence of the scandalous intrigues by which they hoped to perpetuate their own power, in defiance of the Queen's pleasure, and even at the expense of her legitimate rights, has only served to render their downfall more complete. When men have engaged themselves beyond all possibility of retreat, in the path which they were following-when their power rests upon the degree of coercion they may exercise on their own Sovereign, and the degree of subserviency they may display to a foreign court—there is no alter- native left for them between absolute success and utter ruin. But yesterday the Ministers of the Afrancesados commanded a majority in the Chamber, because they had stifled public opinion and crushed the legitimate Opposition by the most arbitrary means; but no sooner was this ministerial terrorism terminated by the decision of the Court and the expulsion of the high Moderados, than the very same Chamber left its former masters in an humiliating and contemptible majority. It will redound to the honour of Queen Isabella, and it will establish for her a degree of political reputation hardly to be expected at her years, if it should prove, as seems probable, that in the forlorn and alarming situation in which we lately saw her placed, her own good sense and resolution found a way out of the dan- gers and perplexities that appeared to menace the in- dependence of her person and the security of her crown. We are the more anxious to render homage to these qualities of the Queen of Spain, inasmuch as they could neither be foreseen nor even hoped for. But neither the example of her mother nor the repressive influence which has hitherto been exercised over her could alto- gether disqualify her for the discharge of those high duties, of which the very first is to vindicate the inde- pendence of the nation and the prerogative of the Crown. With wiser and more patriotic counsellors than those who have lately surrounded the throne, these promising dispositions will be cultivated, and may yet procure and and perpetuate the freedom and prosperity of Her Ma- jesty's dominions. We have no wish to claim for Mr. Bulwer any promi- nent share in these late transactions, for we are persuaded that if these changes have gratified the British Minister at Madrid, and every other Englishman in Spain, it is because they have restored Spain to herself, and broken a yoke of foreign domination which was humiliating to the spirit and fatal to the interests of the country. The principle upon which the new Cabinet has been formed is a broad and liberal one; and it includes among its supporters every shade of opinion, from the Progresistas to Narvaez. A general amnesty, which has been talked of, would still more extend its influence, by bringing back Espartero and Olozaga to their ap- propriate places in the counsels of their Sovereign. It is certainly a remarkable circumstance that Queen Christina and M. Bresson should have quitted Madrid at a moment when changes of this decisive character were impending. The task upon which the Pacheco Cabinet now enters is one of extreme difficulty; and we fear that will be aggravated by the intrigues to be directed against it from Paris. But if its policy be open and resolute, it will have what no Spanish Ministry has possessed for several years,—the support of the nation, excited by a just confidence in the resolution of Queen Isabella, and by a no less just execration of those who have hitherto overshadowed the lustre of her reign. We do not, therefore, look upon the formation of the Pacheco Ministry as any indication of the formation of what is termed a British connexion, which would be ruinous to the Government itself, odious to Spain, and adverse to France. We desire no such result. No one in this country desires it. England is perfectly satisfied with the state of affairs in the Peninsula, and with the nature of her relations there, if they are carried on upon the strictest principles of national independence and neutrality. The only party which this country refuses even to know in Spain is that which is not Spanish.

CANTERBURY.—Some surprise has been manifested that the Judge of the Small Debts' Court for this dis- trict has not appointed his circuit. But we hear that Mr. Chilton has declined to accept the office, which has occasioned the delay, and that Mr. C. Harwood has been appointed in his stead. Mr. G. Furley, solicitor, of this city, has been appointed clerk. We have also heard parties named as bailiff and treasurer, though we cannot mention them with certainty. -Dover Chronicle. PARTY RELATIONS.—The House of Commons sepa- rates to day for the Easter recess. So far, the session has not realised, in the interests and importance of its events, those expectations which, previous to its as- sembling, thp state of party relations generally induced. A government which undeniably reckons as its adherents a minority of the House, has carried its measures with very slight opposition, and by large majorities. The discussions which have taken place have made it more clear that it is at the present time the only practicable administration. Sir Robert Peel is evidently most un- willing to re-assume the reins of government, and carefully abstains from any overt attempt to reconstruct his party and it daily becomes more manifest that Lord George Bentinek is utterly unfit for the office of a political leadership, and would be still more incapable of conducting the affairs of the nation. By their votes against his Irish railway scheme, many of the Protec- tionists sufficiently expressed their appreciation of his capacities as a statesman and one or two exhibitions such as that by which, on Monday night, he incurred the strong censure of one of his own friends, and for which even Mr. Newdegate thought it necessary to apologise, will bring his lordship into the same repute with his own party, as he now holds with his opponents. An attack on the Ministers of the Crown, so mischievous and criminal, could only have proceeded from a man utterly without conception of the responsibility of his position, and bringing into the public affairs, principles of action formed and matured in the stable and the betting-room. The apathy which the existing state of party relations has caused among the opponents of the government, (or rather those who sit on the opposite side) in the House of Commons, has also manifested itself in the country. At Lewes, where there has usually been a severs contest, a Liberal was recently returned without opposition. At Canterbury, a Whig replaced a Tory without a contest. In East Somerset- shire, the vacancy caused by the death of Colonel Gore Langton, will be filled by a gentleman of the same liberal politics. In Bedfordshire, the seat held by the late Mr. Astell, a Protectionist, was abandoned to his opponents, without a struggle. It is not unlikely that the consideration of the state of public feeling which these circumstances indicate, may hasten a dis- solution of Parliament, in order that the elections may take place before Taper and Tadpole have been able to invent a new cry, which shall re-unite the two sections of the conservative party against their old opponents.— Manchester Guardian of Wednesday. MERCILESS MERCY.—It might have been supposed that juries would be disposed to regard witjfc* extsaor- dinary severity, acts of tyranny and deadly violence committed upon helpless seamen at sea, but, on the contrary, there is no class of crimes so leniently treated. IVe have seen captains of merchantmen brought in guilty of manslaughter who have, beyond any doubt, moral or legal, committed their two or three murders, and others who have been convicted of common assaults after the clearest evidence of their having perpetrated barbarities ending in death. Every one has shuddered at the atrocities of Mother Brownrigg, but make the case that of Captain Brownrigg with his apprentices at sea instead of ashore, and no verdict of murder would be had, manslaughter would be the most that a jury, such as juries now commonly are, %vould consent to, and we should not be too sure even of that conviction, or it would be accompanied by a maudlin recommen- dation to mercy. From some cause or other, human sympathy does not stand the sea, or it is sea-sick. An example has just occurred at the Anglesea assizes. W. Peck, master, and W. Goodwill, mate, of the ship Athelstan, were tried for the murder of John Martin, a boy aged 13 or 11. The lad was in delicate health, and on a January morning before daylight he was called up to assist in making sail. The boy having been tardy, the master wont below and scourged him with a rope's end. He was then forced on dck with nothing but his shirt on, in an inclement January morning, and sent aloft to lose the mainsail, a duty which, almost naked as he was, he was too benumbed with cold to perform. Upon his coming down, the captain beat him with a boat hook with all his might till the boy was insensible, and, half-an-hour after, he was dead. The jury found the savage guilty of manslaughter, but recommended him to mercy and acquitted the mate. We should like to know what the circumstances were in this case which the jury regarded as extenuating even the minor guilt of manslaughter. The boy, ill of a finx, had been driven up with nothing but his shirt on, in the severe cold of a winter's morning before daybreak, when the cold is alvtys most intenge, it is always most intense, it was impossible that he could do the duty assigned him (that of loosing the mainsail), but when he returned upon deck the master, instead of eousideiing him more than sufficiently punished for tardiness in turning up, by the cruel exposure to the weather, fell upon him with a boat hook, all but naked as he was, and with such an instrument, a strong pole armed with iron, beat the miserable lad so that death ensued within half an hour. It appeared in evidence that after the barbarous outrage, the master left the boy lying insensible and naked on a coil of chain cable he was found in that state by his ship-mates, and by them carried below to die. There does not seem to have been a touch of relenting or compunction in the conduct of the master. He passed from one cruelty to a greater. The sight of the naked boy on the yard shivering in the cold of a bitter winter's morning did not satisfy him, his suffering benumbing his hands and disabling him for his duty only provoked more barbarity and heavier pun- ishment, and for having been cruelly frozen he was next beaten to death. Put the jury discerned features in the captain's conduct recommending him to the mercy, not a touch of which he had felt, and the judge sentenced the wretch to two years' imprisonment. Brownrigg had the misfortune to be cast in different times had she lived and tortured in our days she too might have got off with a verdict of manslaughter, a recommendation to mercy, and a cuuple of years' confinement — Examiner. INDIA.—OVERLAND MAIL.—The news received ia somewhat Interesting, though not considered of great political importance. A conspiracy, for example, ha* been discovered in the Punjaub, the object of which was to take away the life of Sirdar Teg Singh and sus, picions are abroad that Maharajah Goolab Singh, or her Highness the Ranee, has had some hand in it. -Intel- ligence from Caboot presents a somewhat warlike aspect. Mahomed Ukhbar Khan, having returned with his army from Candahar, has sent off the troops in the direction of Jellalabad, simultaneously calling on the chiefs of various districts to aid him with men and supplies. Many of these leaders had, by the last accounts, reached Jellalabad, and had written to the Vizier for instructions as to their further movements- The object of the expedition was not thoroughly known- The Governor-general was expected at Meerut on the 21st or 22nd Feb. he would eventually proceed to Simla.—The death of the King of Lucknow (Oude) IS announced. His majesty had been ailing for some time. He has been succeeded by his s(,n, and the change in the government has been managed without any of those disturbances which in the East so fre' quently attend the tranference of a sceptre from one hand to another.— There has been the customary amount of outrage in the mismanaged dominions of his Highness the Nizam. Great efforts had been made to get rid of the Arabs and other mercenaries, whose presence is the main cause of the disturbances that take place but these have not, as yet, been successful- The Calcutta Englishman gives an account of the attack 011 and capture of the fortress of the Rajah of Kandharj a chief who, at the head of a band of mercenary troopS, refused to submit to the Nizam and was daring enough to hold out against the force sent to subdue him. UNION OF CHRISTIANS.—The humble, the meek, the merciful, the just, the pious, and the devout, are every' where of "one religion; and when death has taken oft'the mask they will know one another, though the liveries they wear here make them strangers.— The Inr/le Xook.

I AGRICULTURE, MARKETS, &c. I I (From the Mark Lane Express"). I It is, of course, at present impossible to aseertltill whether the young wheat has been injuriously affected by the low range of temperature; but from the hardy character of the plant, we feel little apprehension on that hand, and the only circumstance which can be viewed as unfavourable is the probability of the next harvest being late, which miht, in the position of the country in regard to stocks, prove very inconvenient. The sowing of spring corn having received but little in- terruption, nearly the whole of the month of March having been highly auspicious for field work, most of the barley and oats have been got in, and great progress has likewise been made with bean and pea planting- These important labours having: been nearly brought to a close, farmers have again directed their attention to thrashing; and it is probable that an increase will shortly take place in the deliveries of grain from the growers. The time has now arrived for testing whether the stocks of wheat in the hands of the producers be really short, for there can be no question that if they are holders to any great extent they will avail them- selves of the very first opportunity of turning their wheat into cash. The inducements to realize are the still high value of the article and the state of uncertainty felt as to the future: if, therefore, the markets in the agricultural districts be not plentifully supplied during the month, we-shall no longer entertain a doubt on tbe- question of stocks, but look upon it as the strnngest possible evidence that the quantity remaining in the country is actually as small as represented. The vahie of wheat has, as might have been expected, felt the effect of the recent fall at Mark Lane, and prices have tended downwards in all parts of the kingdom. The barley trade was wretchedly dull; the seed demand appears to be nearly over, and the principal maltsters having left j off work, the ifner sorts were almost as difficult to place on Wednesday as the ordinary kinds. The quantity 01 English on sale being, however, small, Monday's cur- rency was about supported for the best, but secondary sorts and foreign barley might easily have been bought at a reduction of Is. per qr, Malt was totally neglected, and to have succeeded in effecting sales Is. to 2s. per qr. less must have been taken. The arrivals of oats coast- wise and from Ireland were scanty having, however, » good supply from abroad, the display of saniplcs waS rather large. Really good corn was not cheaper Oil Wednesday than in the commencement of the week, but to place the inferior sorts less money had to be taken- The continued dull accounts from Ireland relative to Indian corn caused that article to be pressed on the mar- ket, and it has become difficult to give correct quotations- [I s. s. S. 5 Wheat, En?I., red 72 to 76 Oats, English feed 2. 3i White 75-SO Potatoe. ?17 40 Norfolk & Suffolk 70 74 Y oughaU Black. 2,5 — 27 Do. new 78 82 Scotch feed 33 3, Barley,MaIting .51—54 Irish Galway. 23- Chevalier 53 —50 Dublin 27—^? Grinding 41 — 44 Londonderry 37—? Irish 30 33 W aterford white 26—3" Scotch 46 — 50 Clonmel ;H 3 Beans, Tick new.. 44-47 SEED, Rape 311. 33'- Harrow 47 — 48 Irish —I.—I. per I:?. Peas, Boiling 0I — 6) Linseed, Baltic. 48—? White 52 — 54 Odessa 47-50 Bine 73 — 80 Mustard, white. 8—? Maple 53— 58 Brown.. 9 — 10 per bus"' Malt, Br«wn 74 —76 Flour,Town-made Chevalier 76 —80 and bcstcountry '(in?ston & Ware. 72 — 78 marks 60 — ? Suffolk & Norfolk 70—72 Stockton 48—? Rye, new 45 —48 Norf. & Suffolk.. 50—^ Indian Corii 50 -52' iIrisli GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN. Week ending March 27.-Imperial-General WeeViy Average,—Wheat, 77s. Od; Barlev, 51s. 4d Oats, 3lg> fid; Rye, 56s. Od Beans, 51s. loa Peas, 58s. 9d. Aggregate Average of six weeks which governed D11^ Wheat, 74s 7d.; Barley, 53 s. 3d.; Oats, 31s. 9 Rye, -3os. 2d.; Beans, 52s. 9d.; Peas, 56s. 8d. LONDON AVERAGES. £ s. d £ n. &• Wheat. 7,102 qrs.3 19 3 I_ ye. Barley. ,022 2 15 11 Beans.. 984 2 9 Oats. 7,248 1 11 11 Peas 686 3jj SMITHFIELD MARKET. A COMPARISON of the PRICES of FAT SToCK. sold in SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET, on Monday April 6, 1816, and Monday, April 5, 1817. PerSlbs. to sink the offal. April 6, 1816. April 5, 1847. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Coarse & inferior Beasts. 2 6 to 3 0.. 3 0 to 3 Second quality do 3 2 3 63 6 a B Prime large Oxen. 3 8 3 1031040 PrimeScots,&c. 4 04 2424 4 Coarse & inferior Sheep.. 3 43 10384 0 Second quality do. 4 0 4 219-4 6 Prime coarse woollcd do.. 4 4 4 8485 (1 Prime Southdown do 4 10 5 0 5 2 5 Large coarse Calves 4 4 4 10445 « Prime small do. 5 0 5 452 5 Large Hos 3 6 4 638 4 li Neat small Porkers 4 85 0..4 8 5 :3 BUTTER, BACON, CHEESE, AND HAMS. 3 S' Cheese, per cwt. s. DorsetEutter,nr.nr..51 — Double Gloucester.. 62 6. Fresh Butter, 14s. Gd. Single ditto 52 per dozen. Cheshire .6  Irish, do., per cwt. Derby 58 ?, Carlow, new 100 — American 52 SH?o 80 — Edam and Gouda.. 48 Cork, 1st. 98 100 I Bacon, new 66 Waterford. 98 100 Middle —• Foreign Butter, cwt. Hams, Irish 80 Prime Fricsland .106 Westmorland 96 Do. Kiel 102 — York. 90 00" PRICE OF TALLOW, &c. 13t3. 18?4. 1845. ISHL IS 17. Stock this day 17,9-39..22,145..22,414..14,653..1'2,2»4 PriecofY.C.. 42s.9,-I..4i)i'd..42s.Gil .41)s 'I'I !!e

WEEKLY CALENDAR I I Tun MOON'S CHANGES.—New Moon 011 the 1,)t!1 nst. at 6I1. 22111. iiiorii. HIGH WATER AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES. FOR THE ENSUING WKEK. 1 Carmnr- CardIsan; TenbY ?.) .?t- DAYS. ?thcn 13:11./1 and and "? HaneHy BristoL'MiItbrd) APRIL. h. M H. m. { H. M. H. ?' Saturday. 10 — H 1 41 I — 26 2 I1 Sunday 11 1 38 3 4? 1 4?) 3 ?' Monday.12?2 59 4 21 ¡ 3 6 4-? Tuesday. 1 1 4 8 4 53 3 38 u? Wednesday. 14 5 3 a 48? 4 33 6 '? Thursday.. 15| 5 59 I) 35 5 20 7 I Frillay. Hil 6 3-5 7 6 5 7 LONDON GAZETTE. BANKRUPTS.—( Friday, April 2.)— H. Jones, venor-row, Pimlico, oilfiiaii.-if. J. Cook, Hedge-rol High-street, Islington, linen-draper.—J. Barlow, sc"'1 and J. Gill, Calvert's-buildings, Southwaxk, hop factof'v -J. Jebb, Stan?'?rdinp, Shropshire, grocer.—A. Birrc"' Salford, vintfar manufacturer.—R. Macoun, Bolo. Lancashire, I!tftton spinner.—Geo. Jones, Rough-hi" Bilston, Staffordshire, victualler.-J. J. Price, Bailt)1, tanner. B ANKRUPTS.—( Tuesday, April 6.)—Frederick Geor¡{e Wilson, draper, Pangbourne, Berkslilre.-Williiiii Maekev, attorney, Southampton.—Mary Deacon, of firm of Mack and Company, carrier, Symes, scrivener, Bridgewater, Somersetshire.—-J. wright, iron founder, Shrewsbury -James Bryan W :,r cheese factof, Birmingham.

ADVERTISEMENTS AND ORDERS RECElV^ BY THE FOLLOWING AGENTS LONDON: Mr. Barker, 33, Fleet-street,; Messrs f': ton & Co., Warwick-square Mr. G. lleynell, 42, ChtJ" cery-lane; Mr. Deacon, 3, Walbrook, near the Nlatis'. O Ilo use Mr. Hammond, 27, | son and Son, 74, Cannon-street; Mr. C Mitchell, Lion Court, Fleet-street: Messrs. Lewis and Lowe, Castle-Court, Cornhiil; Mr. W. Thomas, Cathen street, Strand, Mr. H. Clarke, 29, Charing CraS' London. t THIS PAVER IS REGULARLY FILED by all the above AS''N7 and also in London, at Peel's Cotfee-House, ,NO. and 178, Fleet-street.—Deacon's Coffee-House, brook, and the Auction Mart. f Printed and Published in Guitdh?I) Square, in the P"rt''? St. Peter, in the County of the Borough ot?rm?rthen?? the Proprietor, JOSEPH HEGt?EOTTOM. octon f("IT iri Carmarthen aforesaid FRIDAY, ATKIT. 9; 1841.